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Relevant bibliographies by topics / Mass murder

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Academic literature on the topic 'Mass murder'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 29 July 2024

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Journal articles on the topic "Mass murder"

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Gordon, Laura Suzanne. "Mass Murder." Feminist Studies 21, no. 1 (1995): 165. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3178324.

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Knoll, James L. "Mass Murder." Psychiatric Clinics of North America 35, no. 4 (2012): 757–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.psc.2012.08.001.

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Diaz, Madelyn, Kayla Toohy, Ketty Fernandez, Lin Huff-Corzine, and Amy Reckdenwald. "Out of Sight, Out of Mind: An Analysis of Family Mass Murder Offenders in the US, 2006-2017." Journal of Mass Violence Research 1, no. 1 (2022): 25–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.53076/jmvr82831.

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In recent years, media attention has increasingly focused on sensationalized forms of mass murder across the United States, thereby diverting attention on the most frequent typology of mass murder events: family mass murders. The current study addresses limitations within this body of work and provides an analysis of demographic and case characteristics associated with distinct family mass murder offender types. The current study utilizes the USA Today database, Behind the Bloodshed, and public news articles to assess 163 family mass murder incidents that occurred from 2006 to 2017. Using this database, which defines mass murder as the killing of four or more victims excluding the offender, there were an average of 14 family mass murders annually, most often committed by a current or former intimate male partner using a firearm as the weapon of choice. Additional case characteristics were examined and revealed significant differences based on the gender of the offender as well as by victim-offender relationship type. Recommendations for future research include examining the impact of gun violence prevention responses in domestic violence cases and providing a comparative study of two and three victim counts to better inform law, policy, and the public about what is often hidden away as a private family matter.

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Artamonova, Elena, and Maria Tretyak. "Mass Murder in Educational Establishments: Opportunities for Using Criminal Law Means of Counteraction." Russian Journal of Criminology 16, no. 2 (2022): 229–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.17150/2500-4255.2022.16(2).229-239.

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As the cases of mass murders in educational establishments grow in number, it becomes necessary to determine the measures necessary for counteracting this crime in modern conditions. The conducted research allowed the authors to identify the concept and types of armed attacks on life in educational establishments. They prove the necessity of including mass murder in Part 3 of Art. 105 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation and increasing the minimum penalty to 15-year imprisonment. The authors also conclude that the most common punishment for the murder of more than two persons committed using a publicly dangerous method is imprisonment for 15-20 years. In most cases, such punishment was imposed for the murder of 2-3 persons and the presence of two aggravating circumstances. Imprisonment for 20 to 25 years inclusively and life imprisonment was imposed for murdering 6-8 persons and the presence of two qualifying features in combination with other crimes. In 16 mass murders committed in educational establishments in the last seven years, the above-mentioned measures can only be applied to two criminals, as in other cases the culprits either were underage, or committed suicide. It is possible that the measures developed and implemented in 2021, which increase punishment for illegal trade in civilian weapons, will be somewhat effective in preventing mass murders by persons under 21 years of age. However, there are considerable doubts regarding the effectiveness of such measures for preventing especially grave crimes committed by persons who have already reached this age. A detailed analysis of punishments for the extreme cases of especially grave crimes makes it possible to conclude that life imprisonment does not provide any opportunities for imposing a stricter punishment depending on the number of persons who were murdered or were in danger of sustaining such harm. Consequently, it is possible to believe that the right punishment for this category of criminals is capital punishment, and its main goal is prevention.

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Korman, Gerd, and Deborah E. Lipstadt. "Mass Murder Hides Holocaust." Reviews in American History 15, no. 3 (1987): 474. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2702047.

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Lester, David. "Trends in Mass Murder." Psychological Reports 90, no. 3_suppl (2002): 1122. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pr0.2002.90.3c.1122.

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From 1976 to 1996, the proportion of murder incidents with 5 or more victims showed no linear trend or association with selected social indicators, e.g., birth rate, unemployment rate, and homicide rate.

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LESTER, DAVID. "TRENDS IN MASS MURDER." Psychological Reports 90, no. 3 (2002): 1122. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pr0.90.3.1122-1122.

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LESTER, DAVID. "TRENDS IN MASS MURDER." Psychological Reports 90, no. 4 (2002): 1122. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pr0.90.4.1122-1122.

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Jager, Alan Deighton. "Mass murder in Australia." Current Opinion in Psychiatry 17, no. 5 (2004): 407–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.yco.0000139979.68060.13.

