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Journal articles on the topic 'Mass media – Middle East'
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1
El-Affendi, Abdelwahab. "Media in the Middle East." American Journal of Islam and Society 13, no. 2 (July 1, 1996): 275–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.35632/ajis.v13i2.2323.
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As evidenced by its subtitle, this book is a mighty ambitious work. Theeditors, recognizing the "woeful lack of information on the [Middle East's]media systems," present the book as "the first comprehensive study of thestructure and functions of the mass media in the Middle East." And it tooka lot of hard work, being the "culmination of more than two years ofresearch and writing by 32 mass media scholars from across the MiddleEast and the United States."The books covers twenty-one countries. The Middle East is definedhere as most Arab countries (Morocco, Sudan, Yemen, and Somalia wereleft out) plus Iran, Turkey, Israel, Pakistan, and Afghanistan.There is no question that a serious gap in information exists in the areathe book attempts to cover. It is also safe to say that the researchersinvolved did a great job, assembling in one volume a wealth of infomiationon the structure of the media in the Middle East. One can at a glance gleanup-to-date information about what publications are produced in each country,who owns them, what radio and television channels are available, whattimes they broadcast, what regulations exist, and how the media fit in thefuller picture ...
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Matron, Maria B. "NRJ Book: Mass Media in the Middle East: A Comprehensive Handbook." Newspaper Research Journal 15, no. 4 (September 1994): 117–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/073953299401500412.
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Wilson, Helen. "Review & Booknote: Mass Media in the Middle East: A Comprehensive Handbook." Media International Australia 80, no. 1 (May 1996): 126–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1329878x9608000129.
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Kovalskyi, Stanislav. "The information dimension of the Middle East conflicts." Dialog: media studios, no. 28 (March 31, 2023): 121–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.18524/2308-3255.2022.28.268488.
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The article is devoted to the problems of the Middle East conflicts from the point of view of the development of the information society and the increasing influence of digital technologies. The author focuses on the problem of propaganda, censorship and the development of the free media in the Middle East conflict zones. The problem of regional conflicts` “informatization” and the “information wall” phenomenon is examined in the article. An attention was paid on a duality of informational influence upon the Middle East conflicts. On the one hand, the influence of mass media within the conflicting state is increasing. In fact, the national press determines the assessment of the outcome of the war. On the other hand, there is an effect of an “information wall” between the warring parties, which cuts off communications between the antagonists and hinders diplomatic ways of resolving the situation. Two different trends are taking place in the Middle East were researched in the article. Some states, such as Qatar or Oman, are trying to become information centers, their mass media are becoming very influential either in the Arab world, or all over the planet. Other states tends towards the complete censorship and control. the “packaged journalism” during the Middle East conflicts was described in the paper. “Packaged journalism” means unequal working conditions for journalists. Such circumstances cause an uneven review of events in favor of specific conflict side. The conclusions state that the degree of informatization of the societies of the Middle East directly affects the intensity of conflicts and determines their outcome. In its further perspectives, studies of the information dimension of conflicts reveal the prospects of analysis and practical conclusions regarding the expansion of peacekeeping activities and the possibilities of reducing the intensification of crisis situations in the world.
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Prakoso, Muhammad Pambudi. "The Development of Mass media in International Relations: In case of Al-Jazeera Effects in Middle East." Jurnal Ilmiah Hubungan Internasional 19, no. 2 (December 19, 2023): 144–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.26593/jihi.v19i2.3825.144-155.
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The international network has a very important role in strengthening the solidarity and unity of the masses, in spreading information to the community by creating virtual communities. Al-Jazeera as one of the most reputable media outlets in the international arena and have considerable influence in society. They have a vital role in raising awareness to the people in case of religion, culture and issues in the world. In addition, more rapid and accessible information in the global media has been supported by information among countries that have changed the politics of the authorities. mass media in international relations that grow so fast recently by knowing that the media and politics are related each others with sharing the mutual benefit to each other. The author discusses Al- Jazeera achievements in changing and growing people's opinions on politics, the media as a vehicle for community empowerment, and more. By producing new concepts through information and news that raise awareness of the Middle East community, the region's unequal social and political conditions, and the Middle East's position. In the Middle East, things are changing, and people are becoming more aware of the value of freedom and democracy. Keywords : Development; Mass Media; Al-Jazeera; Effect
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Zahra, Nafisah, Rachmat Kriyantono, and Bambang Dwi Prasetyo. "Hidayatullah.com and Liputanislam.com Editorial Policies in Middle East Conflict Reporting." ENDLESS: INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FUTURE STUDIES 6, no. 3 (August 30, 2023): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.54783/endlessjournal.v6i3.196.
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Online media has been widely used as a media for jihad by Islamic activists around the world, including in Indonesia. These media include HIdayatullah.com and Liputanislam.com. The two media reported on the conflict that occurred in the Middle East. In this study, researchers used the theory of message content hierarchy in the Shoemaker & Reese mass media. Based on the explanation above, this study aims to find out how the theory of influence hierarchy is applied in determining the production of news about the Middle East conflict in the online media Liputanislam.com and Hidayatullah.com. Researchers use the post-positivism paradigm as a research approach. The research method used in this study is descriptive analysis. The data collection method in this study was interviews with the editors of Liputanislam.com, news writers of Liputanislam.com, and editors of Hidayatullah.com. The results of the study show that there are similarities and differences in the editorial policies of Liputanislam.com and Hidayatullah.com in reporting on Middle East conflicts. The similarities lie at the individual and ideological levels. At the individual level, both news writers for Liputanislam.com and Hidayatullah.com have foreign language skills, namely English and Arabic. At the ideological level, the editors of Liputanislam.com and Hidayatullah.com believe that the mainstream media in Indonesia needs to be more balanced and make many mistakes in publishing news about the Middle East conflict. Meanwhile, the difference is at the organizational and extramedia levels. At the organizational level, Liputanislam.com media workers are given more freedom in choosing news sources than Hidayatullah.com media workers. For the extramedia level, Hidayatullah.com editors tend to choose news sources from authoritative media or official news sites and news agencies owned by Middle Eastern countries. On the other hand, the editorial staff of Liputanislam.com refers to media they think share the same ideology and ideals.
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Kazemi, Farhad, and Augustus Richard Norton. "Authoritarianism, Civil Society and Democracy in the Middle East: Mass Media in the Persian Gulf." Middle East Studies Association Bulletin 40, no. 2 (December 2006): 201–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0026318400049865.
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The published literature on the topic of “Authoritarianism, Civil Society, and Democracy in the Middle East” is extensive and unwieldy. Partly due to space constraints, we propose to review the topic under six framing questions and then provide a selected and representative bibliography at the end.The ideas of political reform and democracy are often the mainstay of debates within Middle Eastern polities. In general, there is ample awareness of democracy deficit and poor governance in the region. Democracy refers most basically to the ability of citizens to hold their governments accountable, and to change their political leaders at regular intervals. Instead, accountability to the public is generally weak in the region, and rulers are more likely to change as a result of actuarial realities than a withdrawal of public confidence.
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Almughni, Opel, Edward Edward, and Mohammad Fauzi. "Breadwinner’s Propaganda within the English Foreign Movie’s Depiction of Middle-East." Elsya : Journal of English Language Studies 2, no. 2 (September 28, 2020): 30–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.31849/elsya.v2i2.4929.
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Film is one of media products whose development as art product that have free-expression, it is also one of the mainstream media. The presence of a film provides its own color in other media mass competition to benefit for many people. This study deals with an analysis of propaganda by film techniques used in The Breadwinner film. The purpose of this study is to find out the types, the meanings and the functions of Propaganda used in The Breadwinner film. The data are taken from the script of The Breadwinner, Angelina Jolie as A Producer released on 8th September 2017 and directed by Nora Twomey. The data analysing technique used in this study is descriptive qualitative research with a document or content analysis as the research type. This thesis categorizes and analyses of Propaganda that found in The Breadwinner film. From the analysis, there are 7 types of propaganda by film techniques, this study focused on analysing in Glittering generalities techniques. The findings show that there is some propaganda that used in The breadwinner that had been analysed into functions propaganda especially glittering generalities.
