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Journal articles on the topic 'Mass media effects'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 1 February 2022

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1

NEWTON, KENNETH. "Mass Media Effects: Mobilization or Media Malaise?" British Journal of Political Science 29, no. 4 (September 1999): 577–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007123499000289.

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According to some, the modern mass media have a malign effect on modern democracy, tending to induce political apathy, alienation, cynicism and a loss of social capital – in a word, ‘mediamalaise’. Some theorists argue that this is the result of media content, others that it is the consequence of the form of the media, especially television. According to others, the mass media, in conjunction with rising educational levels, help to inform and mobilize people politically, making them more knowledgeable and understanding. This study investigates the mobilization and mediamalaise hypotheses, and finds little to support the latter. Reading a broadsheet newspaper regularly is strongly associated with mobilization, while watching a lot of television has a weaker association of the same kind. Tabloid newspapers and general television are not strongly associated with measures of mediamalaise. It seems to be the content of the media, rather than its form which is important.

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Deane, James. "Health effects of mass-media interventions." Lancet Global Health 6, no. 9 (September 2018): e960. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s2214-109x(18)30279-1.

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Felson, Richard B. "Mass Media Effects on Violent Behavior." Annual Review of Sociology 22, no. 1 (August 1996): 103–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.soc.22.1.103.

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4

Soni, S. D., and E. Windgassen. "AIDS panic: effects of mass media publicity." Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica 84, no. 2 (August 1991): 121–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0447.1991.tb03114.x.

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Couttenier, Mathieu, and Sophie Hatte. "Mass media effects on non-governmental organizations." Journal of Development Economics 123 (November 2016): 57–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jdeveco.2016.07.001.

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6

Nabi, Robin L., and Marina Krcmar. "Conceptualizing Media Enjoyment as Attitude: Implications for Mass Media Effects Research." Communication Theory 14, no. 4 (November 2004): 288–310. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2885.2004.tb00316.x.

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7

Head, Roy. "Health effects of mass-media interventions – Author's reply." Lancet Global Health 6, no. 9 (September 2018): e961. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s2214-109x(18)30280-8.

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Golubnichaya, Lubov S. "MASS MEDIA NEGATIVE EFFECTS ON THE JUVENILE CRIME." Scholarly Notes of Komsomolsk-na-Amure State Technical University 2, no. 35 (September 24, 2018): 58–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.17084/iv-2(35).11.

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Geschke, Daniel, Kai Sassenberg, Georg Ruhrmann, and Denise Sommer. "Effects of Linguistic Abstractness in the Mass Media." Journal of Media Psychology 22, no. 3 (January 2010): 99–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1027/1864-1105/a000014.

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Media coverage contributes to the perpetuation of stereotypes and prejudice. So far, research has focused on biased content rather than style in reporting about minorities. One such stylistic dimension is the so-called linguistic intergroup bias: The tendency to describe positive behavior of members of one’s own group and negative behavior of other groups’ members in a more abstract way (compared to the same behavior of the respective other group). Recipients of communication biased in this way judge the described individuals in line with abstract descriptions (i.e., own-group members more positively than members of other groups). The current study demonstrates that linguistically biased news reports about minorities lead to higher levels of prejudice. Hence, media coverage does not only affect attitudes about minorities by what is reported, but also by how it is presented.

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Saragih, M. Yoserizal. "Journalistic Mass Media Management." SIASAT 5, no. 4 (October 31, 2020): 59–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.33258/siasat.v5i4.71.

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This study aims to discuss the Journalistic Mass Media Management. This study use quantitative method. The result shows that Mass media consists of printed mass media and electronic mass media. Print mass media in the form of newspapers, magazines, books, tabloids, and so on. Meanwhile, electronic mass media can be in the form of television, internet and radio. The mass media also has several functions, including an information function, an agenda function, a liaison function for people, an education function, a persuasion function, and an entertaining function. The messages conveyed by the mass media are new, interesting, and important. The effects of the mass media are also very large for society. Self-change in society occurs because of the mass media. The effect of the mass media is also related to the message itself. Today, we know the development of the mass media is very fast. However, it would be nice if the mass media developed to carry messages in accordance with the culture of the Indonesian people. The mass media should provide useful messages for the wider community.