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Katsavdakis, Kostas A., J. Reid Meloy, and Stephen G. White. "A Female Mass Murder." Journal of Forensic Sciences 56, no. 3 (2011): 813–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1556-4029.2010.01692.x.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Mass murder"

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Hillshafer, David. "Managing the Problem of Mass Murder." Digital Commons at Loyola Marymount University and Loyola Law School, 2013. https://digitalcommons.lmu.edu/etd/398.

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Aamaas, Åsmund. "Mass murder and motivation : the Rwandan genocide." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/3564.

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Includes bibliographical references (leaves 126-134).<br>This project is about mass murderers and the motivation for becoming perpetrators of mass murder. The Rwandan genocide is chosen as a case study. The project strives to explain what seems inexplicable; why tens of thousands of Rwandan men and women turned into killers during the hundred days of genocide in 1994, most of them with no history of murderous behaviour. This project is a testimony to the human capacity for evil. The motivations behind the Rwandan perpetrators were probably not umque. Similar motivations were important to different mass murders. Other mass murders, most importantly the Holocaust, serve as a theoretical and empirical backdrop throughout this thesis. This adds a comparative dimension to the study. This thesis is divided into six chapters with the main focus upon three motivational factors behind the perpetrators of the Rwandan genocide: history, ideology and ordinary human traits. The first chapter introduces us to the topic of mass murder and discusses methodological issues in connection with the thesis. A qualitative analysis will be dominant in investigating the data; the data was gathered through interviews undertaken in Rwanda, South Africa and Norway, reports, documentaries, court verdicts and other secondary sources. In the second chapter, perpetrators behind one massacre, the killing of several thousand Tutsis at the Catholic Church in Nyarubuye, speak about their motivations for becoming perpetrators. The third chapter gives an introduction to the history of Rwanda and shows how distinction between Hutus and Tutsis became an ever more important part of Rwandan society from pre colonial times until the 1994 genocide. The fourth chapter builds an understanding of the importance of ideology for the perpetrators involved in the mass murder. The fifth chapter shows that general psychological traits were important for turning tens of thousands of Hutus into mass murderers. As we shall see in the conclusion, a history of distinction, Hutu Power ideology and ordinary psychological traits were all factors motivating the perpetrators of the 1994 Rwandan genocide.

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Gresswell, David Mark. "Multiple murder in England and Wales 1982-1991 : an analysis." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.324113.

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Multiple murder has attracted comparatively little attention amongst academic researchers. The present study offers a description of the phenomenon of Multiple Homicide in England and Wales over a 10 year period based on interviews with perpetrators and study of archival records. Results were analysed in two ways: First, using conventional statistical methods, and second, using multiple sequential functional analysis to challenge existing typologies, highlight the role of psychological process and to emphasise the important role of environmental events. The analysis revealed a very heterogeneous population although experiences such as social isolation and frustration were not uncommon. Unlike the perpetrators described in many American studies histories of physical and sexual childhood abuse and neglect were not the norm in this population and were felt to have little association with multiple murder. The issues raised by the methodology and the implications of the study for profiling, identification of possible offenders, treatment targets, and future areas of research are discussed.

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Broscoe, Molly. "`Who’s the Alpha Male Now Bitches’: Masculinity Narratives in Mass Murder Manifestos." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2021. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1626357258853525.

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Van, Geem Stephen G. "Status and Slaughter: The Psyco-social Factors that Influence Public Mass Murder." DigitalCommons@USU, 2009. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/470.

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Even though public mass shootings are relatively rare, they represent an atypical form of violence that is both sudden and yields an unprecedented amount of carnage; for these reasons, an inordinate amount of scholarship has been produced in order to isolate both the causes and effects of these rampages. As there is no clear cut and universal cause, over the past forty years numerous factors have been offered to account for these types of shootings, including bullying, peer relations, family problems, cultural conflict, demographic change, mental illness, gun culture, copycatting, and the media. While there appears to be an element of truth in each of these perspectives, all of these isolated factors focus upon only one or two surface-level influences, thus ignoring the possibility that multiple and distinct causes are interacting with one another. The aim of this study is to construct a meaningful model of motivation that is common to each situation, is to build upon psycho-social theories of crime, and to highlight which combination of specific background factors and processes is necessary to produce these vicious massacres. To answer the underlying research question, "Why do certain individuals elect this specific line of action?" this thesis will first provide a review of the relevant literature, will then emphasize three key social and psychological predisposers that combine together to negatively influence the individuals involved, and will subsequently highlight five separate and unique case studies in order to examine the proposed model.