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Vasiliev, Aleksey M., and Natalia A. Zherlitsina. "DYNAMICS OF PUBLIC POLICY ON MASS MEDIA IN THE MIDDLE EAST AND NORTH AFRICA REGION." Bulletin of the Moscow State Regional University (History and Political Science), no. 2 (2019): 210–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.18384/2310-676x-2019-2-210-221.
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Sugimoto, Nobuo, Atsushi Shimizu, Tomoaki Nishizawa, Yoshitaka Jin, and Keiya Yumimoto. "Long-Range-Transported Mineral Dust From Africa and Middle East to East Asia Observed with the Asian Dust and Aerosol Lidar Observation Network (AD-Net)." EPJ Web of Conferences 237 (2020): 05009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epjconf/202023705009.
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Mineral dust generated in Africa and Middle East is sometimes transported to East Asia. Some cases were observed with the Asian Dust and aerosol lidar observation Network (AD-Net). In the large Sahara dust event in March 2018, which was reported by mass media as that snow in Sochi, Russia was stained into orange, the dust was transported to Sapporo, Japan in 4 days from Sochi and observed with the AD-Net lidar. Sahara dust events were also observed in April 2017 and April 2018 with AD-Net. The source areas and transport paths were studied with chemical transport models and trajectory analysis and also confirmed with CALIPSO data. This study showed that long-range transport from Africa and Middle East to East Asia is not rare in springtime.
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Faisol, Yufni, Syofyan Hadi, and Reflinaldi Reflinaldi. "Idiulūjiyyah wasāʼil al-iʽlām al-jamāhīriyyah al-Indūnisiyyah ʽibar al-internet fi naql akhbār aş-şirāʽ as-siyāsī fī asy-syarq al-awsaţ." Heritage of Nusantara: International Journal of Religious Literature and Heritage 10, no. 1 (May 31, 2021): 137–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.31291/hn.v10i1.604.
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This study aims to explore the forms of information reproduction in online mass media, with specific issues on Middle East conflicts. The present study adopts a qualitative descriptive model. The data were collected from the news reports on the Syrian conflicts by some leading online news platforms such as Republika, Kompas and Tempo. The data were taken from January to October 2018 and were analyzed using the qualitative analysis stages of the Miles and Huberman model. The research findings indicate that each mass media has differences in reproducing Middle East conflict information, in terms of their data source and point of view of news reporting. Republika tends to take the opposition's point of view to the Syrian government so that it puts the United States and its allies as its main subject. On the contrary, Kompas departed from the point of view of sympathy for the Syrian government and its allies, jeopardizing the United States and its allies in reporting. The third media, Tempo, takes the point of view of narrating events chronologically and focuses a lot on humanitarian issues in the news they deliver.
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Kressel, Neil J. "Elite Editorial Favorability and American Public Opinion: A Case Study of the Arab-Israeli Conflict." Psychological Reports 61, no. 1 (August 1987): 303–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pr0.1987.61.1.303.
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The correspondence between trends in the mass media and trends in public opinion has important practical, theoretical, and methodological implications—even if we cannot untangle the causal relationships involved. The present study attempts to clarify empirically the aggregate-level mass media—public opinion connection for one major political issue, the Arab-Israeli conflict. Mass media data came from a content analysis of 867 elite newspaper editorials on the dispute (1972–1982); public opinion data came from the frequently asked Middle East “sympathy” question. Favorability measures for editorials, mass public opinion, and college-educated public opinion were highly intercorrelated, in part as a result of a common time trend. When this time trend was partialled out, significant relationships remained between editorial opinion and public opinion. In addition, events heavily covered in mass media tended to crystallize opinion among the college educated but not among the mass public.
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England, Samuel. "Andalusi Contests, Syrian Media Content: the Poetic Ritual Ijāzah." Journal of Arabic Literature 50, no. 2 (July 15, 2019): 123–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/1570064x-12341382.
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Abstract This article moves the poetic ijāzah from the periphery, where modern scholars have generally placed it, to a central position in Arabic poetry and mass media. The ijāzah was well developed before its adoption in the western Mediterranean, but Cordoban, Sevillian, and expatriate Sicilian poets distinguished the competitive improvised poem from corollary works in the Middle East, where it had first been invented. I argue that it is precisely the Andalusi innovations to the ijāzah’s formal development that have allowed traditional criticism to minimize its importance, against a larger trend of popular audiences appreciating performed ijāzahs, on stage and in mass media. Modern Arabic theatre and television have found enthusiastic audiences for the Andalusi poetic dialogue, a phenomenon that frames my Classical research. Media outlets, including those working closely with government officials, stage the ijāzah in ways that maximize its ideological value. As they use it to promote secularism and putatively benevolent dictatorship, propelling Andalusi literature into current Middle Eastern politics, we critics should seek to understand the dialogic form in its contemporary, insistently political phase of development.
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Cherry Augusta and Herdi Sahrasad. "Arab Spring di Timur Tengah dan Getarannya di Indonesia: Refleksi Sosio-Politik." Konfrontasi: Jurnal Kultural, Ekonomi dan Perubahan Sosial 2, no. 1 (January 10, 2020): 46–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.33258/konfrontasi2.v2i1.86.
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This article discusses the Arab spring and its effects in Indonesia. The discourse which is related to the Middle East revolution widely being topic in either electronic or printed mass media has showed not only a consti- tutive but also a constituted discourse. It is called constitutive because the Arab spring leads to practices that anticipate the effects or consequences of the turbulence which factually happened in the Middle East. However, it is constituted discourse, for it is created by perceptions that are rooted from social events, social practices, and social structures in Indonesia; that is mainly the experience of a transition from the New Order to the Reform Era which is assumed not too far different.
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Heyberger, Bernard. "Eastern Christians, Islam, and the West: A Connected History." International Journal of Middle East Studies 42, no. 3 (July 15, 2010): 475–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0020743810000474.
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When I was preparing my PhD in 1993, the subject “Eastern Christians” or “Christians in the Islamic World” was almost nonexistent in the mass media or in scholarly works. In fact, I prepared my thesis not under the supervision of a specialist in the Middle East but rather under that of a specialist in European Catholicism during the early modern era.
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Lücking, Mirjam. "Cosmopolitan Imagery: Prestigious Connections to the World in Contemporary Muslim and Christian Indonesian Pilgrimage Pictures." International Journal of Islam in Asia 2, no. 2 (March 14, 2023): 203–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/25899996-20223008.
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Abstract Travel following religious aims has a long tradition in the Indonesian-Malay Archipelago. Yet mass overseas religious tourism is a relatively recent phenomenon among people in today’s Indonesia. A variety of travel agencies advertise pilgrimage package tours to notable destinations like Mecca and Medina but also to other destinations in the Middle East, Europe, East Asia, and Central Asia. An analytical focus on various images in this context, including their creation and distribution, reveals patterns of prestigious cosmopolitan middle-class imagery among Muslim and Christian Indonesians in the field of religious tourism. This imagery is similar across different religious affiliations and particularly vibrant in online social media. The imagery challenges perceptions of interreligious divisions and hegemonic mappings of the world, ultimately centralizing the local social environment of people and exhibiting national Indonesian pride.
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Kazanjian, David, and Anahid Kassabian. "Mass Mediating Diaspora: Iranian Exile Culture in Los Angeles." Diaspora: A Journal of Transnational Studies 5, no. 2 (September 1996): 317–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.3138/diaspora.5.2.317.