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Jesica, Christina Natalia, R. Widya S. Sumadinata, and Caroline Paskarina. "Effects of Mass Media and Digital Media Internet on Young Voter Participation." JPPUMA Jurnal Ilmu Pemerintahan dan Sosial Politik Universitas Medan Area 8, no. 1 (May 20, 2020): 57–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.31289/jppuma.v8i1.3393.

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Hornik, Robert, and Emile McAnany. "Theories and Evidence: Mass Media Effects and Fertility Change." Communication Theory 11, no. 4 (November 2001): 454–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2885.2001.tb00253.x.

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13

Kleinnijenhuis, Jan, Anita M. J. van Hoof, and Wouter van Atteveldt. "The Combined Effects of Mass Media and Social Media on Political Perceptions and Preferences." Journal of Communication 69, no. 6 (December 2019): 650–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/joc/jqz038.

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Abstract Changes in political perceptions and preferences may result from the combined effects of news from various media. Estimating these combined effects requires the best possible, albeit different, measures of news obtained from self-selected mass media and social media that can be linked to panel survey data concerning perceptions and preferences. For the 2017 Dutch national elections, such data is available. Political perceptions and preferences are affected by news statements in self-selected mass media on issue positions, support and criticism, real world conditions and success and failure, in accordance with the theories on agenda setting and issue ownership, social identity, retrospective voting and bandwagon effects, respectively. Combined effects emerge because many people use both mass media and social media. The latter do more than just reinforce predispositions. Social media also have a mere exposure effect, and a multistep flow effect that amplifies news about party successes and failures from self-selected mass media.

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14

Gawlikowska, Anna. "Communication and buildings. Space as mass-media." Budownictwo i Architektura 12, no. 4 (December 11, 2013): 007–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.35784/bud-arch.1953.

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After providing definition and social roles of communication, media and mass-media, placing of architecture and urban space as one of the media types is proposed. Subsequently, architecture is looked at in the context of mass-media meaning transmission methods, roles, functions, effects and drawbacks. Articulating phenomena in architectural communication are listed, along with exemplary methods, in which design of space can shape public opinion. Models of mass communication are defined and discussed in context of architecture and urban space. This paper provides examples of short-, intermediate-, and long-term effects facilitated through space, as well as analyses, how architecture performs functions of media in society.

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Mathias Kepplinger, Hans. "Reciprocal Effects: Toward a Theory of Mass Media Effects on Decision Makers." Harvard International Journal of Press/Politics 12, no. 2 (April 2007): 3–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1081180x07299798.

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Kovic, Marko, Adrian Rauchfleisch, Julia Metag, Christian Caspar, and Julian Szenogrady. "Brute force effects of mass media presence and social media activity on electoral outcome." Journal of Information Technology & Politics 14, no. 4 (September 21, 2017): 348–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/19331681.2017.1374228.

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SIEGEL, DAVID A. "Social Networks and the Mass Media." American Political Science Review 107, no. 4 (October 18, 2013): 786–805. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0003055413000452.

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How do global sources of information such as mass media outlets, state propaganda, NGOs, and national party leadership affect aggregate behavior? Prior work on this question has insufficiently considered the complex interaction between social network and mass media influences on individual behavior. By explicitly modeling this interaction, I show that social network structureconditionsmedia's impact. Empirical studies of media effects that fail to consider this risk bias. Further, social network interactionscan amplify media bias, leading to large swings in aggregate behavior made more severe when individuals can select into media matching their preferences. Countervailing media outlets and social elites with unified preferences can mitigate the effect of bias; however, media outlets promulgating antistatus quo bias have an advantage. Theoretical results such as these generate numerous testable hypotheses; I provide guidelines for deriving and testing hypotheses from the model and discuss several such hypotheses.