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Milby, John D. "Preempting mass murder: improving law enforcement risk assessments of persons with mental illness." Thesis, Monterey, California: Naval Postgraduate School, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10945/45227.

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Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited<br>Across the United States, mass murder events have been on the rise for nearly a decade. This thesis found that persons with serious mental illness perpetrated a statistically significant number of these events. Currently, law enforcement agencies are often the first—and in many communities the only resource—available to assist and assess mentally ill persons in crisis. This thesis investigated the current state of law enforcement training as it relates to assessing dangerousness and the risk for violence among persons with serious mental illness. It found that there is very little training and no risk assessment tool or guide currently available to assist law enforcement officers tasked with assessing mentally ill persons for dangerousness. Subsequently, this thesis examined alternative methods and models for assessing risk, including clinical violence risk assessments, and it conducted summary case studies. These included cases in which mentally ill persons committed acts of mass murder and cases where law enforcement successfully intervened and prevented mentally ill persons from carrying out planned violence. As a result of this research and analysis, a field risk assessment guide has been developed and recommended for adoption to aid law enforcement officers in assessing the dangerousness of mentally ill persons.

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Bryant, Michael S. "Confronting medical mass murder : the U.S. and West German euthanasia trials, 1945-1965." The Ohio State University, 2001. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1259851826.

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Forté, Beverly K. "Coping with Severe, Acute Psychological Trauma: the Killeen Shooting Incident." Thesis, University of North Texas, 1994. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc278407/.

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The present study examined the relationship between coping and psychological and psychosomatic distress of 25 individuals who experienced the same severe, acute traumatic event: the violent shooting that killed 23 people and severely injured 20 more in Luby's Cafeteria in Killeen, Texas, on October 16, 1991. Distress was assessed by one-month pre-event and post-event scores on the SCL-90R, Psychosomatic Questionnaire, and by a Life Event Questionnaire score for the year before the incident. Coping was measured by a modified version of the Ways of Coping Scale (Folkman et al., 1986) and Response Style Questionnaire (Nolen-Hoeksema & Morrow, 1991). All post-event distress scores, except the Psychosomatic score, significantly increased over their corresponding pre-event scores regardless of gender. Although female distress scores were consistently higher than male scores, gender was predictive of post-event distress only for the SCL-90R Anxiety, Somatization, and Global Severity Index scales. The only pre-event score found to be predictive of post-event distress was the Psychosomatic scale. Regression analysis, with demographic and pre-event variables controlled, found a significant positive relationship between Escape/Avoidance coping and one-month post-event levels of Anxiety and Psychosomatic distress. Findings were discussed in the context of the process-oriented stress-illness model and were compared to current disaster and crime victimization literature. Implications for helping professionals, methodological issues, and implications for future research were explored.

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Hamlett, Laura E. "Common Psycholinguistic Themes in Mass Murderer Manifestos." ScholarWorks, 2017. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/3493.

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Mass murder in the United States is increasing, yet understanding of mass murderers is still relatively limited. Many perpetrators compose manifestos, which include journals, blogs, letters, videos, and other writings. Previous research has indicated that personal messages are of great social and psychological importance; however, there remains an important gap in the current literature regarding studies specific to these manifestos. As such, the purpose of this qualitative multiple case study was to provide greater understanding of mass murderers' motives and mindsets through psycholinguistic analysis of their recorded words. The constructivist conceptual framework enabled gathering, analyzing, interpreting, and reporting thematic language from a purposeful sample of 12 American mass murderer manifestos, all of which were freely available online. The 6 research questions aligned with 6 psycholinguistic themes: ego survival and revenge; pseudocommando mindset: persecution, envy, obliteration; envy; nihilism; entitlement; and heroic revenge fantasy. Descriptive and analytical coding allowed for the identification of sentences and passages representative of each theme. Findings revealed a high degree of support for nihilism and ego survival and revenge, moderate support for heroic revenge fantasy and pseudocommando mindset, and limited support for entitlement and envy. These findings contribute to the existing literature, enhancing social change initiatives through increased understanding of mass murderers' communications and prompting further needed research. With greater awareness comes the potential for early identification and intervention, which may favorably impact psychology and law enforcement professionals and at-risk individuals.

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Wills, Angelica. "Characteristics of Fame-Seeking Individuals Who Completed or Attempted Mass Murder in the United States." ScholarWorks, 2019. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/7097.