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In this most recent era of transnational movements of labor, commodity, capital, and information, distinctions among cultures and conditions of exile, diaspora, nationality, ethnicity, and race are both elusive and in need of elucidation. That need is particularly strong when such cultures and conditions are articulated in and through mass media. Studies of globalization and transnational media corporations in communications and media studies have rarely examined the continuing legacies of colonialism and imperialism. In turn, studies of postcoloniality, whose strongest disciplinary connections have been to literature, history, and anthropology, have been noticeably reluctant to address the realm of mass-mediated culture. Yet postcoloniality is routinely animated by the political economy and representational practices of mass-media technologies. Consider how the following mass mediated representations weave a tangled web of postcolonial relations. On the one hand, the nuclear bomb-toting terrorists of the “Crimson Jihad” in the recent blockbuster movie True Lies represent “peoples of the ‘Middle East’ ” by violently condensing Armenians, Turks, Lebanese, and Azeris along with, for example, Palestinians, Libyans, and Iranians. On the other hand, Armenian and Azeri war tactics in Karabakh are partly driven by international media coverage while that same war is consumed through mass media in Long Island and Los Angeles. To complicate the picture even further, Los Angeles-based institutions of mass media are driven by that city’s surplus labor pool of working-class immigrants from the “South.”
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Moll, Yasmin. "The Idea of Islamic Media: The Qur'an and the Decolonization of Mass Communication." International Journal of Middle East Studies 52, no. 4 (October 26, 2020): 623–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0020743820000781.
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AbstractThe emergence of Islamic television in the Arab Middle East is usually explained as part of a Saudi media empire fueled by neoliberal petro-dollars. This article, by contrast, takes seriously the role ideas played alongside changing political economies in the origins of the world’s first Islamic television channel, Iqraa. Focusing on the intellectual and institutional career of “Islamic media” (al-i’lām al-Islāmī) as a category from the late sixties onwards in Egypt, I argue that Islamic television is part of a broader decolonization struggle involving the modern discipline of mass communication. Pioneering Arab communication scholars mounted a quest for epistemic emancipation in which the question of how to mediate Islam became inextricable from the question of what made media Islamic. Drawing on historical and ethnographic research, I show how the idea of Islamic media involved a radical reconceptualization of the Qur'an as mass communication from God and of Islam as a mediatic religion. This positing of an intimate affinity between Islam and media provoked secular skepticism and religious criticism that continue to this day. I conclude by reflecting on how the intellectual history of Islamic media challenges dominant framings of epistemological decolonization as a question of interrogating oppressive universalisms in favor of liberatory pluralisms.
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Inthiran, Anushia, Saadat M. Alhashmi, and Pervaiz K. Ahmed. "Health Searching Behaviour of Citizens From Countries in the Middle East and North African Region." International Journal of E-Health and Medical Communications 9, no. 2 (April 2018): 59–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijehmc.2018040104.
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Most research studies in health information searching behaviour are conducted in developed countries. Little is known with strong governmental support in healthcare initiatives it is interesting to take note of the general information searching practices of citizens in the Middle East and North African region. In this article, a questionnaire was distributed in a university setting in the United Arab Emirates. Sixty participants consisting of citizens from MENA countries participated in this study. The results indicate citizens from the Middle East and North African region do perform online health searches. However, an equal number of citizens use books and mass media to obtain health information. When online methods are utilised, working adults who have more years of experience searching for health information tend to use more medical type search engines. Undergraduate students were generally new to the process of online health information searching. Online health searching in the MENA region is more of a social and educational activity rather than a private activity.
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Korb, Russell, Saltuk Karahan, Gowri Prathap, Ekrem Kaya, Luke Palmieri, and Hamdi Kavak. "S-400s, Disinformation, and Anti-American Sentiment in Turkey." International Conference on Cyber Warfare and Security 18, no. 1 (February 28, 2023): 181–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.34190/iccws.18.1.992.
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As social and political discourse in most countries becomes more polarized, anti-Americanism hasrisen not only in the Middle East and Latin America but also among the U.S. allies in Europe. Social media isone platform used to disseminate anti-American views in NATO countries, and its effectiveness can bemagnified when mass media, public officials, and popular figures adopt these views. Disinformation, inparticular, has gained recognition as a cybersecurity issue from 2016 onward, but disinformation can bemanufactured domestically in addition to being part of a foreign influence campaign. In this paper, we analyzeTurkish tweets using sentiment analysis techniques and compare the model's results to the manualinvestigation based on qualitative research. We investigate institutional conditions, social and mass mediacontrol, and the state of political discourse in Turkey and focus on narratives pertaining to the purchase of S-400 missiles from Russia by Turkey, as well as the actors spreading these narratives, analyzing for popularity,narrative type, and bot-like behavior. Our findings suggest that although anti-American sentiment has heldrelatively steady in Turkey since 2003, the tightening of control over mass media networks in Turkey and theadoption of conspiratorial rhetoric by President Erdogan and his allies in the AKP from 2014 onward amplifiedanti-American sentiment and exacerbated negative sentiment on social media by pitting users against oneanother. This study and its findings are important because they highlight the importance of social andpsychological components of cybersecurity. The ease by which disinformation efforts, influence operations,and other “softer” forms of cyber- and information warfare can be carried out means that they will only growmore common.
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Ahmad, Ayesha. "Weapons of Mass Persuasion." American Journal of Islam and Society 22, no. 2 (April 1, 2005): 113–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.35632/ajis.v22i2.1715.
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The concept of a public body deluded into believing whatever its leadersassert as truth might seem to recall Marxist theories of media and society. But this is an element of the reality painted by Paul Rutherford in hisWeapons of Mass Persuasion: Marketing the War against Iraq, in which heexamines Washington’s promotion of the war and its effectiveness in winningpublic support despite misinformation.Public opinion has been key to maintaining support for the war and thetremendous amount of money that it continues to pull out of the Americaneconomy. Rutherford investigates the marketing strategy, illustrates itseffects, and explores the significance of the experiment. His analysis providesan insightful look into how Washington was able to convince theAmerican people of the false threat of “weapons of mass destruction” andraises important questions about what the Bush administration’s “persuasion”experiment means for American democracy.The author dedicates the first three chapters to analyzing how the“weapons of mass persuasion” were deployed. However, the heart of hisstudy lies in the effects of those “weapons” on individuals and society. Hisresearch is centered in Canada and draws from its government and press.This makes it difficult to discern who is the focus of his analysis – is itCanadians, Americans, the Middle East, or the world at large? ...
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Mutsvairo, Bruce, and Saba Bebawi. "Journalism Educators, Regulatory Realities, and Pedagogical Predicaments of the “Fake News” Era: A Comparative Perspective on the Middle East and Africa." Journalism & Mass Communication Educator 74, no. 2 (March 13, 2019): 143–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1077695819833552.
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From diplomatic spats between Qatar and Saudi Arabia to ubiquitous deceptive “news” updates purportedly sent by the Eritrean government urging all men to marry two wives or risk imprisonment, the future of fact-based reporting appears uncertain as mass media recipients world over become accustomed to consuming “fake news.” Despite the exponential expansion of journalism educators in the Middle East and Africa, several curriculums in these regions have been struggling to cope with the rising dominance of the “fake news” movement. Both regions have a well-documented appetite for conspiracy theories and indeed the power of disinformation and propaganda, which seem to have gathered steam in the wake of deliberate dissemination of hoaxes or sensationalist stories predominantly distributed via social media platforms, potentially posing a threat to the credibility of journalism. This article provides an updated state of affairs on the expansion of “fake news” in the Middle East and Africa arguing after an explorative examination of 10 journalism curriculums that educators need to focus on local contexts when preparing journalism modules. Although it is important to discuss global trends, developments, controversies, debates, and discussions involving the “fake news” movement, we think future journalists from both regions would benefit from media literacy courses that identify the difference between fact and fiction in relation to their own contexts. This is relevant because current pedagogical approaches appear influenced by developments abroad especially in these countries’ past colonial masters.
