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1

Lawton, P., and F. J. Murphy. "Hong Kong mass transit railway power supply system." IEE Proceedings C Generation, Transmission and Distribution 133, no. 7 (1986): 462. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/ip-c.1986.0070.

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2

Lee, Anru. "Subways as a Space of Cultural Intimacy: The Mass Rapid Transit System in Taipei, Taiwan." China Journal 58 (July 2007): 31–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/tcj.58.20066306.

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3

Newton, Wilfrid. "Trends in Rail Transit: London Underground and Hong Kong Mass Transit Railway Corporation." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part F: Journal of Rail and Rapid Transit 207, no. 1 (January 1993): 17–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/pime_proc_1993_207_223_02.

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This paper compares the development of the London Underground and Hong Kong metro systems. The author describes the environment that both systems operate in. He concludes by outlining the steps being taken to modernize London Underground.
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4

Gill, D. C., and C. J. Goodman. "Computer-based optimisation techniques for mass transit railway signalling design." IEE Proceedings B Electric Power Applications 139, no. 3 (1992): 261. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/ip-b.1992.0031.

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5

Gaffney, Phil. "Automatic Train Control System — Hong Kong Mass Transit Railway Corporation." Measurement and Control 20, no. 7 (August 1987): 104–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/002029408702000702.

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6

Edgley, Ralph. "Design for safety for the Hong Kong Mass Transit Railway." Power Engineering Journal 3, no. 3 (1989): 129. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/pe:19890025.

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7

Lo, Steven Ka Ho, Billy Yin Sing O, and Jimmy Chun Yu Louie. "Food and beverage advertising in Hong Kong mass transit railway stations." Public Health Nutrition 23, no. 14 (June 11, 2020): 2563–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s136898002000083x.

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AbstractObjectives:To examine the extent and characteristics of food and beverage (F&B) promotion in Hong Kong mass transit railway (MTR) stations in districts with different socioeconomic statuses (SES) and school density.Design:All advertisements located in the eight selected MTR stations were recorded by photographs or videos, and classified into F&B and non-F&B. The percentage of F&B advertisements and unhealthy F&B being promoted, and common persuasive marketing strategies used in F&B advertisements were compared between low v. high SES districts and school zones v. non-school zones.Setting:MTR stations in Hong Kong.Participants:Not applicable.Results:Of the 8064 advertisements documented, 861 (10·7 %) were F&B advertisements, promoting 1860 F&B items. More than half of the these were unhealthy foods. Stations in high SES districts or school zones tend to advertise more unhealthy items (high v. low SES: 55·8 v. 50·8 %, P = 0·049; school v. non-school: 60·8 v. 49·3 %, P < 0·001). More than one-third of the F&B advertisements recorded did not utilise any of those persuasive marketing techniques that were examined, and using models (13·9 %) or providing discounts (8·8 %) were the two most frequently used non-festival-related persuasive marketing strategies.Conclusions:Unhealthy F&B advertising in MTR stations is prevalent regardless of SES and school density, and persuasive marketing strategies were infrequently used. These suggest that a ban on unhealthy F&B advertising around schools or the use of persuasive marketing strategies alone would be ineffective in Hong Kong. To align with the recommendation from WHO, a universal ban of junk food advertising should be enacted.
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8

Liu, J. N. K., and K. Y. Sin. "Fuzzy neural networks for machine maintenance in mass transit railway system." IEEE Transactions on Neural Networks 8, no. 4 (July 1997): 932–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/72.595893.

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9

Donald, W. R., J. R. Gretton, and T. D. Turner. "Procurement of Rolling Stock on the Hong Kong Mass Transit Railway." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part F: Journal of Rail and Rapid Transit 203, no. 1 (January 1989): 65–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/pime_proc_1989_203_210_02.