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Previous researchers have found mass murderers characterized as loners, victims of bullying, goths, and individuals who had a psychotic break. A gap in the literature that remained concerned the motive and mindset of mass murderers before their attack, particularly those who seek fame, and why they are motivated by such violent intentions. The purpose of this study was to provide a deeper analysis of the characteristics of fame-seeking individuals who have completed or attempted mass murder, as well as insight into their behavior on social media. The conceptual framework consisted of a constructivist model, which guided the exploration the purposeful sample of 12 Americans who completed or attempted mass murder. The research questions aligned with themes provided by Bandura's social learning theory, Sulloway's theory of birth order and family dynamics, Millon and Davis's psychopathy theories, O'Toole's findings on the copycat effect, and Lankford's criteria for fame-seeking mass murderers, and guided an analysis of open-source data. Six main themes among fame-seeking individuals in the United States who had completed or attempted mass murder emerged: (a) fame as primary motivation, (b) preoccupation with violence, (c) presence of specific role models/copycat behavior, (d) strong opinions about society/racial groups, (e) symptoms of narcissism/mood disorder/personality disorder, and (f) failed relationships. These findings add to the knowledge about mass murder and fame seeking. Social change may occur through recommended evaluation of and improvements in current mental health approaches, improved threat assessment, expanded education on characteristics of mass murderers, and dissemination of information related to mass murder.

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Books on the topic "Mass murder"

1

Copyright Paperback Collection (Library of Congress), ed. Murder for Christ's mass. Berkley Prime Crime, 2009.

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Levin, Jack. Mass murder: America's growing menace. Plenum Press, 1985.

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Lane, Brian. The encyclopedia of mass murder. Carroll & Graf, 2004.

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Michael, Newton. Mass murder: An annotated bibliography. Garland Pub., 1988.

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Lane, Brian. The encyclopedia of mass murder. Carroll & Graf, 2004.

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Aldo, Musci, Scarso Alessandro, and Tavella Giuseppe, eds. Vivere per uccidere: Serial killer, mass-murder, family murder, ritual murder. Calusca, 1997.

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Sarteschi, Christine M. Mass and Serial Murder in America. Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-44281-5.

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T, Holmes Stephen, ed. Mass murder in the United States. Prentice Hall, 2001.

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Preez, Wilhelmus Petrus Du. Genocide: The psychology of mass murder. Boyars/Bowerdean, 1994.

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Rummel, R. J. Democide: Nazi genocide and mass murder. Transaction Publishers, 1992.

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Book chapters on the topic "Mass murder"

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Sarteschi, Christine M. "Mass Murder." In SpringerBriefs in Psychology. Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-44281-5_4.

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van Pelt, Nadia Thérèse. "Mass murder." In Drama in Medieval and Early Modern Europe. Routledge, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780429202056-2.

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Arboleda-Florez, J., and Heather Holley. "What is mass murder?" In Psychiatry. Springer US, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-2365-5_63.

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Sharma, Shridhar. "Mass Murder by Women." In Psychiatry. Springer US, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-2365-5_66.

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Levin, Jack, and James Alan Fox. "Making Sense of Mass Murder." In Handbook of Psychological Approaches with Violent Offenders. Springer US, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-4845-4_10.

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Herf, Jeffrey. "The Ideology of Mass Murder." In Responses to 7 October: Antisemitic Discourse. Routledge, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003497295-5.

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Aschheim, Steven E. "Nietzsche, Anti-Semitism and Mass Murder." In Culture and Catastrophe. Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-24401-0_4.

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Herzog, Todd. "A City Tracks a Murderer: Mass Murder and Mass Public in Weimar Germany." In Police Forces. Palgrave Macmillan US, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230607477_6.

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Turvey, Brent E. "Mass Murder." In Criminal Profiling. Elsevier, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-12-385243-4.00021-6.

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Aggrawal, A. "MASS MURDER." In Encyclopedia of Forensic and Legal Medicine. Elsevier, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b0-12-369399-3/00233-0.

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Conference papers on the topic "Mass murder"

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Sarapin, Susan H., and Glenn G. Sparks. "The Effects of Crime-Drama TV Viewing on Mock Jurors in a Murder Trial." In Annual International Conference on Journalism & Mass Communications. Global Science & Technology Forum (GSTF), 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.5176/2301-3729_jmcomm12.10.