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Morozova, Nadezhda N., Ksenia S. Dorenko, and Nikita O. Yudin. "PLACE OF MEDIA AND SOCIAL RESOURCES IN THE HASHEMITE KINGDOM OF JORDAN." SCIENTIFIC REVIEW. SERIES 2. HUMAN SCIENCES, no. 1-2 (2023): 5–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.26653/2076-4685-2023-1-2-01.
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The authors of the article touch upon the topic of the place of mass media (media) and media resources in the Arab countries on the example of the situation in the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan. The article discusses the main regulatory and legal aspects of the activities of the media in Jordan, as well as examples of violations of the current legislation by representatives of certain information resources and individuals who publish materials that violate the provisions of the current legislation in the country. It also shows the dynamics of the development of the information space in the country. The authors analyzed the use of the main social networks that are most popular among Internet users in the Kingdom, and also considered the situation of free use of the Internet in general, including after the events of the “Arab spring” in the countries of the Middle East and North Africa.
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Salem, Haya, and Suhad Daher-Nashif. "Psychosocial Aspects of Female Breast Cancer in the Middle East and North Africa." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 18 (September 18, 2020): 6802. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17186802.
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Breast cancer, the most common cancer among women in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region, is associated with social and psychological implications deriving from women’s socio-cultural contexts. Examining 74 articles published between 2007 and 2019, this literature/narrative review explores the psychosocial aspects of female breast cancer in the MENA region. It highlights socio-cultural barriers to seeking help and socio-political factors influencing women’s experience with the disease. In 17 of 22 Arab countries, common findings emerge which derive from shared cultural values. Findings indicate that women lack knowledge of breast cancer screening (BCS) and breast cancer self-examination (BSE) benefits/techniques due to a lack of physicians’ recommendations, fear, embarrassment, cultural beliefs, and a lack of formal and informal support systems. Women in rural areas or with low socioeconomic status further lack access to health services. Women with breast cancer, report low self-esteem due to gender dynamics and a tendency towards fatalism. Collaboration between mass media, health and education systems, and leading social-religious figures plays a major role in overcoming psychological and cultural barriers, including beliefs surrounding pain, fear, embarrassment, and modesty, particularly for women of lower socioeconomic status and women living in crises and conflict zones.
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Nee, Rebecca C. "Youthquakes in a Post-Truth Era: Exploring Social Media News Use and Information Verification Actions Among Global Teens and Young Adults." Journalism & Mass Communication Educator 74, no. 2 (January 19, 2019): 171–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1077695818825215.
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Teaching information verification skills has become increasingly important in the current post-truth era. Through surveys and interviews with teenagers and young adults in the Middle East and United States, this study explores the changing patterns of social media use for news and actions they take to verify news stories online. Findings show younger students are moving toward more visual platforms, such as Instagram, and private messaging apps to get news. Information verification activities, however, are more frequently practiced by older people who use Facebook and Twitter. Implications for journalism and mass communication curricula are discussed.
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Gurevitch, Michael, and Anandam P. Kavoori. "Global Texts, Narrativity and the Construction of Local and Global Meanings in Television News." Narrativization of the News 4, no. 1-2 (January 1, 1994): 9–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/jnlh.4.1-2.02glo.
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Abstract This article discusses the relevance of narrative analysis to the study of media globalization by presenting results of an ongoing study of television news in the United States, Europe, and the Middle East. It discusses issues of local and global meanings by focusing on a number of elements of narrative structure (time, valence, story/discourse, themes, drama, genre, and myths) and argues that each element presents ways to track particularistic and universalistic meanings in television news. A concluding section emphasizes the importance of narrative analysis to the study of globalization with a discussion of live global television events. (Journalism and Mass Communication)
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Simon, Andrew. "CENSURING SOUNDS: TAPES, TASTE, AND THE CREATION OF EGYPTIAN CULTURE." International Journal of Middle East Studies 51, no. 2 (March 13, 2019): 233–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0020743819000035.
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AbstractIn this article, I argue that audiocassette technology decentralized state-controlled Egyptian media long before the advent of al-Jazeera and the Internet. By enabling any citizen to become a cultural producer, as opposed to a mere consumer, the mass medium and its users sparked significant anxiety in the mid-to-late 20th century, when contentious cassette recordings led many local critics to assert that “vulgar” tapes were poisoning public taste, undermining high culture, and endangering Egyptian society. This article breaks down these arguments and shows that audiotapes actually broadcast a vast variety of voices. Thus, underlying many criticisms of cassette content, I contend, was not simply a concern for aesthetic sensibilities but a desire to dictate who created Egyptian culture during a time of tremendous change. By unpacking these discussions, this article harnesses Egypt as a case study to enhance prevailing investigations of sound, popular culture, and mass media in Middle East studies.
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Whatley, Edward. "Book Review: Pop Culture in Asia and Oceania." Reference & User Services Quarterly 56, no. 3 (April 3, 2017): 219. http://dx.doi.org/10.5860/rusq.56n3.219a.
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Pop Culture in Asia and Oceania provides readers with a broad but surprisingly detailed overview of popular culture in Asia (excluding the Middle East), Australia, and New Zealand. Though the geographic focus of coverage may be somewhat narrow, the forms of pop culture covered in the single volume are quite varied and reveal a rich cultural tapestry that may be unfamiliar to many Western readers. Pop culture is of course intended for mass consumption, and the mediums and entertainments covered in Pop Culture in Asia and Oceania reflect that intent. They include: popular music, books and contemporary literature, film, television, radio, Internet and social media, sports, video games, fashion, and couture.
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Harris, Leslie. "Apocalyptic television." Communicare: Journal for Communication Studies in Africa 14, no. 2 (November 7, 2022): 1–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.36615/jcsa.v14i2.1922.
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Since the beginning of the decade the world has shrunk through the growth of global mass communication and Information highways. Greater access to Information makes the consumer more susceptible to propaganda, disguised by Information providers as objective information. A prime example of this manipulation occurred during the Gulf War of 1991 . Through effective use of propaganda techniques the Bush administration created a situation torclng the western world to Involve itself in a domestic dispute In the Middle East Prime benenclarles were the Bush Administration, and George Bush himself, who at the time was seeking re-election as president of the United States. Analysis of media coverage of the war, particularly the coverage on CNN, will show how the mass media assisted the administration In creating and sustaining the climate for war. Two of the world's current "hot spots" will be considered briefly against the framework of the Gulf War- the military intervention in Haiti for Its .Similarities and change In South Afnea for the perspective it provides on television coverage of world events.
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Labidi, Imed Ben. "On naming Arab revolutions and oppositional media narratives." International Journal of Cultural Studies 22, no. 3 (March 2, 2018): 450–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1367877918759555.
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The unfinished Arab revolutions produced unsettling conditions, sectarian wars, counter-revolutionary wars, proxy wars and transitional democracies. US and Arab media responses could not find effective words to describe them and their underlying geopolitical implications. Whether to name them ‘protest’ or ‘unrest’, American mainstream media initially welcomed the events with a cautious curiosity while Arab media favoured a romanticized coverage. But as the protests spread fast and continued, a more dominant popular narrative in the US shaped by the ‘exceptionalist’ perspective about the Middle East emerged. This article explains how dominant discursive framings deployed a form of ‘nature talk’, specifically through names, phrases and locutions such as ‘Arab Spring’, ‘Jasmine revolution’, ‘Arab transition’, and horticultural words like ‘flower’, ‘rose’ and ‘blossom’ to describe the Arab uprisings. Because of an intellectually limiting media-produced racial vernacular during the period of mass protest, this dominant mainstream narrative spoke about the events either by using neo-imperial language that characterized the revolutions as an Islamist threat or by employing culturally reductionist vocabulary which infantilized protesters. The goal here is to place specific media frames and images that such linguistic constructions create and disseminate within the context of power relations, the politics of naming and knowledge production.
