Academic literature on the topic 'Mass formulation'
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the lists of relevant articles, books, theses, conference reports, and other scholarly sources on the topic 'Mass formulation.'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Journal articles on the topic "Mass formulation"
1
Schmitzer, Bernhard, and Benedikt Wirth. "Dynamic models of Wasserstein-1-type unbalanced transport." ESAIM: Control, Optimisation and Calculus of Variations 25 (2019): 23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/cocv/2018017.
Full textAbstract:
We consider a class of convex optimization problems modelling temporal mass transport and mass change between two given mass distributions (the so-called dynamic formulation of unbalanced transport), where we focus on those models for which transport costs are proportional to transport distance. For those models we derive an equivalent, computationally more efficient static formulation, we perform a detailed analysis of the model optimizers and the associated optimal mass change and transport, and we examine which static models are generated by a corresponding equivalent dynamic one. Alongside we discuss thoroughly how the employed model formulations relate to other formulations found in the literature.
2
Shabana, A. A. "Automated Analysis of Constrained Systems of Rigid and Flexible Bodies." Journal of Vibration and Acoustics 107, no. 4 (1985): 431–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.3269284.
Full textAbstract:
This paper is concerned with modeling inertia properties of flexible components that undergo large angular rotations. Consistent, lumped and hybrid mass techniques are presented in detail and used to model the inertia properties of flexible bodies. The consistent formulation allows using the finite-element method as well as Rayleigh-Ritz method to describe the deformation of elastic components. Lumped mass techniques allow using shape vectors or experimentally identified data. In the hybrid mass formulation, the flexibility mass matrix is evaluated using a consistent mass formulation, while the inertia coupling between gross rigid body motion and elastic deformation is formulated using a lumped mass technique. Different mass formulations require the evaluation of similar sets of time-invariant matrices that represent the inertia coupling. Consequently, these matrices have to be evaluated only once in advance for the dynamic analysis. A unified mathematical model, and accordingly a unified computer program (DAMS: Dynamic Analysis of Multibody Systems), that deal with different formulations are developed. A comparative study is presented in order to study the effect of the mass formulation on the dynamic response of elastodynamic constrained systems. The validity of the linear theory that neglects the effect of small oscillations on large rigid body motion is also discussed.
3
Resca, Lorenzo, and Ronald D. Graft. "Intervalley effective-mass theory: Pseudopotential formulation." Physical Review B 32, no. 2 (1985): 1068–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/physrevb.32.1068.
Full text
4
Bedoustani, Yousef B., Pascal Bigras, Hamid D. Taghirad, and Ilian A. Bonev. "LAGRANGIAN DYNAMICS OF CABLE-DRIVEN PARALLEL MANIPULATORS: A VARIABLE MASS FORMULATION." Transactions of the Canadian Society for Mechanical Engineering 35, no. 4 (2011): 529–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/tcsme-2011-0032.
Full textAbstract:
In this paper, dynamic analysis of cable-driven parallel manipulators (CDPMs) is performed using the Lagrangian variable mass formulation. This formulation is used to treat the effect of a mass stream entering into the system caused by elongation of the cables. In this way, a complete dynamic model of the system is derived, while preserving the compact and tractable closed-form dynamics formulation. First, a general formulation for a CDPM is given, and the effect of change of mass in the cables is integrated into its dynamics. The significance of such a treatment is that a complete analysis of the dynamics of the system is achieved, including vibrations, stability, and any robust control synthesis of the manipulator. The formulation obtained is applied to a typical planar CDPM. Through numerical simulations, the validity and integrity of the formulations are verified, and the significance of the variable mass treatment in the analysis is examined. For this example, it is shown that the effect of introducing a mass stream into the system is not negligible. Moreover, it is non linear and strongly dependent on the geometric and inertial parameters of the robot, as well as the maneuvering trajectory.
5
Kooi, B. W., M. P. Boer, and S. A. L. M. Kooijman. "Mass Balance Equation Versus Logistic Equation in Food Chains." Journal of Biological Systems 05, no. 01 (1997): 77–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218339097000072.
Full textAbstract:
The dynamic behavior of tri-trophic food chains consisting of resources, prey, predator and top-predator is dealt with. We compare a formulation whereby the prey growth is logistic, with a mass balance formulation. In the case of the mass balance formulation both the linear and the hyperbolic functional response are discussed. The consequences of the different formulations on the dynamics of a microbial food chain in chemostat situation are described. Bifurcation diagrams for the nonlinear dynamic systems are given. When the prey grows logistically there is no coexistence of the three species for biologically realistic parameter values for a microbial food chain. The same holds for the mass balance equations with a linear functional response for the prey. For a hyperbolic functional response, however, there is a stable equilibrium for the whole food chain in a rather large region of the parameter space. Furthermore, this model shows more complex dynamic behaviors; besides point attractors, limit cycles and chaotic attractors.
6
Jin, Fengdan. "Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometric Assay for Determination of Stavudine in Human Plasma." Journal of Spectroscopy 2014 (2014): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/517089.
Full textAbstract:
A LC-MS/MS method for determination of stavudine in human plasma was established and validated, and it was applied to the pharmaceutical formulations bioequivalence study. 0.5 mL plasma sample was extracted by liquid-liquid extraction. Stavudine was detected by a LC-MS/MS system. The pharmacokinetic parameters of stavudine in different formulations were calculated by noncompartment model statistics. The method was linear over the concentration ranges 5.00–1000 ng/mL in plasma. The intra- and interassay relative standard deviation (RSD) was <10%. The average accuracies for the assay at three concentrations (5.00, 80.0, and 900 ng/mL) were from 100.2% to 102.5%. Pharmacokinetic parameters of stavudine reference formulation were obtained as follows:Tmaxwas0.6±0.2 h,Cmaxwas480.7±150.9 g/L,t1/2was1.7±0.4 h, andAUC0-twas872.8±227.8 g·h/L, and pharmacokinetic parameters of stavudine test formulation were obtained as follows:Tmaxwas0.5±0.2 h,Cmaxwas537.5±178.5 g/L,t1/2was1.7±0.3 h, andAUC0-twas (914.1±284.5) g·h/L. Calculated withAUC0-t, the bioavailability of two formulations was 105.0%.
7
Sbhatu, Desta Berhe, Goitom Gebreyohannes Berhe, Abadi Gebreyesus Hndeya, et al. "Hair Washing Formulations from Aloe elegans Todaro Gel: The Potential for Making Hair Shampoo." Advances in Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences 2020 (September 1, 2020): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/8835120.
Full textAbstract:
This study aimed to describe the gross phytochemical constituents of Aloe elegans Todaro gel and evaluate the characteristics and quality of lab-made hair washing formulations prepared from the gel to show its potential in formulating hair washing shampoos. A. elegans gel mass was prepared from mature, healthy leaves collected from natural stand. Samples of 100% methanol extract of the gel were subjected to standard phytochemical screening and gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy (GC-MS) analysis. Five hair washing formulations (Fs) were, likewise, prepared by mixing 4.0–10.0 mL of gel with one (0.05 mL) to two (0.10 mL) drops of six synthetic and natural ingredients, namely, coconut oil, jojoba oil, olive oil, pure glycerin oil, lemon juice, and vitamin E. The gel to the total ingredient ratios (v/v) of the five formulations were 93 : 7 (F1), 94.5 : 5.5 (F2), 96.4 : 3.6 (F3), and 96.6 : 3.4 (F4 and F5). The formulations were evaluated using sensory inspection and common physicochemical methods. The phytochemical screening and GC-MS analysis revealed that A. elegans gel is the source of important chemical constituents used in the formulation of shampoos and similar products including saponins, capric acid, lauric acid, myristic acid, palmitic acid, linoleic acid, stearic acid, and phytol. Lab-made A. elegans hair washing formulations, especially those with 96.4–96.6% gel, were found to have similar characteristics and qualities with a common marketed shampoo. All the formulations were turbid with characteristic odor as the marketed shampoo. The pH values of the hair washing formulations (6.4–4.6) were comparable to those of the marketed shampoo (6.7). Formulations with higher proportion of gel had better foam stability, higher solid content (26–29%), higher surface tension (33–38 dynes/cm), shorter wetting time (150–160 sec), equivalent viscosities (26.45–26.73 poise), and conditioning performance than the marketed shampoo. These findings demonstrate that A. elegans gel mass can be used in the formulation of good-quality hair washing shampoos. We recommend future studies that aim to develop the phytochemical profile of the plant and a refined protocol of hair washing shampoo formulation.
8
Prabhat, Shrestha, Shrestha Rajan, and Shrestha Sahana. "Formulation and evaluation of orally disintegrating tablet containing taste masked mirtazapine." Journal of Analytical & Pharmaceutical Research 10, no. 2 (2021): 71–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.15406/japlr.2021.10.00368.