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Wiharja, Chandra K., and Alex Jhon. "The Equivalence Problems in the Translation of “Pretext for Mass Murder: The September 30th Movement and Suharto’s Coup d’Etat in Indonesia”." In BINUS Joint International Conference. SCITEPRESS - Science and Technology Publications, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.5220/0010010304520456.

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Puglisi, Donatella. "Employing gas sensor technologies for investigation of complex odor profiles." In Framtidens Skadeplats 2023. Linköping University Electronic Press, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.3384/ecp194.616.

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In the case of a mass disaster, terror attack, murder, war, or other catastrophic events, it is of outmost importance to find and rescue survivors, and to identify victims and human remains. Cadaver-detection dogs (CDDs) are trained and employed in forensics investigations due to their extraordinary olfactory capability. They are considered the most rapid and efficient tool for odor detection. However, there are critical legal and ethical concerns about using CDD results as evidence in court. It is, therefore, necessary to find innovative solutions that may help investigators to overcome the existing constraints. Here, we present our preliminary results on the use of gas sensor technologies and quantitative methods for identification and classification of organic compounds that are key in odor detection. Due to the existing restrictions in acquiring human remains training aids, we used animal remains as training aids for laboratory tests under controlled environmental conditions. By use of linear discriminant analysis as a statistical method to analyze and evaluate raw data, we were able to clearly distinguish different samples of fresh meat as well as rotten meat (reindeer, deer, and chicken). With our study, we aim to contribute to a better understanding of the highly variable and complex odor profile of training aids for further enhancement and, eventually, standardization of the current CDD training practices used to find missing people.

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Hemalatha, M., and Zayaraz Godandapani. "A Novel Fast Mask Recurrent Convolutional Neural Network Developed to Detect the Accurate Location of PCG Murmur." In 2023 International Conference on Circuit Power and Computing Technologies (ICCPCT). IEEE, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iccpct58313.2023.10245814.

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Flores, Patricia Andrea S., and Marjualita Theresa T. Malapo. "Road to Damascus: A Narrative Inquiry on Transformation Stories of Formerly Convicted Notorious Criminals Adhering to Christian Faith." In 7th International Conference on Spirituality and Psychology. Tomorrow People Organization, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.52987/icsp.2022.007.

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Abstract Serial killers, rapists, terrorists, and other notorious criminals are often labeled "criminals forever." Recovery for this group is unusual, according to post-positivist studies. However, positive spiritual psychology says differently. In Christian theology, Saul, a notorious mass murderer, went to Damascus and became Paul, a righteous man. Hence, this study unraveled the breakthrough stories of real-life Pauls, or formerly convicted notorious criminals before, during, and after adhering to the Christian faith. Through narrative inquiry, ten purposively selected samples were assessed through Psychology's triad of affect, behavior, and cognitions (ABC). Thematic analysis revealed that participants were chronic malefactors with vile and remorseless compulsions for victimization before adhering to the Christian faith. Egotistical convictions drove their actions. Uniformly, a similar epiphany occurred through their spiritual encounters with the Divine. From then on, they insouciantly live with rectitude, compassion, and selfless credo, which is deemed undoable with their willpower but doable with God's might. The revolutionary study reveals that individuals repented, resisted compulsions, repaired harms, and recovered right after being changed, contrary to nonlinear relapses of recidivists. The study highlights the penumbra that "change can happen even to the worst of the wicked." No matter how notorious one can be, the power of spirituality can transcend beyond human understanding onward the inner workings of the mind, body, and spirit. Based on these results, the research suggests studying Quantum Change, an underutilized concept in psychology. Still, it has been linked to effective holistic transformations. KEYWORDS: Transformation, Quantum change, epiphany, notorious criminals, divine, spirituality

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van Heek, Aliki, Florence Charpin, Steven van der Marck, et al. "HTR Pebble Fuel Burnup Experimental Benchmark." In Fourth International Topical Meeting on High Temperature Reactor Technology. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/htr2008-58134.