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Galal, Ashraf, and Philip J. Auter. "Social Media Responsibility towards COVID 19 News: The Case of Qatar." Dirasat: Human and Social Sciences 50, no. 5 (September 30, 2023): 277–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.35516/hum.v50i5.180.
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Objectives: This study explored to what extent people in one nation in the Middle East, Qatar, used social media to obtain information regarding COVID-19. It also looked at how social media organizations review and attempt to verify posted information and what they do when and if they discover fake news Methods: The researchers surveyed 400 Qatari citizens to determine their perceptions of the credibility of government and private social media sites and how that differed from their perception of the credibility of traditional mass media news outlets.The research also addressed the interrelationship between browsing social media for information and disinformation about COVID-19 and a person’s feelings of threat, anxiety, and fear. Results: The study found that social media users may have difficulty telling the difference between information and disinformation. This can increasetheir fear, anxiety, and stress. This relationship appears to be clear, and cuts across all demographic lines. What is unclear is whether fear drives people to increase their social media searching for COVID-19 information, or if increased consumption increases fear? It’s quite possible that it is a circular relationship. Conclusions: The study recommended that interventions from multiple stakeholders are essential in order to rationale social media performance and harness it’s power to disseminate reliable information.
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Kavanaugh, Andrea, Steven D. Sheetz, Riham Hassan, Seungwon Yang, Hicham G. Elmongui, Edward A. Fox, Mohamed Magdy, and Donald J. Shoemaker. "Between a Rock and a Cell Phone." International Journal of Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management 5, no. 1 (January 2013): 1–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/jiscrm.2013010101.
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Many observers heralded the use of social media during recent political uprisings in the Middle East, even dubbing Iran’s post-election protests a “Twitter Revolution”. The authors seek to put into perspective the use of social media in Egypt during the mass political demonstrations in 2011. We draw on innovation diffusion theory to argue that these media could have had an impact beyond their low adoption rates due to other factors related to the essential role played by social networks in diffusion and the demographics of Internet and social media adoption in Egypt, Tunisia and (to a lesser extent) Iran. To illustrate the argument the authors draw on technology adoption, information use, discussion networks and demographics. They supplement the social media data analysis with survey data collected in June 2011 from an opportunity sample of Egyptian youth. The authors conclude that in addition to the contextual factors noted above, the individuals within Egypt who used Twitter during the uprising have the characteristics of opinion leaders, that is, a group of early adopters with influence throughout their social circles and beyond. These findings contribute to knowledge regarding the use and impact of social media during violent political demonstrations and their aftermath.
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Yeshaw, Yigizie, Misganaw Gebrie Worku, Zemenu Tadesse Tessema, Achamyeleh Birhanu Teshale, and Getayeneh Antehunegn Tesema. "Zinc utilization and associated factors among under-five children with diarrhea in East Africa: A generalized linear mixed modeling." PLOS ONE 15, no. 12 (December 2, 2020): e0243245. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0243245.
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Introduction Diarrhea is the leading cause of illness and death among under-five children in low and middle income countries. Through the provision of zinc supplements has been shown to reduce the severity and duration of diarrhea, as well as the risk of mortality, the use of zinc for the treatment of diarrhea is still very low in low-income countries. Therefore, this study was conducted to determine the prevalence and associated factors of zinc utilization among under-five children with diarrhea in East Africa. Methods A secondary data analysis of the recent Demographic and Health Surveys (DHS) of East African countries were used to determine the prevalence and associated factors of zinc utilization among under-five children with diarrhea in East Africa. A total weighted samples of 16,875 under-five children with diarrhea were included in the study. A generalized linear mixed model (using Poisson regression with robust error variance) was used. Prevalence Ratios (PR) with their 95% confidence interval (CI) were calculated for those variables included in the final model. Results The overall prevalence of zinc utilization among under-five children with diarrhea in this study was 21.54% (95% CI = 20.92–22.16). Of East African countries, Uganda had the highest prevalence of zinc utilization (40.51%) whereas Comoros had the lowest (0.44%). Maternal primary education (Adjusted Prevalence Ratio(aPR) = 1.29, 95% CI: 1.16–1.44), secondary education (aPR = 1.36, 95% CI = 1.19–1.55) and higher education (aPR = 1.91, 95% CI = 1.52–2.40), high community women education (aPR = 1.12, 95% CI = 1.02–1.24), high wealth index (aPR = 1.12, 95% CI = 1.01–1.24), high community media exposure (aPR = 1.17, 95% CI = 1.06–1.29) were associated with a higher prevalence of zinc utilization. Conclusion The prevalence of zinc utilization among under-five children was found to be low in East Africa. Maternal education, wealth index, community women education, and community media exposure were significantly associated with zinc utilization. Increased mass media exposure, maternal education and wealth index is recommended to improve zinc utilization among under-five children with diarrhea.
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Pettersen, Lene. "From Mass Production to Mass Collaboration: Institutionalized Hindrances to Social Platforms in the Workplace." Nordic Journal of Science and Technology Studies 2, no. 2 (December 1, 2016): 29. http://dx.doi.org/10.5324/njsts.v2i2.2146.
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<div>This article addresses the importance of institutionalized practices when social media are introduced as collective platforms for the workplace and why the great engagement envisioned for these tools has yet to be realized in organizational settings. Innovation, in this article, points to practices that individuals perceive as new. Innovation thus also concerns social changes: the introduction of new practices to be employed by individuals within social structures. The dynamics in the workplace and in distributed networks (e.g. Wikipedia) are compared and found to operate with different social structures, with different practices at play, yet collective and engaging actions are expected from employees with the introduction of social platforms. The nature of our notion of work in the workplace is colored by organization and measurement in time and money derived from a capitalistic paradigm, yet drivers at play in distributed networks are not measured in quantitative terms (time and money), but on quality (good work, strong reputation, high social status, and so forth). The article points to findings from a comprehensive qualitative case study of knowledge workers employed in a knowledge-intensive organization in twenty-three countries in Europe, North Africa, and the Middle East. Twenty-seven in-depth interviews and field studies of professional knowledge-workers in Norway, Denmark, UK and Morocco was conducted during 2011, with follow-up interviews of eight of the participants from Morocco and Norway after one year. Many of the employees in our study explain that the company’s social platform becomes just another thing to track amidst in an already hectic workday where individual drivers triumph over collective priorities.</div><div> </div>
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Ufuophu-Biri, Emmanuel, and Lucky Ojoboh. "Social Media as a Tool for Political Resistance: Lessons from the Arab Spring and the Nigerian Protests." Academic Journal of Interdisciplinary Studies 6, no. 1 (March 28, 2017): 61–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.5901/ajis.2017.v6n1p61.
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Abstract The popular revolutions that swept across North Africa and the Middle East (NAME) countries, popularly called the “Arab Spring”, removed several sit-tight regimes and threatened to remove some others. Until those revolutions, nobody in the region had the audacity to question the actions of the governments. The mass media in the region had no freedom of operation and could not be used to express opinions or ideas that contradicted government wish or stand. However, the self-immolation of Tarek al-Tayeb Mohamed Bouazizi on 17 December, 2010 in Tunisia and his subsequent death led to an unstoppable torrent of protests across the region. The social media became the tool of communication, organization and coordination during the protests. The social media thus provided the protesters with an alternative voice of expression, which they used to mobilize and organize the protests. This study therefore, examined the role of the social media in the the Arab Spring. The study which is theoretical concludes that the use of the social media was very effective in success of the revolution.The study showed that without the social media, the revolution might not have been successful or might not have taken place at all. The study thus recommends that people should continue to use the social media to protest against oppressive regimes and all forms of oppression.