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This paper gives an account of the procurement of the electric multiple unit trains which have been manufactured and brought into service on the Mass Transit Railway in Hong Kong. The paper outlines the Corporation's project management and control systems used on rolling stock contracts that have been let within the three major projects constructed over the period 1975–86; the modified initial system, Tsuen Wan extension and the Island Line, and examines the development of rolling stock equipment and procurement methods within these projects and in further contracts which are still to be completed. Brief details of the railway system and parameters for design of the rolling stock are given and the paper reviews the planning, programming, forms of contract documents, tender procedures, financing methods and contract management techniques used by he Corporation in the rolling stock contracts.
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10

Chinomona, Elizabeth, Chengedzai Mafini, and Chriss Narick Mangoukou Ngouapegne. "Corporate sustainability and customer loyalty: the case of the railway industry." Corporate Ownership and Control 13, no. 3 (2016): 445–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.22495/cocv13i3c3p3.

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Introduction of the mass rapid transit railway system through the Gautrain has not only addressed the transport issue in South Africa but has also motivated and promoted the country’s economic growth by creating employment. Despite the increase in research focusing on the importance of the Gautrain to the South African economy, the influence of perceived convenience, image and safety on commuter satisfaction and loyalty in the South African mass rapid transit railway system context is still limited. This paper used a data collected from 206 Gautrain commuters in the Gauteng province of South Africa to examine the interplay between perceived convenience, image, safety, commuter satisfaction and loyalty. Smart PLS software technique was used to statistically analyse the measurement and structural models. The results revealed that perceived convenience, image and safety positively influenced commuter satisfaction, which, in turn, influenced commuter loyalty. These results may be used by marketers in mass public railway systems to initiate strategies intended to increase both commuter satisfaction and loyalty
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11

Li, James. "SIL Implementation on Safety Functions in Mass Transit System." International Journal of Mathematical, Engineering and Management Sciences 3, no. 3 (September 1, 2018): 258–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.33889/ijmems.2018.3.3-018.

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The concept of Safety Integrity Level (SIL) has been developed within different systems of standards (IEC 61508, EN50129 and DEF-STAN 00-56). These standards are applied in different areas: control technology (IEC 61508), railway technology (EN50128 and EN 50129), and defense technology (DEF-STAN-00-56). Nowadays, a lot of the mass transit turnkey projects around the world demand the contractors to follow CENELEC standards and SIL concept for the safety function implementation. Although the concept of SIL is mentioned in these standards, the interpretation of the concept of SIL in these standards is not consistent and unequivocal. This paper is written to elaborate the anomalies of SIL interpretation among these various standards in order for safety engineers to obtain a more detailed view on the concept of SIL over these standards.
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12

Poole, Brian. "English railway announcements in Singapore." English Today 25, no. 2 (May 26, 2009): 40–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266078409000170.

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ABSTRACTSingapore's Mass Rapid Transit (MRT) railway system is a highly effective and rather inexpensive way of getting around the Lion City, although locals sometimes complain about overcrowding in the carriages and about noise levels experienced in apartment blocks situated near the lines. Generally speaking, passengers are well provided with information too, including maps of the MRT system in the stations, screen data about train arrivals, and clearly enunciated announcements (in English, Mandarin, Malay and Tamil) inside the carriages about upcoming stations and connections. However, one quibble can be raised about the English version of these announcements, which sometimes features the verb ‘to alight’. This is explored.
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13

Allan, Jeff, Stuart Burdett, Philip Neal, and John Williams. "INTRODUCTION OF SYSTEMS ENGINEERING AND APPROPRIATE TOOLS TO A MASS TRANSIT RAILWAY PROJECT." INCOSE International Symposium 6, no. 1 (July 1996): 38–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/j.2334-5837.1996.tb01980.x.

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14

Lock, Graham. "Being International, Local and Chinese: Advertisements on the Hong Kong Mass Transit Railway." Visual Communication 2, no. 2 (June 2003): 195–214. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1470357203002002005.

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15

Watson, Robert. "Prospects for computer aided railway scheduling: perspectives from users and parallels from mass transit." Transportation Planning and Technology 23, no. 4 (October 2000): 303–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03081060008717655.