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Ono, Naoko. "The Effects of a National Mass-Media Campaign on Youth." Community Medicine & Public Health Care 2, no. 1 (June 12, 2015): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.24966/cmph-1978/100006.

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Xiao, Dan, Zhengming Chen, and Chen Wang. "Effects of a short-term mass-media campaign against smoking." Lancet 382, no. 9909 (December 2013): 1964–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(13)61839-5.

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Young, Kevin, and Michael D. Smith. "Mass media treatment of violence in sports and its effects." Current Psychology 7, no. 4 (December 1988): 298–311. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02686627.

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21

Fisher, Glenn. "Mass media effects on sex role attitudes of incarcerated men." Sex Roles 20, no. 3-4 (February 1989): 191–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00287991.

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22

Köhler, Christine, Murali K. Mantrala, Sönke Albers, and Vamsi K. Kanuri. "A Meta-Analysis of Marketing Communication Carryover Effects." Journal of Marketing Research 54, no. 6 (December 2017): 990–1008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1509/jmr.13.0580.

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To optimally set marketing communication (“marcom”) budgets, reliable estimates of short-term elasticities and carryover effects are required. Empirical generalizations from meta-analyses of prior field studies can help guide these decisions. However, the last such meta-analysis of marcom carryover effects was performed on Koyck model–based estimates collected before 1984 and was confined to mass media advertising. The authors update and extend extant empirical generalizations via two meta-analyses of carryover estimates compiled from studies encompassing personal selling, targeted advertising, and mass media advertising, using diverse model forms, until 2015. The first is focused on and utilizes 918 estimates of the carryover proportion of the total effect, termed long-term share of the total effect, and the second focuses on 863 derivable estimates of 90% implied duration intervals. The authors find the mean long-term shares of the total effect for personal selling (.687) and targeted advertising (.650) are distinctly larger than that for mass media advertising (.523) and the corresponding median 90% implied duration intervals are 12.6, 2, and 3.4 months, respectively. The authors conclude by discussing differences by model type and the implications for marcom budget-setting and analyses.

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23

Sandu, Antonio, and Polixenia Nistor. "The Effects of Mass-Media on Social Behavior, Emotions and Cognitions." Logos Universality Mentality Education Novelty: Political Sciences & European Studies 6, no. 2 (2020): 32–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.18662/lumenpses/6.2/21.

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Mass media affects its consumers primarily in their cognitive dimension, by changing the image of the world - in this sense that the media becomes a vector of social influence, by changing the cognitions of individuals - but also by changing the shared social constructs within membership groups. The stated role of the media is to inform target audiences about events of interest in the field-specific to the activity of the media trust, but also to convey opinions, ideas, and views on those events in a way that is as complete and as complex as possible, allowing recipients to build their own opinions or adhere to one or another of the opinions expressed. This article deals with the ethics of mass communication when faced with a window of opportunity which allows an easier promotion of ideas or interests, taking into account the theory of life as a spectacle promoted by Erwin Goffman.

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24

Yonatha Wijaya, Komang Dhiyo, and Anak Agung Istri Ngurah Eka Karyawati. "The Effects of Different Kernels in SVM Sentiment Analysis on Mass Social Distancing." JELIKU (Jurnal Elektronik Ilmu Komputer Udayana) 9, no. 2 (November 22, 2020): 161. http://dx.doi.org/10.24843/jlk.2020.v09.i02.p01.