Full textAbstract:
Objective: This study aims to prepare the taste-masked granules of Mirtazapine by mass extrusion technique and formulate it into an oral dispersible tablet using different super disintegrates. Methods: Taste masked granules of mirtazapine were prepared by mass extrusion technique using Eudragit EPO in different ratios. The drug-polymer ratio was optimized based on the percent drug release in SSF and SGF. Taste masking efficacy of drug-polymer complex was determined by developing the bitterness threshold value of Mirtazapine. The selected drug-polymer complex was formulated into an oro-dispersible tablet by direct compression method. A randomized design was used to investigate individual effect of three different super disintegrates each in different concentrations. Ten formulations were developed including a controlled formulation without the addition of superdisintegrants. A comparative study was done based on various pre-compression and post-compression parameters. Results: Eudragit EPO was able to mask the bitter taste of Mirtazapine effectively in 1:2 ratio by mass extrusion method. The minimum disintegration time and wetting time was found to be 13.6±2.7 and 18.13±0.24 seconds with the formulation containing crospovidone 5% (F9). It was found that the wetting time and disintegration time followed the order SSG>CCS>CPV. The selected best formulation was subjected to an incompatibility study design. The IR spectrum showed that all the excipients were chemically compatible. Conclusion: Thus, in this study unpalatable taste of Mirtazapine was masked using Eudragit EPO polymer by mass extrusion technique, and superdisintegrants were added to prepare orally disintegrating tablets of Mirtazapine. This research work suggests a rapid, simple and cost effective method for formulating Mirtazapine ODT.
9
Erol, H. "Characteristic equations of longitudinally vibrating rods carrying a tip mass and several viscously damped spring-mass systems in-span." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part C: Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science 218, no. 10 (2004): 1103–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/0954406042369134.
Full textAbstract:
This paper deals with the determination of two alternative approximate formulations for the frequency equation of a longitudinally vibrating fixed-free elastic rod carrying a tip mass (primary system) to which several spring-mass-damper systems (secondary systems) are attached in-span. The first approximate formulation presented in this study is based upon the assumed-mode method in conjunction with the Lagrange multiplier method. The result is a simple analytical formula for the characteristic equation of the system. Hence, the eigenfrequency parameters of the system are determined by solving this non-linear equation. In this method, the beam is treated as one component and the spring-mass-damper systems that are attached to the beam are treated as separate components. The dynamics of the beam and spring-mass-damper systems are initially expressed in terms of component modes; then the total system dynamics are evaluated by invoking the constraint equations that described the attachments of the spring-mass-damper system to the beam. Lagrange multipliers are used to include the constraint equations in the Lagrange equations of motion for the total system. The second form of the characteristic equation presented in this study follows directly from the formalism of the Lagrange equations where the displacements of the attachment points of the spring-mass-damper systems to the rod are expressed in terms of the generalized coordinates. This method is essentially based upon the classical Rayleigh-Ritz modal method. The formulation leads to a standard eigenvalue problem, the solution of which gives the eigenfrequency parameters of the system. Afterwards, for comparison purposes, ‘exact’ characteristic equations for one secondary system and two secondary systems are established separately via a boundary value problem formulation. All characteristic equations are then numerically solved for various combinations of physical parameters and the results are collected in tables. The comparison of the numerical results obtained via boundary value problem formulations justifies the approximate approaches used here.
10
Silva, O., J. Carrera, M. Dentz, S. Kumar, A. Alcolea, and M. Willmann. "A general real-time formulation for multi-rate mass transfer problems." Hydrology and Earth System Sciences 13, no. 8 (2009): 1399–411. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hess-13-1399-2009.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract. Many flow and transport phenomena, ranging from delayed storage in pumping tests to tailing in river or aquifer tracer breakthrough curves or slow kinetics in reactive transport, display non-equilibrium (NE) behavior. These phenomena are usually modeled by non-local in time formulations, such as multi-porosity, multiple processes non equilibrium, continuous time random walk, memory functions, integro-differential equations, fractional derivatives or multi-rate mass transfer (MRMT), among others. We present a MRMT formulation that can be used to represent all these models of non equilibrium. The formulation can be extended to non-linear phenomena. Here, we develop an algorithm for linear mass transfer, which is accurate, computationally inexpensive and easy to implement in existing groundwater or river flow and transport codes. We illustrate this approach by application to published data involving NE groundwater flow and solute transport in rivers and aquifers.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Mass formulation"
1
Cao, Su. "Development of a Mass-Conserving, Smooth Vorticity-Velocity Formulation for Chemically Reacting Flow Simulations." Thesis, Yale University, 2016. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10012444.
Full textAbstract:
<p> Diffusion flames exist in most practical combustors, and an accurate understanding of their structure is crucial to efficiency improvement and pollution suppression. A coflow laminar diffusion flame, which has well-defined boundary conditions, is the simplest configuration in which interactions between flow field and reactions can be readily modified and studied. Knowledge obtained from coflow laminar diffusion flames is not only of fundamental importance, but it also can facilitate the study of turbulent diffusion flames in practical industrial combustors.</p><p> In order to facilitate the computational investigation of laminar flames, a novel vorticityvelocity formulation of the Navier-Stokes equations — the Mass-Conserving, Smooth (MC-Smooth) vorticity-velocity formulation — is developed in this work. The governing equations of the MC-Smooth formulation include a new second-order Poisson-like elliptic velocity equation, along with the vorticity transport equation, the energy conservation equation, and N<sub>spec</sub> species mass balance equations. The MC-Smooth formulation is compared to two pre-existing vorticity-velocity formulations by applying each formulation to confined and unconfined axisymmetric laminar diffusion flame problems For both applications, very good to excellent agreement for the simulation results of the three formulations is obtained. The MC-Smooth formulation requires the least CPU time and can overcome the limitations of the other two pre-existing vorticity-velocity formulations by ensuring mass conservation and solution smoothness over a broader range of flow conditions. In addition to these benefits, other important features of the MC-Smooth formulation include: (1) it does not require the use of a staggered grid, and (2) it does not require excessive grid refinement to ensure mass conservation.</p><p> The MC-Smooth formulation is then applied to two groups of coflow laminar diffusion flames of great fundamental and practical significance. In the first application, the influences of fuel dilution, inlet velocity, and gravity on the shape and structure of methane-air coflow laminar diffusion flames are investigated. A series of nitrogen-diluted flames measured in the Structure and Liftoff in Combustion Experiment (SLICE) on board the International Space Station is assessed numerically under microgravity and normal gravity conditions with CH<sub>4</sub> mole fraction ranging from 0.4 to 1.0, inlet fuel velocity ranging from 23 to 90 cm/s, and inlet coflow velocity ranging from 16 to 65 cm/s. Very good agreement between computation and measurement is obtained, and the major conclusions are as follows.</p><p> 1. Buoyant and nonbuoyant luminous flame lengths are proportional to the mass flow rate of the fuel mixture. Computed and measured nonbuoyant flames are noticeably longer than their 1 g counterparts. The effect of fuel dilution on flame shape is negligible when the flame shape is normalized by the methane flow rate. 2. Increasing coflow velocity reduces the size of the luminous flame shape, and the size of the luminous flame shape will decrease faster when gravity is eliminated or inlet fuel velocity is larger. 3. Soot volume fraction is very sensitive to variations in gravitational acceleration, fuel stream dilution, and inlet fuel velocity. Eliminating buoyancy, increasing fuel concentration, or increasing inlet fuel velocity will broaden and lengthen the sooting region of the flame, increasing the peak soot volume fraction, and shift its location to the vicinity of the flame wing region.</p><p> In the second application, the influence of fuel dilution and pressure on the structure and geometry of methane-air coflow laminar diffusion flames is examined A series of methane-fueled, nitrogen-diluted flames is investigated both computationally and experimentally, with CH<sub>4</sub> mole fraction ranging from 0.50 to 0.65 and pressure ranging from 1.0 to 2.7 atm. For a broad spectrum of flames at atmospheric and elevated pressures, very good agreement between computation and measurement is obtained, and the major conclusions are as follows. (1) Maximum temperature increases monotonically with increasing CH<sub>4</sub> concentration or pressure, while the peak temperature along the centerline changes in a non-monotonic way with respect to pressure. (2) Flame radius at a given height decreases with pressure approximately as <i> r</i><sub>f</sub> ∝ <i>P</i><sup>-1/2</sup>, and modified flame length is roughly independent of pressure. (3) Inclusion of a soot model significantly reduces the peak temperature along the centerline, and its effects on the maximum temperature and flame geometry are minor.</p>
2
Rózek, Aleksandra. "Direct formulation of solid foods with grape phenolics: studies on mass transfer and antioxidant capacity." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/8568.