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16

Tricker, R. I. (Bob), and Kelly Lee. "Assessing Directors' Core Competencies - the Case of the Mass Transit Railway Corporation, Hong Kong." Corporate Governance 5, no. 2 (April 1997): 87–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1467-8683.00048.

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17

Lam, William H. K., C. Y. Cheung, and Y. F. Poon. "A study of train dwelling time at the hong kong mass transit railway system." Journal of Advanced Transportation 32, no. 3 (June 1998): 285–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/atr.5670320303.

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18

Lam, William H. K., C. Y. Cheung, and Y. F. Poon. "A study of passenger discomfort measures at the Hong Kong mass transit railway system." Journal of Advanced Transportation 33, no. 3 (June 1999): 389–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/atr.5670330308.

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19

Shiqiao, Li. "Terminating Architecture: Mega-Development in Hong Kong." Theory, Culture & Society 30, no. 7-8 (October 7, 2013): 277–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0263276413502552.

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This paper examines large development projects as a function of finance in the context of Hong Kong, taking Kowloon Station as an exceptionally revealing case. Hong Kong's property market is one of the most established in Asia, and it points to the ways in which large-scale development schemes proliferate along efficient and affordable mass transit railway systems with great speed and success. At Kowloon Station, finance redefines architecture; instead of focusing on aesthetics and community, it is now promoting standardization, market visibility and semantic control. The financial viability of these developments depends entirely on these new goals; mega-developments such as Kowloon Station – and those in other parts of Asia – are successful in inventing major mass transit railway stations as terminals, in capturing commuters within spatial enclosures surrounded by barrier-like physical features, and in terminating architecture as it has long been established as a discipline. Mega-development is increasingly reinventing the contemporary Asian city.
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20

Kwok, E. C. S., M. W. H. Sung, and S. H. S. Ng. "Traffic pattern analysis for spur lines." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part F: Journal of Rail and Rapid Transit 223, no. 3 (March 20, 2009): 223–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/09544097jrrt164.

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In a mass transit railway environment with spur lines, the interleaving of trains along different branches and the layover time at different termini could have a significant impact on fleet size and hence cost. These operational parameters could be systematically optimized without affecting the planned service levels.
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21

Prust, Richard E., John Davies, and Shuang Hu. "Pressuremeter Investigation for Mass Rapid Transit in Bangkok, Thailand." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1928, no. 1 (January 2005): 206–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0361198105192800122.

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The 20-km (12.5-mi) mass rapid transit underground railway system in central Bangkok, Thailand, recently opened for passengers. During construction, the project was divided into two separate civil design–build contracts: the northern section, comprising approximately 10 km (6.2 mi) of twin bored tunnels, and nine stations constructed within slurry walls by adopting top-down techniques. A crucial part of the design of the underground structures was the selection of appropriate design parameters for the slurry walls. The contractor was responsible for ground-related issues and carried out a detailed site investigation to confirm the ground conditions and define soil parameters for the design of the underground structures. The site investigation comprised 40 conventional wash-bored borings and six self-boring pressuremeter tests. This paper describes the site investigation that was carried out for the project and the ground conditions that were encountered, with particular focus on the use of the self-boring pressuremeter to estimate the soil strength, stiffness, and in situ pressure for use in design of the slurry walls. The paper discusses the various methods used to interpret the data and compares the parameters derived from the pressuremeter to those derived from other methods and from back-analysis of the behavior of the wall during construction. It is concluded that in the conditions in Bangkok, the pressuremeter testing provided higher strength and stiffness values than determined from other methods and that these parameters were subsequently borne out by the behavior of the underground structures.
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22

Frommer, Glenn. "Two decades of noise control engineering and implementation for the Mass Transit Railway Corporation Ltd." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 131, no. 4 (April 2012): 3263. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/1.4708187.