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During this pandemic, social media has become a major need as a means of communication. One of the social medias used is Twitter by using messages referred to as tweets. Indonesia currently undergoing mass social distancing. During this time most people use social media in order to spend their idle time However, sometimes, this result in negative sentiment that used to insult and aimed at an individual or group. To filter that kind of tweets, a sentiment analysis was performed with SVM and 3 different kernel method. Tweets are labelled into 3 classes of positive, neutral, and negative. The experiments are conducted to determine which kernel is better. From the sentiment analysis that has been performed, SVM linear kernel yield the best score Some experiments show that the precision of linear kernel is 57%, recall is 50%, and f-measure is 44%

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25

de-Andrés-Garrido, José María. "Fashion and mass media and civic education." Comunicar 14, no. 27 (October 1, 2006): 13–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.3916/c27-2006-03.

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Fashion and mass media are social core elements with an educational function that may even replace the educational frarnes provided by the family. The social effects of media power are shown to be negative: young citizens do not like topics of public interest, they are only interested in consuming and they believe that their own destiny does not depend on their personal decisions but on higher social power. La moda y los medios de comunicación son ejes vertebradores de la sociedad actual que poseen una función educadora sustituyendo, en muchos casos, incluso a la familia como referente educativo. Los efectos de este poder mediático están siendo negativos: a los jóvenes ciudadanos no les gustan los temas de interés público, sólo se busca el consumismo y consideran que el destino de las personas no está en sus manos, sino en los altos círculos del poder.

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26

Lankford, Tina, Jana Wallace, David Brown, Jesus Soares, Jacqueline N. Epping, and Fred Fridinger. "Analysis of Physical Activity Mass Media Campaign Design." Journal of Physical Activity and Health 11, no. 6 (August 2014): 1065–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/jpah.2012-0303.

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Background:Mass media campaigns are a necessary tool for public health practitioners to reach large populations and promote healthy behaviors. Most health scholars have concluded that mass media can significantly influence the health behaviors of populations; however the effects of such campaigns are typically modest and may require significant resources. A recent Community Preventive Services Task Force review on stand-alone mass media campaigns concluded there was insufficient evidence to determine their effectiveness in increasing physical activity, partly due to mixed methods and modest and inconsistent effects on levels of physical activity.Methods:A secondary analysis was performed on the campaigns evaluated in the Task Force review to determine use of campaign-building principles, channels, and levels of awareness and their impact on campaign outcomes. Each study was analyzed by 2 reviewers for inclusion of campaign building principles.Results:Campaigns that included 5 or more campaign principles were more likely to be successful in achieving physical activity outcomes.Conclusion:Campaign success is more likely if the campaign building principles (formative research, audience segmentation, message design, channel placement, process evaluation, and theory-based) are used as part of campaign design and planning.

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Aman, Hiroyuki, Norihiro Kasuga, and Hiroshi Moriyasu. "Mass media effects on trading activities: television broadcasting evidence from Japan." Applied Economics 50, no. 42 (April 2, 2018): 4522–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00036846.2018.1458192.

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Ageev, E. P., M. A. Golub, and N. N. Matushkina. "Nonlinear effects in mass transfer of liquid media through polymeric materials." Russian Journal of General Chemistry 81, no. 1 (January 2011): 200–208. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s1070363211010373.

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BOOTH, MICHAEL, ADRIAN BAUMAN, BRIAN OLDENBURG, NEVILLE OWEN, and PAUL MAGNUS. "Effects of a national mass-media campaign on physical activity participation." Health Promotion International 7, no. 4 (1992): 241–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/heapro/7.4.241.

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Rustandi, Ridwan, and Khoiruddin Muchtar. "EFFECTS OF EXPOSURE TO MASS MEDIA MESSAGES ON TEENAGE VEILED PERCEPTIONS." INJECT (Interdisciplinary Journal of Communication) 4, no. 2 (January 14, 2020): 153–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.18326/inject.v4i2.153-174.