Full textAbstract:
El enriquecimiento de frutas y verduras con minerales, vitaminas o compuestos fisiológicamente activos de los que se deriven efectos potencialmente beneficiosos para la salud y la prevención de enfermedades, puede resultar crucial en el desarrollo de nuevos alimentos funcionales. Recientemente, los extractos de semillas y piel de uva se han convertido en un complemento nutricional muy extendido debido a su elevado contenido en compuestos fenólicos. Estos compuestos han mostrado ser altamente biodisponibles además de conferir excelentes beneficios para la salud. En los últimos años, la aplicación del tratamiento osmótico (TO) se ha propuesto como un método eficaz de introducir en el alimento cantidades controladas de los solutos presentes en la solución osmótica, deshidratándolo parcialmente.<br/>Un rango de alimentos sólidos enriquecidos con compuestos fenólicos de uva de diferentes fuentes fueron formulados mediante TO. Parámetros de proceso como la fuente y concentración de los compuestos fenólicos, la naturaleza y concentración de soluto osmo-activo en la solución osmótica, y la estructura del alimento fueron investigados. Además el efecto de un post-tratamiento tal como el secado convectivo en la estabilidad y la capacidad antioxidante de fenólicos de uva impregnados en el alimento tratado osmóticamente fue estudiado.<br/>Los resultados confirman que TO es la tecnología adecuada para explotación de geles alimenticios, frutas y verduras como matrices en las cuales los ingredientes funcionales pueden ser incorporados con éxito para proporcionar productos funcionales de humedad intermedia. El mosto concentrado de uva y extractos comerciales de semilla de uva y orujo de uva blanca fueron utilizados como suplementos nutricionales. Su alto contenido en compuestos fenólicos los hacen una fuente ideal de antioxidantes naturales.<br>The enrichment of fruits and vegetables with minerals, vitamins or physiologically active compounds that have potential benefits in terms of health maintenance and disease prevention may be a crucial way of developing new functional foods. Recently, extracts from grape seeds and skins have become a widespread nutritional supplement, because of their high content of phenolic compounds. These compounds have been shown to be highly bioavailable and to provide excellent health benefits. In the last few years, it has been suggested that osmotic treatment (OT) is a useful way of introducing controlled quantities of solution solutes into food and partially dehydrating it at the same time. <br/>A range of solid foods enriched with grape phenolics from several sources were formulated using OT. Process parameters such as the source and concentration of the phenolic compounds, the nature and concentration of the osmo-active solute in the osmotic solution, and the food structure were investigated. Moreover the effect of a post treatment such as convective air drying on the stability and antioxidant properties of the grape phenolics infused in the osmo-treated food was studied.<br/>The results confirm that OT is a suitable technology for the exploitation of jelly foods, fruits and vegetables as matrices into which functional ingredients can be successfully incorporated to provide novel functional products of intermediate moisture. Concentrated red grape must and commercial grape seed and white grape marc extracts were successfully used as nutritional supplements. Their high content in phenolic compounds makes them ideal sources of natural antioxidants.
3
Severholt, Josefine. "Generic 6-DOF Added Mass Formulation for Arbitrary Underwater Vehicles based on Existing Semi-Empirical Methods." Thesis, KTH, Marina system, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-211170.
Full textAbstract:
The KTH Maritime Robotics Lab is developing a simulation framework for experimental autonomous underwater vehicles in MATLAB and Simulink. This project has developed a formulation for added mass of the vehicle, to be implemented in this simulation frame-work. The requirements of the solution is that it should require low computational power, be a general formulation applicable on arbitrarily shaped vehicles and be veri-fied against literature. Different existing methods and formulations for primitive bodies have been investigated, and combining these methods has resulted in a simplified but adequate method for calculating the added mass of arbitrarily shaped hulls and control surfaces, that is easy to implement in the existing simulation framework. The method has been verified by calculating added mass coefficients for two existing vehicles, and comparing the values to the coefficients already calculated for the vehicles in question. Some limitations have been identified, such as the interaction effects between compo-nents of the vehicle not being taken into account. To determine the extent of the errors due to this simplification and to fully validate and verify the model, future work in the form of CFD calculations or experiments on added mass measurements need to be con-ducted. There is also an uncertainty in the calculation of the coupled coefficients m26 and m35, and results on these coefficients should be handled with care.
4
Young, Kuao-John. "A unified approach to the formulation of non-consistent rod and beam mass matrices for improved finite element modal analysis." Diss., This resource online, 1990. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-07282008-135633/.
Full text
5
Rodriguez-Sanchez, Nidia. "Hydration and fluid balance : studies on body composition, drink formulation and ageing." Thesis, University of Stirling, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/1893/25390.
Full textAbstract:
The thesis reports on 6 studies (2 of which were part of a multi-centre trial) examining hydration and fluid balance. The first study described in this thesis investigated the impact of hydration status on Dual energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) and other methods that are popular tools to determine body composition in athletes. We observed that it is important to ensure a euhydration when assessing body composition, particularly when considering changes associated with nutritional or exercise interventions. The second and third studies reported identified beverages that promote longer term fluid retention and maintenance of fluid balance in adults. We investigated the effects of 13 different commonly consumed drinks on urine output and fluid balance when ingested in a euhydrated state, with a view to establishing a beverage hydration index (BHI), i.e., the volume of urine produced after drinking expressed relative to a standard treatment (still water) for each beverage. The beverages with the highest BHI were oral rehydration solution, full fat milk and skimmed milk. BHI may be a useful measure to identify the short term hydration potential of different beverages when ingested in a euhydrated state. The fourth study aimed to systematically examine the influence of carbohydrate, sodium and caffeine content of beverages on the BHI. The BHI was greater in beverages with higher carbohydrate or higher sodium content, but not influenced by caffeine. The carbohydrate content of beverages has no effect on BHI at concentration up to 10% carbohydrate. Sodium content of beverages in concentrations of 27mmol/L and higher can improve the hydration potential of beverages. Caffeine doses in beverages up to 400mg/L do not have an impact upon diuresis when ingested in a euhydrated state. The fifth study compared net fluid balance (NFB) responses to the ingestion of commonly consumed drinks in young and older men. We observed that in young adults milk helps to maintain positive net fluid balance for longer than other drinks. In older adults this effect of milk is not observed despite similar net electrolyte balance responses. Future work should more fully explore these potential differences in fluid balance responses to drink ingestion between young and older adults. The final study investigated the hydration habits of Scottish young and older adults (+50 years old), identifying their fluid choices, volume, and preferences in relation to time of day. The results showed that 26.1% of the young females, 30.3% of the young males, 25.8% of the older females and 50.4% of the older males did not meet the European (EU) Food Safety Authority (EFSA) fluid intake recommendations. We also observed that the difference between those who met and those who did not meet the EFSA adequate intake could be attributed to differences in water ingestion, mainly during the mid-morning (after breakfast until 11 am) and during the early-afternoon (after lunch time up to 5 pm). It was concluded that these moments might be key when implementing interventions to improve hydration status especially in the older population.
6
Di, Stasio Jean. "The CD-Lagrange scheme, a robust explicit time-integrator for impact dynamics : A new singular mass formulation, and an extension to deformable-deformable contact." Thesis, Lyon, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021LYSEI029.
Full textAbstract:
Les pneumatiques sont complexes à simuler car les matériaux y sont hétérogènes, incompressibles et non-linéaires. De plus la géométrie descend jusqu’à l’échelle millimétrique pour les sculptures de la bande de roulement, ce qui requiert un maillage fin. Le modèle éléments finis présente donc un grand nombre de degrés de liberté, reliés par des équations non-linéaires. En dynamique, la simulation est d’autant plus compliquée avec des chocs. Néanmoins elle est cruciale dans le processus de conception pneumatique, où elle apporte une meilleur compréhension de la physique ceci sans tests réels. Les schémas explicites rendent possible les simulations de chocs, car ils résolvent facilement les non-linéarités avec un coup calcul bas. Associés à une formulation de contact précise , ils forment des schémas robustes, précis et efficaces pour la dynamique non-linéaire avec impacts. Ce travail vise à choisir et un tel schéma, et l’améliorer pour la simulation de chocs sur pneumatiques.La première partie est un benchmark identifiant le schéma CD-Lagrange. L’intégration temporelle est réalisée par le schéma de la différence centrée, et le contact imposé par multiplicateurs de Lagrange sur la vitesse. Deux possibilités d’amélioration sont identifiées. La première est d’atteindre un impact conservatif, seul instant où le schéma n’est pas symplectique. La seconde amélioration est d’étendre la formulation au contact déformable-déformable.La deuxième partie vise à atteindre la conservation de l’énergie à l’impact en adaptant la méthode de la masse singulière au CD-Lagrange. Une première formulation 1D est construite. Elle démontre une amélioration majeure du bilan d’énergie. Deux formulations 3D sont ensuite explorées.La troisième partie introduit les méthodes mortier dans le CD-Lagrange. Elles permettent de traiter un contact déformable-déformable de manière robuste, même en présence de friction et de grands glissements. Une technique d’accélération est proposée pour résoudre le problème de contact, ceci sans perte de précision<br>Tyres are complex structures to simulate. The materials are heterogeneous and incompressible with non-linear responses. The geometry goes to the millimetre scales for tread patterns. For a finite elements simulation a precise mesh is then required. The model has then a large number of degrees of freedom and non-linear material laws. In dynamics, the simulation becomes even more challenging especially with impacts. Nevertheless it is crucial in the tire design process because it brings a deeper comprehension of the tire and avoids test on real structures. The explicit time-integration make feasible the impact simulations. They handle easily the non-linearities with a very low computational cost for a time-step. Merged with a precise contact formulation, they form robust, accurate and efficient schemes for addressing impact simulations. This work aims to choose and improve an explicit scheme for non-linear dynamics with impacts. The first part is a benchmark for selecting a scheme and enhance its possibilities of improvement. The selected one is the CD-Lagrange: an explicit scheme based on central difference method, a contact enforcement by Lagrange multipliers, and a contact condition on velocity. Two mains improvements are identified and explored. Firstly, the energy conservation at impact would make the scheme symplectic for deformable bodies. Secondly the formulation must be enlarged to deformable–deformable contact. The second part aims then to achieve the conservation of energy by adapting the singular mass matrix to the CD-Lagrange. The formulation is firstly built in 1D, and shows a major improvement for the energy balance. Then two possible extensions are explored for the 3D cases. The third part presents the CD-Lagrange scheme with a mortar formulation for deformable-deformable contact. It handles with stability and accuracy large sliding and friction. An acceleration technique is proposed for solving the contact problem, without any loss of accuracy
7
Ara?jo, Pedro Alighiery Silva de. "Caracteriza??o de mat?rias-primas regionais e desenvolvimento de formula??es de massas cer?micas para porcelanato." Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, 2009. http://repositorio.ufrn.br:8080/jspui/handle/123456789/15571.