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The HTR pebble fuel experiment HFR EU1bis was irradiated in the High Flux Reactor, Petten, The Netherlands, in 2004 and 2005. It consisted of five fuel pebbles from the German HTR program (GLE4 type, UO2 fuel, 16.75% enrichment) and six minisamples (UO2 fuel, 9.75% enrichment). Its instrumentation included three flux monitor sets. The experiment was loaded in a REFA-170 rig, surrounded by a strongly moderating filler element. The central fuel temperature was held at 1250°C during the irradiation. In the framework of the European RAPHAEL project, Post Irradiation Examination (PIE) has been done at NRG in Petten, The Netherlands and at JRC ITU in Karlsruhe, Germany. In Petten, flux monitor analysis has been done, whereas in Karlsruhe, a quantitative evaluation of γ-emitters was used to make a burn-up determination. A benchmark description based on this experiment has been written by NRG. Until now, five RAPHAEL project participants have modeled the experiment, each with their own neutronics code system. Participating codes are three versions of MONTEBURNS (MCNP with ORIGEN), MURE/MCNP and OCTOPUS (MCNP with FISPACT). The pebble burnup and isotopic inventories (Bq/gram initial HM) of selected fission products and actinides in the fuel pebble samples are both calculated and determined by gamma spectrometry, mass spectrometry and ion chromatography by JRC-ITU. Additionally, two participants calculated the flux monitor activities that were measured by NRG. A burnup measurement of 11.0 % FIMA by gamma spectrometry could be confirmed by calculation. Differences between the various modeling approaches and the experimental burn-up determination will be discussed.

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Reports on the topic "Mass murder"

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Hillestad, Torgeir Martin. The Metapsychology of Evil: Main Theoretical Perspectives Causes, Consequences and Critique. University of Stavanger, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.31265/usps.224.

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The purpose of this text or dissertation is to throw some basic light on a fundamental problem concerning manhood, namely the question of evil, its main sources, dynamics and importance for human attitudes and behaviour. The perspective behind the analysis itself is that of psychology. Somebody, or many, may feel at bit nervous by the word “evil” itself. It may very well be seen as too connected to religion, myth and even superstition. Yet those who are motivated to lose oneself in the subject retain a deep interest in human destructiveness, malevolence and hate, significant themes pointing at threatening prospects for mankind. The text is organized or divided into four main ordinary chapters, the three first of them organized or divided into continuous and numbered sections. A crucial point or question is of cause how to define evil itself. It can of cause be done both intentional, instrumental and by consequence. Other theorists however have stated that the concept of evil exclusively rests on a myth originated in the Judean-Christian conception of Satan and ultimate evil. This last argument presupposes evil itself as non-existent in the real rational world. It seems however a fact that most people attach certain basic meaning to the concept, mainly that it represents ultimately bad and terrible actions and behaviour directed toward common people for the purpose of bringing upon them ultimate pain and suffer. However, there is no room for essentialism here, meaning that we simply can look “inside” some original matter to get to know what it “really” is. Rather, a phenomenon gets its identity from the constituted meaning operating within a certain human communities and contexts loaded with intentionality and inter-subjective meaning. As mentioned above, the concept of evil can be interpreted both instrumental and intentional, the first being the broadest of them. Here evil stands for behaviour and human deeds having terrifying or fatal consequences for subjects and people or in general, regardless of the intentions behind. The intentional interpretation however, links the concept to certain predispositions, characteristics and even strong motives in subjects, groups and sometimes political systems and nations. I will keep in mind and clear the way for both these perspectives for the discussion in prospect. This essay represents a psychological perspective on evil, but makes it clear that a more or less complete account of such a psychological view also should include a thorough understanding or integration of some basic social and even biological assumptions. However, I consider a social psychological position of significant importance, especially because in my opinion it represents some sort of coordination of knowledge and theoretical perspectives inherent in the subject or problem itself, the main task here being to integrate perspectives of a psychological as well as social and biological kind. Since humans are essential social creatures, the way itself to present knowledge concerning the human condition, must be social of some sort and kind, however not referring to some kind of reductionism where social models of explanation possess or holds monopoly. Social and social psychological perspectives itself represents parts of the whole matter regarding understanding and explanation of human evil. The fact that humans present, or has to represent themselves as humans among other humans, means that basically a social language is required both to explain and describe human manners and ways of being. This then truly represents its own way or, more correctly, level or standard of explanation, which makes social psychology some sort of significant, though not sufficient. More substantial, the vision itself of integrating different ontological and theoretical levels and objects of science for the purpose of manifesting or make real a full-fledged psychological perspective on evil, should be considered or characterized a meta-psychological perspective. The text is partially constructed as a review of existing theories and theorists concerning the matter of evil and logically associated themes such as violence, mass murder, genocide, antisocial behaviour in general, aggression, hate and cruelty. However, the demands of making a theoretical distinction between these themes, although connected, is stressed. Above all, an integral perspective combining different scientific disciplines is aimed at.

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