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The purpose of this study was to determine the impact on the soap opera Aisyah Putri that aired on the private television station RCTI. This study uses a qualitative approach by relying on George Gebner's theory of states that television shows affect the audience. Data collection techniques through observation and interviews are three main aspects, namely cognitive, affective and conative, related to the effects of exposure to mass media messages. Female students of Al-Biruni High School in Bandung consisting of classes X, XI, and XII. The results of the study showed that the process of perception of teenagers on Aisyah Putri soap opera shows the stages of sensation, perception, and confirmation (memory and thinking). The motive for the use of headscarves for teenagers. The headscarf perception among adolescents, especially for students at Albiruni Cerdas Mulia Bandung High School has a strong influence on exposure to "Aisyah Putri" religious soap operas in terms of cognitive, affective and conative.

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Solomon, Laura J., Janice Y. Bunn, Brian S. Flynn, Phyllis L. Pirie, John K. Worden, and Takamaru Ashikaga. "Mass Media for Smoking Cessation in Adolescents." Health Education & Behavior 36, no. 4 (June 29, 2007): 642–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1090198106298421.

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Theory-driven, mass media interventions prevent smoking among youth. This study examined effects of a media campaign on adolescent smoking cessation. Four matched pairs of media markets in four states were randomized to receive or not receive a 3-year television/radio campaign aimed at adolescent smoking cessation based on social cognitive theory. The authors enrolled 2,030 adolescent smokers into the cohort ( n = 987 experimental; n = 1,043 comparison) and assessed them via annual telephone surveys for 3 years. Although the condition by time interaction was not significant, the proportion of adolescents smoking in the past month was significantly lower in the experimental than comparison condition at 3-year follow-up when adjusted for baseline smoking status. The media campaign did not impact targeted mediating variables. A media campaign based on social cognitive constructs produced a modest overall effect on smoking prevalence among adolescents, but the role of theory-based constructs is unclear.

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Dahmen, Nicole Smith. "Visually Reporting Mass Shootings: U.S. Newspaper Photographic Coverage of Three Mass School Shootings." American Behavioral Scientist 62, no. 2 (February 2018): 163–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0002764218756921.

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Given the intense news coverage that mass shootings receive and recent findings on contagion effects, it is important to examine how news media organizations cover these crimes. While reporting the “who” of news is a standard journalistic practice, there is growing debate regarding the extent to which the perpetrators of mass shootings should be named, pictured, and discussed in news media coverage. Within the theoretical framework of agenda-setting, this study examined U.S. newspaper photographic coverage following three major school shootings. Through content analysis of 4,934 photographs from 9 days of newspaper coverage, this study made several key findings about the overall prominence of photo use, changes in photo use during the 3 days following mass shootings, and comparisons between photos of perpetrators and victims. In particular, the study found empirical evidence that on a photos-per-individual basis, the coverage gave more attention to perpetrators than to individual deceased victims by a ratio of 16 to 1. Given contagion effects, this study finding raises serious concerns about current practices in news media publication of perpetrator photos. Although the Society of Professional Journalists’ Code of Ethics encourages news media members to seek truth and report it, the code also emphasizes moral imperatives to “balance the public’s need for information against potential harms” and “avoid pandering to lurid curiosity.”

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33

Falkheimer, Jesper. "Events Framed by the Mass Media: Media Coverage and Effects of America's Cup Preregatta in Sweden." Event Management 11, no. 1 (March 1, 2007): 81–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.3727/152599508783943273.

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Minan, Ihdal. "RELASI MEDIA MASSA DAN DAKWAH KONTEMPORER." al-Balagh : Jurnal Dakwah dan Komunikasi 1, no. 2 (December 24, 2016): 197. http://dx.doi.org/10.22515/balagh.v1i2.349.

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Mass media have an important role in today religious life of society. The relationship between religion and mass media is mutual relationship with many influential factors involved. The article explains this relationship from various view points and approaches. The facts found show that beside giving positive support, mass media also brings negative effects in the process of religious spreading. The pragmatism of media causes the media have not orientated on the growing of constructive values anymore, but have tended to be manipulative.

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Bankole, A., G. Rodríguez, and C. F. Westoff. "Mass media messages and reproductive behaviour in Nigeria." Journal of Biosocial Science 28, no. 2 (April 1996): 227–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021932000022264.