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Basuki, Basuki, and Corry Natasha Patrioty. "PENGARUH REGULASI PEMERINTAH, TEKANAN MASYARAKAT, TEKANAN ORGANISASI LINGKUNGAN, TEKANAN MEDIA MASSA, TERHADAP CORPORATE SOCIAL DISCLOSURE." EKUITAS (Jurnal Ekonomi dan Keuangan) 15, no. 1 (February 8, 2017): 23. http://dx.doi.org/10.24034/j25485024.y2011.v15.i1.2271.
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In recent conditions, company is not considers merely on profit, but there is strong argument that company must aware on its social environments. Hence, it is required that a company must disclose its social responsibility to the stakeholders. Corporate social disclosure itself is influenced by many factors. The objective of this study is to explain the influencing factors of corporate social responsibility. Based on the Stakeholders theory, the study will investigated social responsibility accounting phenomena on business practices. The research sites would be in PTPN- East Java consists of PTPN X, XI, and XII. Regressions models are used to test the formulated hypothesis. Data were collected by using questionnaires which were mailed to 58 top and middle managers in PTPN who directly or indirectly involved in the corporate social responsibility. The empirical finding showed that and partially Mass media pressure are significant factor to corporate social disclosure, meanwhile Government regulation, Community pressure, environmental organization pressure do not have significant effect on corporate social disclosure. However, simultaneously those factors significantly influence the PTPTN’s corporate social disclosure.
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Ha, Jarryn. "Uncles’ Generation: Adult Male Fans and Alternative Masculinities in South Korean Popular Music (Translation into Russian)." Corpus Mundi 2, no. 3 (November 9, 2021): 50–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.46539/cmj.v2i3.48.
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This article discusses the recent emergence of adult male fans of Korean pop (K-pop) music who openly engage themselves in fan activities typically associated with teenagers (particularly teenage girls) and the significance of their adoration of young female celebrities. The recent appearance of the ‘samchon/uncle fans’ in the K-pop culture discourse marks the first instance since the early 1990s, when teenagers became the primary target audience of South Korea’s entertainment industry, in which male adults reclaimed a significant position as a demographic group of fans. The samchon fans differ from the traditional ajossi (middle-aged, patriarchal men) listeners of adult contemporary music in the kinds of singers and musical genres to which they listen, as well as in their self-identification as fans, participation in fan activities and mass media portrayals. I investigate the implications of the men’s consumption pattern and their representation in South Korean mass media within the contexts of the history of the construction of hegemonic masculinity in South Korea and of recent developments in East Asian popular culture. I also explore possible ways to apply, complicate and question existing theoretical and conceptual frameworks to explain the phenomenon and argue for the possibility of politically potent, alternative masculinities constructed and manifested through the men’s conspicuous consumption of cultural commodities.
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Hatt, Doyle. "Mass Mediations: New Approaches to Popular Culture in the Middle East and Beyond; New Media in the Muslim World: The Emerging Public Sphere:Mass Mediations: New Approaches to Popular Culture in the Middle East and Beyond.;New Media in the Muslim World: The Emerging Public Sphere." American Anthropologist 103, no. 3 (September 2001): 855–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/aa.2001.103.3.855.
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Nuč, Aleksandra, and Sonja Pöllabauer. "In the Limelight? Interpreters’ Visibility in Transborder Interpreting." ELOPE: English Language Overseas Perspectives and Enquiries 18, no. 1 (June 21, 2021): 37–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.4312/elope.18.1.37-54.
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This paper explores photographs that were taken along the Austrian and Slovene border between 2015 and 2018 as ethnographic records of a specific field of interpreting. The photographs show interpreters who helped bridge communication barriers in situations when the mass displacement of refugees from the Middle East resulted in an increased demand for interpreters for a range of languages that had previously not been as sought after. The photographs come from a corpus of pictures and accompanying texts that were compiled through a picture search in digital media. Drawing on the constructs of (in)visibility and bodily semiotics, a set of chosen examples is analysed qualitatively, using a visually oriented approach to examine interpreters’ positionality and agency in transborder humanitarian interpreting. The results suggest a high degree of interactional agency and visibility, but less social visibility.
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Andayani, Ambar, and Jupriono Jupriono. "REPRESENTATION OF NYI RORO KIDUL IN MYTH, LEGEND, AND POPULAR CULTURE." ANAPHORA: Journal of Language, Literary and Cultural Studies 2, no. 1 (August 27, 2019): 28–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.30996/anaphora.v2i1.2724.
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Nyi Roro Kidul, Nyai Loro Kidul, or Nyai Ratu Kidul is a character of folk legend which has existed all along south coast of Java land: from East Java, to Middle Java and Jogjakarta, then to West Java and Banten. People along the south coast of Java island believe to myth of this legendary character as a beautiful and supernatural woman who has authority of devil realm in Indonesian Ocean (Indian Ocen) or Segoro Kidul (South Sea). The popularity of Nyi Roro Kidul has also become motivation for national film-making and TV media to produce many films and drama about this character. Although there are many similarities about the revelation, among regions, legend and mass culture (film, TV); the representations of Nyi Roro Kidul show differences in theme emphasis. In East Javanese people, Nyi Roro Kidul is emphasized on the intention of people seeking wealth pesugihan (with the helping from devils) by sacrificing human soul for antidote. In Middle Javanese people, Kanjeng Ratu Kidul is representated as the take turn-wife of Sultans from Mataram, Sultan Panembahan Senopati to Sultans of Jogjakarta in the present time. The west Javanese people represents this figure as the princess of Pakuan Pajajaran Kingdom who is betrayed and abused, and throw away herself to jump into South Sea, then she incarnates as a beautiful and undefeated supernatural queen. On film and television, Nyi Roro Kidul is presented as a beautiful, sexy, cruel and sexual adventurer woman.
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Lustick, Ian S. "Writing the Intifada Collective Action in the Occupied Territories." World Politics 45, no. 4 (July 1993): 560–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2950709.
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The five-year-old Palestinian uprising, the intifada, was the first of many mass mobilizations against nondemocratic rule to appear in the Middle East, Eastern Europe, East Asia, and the former Soviet Union between 1987 and 1991. Although the Palestinian struggle against Israeli occupation of the West Bank and Gaza Strip is seldom included by the media or by social scientists in their treatments of this putative wave of “democratization,” many studies of the uprising are available. Although largely atheoretic in their construction of the intifada and in their explanations for it, the two general questions posed by most of these authors are familiar to students of collective action and revolution. On the one hand, why did it take twenty years for the Palestinians to launch the uprising? On the other hand, how, in light of the individual costs of participation and the negligible impact of any one person's decision to participate, could it have occurred at all? The work under review provides broad support for recent trends in the analysis of revolution and collection action, while illustrating both the opportunities and the constraints associated with using monographic literature as a data base.
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Seroshtanov, Kirill V. "Political Dimensions of Military Technical Cooperation Between Russia and Saudi Arabia." Vestnik Tomskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta, no. 468 (2021): 161–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.17223/15617793/468/18.