Full textAbstract:
Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T14:57:50Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1
PedroASA.pdf: 2341637 bytes, checksum: 41d7ef8b8439d7c4717a137b88eb2df8 (MD5)
Previous issue date: 2009-03-26<br>Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior<br>Initially concentrated in some poles at the South and Southeast regions of Brazil, the ceramic tiles industry became wide during the 80 s decade, with a disconcentration industrial and regional pulverization. The competitiveness in the ceramic tiles internal and external consumers markets, it has debtor the industries to invest in sophisticated products each time more, either in design or the technology, but, mainly, in its final properties. Amongst the diverse types of ceramic coating, the porcelanato if has detached had to its process of technological production and excellent characteristics techniques. The Porcelanato is currently the material for coatings that presents the best technical and aesthetic features when compared with others ceramics found on the market. The chemical composition and the others raw materials characteristics have an importance that must to be ally to the inherent characteristics of fabrication process, essentially those related to the cycle of burning. This work had as purpose to develop formularizations of ceramic mass for production of porcelanato without glass coating, pertaining to the group BIa (text of absorption of water ≤ 0.5%) and with resistance superior mechanics 35MPa from raw materials characterized. The ceramic raw materials selected to the development of this study (A1 and A2 clays, feldspate, talc and quartz) were submitted to the following tests: X-ray fluorescence - chemical analysis determination; X-ray diffraction - Analysis of the stages mineralogics; Laser granulometry - size distribution of particles; and Differential thermal analysis - thermal behavior. Were performed tests of absorption of water, lineal retraction of it burns, apparent specific mass and rupture tension the flexing. The results had evidenced that the formularizations that had the A1 clay and talc on its composition were efficient for the porcelanato production remaining their technological characteristics inside of the intervals of variation desired by the Norms of the ABNT<br>Inicialmente concentrada em alguns p?los de produ??o nas regi?es Sul e Sudeste do Brasil, a ind?stria de cer?mica para revestimento ampliou-se na d?cada de 80, com um processo de desconcentra??o industrial e pulveriza??o regional. A competitividade nos mercados consumidores interno e externo de revestimento cer?mico tem obrigado as ind?strias a investir em produtos cada vez mais sofisticados, seja no design ou na tecnologia, mas, principalmente, nas suas propriedades finais. Dentre os diversos tipos de revestimento cer?mico, o porcelanato tem se destacado devido ao seu processo de produ??o tecnol?gico e excelentes caracter?sticas t?cnicas. O porcelanato ? atualmente o material para revestimentos que apresenta as melhores caracter?sticas t?cnicas e est?ticas quando comparado com os demais materiais cer?micos encontradas no mercado. A composi??o qu?mica e demais caracter?sticas das mat?rias-primas assume uma import?ncia fundamental que deve ser aliada ?s caracter?sticas inerentes ao processo de fabrica??o, essencialmente aqueles relacionados com o ciclo de queima. Este trabalho teve como finalidade desenvolver formula??es de massa cer?mica para produ??o de porcelanato sem vidrado, pertencente ao grupo BIa (teor de absor??o de ?gua ≤ 0,5%) e com resist?ncia mec?nica superior a 35 MPa a partir das mat?rias-primas caracterizadas. As mat?rias-primas cer?micas selecionadas para o desenvolvimento deste trabalho (argila A1, argila A2, caulim, feldspato, talco e quartzo) foram submetidas aos seguintes ensaios: fluoresc?ncia de raios X determina??o da an?lise qu?mica; difra??o de raios X an?lise das fases mineral?gicas; granulometria a laser distribui??o do tamanho de part?culas; e an?lise t?rmica diferencial comportamento t?rmico. Foram realizados ensaios de absor??o de ?gua, retra??o linear de queima, massa espec?fica aparente e tens?o de ruptura ? flex?o. Os resultados obtidos evidenciaram que as formula??es que cont?m a argila A1 e o talco em sua composi??o foram eficazes para a produ??o de porcelanato mantendo suas caracter?sticas tecnol?gicas dentro dos intervalos de varia??o desejadas pelas Normas da ABNT
8
Pinto, Rog?rio C?sar de Almeida. "Estudo de formula??o de massa para aplica??o em placas cer?micas." Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, 2010. http://repositorio.ufrn.br:8080/jspui/handle/123456789/15642.
Full textAbstract:
Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T14:58:06Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1
RogerioCAP_DISSERT.pdf: 2453474 bytes, checksum: fb99d0d9567bd4529ff9de7138566071 (MD5)
Previous issue date: 2010-12-17<br>The sector of civil construction is strongly related to the red ceramic industry. This sector uses clay as raw material for manufacturing of various products such as ceramic plates. In this study, two types of clay called clay 1 and clay 2 were collected on deposit in Ielmo Marinho city (RN) and then characterized by thermogravimetric analysis (TG/DTG), differential thermal analysis (DTA), X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray fluorescence (XRF), rational analysis and particle size distribution and dilatometric analyses. Ceramic plates were manufactured by uniaxial pressing and by extrusion. The plates obtained by pressing were produced from the four formulations called 1, 2, 3 and 4, which presented, respectively, the following proportions by mass: 66.5% clay 1 and 33.5% clay 2, 50% clay 1 and 50% clay 2, 33.5% clay 1 and 66.5% clay 2, 25% clay 1 and 75% clay 2. After firing at 850, 950 and 1050 ?C with heating rate of 10 ?C/min and soaking time of 30 minutes, the following technological properties were determined: linear firing shrinkage, water absorption, apparent porosity, apparent specific mass and tensile strength (3 points). The formulation containing 25% clay 1 produced plates with most satisfactory results of water absorption and mechanical resistance, because of that it was chosen for manufacturing plates by extrusion. A single firing cycle was established for these plates, which took place as follow: heating rate of 2 ?C/min up to 600 ?C with soaking time of 60 minutes, followed by heating using the same rate up to 1050 ?C with soaking time of 30 minutes. After this cycle, the same technological properties investigated in the plates obtained by pressing were determined. The results indicate (according to NRB 13818/1997) that the plates obtained by pressing from the mixture containing 25 wt% clay 1, after firing at 1050 ?C, reach the specifications for semi-porous coating (BIIb). On the other hand, the plates obtained by extrusion were classified as semi-stoneware (group AIIa)<br>O setor de constru??o civil est? fortemente relacionado ? ind?stria de cer?mica. Esse setor utiliza a argila como mat?ria-prima para fabrica??o de diversos produtos como, por exemplo, placas cer?micas. Neste estudo, dois tipos de argila, que receberam a denomina??o de argila 1 e 2, foram coletados em jazida localizada no munic?pio de Ielmo Marinho (RN) e caracterizados por an?lise termogravim?trica (TG/DrTG), an?lise t?rmica diferencial (DTA), difratometria de raios X (DRX), fluoresc?ncia de raios X (FRX), an?lise racional e an?lises de distribui??o de tamanho de part?cula (DTP) e dilatom?trica (AD). Placas cer?micas foram fabricadas por prensagem uniaxial e extrus?o. As placas conformadas por prensagem foram produzidas a partir de quatro formula??es denominadas 1, 2, 3 e 4, as quais apresentavam, respectivamente, as seguintes propor??es em massa: 66,5 % de argila 1 e 33,5% de argila 2, 50% de argila 1 e 50% de argila 2, 33,5% de argila 1 e 66,5% de argila 2 e 25% de argila 1 e 75% de argila 2. Ap?s queima a 850, 950 e 1050 ?C, com taxa de aquecimento de 10 ?C/min e isoterma de 30 minutos, foram determinadas as seguintes propriedades tecnol?gicas: retra??o linear de queima, absor??o de ?gua, porosidade aparente, massa espec?fica aparente e tens?o de ruptura ? flex?o. A formula??o com 25% de argila 1 produziu placas com resultados mais satisfat?rios de absor??o de ?gua e resist?ncia mec?nica e desta forma foi a selecionada para conforma??o das placas por extrus?o. Um ?nico ciclo de queima foi estabelecido para essas placas, o qual ocorreu da seguinte forma: taxa de aquecimento de 2 ?C/min at? 600 ?C, com isoterma de 60 minutos, seguido de aquecimento a mesma taxa at? 1050 ?C, com isoterma de 30 minutos. Ap?s esse ciclo, foram determinadas as mesmas propriedades tecnol?gicas das placas conformadas por prensagem. Os resultados indicam, conforme a NBR 13818/1997, que as placas conformadas por prensagem a partir da formula??o contendo 25% em massa da argila 1, ap?s queima a 1050 ?C, atingem as especifica??es para revestimento semi-poroso (BIIb); e aquelas conformadas por extrus?o atendem ?s exig?ncias para serem classificadas como revestimento semi-gr?s (grupo AIIa)
9
Rajaomazava, III Tolotra Emerry. "Dynamique d'un hydrofoil dans un fluide visqueux : algorithmes de couplage en IFS et application." Thesis, Brest, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014BRES0062/document.