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SummaryThis paper examines the effects of exposure to mass media messages promoting family planning on the reproductive behaviour of married women in Nigeria using cross-sectional data. Longitudinal data are also used to ensure that exposure to media messages pre-dates the indicators of reproductive behaviour. Cross-sectional analysis suggests that: (1) contraceptive use and intention are positively associated with exposure to mass media messages, and (2) women who are exposed to media messages are more likely to desire fewer children than those who are not exposed to such messages. Similarly, analysis of the longitudinal data shows that exposure to mass media messages is a significant predictor of contraceptive use. Thus, exposure to mass media messages about family planning may be a powerful tool for influencing reproductive behaviour in Nigeria.

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Mitchell, Lewis, and Joshua V. Ross. "A data-driven model for influenza transmission incorporating media effects." Royal Society Open Science 3, no. 10 (October 2016): 160481. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsos.160481.

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Numerous studies have attempted to model the effect of mass media on the transmission of diseases such as influenza; however, quantitative data on media engagement has until recently been difficult to obtain. With the recent explosion of ‘big data’ coming from online social media and the like, large volumes of data on a population’s engagement with mass media during an epidemic are becoming available to researchers. In this study, we combine an online dataset comprising millions of shared messages relating to influenza with traditional surveillance data on flu activity to suggest a functional form for the relationship between the two. Using this data, we present a simple deterministic model for influenza dynamics incorporating media effects, and show that such a model helps explain the dynamics of historical influenza outbreaks. Furthermore, through model selection we show that the proposed media function fits historical data better than other media functions proposed in earlier studies.

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Cho, Hyunyi, and Miejeong Han. "Perceived effect of the mass media on self vs. other." Journal of Asian Pacific Communication 14, no. 2 (October 19, 2004): 299–318. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/japc.14.2.06cho.

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This study represents the first cross-cultural investigation of the third person effect hypothesis, which states that individuals overestimate mass media effect on others (Davidson, 1983). It is predicted that the difference between perceived effects of the media on self vs. other will be greater in an individualistic than collectivistic culture, because in the latter self and other are not as separate and the motivation for self-enhancement is not as salient as in the former. Survey data were collected from 671 South Korean (n=351) and U.S. (n=320) college students regarding their perceptions about the effects of beer commercials, liquor advertisements, television news about AIDS, and television news about the effects of smoking. The third person effect of undesirable media content emerged from both American and Korean samples, but the size was consistently greater among Americans compared to Koreans. Likewise, the first person effect was greater among Americans rather than Koreans.

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38

Hoffman, Aaron M., and José Kaire. "Comfortably Numb: Effects of Prolonged Media Coverage." Journal of Conflict Resolution 64, no. 9 (February 28, 2020): 1666–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022002720907675.

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Exposure to a single report about terrorism in the mass media can trigger a range of emotional and political reactions. The consequences of exposure to several terrorism reports in row, however, are a matter of controversy. We examine the effects of prolonged terrorism coverage using an experimental design that combines self-report measures of emotions and political attitudes with instantaneous biometric data on emotions. Consistent with research on nonassociational learning, we find that exposure to multiple videos habituates people to depictions of terrorism: the longer people watch terrorism coverage, the less intense their reactions are to the images of terrorism they see. Some images and videos, however, contribute to this result more than others. This suggests that the ultimate effects of terrorism coverage depend on the interplay between the quantity and quality of reporting, not the quantity alone.

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Altheide, David, and Pat Lauderdale. "The technocratic form in the study of mass media effects: An application." Social Epistemology 1, no. 2 (April 1987): 183–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02691728708578430.

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40

No authorship indicated. "Review of A Measure of Uncertainty: The Effects of the Mass Media." Contemporary Psychology: A Journal of Reviews 35, no. 9 (September 1990): 908. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/029075.