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23

He, Sylvia Y., Sui Tao, Yuting Hou, and Wenhua Jiang. "Mass Transit Railway, transit-oriented development and spatial justice: the competition for prime residential locations in Hong Kong since the 1980s." Town Planning Review 89, no. 5 (September 2018): 467–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.3828/tpr.2018.31.

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24

Wu, Jun, Cheng Bing Li, and Jing Fang Ge. "Discussion on the Future Building of Urban Rail Traffic Network of Hohhot." Applied Mechanics and Materials 209-211 (October 2012): 1004–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.209-211.1004.

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Based on the detailed analysis of the characteristics of urban rail traffic planning,and with analyzing city current situation of Hohhot,the necessity and sufficiency of the future network of urban rail transit in Hohhot are firstly analyzed .Then,according to the economic and social development goals of Hohhot,city scale and the present traffic situation as well as the city traffic construction planning and urban population forward distribution, the future sort of the project construction here is discussed. Finally,from the perspective of view of the economical society, some suggestions are put forward on integrated planning of urban rail transit network—— railway in order to enrich the theories and the methodology of the urban mass transit network planning.
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25

Li, Zhe. "The Evolution of Public Transport Policy in Hong Kong since 1981." Smart Construction Research 1 (August 2, 2017): 19. http://dx.doi.org/10.18063/scr.v1.275.

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Counting only the usable land, the population in Hong Kong is as dense as 34,000 people per square kilometer, and it has a highly efficient multi-modal public transport system. According to the experience of Hong Kong public transit system, highly reputable public transport services reveals that the the viability and sustainability of mass transit railways depend very much on accompanying transport policies and land development strategies. The ways to reduce traffic congestion from supply measures to demand management and change the transit mode from vehicle to railway are both based on Hong Kong’s actual situation. Finally this article emphasis on sustainable transport is a great experience which needs research with more in-depth thinking, and the evolution of public transport policy in Hong Kong is a good inspiration for the public transit development in the other great cities in the world.
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Li, Zhe. "The Evolution of Public Transport Policy in Hong Kong since 1981." Smart Construction Research 1, no. 1 (August 2, 2017): 19. http://dx.doi.org/10.18063/scr.v1i1.275.

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Counting only the usable land, the population in Hong Kong is as dense as 34,000 people per square kilometer, and it has a highly efficient multi-modal public transport system. According to the experience of Hong Kong public transit system, highly reputable public transport services reveals that the the viability and sustainability of mass transit railways depend very much on accompanying transport policies and land development strategies. The ways to reduce traffic congestion from supply measures to demand management and change the transit mode from vehicle to railway are both based on Hong Kong’s actual situation. Finally this article emphasis on sustainable transport is a great experience which needs research with more in-depth thinking, and the evolution of public transport policy in Hong Kong is a good inspiration for the public transit development in the other great cities in the world.
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27

Xue, Charlie Q. L., Luming Ma, and Ka Chuen Hui. "Indoor ‘Public’ Space: A study of atria in mass transit railway (MTR) complexes of Hong Kong." URBAN DESIGN International 17, no. 2 (May 2012): 87–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/udi.2012.6.

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28

Siu, Kin Wai Michael, and Zhao Tianjiao. "City Spaces and Human Relations in Hong Kong's Mass Transit Railway: From Circulation to Everyday Life." Journal of Human Behavior in the Social Environment 23, no. 5 (July 2013): 675–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10911359.2013.788462.

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29

LO, W. K., and F. J. O'KELLY. "Health Experience of Compressed Air Workers during Construction of the Mass Transit Railway in Hong Kong." Occupational Medicine 37, no. 1 (1987): 48–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/occmed/37.1.48.

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30

Zheng, Hai-Long, Wen-Jing Deng, Yan Cheng, and Wei Guo. "Characteristics of PM2.5, CO2 and particle-number concentration in mass transit railway carriages in Hong Kong." Environmental Geochemistry and Health 39, no. 4 (June 20, 2016): 739–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10653-016-9844-y.