Full textAbstract:
Le travail engagé dans cette thèse porte sur l'étude numérique des Interactions Fluide-structure en hydrodynamique. Dans une première partie, une analyse détaillée des méthodes de couplage (schémas décalés) a été effectuée sur un cas académique. Il s'agit de la résolution de l'équation non-linéaire de Burgers dans un domaine mobile, dont I'interface mobile est représentée par un système de type masse ressort. Selon la discrétisation en temps et la linéarisation du problème couplé, on distingue quatre schémas de couplages différents : explicite, semi-implicite, implicite-externe et implicite-interne. Une étude comparative des performances en vitesse de convergence et en temps de calcul de ces schémas a été effectuée. Les performances varient suivant le schéma de couplage utilisé. Le schéma explicite permet un calcul rapide en comparaison des autres schémas. En revanche il n'assure pas la conservation de l'énergie mécanique à I'interface fluide-structure. D'où le problème de stabilité du schéma numérique. Ce problème ne se pose pas pour les algorithmes de couplage implicites, car dans ce cas la conservation de l'énergie à I'interface est assurée. Il s'agit en effet d'une condition de convergence du schéma implicite. Ce schéma requière plus de temps de calcul, mais il est nécessaire pour avoir plus de précision dans les résultats. Par ailleurs, I'analyse des déplacements de I'interface fluide-structure montre que l'écart entre la position de I'interface comme étant le bord mobile du fluide et la position de la structure, dépend principalement du schéma d'actualisation du maillage choisi.Dans une deuxième partie une extension de l'étude des algorithmes de couplage à un problème plus concret d'IFS est effectuée. Un hydrofoil en pilonnement et tangage est ainsi étudié. L'équation de la dynamique de I'hydrofoil est écrite en considérant un centre de rotation situé à une distance non nulle du centre de gravité.Ce qui rend l'équation non-linéaire et introduit un couplage des deux modes pilonnement et tangage) ainsi qu'un amortissement du tangage. La dynamique de I'hydrofoil est étudiée pour différentes configurations : en mouvement libre ou forcé, dans un fluide au repos ou en écoulement. On observe que le mouvement de I'hydrofoil est pseudo périodique amorti. L'évolution des charges hydrodynamiques suit également cette tendance et tend vers un point d'équilibre. L'étude vibratoire montre bien une modification des fréquences propres du système, qui varient suivant que le fluide est au repos ou en écoulement. Le problème est également couplé à l'équation de la position du centre de pression, qui dépend de la position de I'hydrofoil et de l'écoulement. Celle-ci présente une singularité lorsque la portance et la traînée s'annulent simultanément.Enfin Les équations prenant en compte la présence d'un fluide non-homogène à I'interface fluide-structure, du type des écoulements cavitants par poche stationnaire ou auto-oscillante, ont été développés. La méthode consiste à séparer les variables du fluide en écoulement autour d'un hydrofoil immobile d'une part et celles de l'écoulement généré par la vibration de I'hydrofoil d'autre part. Il en résulte un opérateur de masse ajoutée non symétrique en milieu non homogène et un opérateur d'amortissement ajouté dû au taux de variations de masse volumique à l’interface dans le cas auto-oscillant. L'ensemble se traduit par une modulation au cours du temps des fréquences propres et des amplitudes du système<br>A numerical study of Fluid Structure Interaction (FSI) in hydrodynamic case is adressed in this thesis. Thirstly, the analysis of coupling methods (staggered schemes) was established to an academic case. It corresponds to the resolution of non linear Burgers equation in a moving domain where the moving interface is assimilated to a mass spring system. According to the time discretisation and linearization of the coupled problem, four coupling scheme can be defined : explicit, semi-implicit, implicit-outer and implicit-inner. A comparative performance study in convergence and computing time were performed. The performance depends on the coupling scheme used. The explicit scheme requires less time compared to the others schemes. However it does not allow the mechanical energy conservation at the interface, inducing the stability issue of the numerical scheme. This instabilities does not arise for the implicit coupling algorithms because the energy conservation at the interface is fulfilled. lndeed, a convergence condition is added for implicit schemes. Even though these schemes require more computing time, they are necessary to get better precision. Inter alia, the fluid-structure interface analysis shows that the gap between the interface taken as the moving boundary and the structure position mostly depends on the actualization scheme of the chosen mesh.In the second part, the coupling algorithm study is extended to physical problem of FSI. A hydrofoil in heave and pitch immersed in a fluid flow is then studied. The equation of hydrofoil movement takes account the distance between the rotation center and the center of gravity. This causes the equation to be nonlinear and introduces a coupling of the two movements (heave and pitch) and a damping of the heave movement. The hydrofoil dynamic is studied for different configurations : forced movements or not, immersed in a fluid at rest or a flowing one. It shows that the hydrofoil movement is pseudo-periodic followed by a damping movement. The hydrodynamic forces tend to follow the same evolution and converge to an equilibrium point. The vibration study clearly shows a frequency modification of the system that depends on the fluid flow (at rest or with an inflow). The problem is also coupled to center of pressure position's equation which depends on the hydrofoil position and the fluid flow. The trend of the position presents a singularity when the lift and drag coefficients vanishes at the same time.Last part, the equation that take into account the inhomogeneous characteristic of the fluid at the fluid-structure interface as well as sheet cavitation in steady or unsteady case, was developed. The method allows the separation of the fluid variables when flowing around the fixed hydrofoil on one hand and the flow generated by the hydrofoil vibration one the other. This introduces an asymmetric added mass operator and an added damping operation due to the variation of the density of the fluid at the interface in unsteady case.The whole system results in a natural frequencies and amplitudes modulation over time
10
Nouri, Moudhaffar. "Simulation numérique directe des transferts de chaleur et de masse dans les milieux hétérogènes Enthalpic lattice Boltzmann formulation for unsteady heat conduction in heterogeneous media." Thesis, université Paris-Saclay, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020UPASC032.