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Kulchitskaya, D. Yu. "Psychological prerequisites and effects of using multimedia content in the mass media." Psychology in Russia: State of the Art 7, no. 4 (2014): 88–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.11621/pir.2014.0408.

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42

Crokidakis, Nuno. "Effects of mass media on opinion spreading in the Sznajd sociophysics model." Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications 391, no. 4 (February 2012): 1729–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.physa.2011.11.038.

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Kaan DEMİR, Mehmet. "THE EFFECTS OF MASS MEDIA TOOLS ON CLASSROOM BEHAVIORS OF THE STUDENTS." Journal of Academic Social Science Studies Volume 6 Issue 1, no. 6 (2013): 587–608. http://dx.doi.org/10.9761/jasss_377.

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IGARASHI, Tasuku. "False dichotomy detection and third-person effects of mass and social media." Proceedings of the Annual Convention of the Japanese Psychological Association 75 (September 15, 2011): 2AM031. http://dx.doi.org/10.4992/pacjpa.75.0_2am031.

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Wright, Paul J. "Mass Media Effects on Youth Sexual Behavior Assessing the Claim for Causality." Annals of the International Communication Association 35, no. 1 (January 2011): 343–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/23808985.2011.11679121.

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백승익. "The Mass Media Effects on Text and Coinage: Focusing on Mediation Divergence." Korean Journal of Linguistics 39, no. 1 (March 2014): 67–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.18855/lisoko.2014.39.1.004.

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Tiedge, James T., Arthur Silverblatt, Michael J. Havice, and Richard Rosenfeld. "Discrepancy between Perceived First-Person and Perceived Third-Person Mass Media Effects." Journalism Quarterly 68, no. 1-2 (March 1991): 141–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/107769909106800115.

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Banks, Anna. "Mass media effects across cultures international and intercultural communication annual volume 16." International Journal of Intercultural Relations 17, no. 2 (March 1993): 260–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0147-1767(93)90030-c.

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Helms, Ludger. "Governing in the Media Age: The Impact of the Mass Media on Executive Leadership in Contemporary Democracies." Government and Opposition 43, no. 1 (2008): 26–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1477-7053.2007.00242.x.

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AbstractThe effects of old and new media on governing and executive leadership have remained curiously under-studied. In the available literature, assessments prevail that consider the media to have developed a strongly power-enhancing effect on incumbent chief executives. A careful reconsideration of mass media effects on the conditions and manifestations of political leadership by presidents and prime ministers in different contemporary democracies suggests that the media more often function as effective constraints on leaders and leadership. Overall, the constraining effects of the traditional media have been more substantial than those generated by the new media. While there are obvious cross-national trends in the development of government–mass media relations, important differences between countries persist, which can be explained to some considerable extent by the different institutional features of contemporary democracies.

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MAZZITELLO, KARINA I., JULIÁN CANDIA, and VÍCTOR DOSSETTI. "EFFECTS OF MASS MEDIA AND CULTURAL DRIFT IN A MODEL FOR SOCIAL INFLUENCE." International Journal of Modern Physics C 18, no. 09 (September 2007): 1475–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0129183107011492.

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In the context of an extension of Axelrod's model for social influence, we study the interplay and competition between the cultural drift, represented as random perturbations, and mass media, introduced by means of an external homogeneous field. Unlike previous studies [J. C. González-Avella et al., Phys. Rev. E72, 065102(R) (2005)], the mass media coupling proposed here is capable of affecting the cultural traits of any individual in the society, including those who do not share any features with the external message. A noise-driven transition is found: for large noise rates, both the ordered (culturally polarized) phase and the disordered (culturally fragmented) phase are observed, while, for lower noise rates, the ordered phase prevails. In the former case, the external field is found to induce cultural ordering, a behavior opposite to that reported in previous studies using a different prescription for the mass media interaction. We compare the predictions of this model to statistical data measuring the impact of a mass media vasectomy promotion campaign in Brazil.

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