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31

Aveline-Dubach, Natacha, and Guillaume Blandeau. "The political economy of transit value capture: The changing business model of the MTRC in Hong Kong." Urban Studies 56, no. 16 (January 24, 2019): 3415–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0042098018821519.

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The mechanism of land value capture (LVC) for financing urban transport, which supports the cost of transit infrastructure through the revenues of land and property, has generated a substantial body of research. However, the literature on transit-related LVC has paid little attention to the politics and strategies of value capture. This article intends to shift the focus towards the governance of LVC, based on the case study of the Mass Transit Railway Corporation (MTRC) in Hong Kong. It argues that the evolving balance of power within Hong Kong’s growth coalition has entailed a transformation of the MTRC’s business model, prompting the transit agency to shift from the development of new real estate projects to the management of existing property assets. This work provides empirical evidence of an emerging ‘management-based’ value capture strategy, which is adapted to steady or slow growing urban contexts.
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32

Saputra, Pungky Dharma. "Identification of Precast Parapet Work Activities in Elevated Railway Construction." Applied Research on Civil Engineering and Environment (ARCEE) 2, no. 02 (February 28, 2021): 52–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.32722/arcee.v2i02.3416.

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Railway infrastructure development is very massive in Indonesia. Many projects have been constructing since 2013, such as the Mass Rapid Transit (MRT), Light Rail Transit (LRT), Double-Double Track (DDT), and High-Speed Rail (HSR). And all of these projects were design with elevated structures. When applying precast parapet panel technology in the MRT project elevated section, the contractor didn’t have a reference for precast parapet work activities. Hence, it required new planning for its construction and took time. The project sample of this research was MRT Jakarta CP 103 Project. There were three stages in this research starting from documentation analysis, expert judgment, and respondent survey. There were 5 bridge construction experts and 30 respondents which were professional engineers asked for their recommendations and opinions. Descriptive analysis was applied to know the percentage of opinions. This research focuses on identifying precast parapet activities in elevated railway construction project. There are 14 activities that had been identified in this research, namely preparation, position survey, adjustment material installation, precast parapet panel shifting from trailer to the top of deck slab, precast parapet panel distribution, precast parapet panel installation, rebar parapet installation for concrete stitch, sealing work, concrete casting, formwork dismantling, and finishing. These activities will be very useful for similar precast parapet works in a future project.
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33

Nik Mohd Ainul Azman, Nik Nur Khairunnisa, Asmalia Che Ahmad, Mohmad Mohd Derus, and Izatul Farrita Mohd Kamar. "Determination of Direct to Indirect Accident Cost Ratio for Railway Construction Project." MATEC Web of Conferences 266 (2019): 03009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201926603009.

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Construction industry involves dangerous activities which few are exposed to a high risk of being fatal, injuries and damages to machinery and property. The construction of Mass Rapid Transit (MRT) and Light Rail Transit (LRT) have no exception to those accidents. The accident can bring economic burden to project stakeholders especially contractors and client. However, the accident cost is relatively complicated because of its “hidden” or “invisible” portion. Thus, this paper is aimed to determine the ratio of direct to indirect accident cost for railway construction projects. The study was conducted using self-administered questionnaire distributed to safety practitioners (n=11) at MRT and LRT construction projects. A total of 36 out of 43 reportable accident cases successfully collected for the study and were analysed with simple descriptive statistics. The findings show that the accident cost ratio for fatality is 1:1.22, permanent disability is 1:1.94, and temporary disability is 1:1.19. The overall accident ratio for all accident classifications is 1:1.23. The findings of the current study may impact future safety cost estimation process in determining the hidden accident costs for railway construction projects.
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34

Zhao, Tianjiao, and Kin Wai Michael Siu. "The Production of URT Public Space: People, Occupation, and Practice in the Hong Kong Mass Transit Railway." International Journal of Architectonic, Spatial, and Environmental Design 11, no. 3 (2017): 35–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.18848/2325-1662/cgp/v11i03/35-48.