Full textAbstract:
La caractérisation des milieux hétérogènes est au coeur de l'efficacité énergétique. De nous jours, le recours à la simulation numérique est en plein développement pour se substituer partiellement au travail expérimental fastidieux requis pour la caractérisation. Pour cela, la théorie de changement d'échelle (upscaling) permet de représenter les transferts thermiques et massiques à une échelle macroscopique, un milieu fictif qui masque les hétérogénéités, par des propriétés effectives. L'ensemble ces méthodes classiques supposent la présence d'un équilibre local entre les différentes phases de milieu. Cette hypothèse est mise en défaut pour plusieurs configurations pourtant assez courantes en pratique (milieux hétérogènes à propriétés thermophysiques contrastées, structuration en phase conductrice et phase de stockage...). D'autres approches telles que la modélisation multiéchelle ou le modèle macroscopique avec effet mémoire sont nécessaires . Au-delà de ces modèles qui restent limités à certaines morphologies/propriétés, la modélisation à l'échelle de l'hétérogénéité par la simulation numérique directe (DNS) est une méthode très générique applicable pour n'importe quel milieu hétérogène, dans la limite de la taille accessible avec les outils actuels (imagerie 3D et ressources de calcul).Ce travail de thèse s'inscrit dans cette voie et propose un ensemble de travaux menés à l'échelle des hétérogénéités pour étudier les phénomènes de transfert thermique et massique. Pour l'étude des phénomènes de transfert thermique isolé, la méthode émergente Lattice Boltzmann (LBM) a été choisie. Cette méthode est connue pour sa facilité de programmation et son aptitude au calcul haute performance. Cependant, sa version thermique standard (Thermal Lattice Boltzmann-TLBM) est incapable de traiter le transfert thermique transitoire avec différentes inerties thermiques des phases du milieu. Deux méthodes sont proposées afin de l'étendre pour ce cas. Le premier modèle se base sur une correction par l'ajout d'un terme source fonction des différentes inerties des phases du milieu. Ce terme est exprimé sous la forme d'un flux thermique et discrétisé par différences finies. Dans la même démarche, un deuxième modèle a été développé afin de conserver les propriétés de la localité de la méthode LBM. Un schéma LBM modifié est proposé pour prendre en compte l'inertie thermique locale sans aucune modification de la structure de la méthode autre que l'introduction d'une deuxième fonction de distribution à une seule composante.Pour les transferts couplés multiphysiques chaleur/masse/quantité de mouvement en milieux complexes, on a choisi de travailler avec la méthode des volumes finis connue par sa fiabilité et sa robustesse. La formulation développée est basée sur les équations de Navier-Stokes en présence des phénomènes de transfert couplé : écoulement de mélange, changement de phase, sorption, conduction thermique et diffusion massique. Il s'agit donc d'une formulation très complète. Des techniques de résolution adaptées à la forte non-linéarité et au couplage du système discrétisé sont utilisées. Le solveur ILU-BiCGStab et la méthode de relaxation ont été utilisés pour assurer une résolution stable et efficace du système d'équations.Un exemple de résolution est proposé à la fin du manuscrit. Ce travail est donc prêt pour tirer parti des derniers progrès en science des matériaux, tant sur les fabuleuses possibilités imagerie 3D que sur la puissance du calcul haute performance (HPC)<br>The characterization of heterogeneous media is at the heart of energy efficiency. Nowadays, the use of numerical simulation is in full development to partially replace the tedious experimental work required for characterization. The theory of upscaling makes it possible to study heat and mass transfers on a macroscopic scale masking heterogeneities by using fictitious parameters called effective properties. All these classical methods assume the presence of local equilibrium between the different phases of the medium. Yet, The validity of this hypothesis is not assured for several configurations that are quite common in practice (heterogeneous media with contrasting thermophysical properties, structuring in conductive and storage phases, etc.). Commonly, other approaches, such as multi-scale modeling or macroscopic model with memory effects, are used for these cases. Beyond these models which remain limited to certain morphologies/properties, heterogeneity scale modeling by direct numerical simulation (DNS) is a universal method applicable for any heterogeneous media, within the limit of the size accessible with current tools (3D imaging and computational resources).This thesis work is in line with this approach and proposes a set of works carried out on the scale of heterogeneities to study heat and mass transfer phenomena. For the study of isolated heat transfer phenomena, the emerging Lattice Boltzmann (LB) method was chosen. This method is known for its facility of programming and its suitability for high-performance computing. However, its standard thermal version (Thermal Lattice Boltzmann-TLBM) is unable to deal with transient heat transfer with heterogeneity of the thermal inertias of the medium phases. Two methods are proposed to extend it for this case. The first LB model is based on a correction by adding a source term depending on the different inertias of the phases of the medium. This term is expressed in the form of a thermal flux and discritized by finite differences. In the same approach, a second model has been developed in order to preserve the locality properties of the LB method. A modified LB balance is proposed to take into account the local thermal inertia without any modification to the structure of the method other than the introduction of a second one-component distribution function.For coupled multiphysical heat/mass/momentum transfers in complex media, the finite volume method, known for its reliability and robustness, has been chosen. The formulation developed is based on Navier-Stokes equations in the presence of coupled transfer phenomena: mixing flow, phase change, sorption, thermal and mass diffusion. It is therefore a very comprehensive formulation. Solving techniques adapted to the strong non-linearity and coupling of the discretized system are used. The ILU-BiCGStab solver and the relaxation method were used to ensure a stable and efficient resolution of the system of equations.A sample resolution is provided at the end of the manuscript. This work is therefore ready to take advantage of the latest advances in materials science, both in terms of the fabulous 3D imaging possibilities and the power of High Performance Computing (HPC)
Books on the topic "Mass formulation"
1
The formulation of effective nonproliferation policy: Hearings before the Committee on Foreign Relations, United States Senate, One Hundred Sixth Congress, second session, March 21, 23, 28, 30, 2000. U.S. G.P.O., 2000.
Find full text
2
Goldman, Rhonda N., and Leslie S. Greenberg. Case formulation in emotion-focused therapy: Co-creating clinical maps for change. American Psychological Association, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/14523-000.
Full text
3
Tonusree, Basu, Bhatnagar Stuti, and Foundation for Universal Responsibility. Women in Security, Conflict Management and Peace., eds. Formulating discourses: The media and India-Pakistan relations : fifth Annual Conflict Transformation Workshop 2006. Women in Security, Conflict Management and Peace, Foundation for Universal Responsibility of His Holiness the Dalai Lama, 2007.
Find full text
4
Maggiore, Michele. Properties of dynamical space-times. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198570899.003.0004.
Full textAbstract:
An introduction to advanced tools of General Relativity, later used in the study of binary black-hole coalescences. Hamiltonian formulation of General Relativity, ADM mass and angular momentum, irreducible black-hole mass, Newman-Penrose scalars and gravitational radiation.
5
Peskin, Michael E. Concepts of Elementary Particle Physics. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198812180.001.0001.
Full textAbstract:
This is a textbook of elementary particle physics whose goal is to explain the Standard Model of particle interactions. Part I introduces the basic concepts governing high-energy particle physics: elements of relativity and quantum field theory, the quark model of hadrons, methods for detection and measurement of elementary particles, methods for calculating predictions for observable quantitites. Part II builds up our understanding of the strong interaction from the key experiments to the formulation of Quantum Chromodynamics and its application to the description of evetns at the CERN Large Hadron Collider. Part III build up our understanding of the weak interaction from the key experiments to the formulation of spontaneously broken gauge theories. It then describes the tests and extensions of this theory, including the precision study of the W and Z bosons, CP violation, neutrino mass, and the Higgs boson.
6
Prussing, John E. Optimal Trajectories. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198811084.003.0005.
Full textAbstract:
Optimal trajectories are analysed, covering both constant- and variable-specific-impulse cases. Primer vector is defined and illustrated. The first-order necessary conditions for an optimal constant-specific-impulse (CSI) trajectory were first derived by Lawden using classical Calculus of Variations. Variable-specific-impulse rocket engines are discussed with the cost functional for a VSI engine. In the derivation that follows, an Optimal Control Theory formulation is used, but the derivation is similar to that of Lawden. One difference is that the mass is not defined as a state variable, but is kept track of indirectly.
7
Case Formulation in Emotion-Focused Therapy: Co-Creating Clinical Maps for Change. American Psychological Association, 2014.
Find full text
8
Horing, Norman J. Morgenstern. Graphene. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198791942.003.0012.
Full textAbstract:
Chapter 12 introduces Graphene, which is a two-dimensional “Dirac-like” material in the sense that its energy spectrum resembles that of a relativistic electron/positron (hole) described by the Dirac equation (having zero mass in this case). Its device-friendly properties of high electron mobility and excellent sensitivity as a sensor have attracted a huge world-wide research effort since its discovery about ten years ago. Here, the associated retarded Graphene Green’s function is treated and the dynamic, non-local dielectric function is discussed in the degenerate limit. The effects of a quantizing magnetic field on the Green’s function of a Graphene sheet and on its energy spectrum are derived in detail: Also the magnetic-field Green’s function and energy spectrum of a Graphene sheet with a quantum dot (modelled by a 2D Dirac delta-function potential) are thoroughly examined. Furthermore, Chapter 12 similarly addresses the problem of a Graphene anti-dot lattice in a magnetic field, discussing the Green’s function for propagation along the lattice axis, with a formulation of the associated eigen-energy dispersion relation. Finally, magnetic Landau quantization effects on the statistical thermodynamics of Graphene, including its Free Energy and magnetic moment, are also treated in Chapter 12 and are seen to exhibit magnetic oscillatory features.
9
White, Harry. The Musical Discourse of Servitude. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190903879.001.0001.