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The role of Russia in the Middle East region has been increasing since the start of operation in Syria. This forces not only Russia, but also the Middle East countries including Saudi Arabia to adjust their politics according to the current situation. Both Russia and Saudi Arabia actively use military technical cooperation to develop relations with other countries, so it is essential that in their interstate relations this instrument should be applied. In this article, the military technical cooperation between Russia and Saudi Arabia is under consideration. The article aims to determine the dependence of military technical cooperation between the countries on politics. There is a lack of literature on the issue; the main part of it covers military technical cooperation between Russia and the Middle East countries and also the interstate relations with them in general. Due to the specific character of the arms trade sphere, the volume of sources is also insufficient. However, it is possible to carry out an analysis that allows forming the general image of the military technical cooperation between Russia and Saudi Arabia and its reason on the basis of related mass media publications and SIPRI data. The analysis of the Russia-Saudi Arabia military technical cooperation development shows that its expansion is in correlation with the growing role of Russia in the Middle East. In the middle of the 2010s, a number of contracts were concluded and performed. The following reasons of this expansion can be mentioned: problems in interstate relations between Saudi Arabia and the Western countries caused by the conflict in Yemen and Jamal Khashoggi's killing, the Arms Trade Treaty limitations for trade with Saudi Arabia for Western countries, Saudi Arabia's diversification of arms suppliers, search of Russia for new arms markets, etc. Nevertheless, these reasons cannot be assumed as reasons of crucial importance: the Western countries maintain their positions on the Saudi Arabia arms market despite all the limitations and issues in interstate relations, Saudi Arabia is not the key arms market for Russia; moreover, the integration of Russian arms systems into Saudi Arabia's armed forces formed by the Western military standard is quite complicated. Taking into account all the limitations related to the military technical cooperation between the countries, it can be stated that neither Russia nor Saudi Arabia has crucial economical or technical reasons for its start. Therefore, the following conclusion can be made: military technical cooperation between these countries is not a single process; it is caused by a whole direction of interstate relations, and it is only an instrument to boost them.
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Bouissehak, M., M. Kadiri, F. Chabib, C. Berhili, N. Lagdali, M. Borahma, I. Benelbardhadi, and F. Ajana. "Case Report: Budd-Chiari Syndrome (BCS) on Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HCC): Primary or Secondary Cause?" Saudi Journal of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences 10, no. 02 (February 26, 2024): 138–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.36348/sjmps.2024.v10i02.013.
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This is the case of a 63-year-old female patient admitted for management of a liver mass discovered incidentally on imaging. The patient presented with weight loss and prutitus, and on clinical examination had collateral venous circulation and scraping lesions. Abdominal ultrasound coupled with Doppler showed a hepatic tissue mass with left-sided portal thrombosis. Hepatic MRI confirmed the diagnosis and also revealed SBC with infiltration of the left and median hepatic veins. Liver biopsy confirmed diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC)in cirrhotic liver. Etiological work-up for prothrombotic factors and cirrhosis was negative. The patient was a candidate for palliative treatment. But our dilemma: is this a case of primary or secondary BCS? Scholars Middle East Publishers
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Richter, Carola, Abdulrahman Al-Shami, Sahar Khalifa, Soheir Osman, and Samuel Mundua. "The virus of the ‘others’? Corona and discursive othering in Arab media." Journal of Arab & Muslim Media Research 14, no. 1 (April 1, 2021): 3–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1386/jammr_00022_1.
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The spread of fear of the coronavirus and related insecurities around the pandemic have fuelled nationalist and increased exclusionary tendencies in countries all over the world. In North America, for instance, anti-Asian racism increased when former US President Donald Trump dubbed the virus the ‘Chinese virus’. A nationalist agenda has been strengthened in many places, including the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region; and hateful narratives blaming ‘others’ for the pandemic, legitimizing a retreat to the protection of national borders and policies, are being spread in different media outlets. This article comparatively investigates processes of othering with regard to COVID-19 in four MENA countries – Egypt, Iraq, Oman and Yemen – and asks, who is held responsible for the coronavirus crisis in different countries? How is othering revealed in media coverage related to COVID-19? What (in)sensitive language can be identified? The study looks at mass media coverage at the peak of the global lockdown during the spring of 2020. The media analysis reveals a strong emphasis on mostly national identities as articulated lines of demarcation in all four cases. A homogenizing and demonizing othering was detected in particular in the cases of Yemen and Egypt, but also Iraq, when blame was attributed to political adversaries. The Omani case was characterized by a more subtle othering that focused strongly on the importance of citizenship.
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Ochim, Fidelis, and Haruna Hassan. "US-Iran Relations and its Implications on International Peace and Security." African Journal of Politics and Administrative Studies 16, no. 1 (June 1, 2023): 509–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/ajpas.v16i1.29.
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This piece analyses stages of friendly as well as ferocious relationships between United States of America (US) and the Islamic Republic of Iran. The paper identified unhealthy struggle for dominance and the attendant use of surrogates by the countries to achieve their aims. The paper objective centres on ascertaining the causes of the multi-decade sour relations between the states. With the aid of descriptive approach, data obtained from text books, journals, mass media (of international repute), and internet resources were sourced and analysed. Theoretically, Morgenthau’s political realism, with emphasis on interest defined in terms of (political, economic, military and other corollaries) of power was adopted to unravel the relation between the variables. Findings show that US and Iran were allies before a military coup that unseat the democratically elected Prime Minister Mohammed Mossadeq and restored full political powers to the Shah in 1953. There was a trilateral relation amongst Iran, US and Israel; the relationship, necessitated by the fear of Soviet expansion into Middle East by all parties and amplified by Iran’s strategic position between Far-East and Indian Ocean and the need to protect multiple US economic interests in Iran, instilled fears and suspicion among Sunni majority of the region. The paper, also, traces the non-Arab cultural, linguistic, and historic Judeo and Persian national identities distinct in an otherwise predominantly Sunni-Arab region. Also that a US-Iran war portent the ability to suspend the fragile peace in the Middle East and further wreck the relations between US and host of Iranian super allies. Thus, the paper recommends among others that, there is need for the two sides to maintain their border of influence to allow peace and stability of the international political system though anarchically laden.
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Buranok, Sergey O. "Evaluation of Asia and Decolonization in the US Press." Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. History 65, no. 4 (2020): 1186–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.21638/11701/spbu02.2020.410.
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No research in the colonial system issues during the Cold War would be complete without studying the press of the participating parties. In order to give a detailed analysis of the international relationships in terms of the global transformations from an American point of view, the article explores relevant newspaper articles published after the World War II. It shows changes concerning priority schemes as viewed in American social discourse during 1945. Roosevelt’s plan for the dismantling of the colonial empires was gradually replaced with less radical plans, which presupposed using the colonial experience for foreign policy of the USA. The materials of the American press of 1945 dedicated to the search for the most effective strategy of building relations with both colonial empires and dependent territories demonstrate, among other things, a steady interest of American mass media in negative and positive experience of colonial policy. Thus, in the American public discourse of late 1945 emerged several new approaches towards evaluation of the prospects of the colonial system. The first approach: retention of all colonial empires, especially in the key points of the after-war world (Middle East, Indochina, Northern Africa). The second approach: retention of the British colonial empire capable of controlling (with the aid from the USA) the Mediterranean area, the Middle East, and the South-Eastern Asia; which would address two tasks, namely provision of valuable raw materials for the American economy, and control over rebels and national liberation forces. The third approach: replacement of colonial empires with American military presence in order to solve the same problems.
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Al-Ajam, Ali Saleh, and Khalil Md Nor. "Challenges of adoption of internet banking service in Yemen." International Journal of Bank Marketing 33, no. 2 (April 7, 2015): 178–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijbm-01-2013-0001.