Full textAbstract:
The Musical Discourse of Servitude examines the music of Johann Joseph Fux (ca. 1660–1741) in relation to that of Johann Sebastian Bach and George Frideric Handel. Its principal argument is that Fux’s long indenture as a composer of church music in Vienna gains in meaning (and cultural significance) when situated along an axis that runs between the liturgical servitude of writing music for the imperial court service and the autonomy of musical imagination which transpires in the late works of Bach and Handel. To this end, The Musical Discourse of Servitude constructs a typology of the late Baroque musical imagination which draws Fux, Bach, and Handel into the orbit of North Italian compositional practice. This typology depends on two primary concepts, both of which derive and dissent from Lydia Goehr’s formulation of the “work-concept” in The Imaginary Museum of Musical Works (1992), namely, the “authority concept” and a revised reading of the “work-concept” itself. Both concepts are engaged through the agency of two musical genres—the oratorio and the Mass ordinary—which Fux shared with Handel and Bach respectively. These genres functioned as conservative norms in Fux’s music (most of Fux’s working life was spent in writing for the church service), but they are very differently engaged by Bach and Handel. To establish a continuity between Fux, Bach and Handel, and between the servitude of common practice and the emerging autonomy of a work-based practice in the early eighteenth-century musical imagination are the principal objectives of this study.
10
Sever, Mehmet Şükrü, and Raymond Vanholder. Acute kidney injury in polytrauma and rhabdomyolysis. Edited by Norbert Lameire. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199592548.003.0252_update_001.
Full textAbstract:
The term ‘polytrauma’ refers to blunt (or crush) trauma that involves multiple body regions or cavities, and compromises physiology to potentially cause dysfunction of uninjured organs. Polytrauma frequently affects muscles resulting in rhabdomyolysis. In daily life, it mostly occurs after motor vehicle accidents, influencing a limited number of patients; after mass disasters, however, thousands of polytrauma victims may present at once with only surgical features or with additional medical complications (crush syndrome). Among the medical complications, acute kidney injury (AKI) deserves special mention, since it is frequent and has a substantial impact on the ultimate outcome.Several factors play a role in the pathogenesis of polytrauma (or crush)-induced AKI: (1) hypoperfusion of the kidneys, (2) myoglobin-induced direct nephrotoxicity, and intratubular obstruction, and also (3) several other mechanisms (i.e. iron and free radical-induced damage, disseminated intravascular coagulation, and ischaemia reperfusion injury). Crush-related AKI is prerenal at the beginning; however, acute tubular necrosis may develop eventually. In patients with crush syndrome, apart from findings of trauma, clinical features may include (but are not limited to) hypotension, oliguria, brownish discoloration of urine, and other symptoms and findings, such as sepsis, acute respiratory distress syndrome, disseminated intravascular coagulation, bleeding, cardiac failure, arrhythmias, electrolyte disturbances, and also psychological trauma.In the biochemical evaluation, life-threatening hyperkalaemia, retention of uraemic toxins, high anion gap metabolic acidosis, elevated serum levels of myoglobin, and muscle enzymes are noted; creatine phosphokinase is very useful for diagnosing rhabdomyolysis.Early fluid administration is vital to prevent crush-related AKI; the rate of initial fluid volume should be 1000 mL/hour. Overall, 3–6 L are administered within a 6-hour period considering environmental, demographic and clinical features, and urinary response to fluids. In disaster circumstances, the preferred fluid formulation is isotonic saline because of its ready availability. Alkaline (bicarbonate-added) hypotonic saline may be more useful, especially in isolated cases not related to disaster, as it may prevent intratubular myoglobin, and uric acid plugs, metabolic acidosis, and also life-threatening hyperkalaemia.In the case of established acute tubular necrosis, dialysis support is life-saving. Although all types of dialysis techniques may be used, intermittent haemodialysis is the preferred modality because of medical and logistic advantages. Close follow-up and appropriate treatment improve mortality rates, which may be as low as 15–20% even in disaster circumstances. Polytrauma victims after mass disasters deserve special mention, because crush syndrome is the second most frequent cause of death after trauma. Chaos, overwhelming number of patients, and logistical drawbacks often result in delayed, and sometimes incorrect treatment. Medical and logistical disaster preparedness is useful to improve the ultimate outcome of disaster victims.
Book chapters on the topic "Mass formulation"
1
Reddy, P. Parvatha. "Mass Production, Formulation, Delivery and Commercialization." In Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria for Horticultural Crop Protection. Springer India, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-81-322-1973-6_5.
Full text
2
Rajeshwari, R., and Vikram Appanna. "Mass Production and Formulation of Antagonists." In Biopesticides in Horticultural Crops. CRC Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003243427-20.
Full text
3
Rajeshwari, R., and Vikram Appanna. "Mass Production and Formulation of Entomopathogens." In Biopesticides in Horticultural Crops. CRC Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003243427-22.
Full text
4
Joardder, Mohammad U. H., Washim Akram, and Azharul Karim. "Numerical Model Formulation and Solution Approaches." In Heat and Mass Transfer Modelling During Drying. CRC Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9780429461040-4.
Full text
5
Bruner de Miranda, Luiz, Fernando Pinheiro Andutta, Björn Kjerfve, and Belmiro Mendes de Castro Filho. "Hydrodynamic Formulation: Mass and Salt Conservation Equations." In Fundamentals of Estuarine Physical Oceanography. Springer Singapore, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-3041-3_7.
Full text
6
Fritz, Bradley K., W. Clint Hoffmann, and Daniel E. Martin. "Mass Balance and Swath Displacement Evaluations from Agricultural Application Field Trials." In Pesticide Formulation and Delivery Systems: 38th Volume, Innovative Application, Formulation, and Adjuvant Technologies. ASTM International, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1520/stp161020170204.
Full text
7
Malys, Brian, Steve Rumbelow, and Jason Wall. "Imaging of Dicamba Using Laser Ablation Electrospray Ionization Mass Spectrometry in Cabbage Leaves." In Pesticide Formulation and Delivery Systems: 40th Volume, Formulation, Application and Adjuvant Innovation. ASTM International, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1520/stp162720190121.
Full text
8
Nardini, D., and C. A. Brebbia. "Boundary Integral Formulation of Mass Matrices for Dynamic Analysis." In Time-dependent and Vibration Problems. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-29651-6_7.
Full text
9
Nardini, D., and C. A. Brebbia. "Boundary Integral Formulation of Mass Matrices for Dynamic Analysis." In Time-dependent and Vibration Problems. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-82398-5_7.
Full text
10
Jiang, Xiaoya, Jing Li, Fan Zeng, Qiong Yang, and Huijuan Yu. "Curb Vehicle Mass Target Formulation Based on Regression Analysis." In Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering. Springer Singapore, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-9718-9_59.
Full textConference papers on the topic "Mass formulation"
1
Tournoux, Pierre-Ugo, Vania Conan, Jon Crowcroft, Jeremie Leguay, Marcelo Dias de Amorim, and Farid Benbadis. "Wardrop Equilibrium Formulation of Resource-Constrained DTN Routing in Public Safety Networks." In 2011 IEEE 8th International Conference on Mobile Ad-Hoc and Sensor Systems (MASS). IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/mass.2011.118.
Full text
2
Khan, M. M., G. Zatzman, and M. R. Islam. "The Formulation of a Comprehensive Mass and Energy Balance Equation." In ASME 2008 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2008-69171.
Full textAbstract:
Nanotechnologies are considered to be the driver of the Information-Age engineering. Recent discoveries in practically all aspects of engineering developments indicate that properties at nano-levels are starkly different from properties at bulk levels. These discoveries signal great potentials for nanotechnologies that can revolutionize all technologies, ranging from medicine to energy. However, the same discoveries also point to the fact that conventional laws and theories that have enjoyed long-standing confidence of the scientific community do not apply to nanotechnologies. In absence of such laws that describe nano-scale phenomena, it is difficult if not impossible to predict long-term impacts of nanotechnologies. This paper presents a comprehensive formulation of mass and energy balance equations. This formulation gives rise to a unique set of equations that apply to both nano- and bulk scale natural phenomena. The formulation is based on momentum balance, which is preserved at all scales, ranging from cosmic to nano- and even the inter-atomic level. Although Newton posited gravitation as a universally acting force, we now know that electromagnetic forces predominate in matter at the nano or inter-atomic level. Electromagnetic forces, like frictional forces, however, can exist and persist without ever having been externally applied. Reasoning thus “by exhaustion”, Newton’s Three Laws of Motion plus the principle of universal gravitation are actually special cases of “something else”. That “something else” is far more general, viz., the universal preservation of mass-energy balance and conservation of momentum. The connecting element of this universal balance is that motion is the mode of existence of all matter. This renders time a characteristic of matter itself within the overall context of mass-energy-momentum conservation. In other words, time ceases to be mainly or only a derivative of some spatial displacement of matter. In this way, it becomes possible at last to treat time, consistently, as a true fourth dimension — and no longer as merely the independent variable. This description is consistent with Einstein’s revolutionary relativity theory, but does not rely on Maxwell’s equations as the starting point. The resulting equation is shown to be continuous in time, thereby allowing transition from mass to energy. As a result a single governing equation emerges. This equation is solved for a number of cases and is shown to be successful in discerning between various natural and artificial sources of mass and energy. With this equation, the difference between chemical and organic fertilizers, microwave and wood stove heating, and sunlight and fluorescent light can be made with unprecedented clarity. By applying this equation, a complete pathway analysis of nanomaterials is made and it is shown that engineering at nano-scale will have long-term impacts. This analysis would not be possible with conventional techniques. Finally, analysis results are shown for a number of energy- and material-related prospects.
3
Jost, Christian, Bastian Knippschild, Carsten Urbach, and Falk Zimmerman. "Testing the stochastic LapH method in the twisted mass formulation." In 31st International Symposium on Lattice Field Theory LATTICE 2013. Sissa Medialab, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.22323/1.187.0437.
Full text
4
Voskov, D. V., and H. A. Tchelepi. "Tie-simplex-based Nonlinear Solver for Mass-variables Compositional Formulation." In ECMOR XIII - 13th European Conference on the Mathematics of Oil Recovery. EAGE Publications BV, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.3997/2214-4609.20143218.
Full text
5
Boudebous, S., and Z. Nemouchi. "Heat transfer by unsteady laminar mixed convection in 2-D ventilated enclosures using the vorticity-stream function formulation." In HEAT AND MASS TRANSFER 2006. WIT Press, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.2495/ht060041.
Full text
6
Koupaei, Ali M., Sushanta K. Mitra, and Marc Secanell. "Numerical Modelling of Mass Transfer Through Micro and Nano Capillaries." In ASME 2010 8th International Conference on Nanochannels, Microchannels, and Minichannels collocated with 3rd Joint US-European Fluids Engineering Summer Meeting. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fedsm-icnmm2010-30910.
Full textAbstract:
Multicomponent mass transport in the micro/nano scale is one of the most important phenomena in many engineering processes such as fuel cells. Therefore, a through understanding of the underlying physics and modeling techniques for mass transport is of crucial importance. According to Kerkhof et al. [1], due to the approximations made in the derivation of the classic transport equations for diffusion-convective dominated problems, the commonly used approach of modeling these problems by the Maxwell-Stefan and Navier-Stokes equations results in trends that are contrary to experiments even for elementary problems like gaseous counter diffusion in capillaries. A new formulation to model molecular fluid transport in multi component systems is then presented. The main aim of this study is to develop a combined experimental-numerical program to study the validity of the classical and the proposed formulations. We discuss the development of an in-house written C/C++ Object Oriented program that solves the classical and recently presented formulation numerically.
7
Friess, Christophe. "Toward a temporal formulation for Detached Eddy Simulation." In THMT-15. Proceedings of the Eighth International Symposium On Turbulence Heat and Mass Transfer. Begellhouse, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1615/ichmt.2015.thmt-15.580.
Full text
8
Civan, Faruk, and R. D. Evans. "New Insights in the Formulation of Porous Media Mass and Momentum Equations." In SPE Gas Technology Symposium. Society of Petroleum Engineers, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/26149-ms.
Full text
9
Zhao, Qiang, HongTao Wu, and Minghu Zhou. "Generalized Mass Metric and Recursive Momentum Formulation for Dynamics of Multibody Systems." In ASME 2009 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2009-86311.
Full textAbstract:
Generalized mass metric in Riemannian manifold plays a central role in dynamics and control of multibody system (MBS). In this work, two profitable aspects of multibody system dynamics studies, generalized mass metric in Riemannian geometry and recursive momentum formulation, are described. Firstly, we will derive an Adjoint-based expression of Riemannian metric and operator factorization of generalized mass tensor from a general-topology rigid MBS which comprises of a special Euclidian group SE(3) set. The specific expression can help to clearly understand what reasons lead to these components (Riemannian metric) of the generalized mass tensor and how they measure the curves of generalized velocity space. Meanwhile, the power algorithm of MBS is presented based on the Adjoint map of generalized velocity and generalized force. Next, from the generalized momentum definition depending on such Riemannian mass metric, recursive momentum equations of MBS dynamics are developed for progressively more complex systems: open-chains, topological trees, and closed-loop systems. In terms of the relation principle of impulse and momentum, a new method is proposed for describing conservative MBS form a given initial orientation and location to desired final ones without needing to solve motion process.
10
Tierens, W., D. De Zutter, Cynthia K. Phillips, and James R. Wilson. "Time-domain formulation of cold plasma based on mass-lumped finite elements." In RADIO FREQUENCY POWER IN PLASMAS: Proceedings of the 19th Topical Conference. AIP, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3664998.
Full textReports on the topic "Mass formulation"
1
Aanjaneya, Mridul, Saket Patkar, and Ronald Fedkiw. A Mass Tracking Formulation for Bubbles in Incompressible Flow. Defense Technical Information Center, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada579230.
Full text
2
Fox, K., T. Tommy Edwards, and D. David Peeler. TECHNOLOGY DEMONSTRATION OF SLUDGE MASS REDUCTION VIA ALUMINUM DISSOLUTION: GLASS FORMULATION PROCESSING WINDOW PREDICTIONS FOR SB5. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/923829.
Full text
3
Vienna, John, Gregory Piepel, Dong-Sang Kim, et al. 2016 Update of Hanford Glass Property Models and Constraints for Use in Estimating the Glass Mass to be Produced at Hanford by Implementing Current Enhanced Glass Formulation Efforts. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1772236.
Full text
4
Becher, Julie, Samuel Beal, Susan Taylor, Katerina Dontsova, and Dean Wilcox. Photo-transformation of aqueous nitroguanidine and 3-nitro-1,2,4-triazol-5-one : emerging munitions compounds. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/41743.
Full textAbstract:
Two major components of insensitive munition formulations, nitroguanidine (NQ) and 3-nitro-1,2,4-triazol-5-one (NTO), are highly water soluble and therefore likely to photo-transform while in solution in the environment. The ecotoxicities of NQ and NTO solutions are known to increase with UV exposure, but a detailed accounting of aqueous degradation rates, products, and pathways under different exposure wavelengths is currently lacking. We irradiated aqueous solutions of NQ and NTO over a 32-h period at three ultraviolet wavelengths and analyzed their degradation rates and transformation products. NQ was completely degraded by 30 min at 254 nm and by 4 h at 300 nm, but it was only 10% degraded after 32 h at 350 nm. Mass recoveries of NQ and its transformation products were >80% for all three wavelengths. NTO degradation was greatest at 300 nm with 3% remaining after 32 h, followed by 254 nm (7% remaining) and 350 nm (20% remaining). Mass recoveries of NTO and its transformation products were high for the first 8 h but decreased to 22–48% by 32 h. Environmental half-lives of NQ and NTO in pure water were estimated as 4 and 6 days, respectively. We propose photo-degradation pathways for NQ and NTO supported by observed and quantified degradation products and changes in solution pH.
5
Singhvi, Punit, Javier García Mainieri, Hasan Ozer, and Brajendra Sharma. Rheology-Chemical Based Procedure to Evaluate Additives/Modifiers Used in Asphalt Binders for Performance Enhancements: Phase 2. Illinois Center for Transportation, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.36501/0197-9191/21-020.
Full textAbstract:
The increased use of softer binders in Illinois over the past decade is primarily attributed to the increased use of recycled materials in asphalt pavement construction. The shift in demand of using PG 58-28 over PG 64-22 has resulted in potential alternative methods to produce softer binders more economically using proprietary products. However, there are challenges in using these proprietary products for asphalt modification because of uncertainty in their long-term performance and significant variability in binder chemistry. The current SuperPave performance grading specification for asphalt binders is insufficient in differentiating binders produced from these modifiers. Therefore, the objective of this study is to evaluate the performance of various softener-type asphalt binder modifiers using a wide array of rheological and chemistry tests for their integration into the Illinois Department of Transportation’s material specifications. The small-strain rheological tests and their parameters allowed for consistent grouping of modified binders and can be used as surrogates to identify performing and nonperforming asphalt binders. A new parameter, Δ|G*|peak τ, was developed from the linear amplitude sweep test and showed potential to discriminate binders based on their large-strain behavior. Chemistry-based parameters were shown to track aging and formulation changes. The modifier sources were identified using fingerprint testing and were manifested in the modified binder chemical and compositional characteristics. The two sources of base binders blended with the modifiers governed the aging rate of the modified binders. Mixture performance testing using the Illinois Flexibility Index Test and the Hamburg Wheel-Track Test were consistent with the rheological and chemical findings, except for the glycol amine-based modified binder, which showed the worst cracking performance with the lowest flexibility index among the studied modifiers. This was contrary to its superior rheological performance, which may be attributed to lower thermal stability, resulting in high mass loss during mixing. According to the characterization of field-aged binders, laboratory aging of two pressurized aging vessel cycles or more may represent realistic field aging of 10 to 15 years at the pavement surface and is able to distinguish modified binders. Therefore, an extended aging method of two pressurized aging vessel cycles was recommended for modified binders. Two different testing suites were recommended for product approval protocol with preliminary thresholds for acceptable performance validated with field-aged data.