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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to determine the factors that influence individuals’ intention to adopt internet banking in the Republic of Yemen. The current study found that a lack of empirical studies have been conducted in this field in Arab countries, in general, and in Yemen, in particular. Design/methodology/approach – The theory of reasoned action (TRA) was extended by relative advantage, perceived risk, mass media, family’s influence, innovativeness, skepticism and technology readiness (TR). Paper survey was used to collect data from 1,500 bank customers. Structural equation modeling was employed to investigate the relationships between variables. The TRA was extended by relative advantage, perceived risk, mass media, family’s influence, innovativeness, skepticism and TR. Paper survey was used to collect data from 1,500 bank customers. Structural equation modeling was employed to investigate the relationships between variables. Findings – Customer’s behavioral intention was significantly influenced by attitude, subjective norms and TR. Overall, the results indicate that the model provides a good understanding of factors that influence the intention to use internet banking service. The model explained 63.8 percent of the variance in the behavioral intention. Practical implications – The findings are of great use to banks already offering internet banking but of even greater use for those banks which are planning to offer internet banking services. The results of the study could serve as a guideline for bank managers in understanding the factors and strategic market planning that needs to be initiated to increase internet banking adoption among current and potential customers. Originality/value – Factors such as perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use and relative advantage have been found to be the determinants of internet banking adoption in previous studies. Along with the above variables, a new variable called TR has been analyzed in the present study. This kind of study has not been conducted in the Middle East context previously.
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AKŞİT ERGEN, Gizem, and Fulya MEMİŞOĞLU ZAİMOĞLU. "TERRORISM AND REFUGEE PERCEPTIONS: COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF GERMANY AND TÜRKİYE." Kafkas Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi 14, no. 28 (December 29, 2023): 902–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.36543/kauiibfd.2023.036.
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Since the 1990s, the dynamics between migration and security have undergone a profound shift, notably influenced by pivotal events such as 9/11, the Arab Spring, and conflicts in the Middle East. States now perceive migration as an asymmetric threat within the migration-security paradigm, extending concerns to border security, economic stability, ethnic identity preservation, and heightened xenophobia. This study explores the intertwined concerns of migration and security, examining shifts in perceptions of terrorism and refugees. The research uses an exploratory case study approach, focusing on Turkey and Germany, both hosting significant refugee populations post-Arab Spring. The analysis centers on the discourse surrounding terrorism, migration, and refugees in Turkish and German mass media, with a specific emphasis on widely circulated national newspapers. The study covers the period from 2015 to 2020, a critical time marked by heightened migration flows to Europe. The primary goal is to discern whether the discourse on "terrorism" functions as a securitization tool within this intricate nexus.
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FITUNI, L. L. "THROUGH THE PRISM OF PREDICTIVE АNALYTICS: CULTURAL AND IDEOLOGICAL TRENDS IN THE MIDDLE EAST AND THE PROBLEM OF TERRORISM." Outlines of global transformations: politics, economics, law 10, no. 2 (November 2, 2017): 110–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.23932/2542-0240-2017-10-2-110-127.
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The article is an attempt to predict the main trends of the political, cultural and ideological development of the Middle East in the medium and long term, taking into account the impact of international terrorism. To provide optimal solutions possible the author identifies a number of core components. Basing this selection he offers his vision of the likely behaviour of key state and non-state actors as well as the forthcoming fate of the objects of their attention. In preparing the scenarios, the main methods of predictive analytics were used: statistical analysis, intellectual analysis of data, analysis of patterns and models conducted within the framework of the Russian Foundation for Basic Research project “The Phenomenon of the Islamic State” in the context of the development of a modern Eastern society. “The article is based on an interpretation of the main conclusions and results of using those methods and methodologies. The article asserts that the recent growth of radical Islam in the East and political populism in the West are close root causes. Despite all the differences in the rhetoric and the outward forms, they represent a defensive response on the part of those segments of Eastern and Western societies that have failed to adjust to rigid paradigms of globalization. Intra- and inter-confessional conflicts may become the prevailing form of military threats in the region, beginning around the 2020s. Their heralds are already visible in conflicts in Iraq, Syria, Yemen and, to a lesser extent, in Lebanon, Bahrain and on the east coast of the Arabian Peninsula. Interstate Shiite-Sunni contradictions have so far been limited by political-ideological confrontation and diplomatic demarches, sometimes accompanied by various embargoes, such as the recent Qatar crisis. Even the physical destruction of the selfproclaimed Islamic pseudo-state in MENA will take some time. Under favorable circumstances, ISIS units may be squeezed out of the important settlements of Syria and Iraq within a year. This will not mean the end of ISIS. The experience of the war with terrorist groups in Libya, Algeria, West Africa, Somalia, Afghanistan, and Southeast Asia shows that even when driven out into the desert or sparsely populated areas, fragmented but linked groups of terrorists continue for quite some time to inflict harassing attacks on government forces and objects, to make long sorties and to arrange spectacular acts of terrorism. Most likely, the forces interested in maintaining the problems of international terrorism high on the agenda will not sit idly by but will undertake spectacular and noteworthy actions to keep terrorism issues in the limelight. As a result, the intensity of terrorist attacks in the West may increase, since even limited terrorist attacks in Europe cause more media coverage in the world media than any acts of terrorism in the Middle East. To achieve these goals, new channels and forms of imple mentation of terrorist attacks will be used, such as terrorist acts involving children, ordinary means of transport, during the course of mass and symbolic political events, elections, etc.
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Go, Sujung, Alexei Lyapustin, Gregory L. Schuster, Myungje Choi, Paul Ginoux, Mian Chin, Olga Kalashnikova, et al. "Inferring iron-oxide species content in atmospheric mineral dust from DSCOVR EPIC observations." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 22, no. 2 (January 27, 2022): 1395–423. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-1395-2022.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract. The iron-oxide content of dust in the atmosphere and most notably its apportionment between hematite (α-Fe2O3) and goethite (α-FeOOH) are key determinants in quantifying dust's light absorption, its top of atmosphere ultraviolet (UV) radiances used for dust monitoring, and ultimately shortwave dust direct radiative effects (DREs). Hematite and goethite column mass concentrations and iron-oxide mass fractions of total dust mass concentration were retrieved from the Deep Space Climate Observatory (DSCOVR) Earth Polychromatic Imaging Camera (EPIC) measurements in the ultraviolet–visible (UV–Vis) channels. The retrievals were performed for dust-identified aerosol plumes over land using aerosol optical depth (AOD) and the spectral imaginary refractive index provided by the Multi-Angle Implementation of Atmospheric Correction (MAIAC) algorithm over six continental regions (North America, North Africa, West Asia, Central Asia, East Asia, and Australia). The dust particles are represented as an internal mixture of non-absorbing host and absorbing hematite and goethite. We use the Maxwell Garnett effective medium approximation with carefully selected complex refractive indices of hematite and goethite that produce mass fractions of iron-oxide species consistent with in situ values found in the literature to derive the hematite and goethite volumetric/mass concentrations from MAIAC EPIC products. We compared the retrieved hematite and goethite concentrations with in situ dust aerosol mineralogical content measurements, as well as with published data. Our data display variations within the published range of hematite, goethite, and iron-oxide mass fractions for pure-mineral-dust cases. A specific analysis is presented for 15 sites over the main dust-source regions. Sites in the central Sahara, Sahel, and Middle East exhibit a greater temporal variability of iron oxides relative to other sites. The Niger site (13.52∘ N, 2.63∘ E) is dominated by goethite over the Harmattan season with a median of ∼ 2 weight percentage (wt %) of iron oxide. The Saudi Arabia site (27.49∘ N, 41.98∘ E) over the Middle East also exhibited a surge of goethite content with the beginning of the shamal season. The Sahel dust is richer in iron oxide than Saharan and northern China dust except in summer. The Bodélé Depression area shows a distinctively lower iron-oxide concentration (∼ 1 wt %) throughout the year. Finally, we show that EPIC data allow the constraining of the hematite refractive index. Specifically, we select 5 out of 13 different hematite refractive indices that are widely variable in published laboratory studies by constraining the iron-oxide mass ratio to the known measured values. The provided climatology of hematite and goethite mass fractions across the main dust regions of Earth will be useful for dust shortwave DRE studies and climate modeling.