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35

Ovalle, Andres, Julien Pouget, Seddik Bacha, Laurent Gerbaud, Emmanuel Vinot, and Benoît Sonier. "Energy storage sizing methodology for mass-transit direct-current wayside support: Application to French railway company case study." Applied Energy 230 (November 2018): 1673–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2018.09.035.

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36

Fan, Y. T., and W. F. Wu. "Dynamic Analysis and Ride Quality Evaluation of Railway Vehicles – Numerical Simulation and Field Test Verification." Journal of Mechanics 22, no. 1 (March 2006): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1727719100000721.

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AbstractA rather complete dynamic model with special emphases on nonlinear conicity and creep force and in consideration of random irregularity of rail profile is proposed to simulate the response and investigate the ride quality of railway vehicles. The CP341 vehicle that will soon be used in Taipei Rapid Transit System is considered in particular as the studied role model. Some of the field test data carried out for this type of vehicle are revealed as well and used for the verification of the proposed model. Both simulation and test results show that the resonant frequency of the studied vehicle is in the range of 0.6∼1 Hz, and the one-third octave root-mean-square acceleration curves of the vehicle in all studied cases meet the ride quality criteria set for the mass rapid transit vehicle systems. It is observed that the secondary suspension of the vehicle has the low frequency filtering property and the primary suspension has high frequency characteristics. A poorer ride quality in vertical direction rather than in lateral direction is also confirmed in the study. It is concluded that the proposed model can be used to simulate the dynamic response and evaluate the ride quality of any railway vehicle.
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37

Tang, Siman, and Hong K. Lo. "The impact of public transport policy on the viability and sustainability of mass railway transit – The Hong Kong experience." Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice 42, no. 4 (May 2008): 563–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tra.2008.01.022.

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38

Paudel, Milan, Li Jie Lim, Fook Fah Yap, and Kevin Kho. "Vibration Analysis of the Third Rail Structure of a Mass Rapid Transit System with Structural Defects." Applied Sciences 11, no. 18 (September 10, 2021): 8410. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11188410.

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The third rail is a critical piece of railway infrastructure that provides a continuous supply of electricity to power mass rapid transit trains. The vibration of the third rail may excite different resonant modes and affect its structural integrity and reliability by degrading the mechanical properties leading to the damaged or missing structural components. This paper examines vibrational characteristics of the third rail of Singapore Mass Rapid Transit system with damaged and missing structural components. Using the mathematical model, the first five, pin-to-pin modes of vibration and natural frequencies were identified and compared with modal and harmonic response obtained from ANSYS finite element models. A good agreement was observed between the analytical and numerical solutions. The study was further extended to study the sagging of the third rail due to structural failure and its impact on collector shoes. It was found that the structural defects could produce resonance modes below 5 Hz. In addition, the sagging and contact force on collector shoes increased by multiple folds when more than 2 claw structures are broken. The methods and the results presented in this article can be used as a tool for predictive maintenance by detecting possible structural failure or defects.
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39

Moyes, A. D. "Hong Kong Metro's Traction Equipment: The Drive for Efficiency." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part F: Journal of Rail and Rapid Transit 206, no. 1 (January 1992): 67–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/pime_proc_1992_206_217_02.

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This paper describes the evolution of the electric multiple unit traction equipment of the Hong Kong Mass Transit Railway Corporation (MTRC). Traction energy efficiency is particularly important to the MTRC and has been improved by 46 per cent on the most recently supplied cars. The justification for the conversion of the existing camshaft cars to chopper control and the relative merits of different types of drives in MTRC's application are discussed. The utilization of energy, the method used to optimize coasting for energy saving, life-cycle costs and the design features of the gate turn-off thyristor chopper cars are described.
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40

Xia, Yuanpu, Ziming Xiong, Hao Lu, Zhu Wen, and Chao Ma. "Fuzzy risk assessment of a deeply buried tunnel under incomplete information." Royal Society Open Science 5, no. 10 (October 2018): 180305. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsos.180305.

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Risk assessment has always been an important part of safety risk research in tunnel and underground engineering. Owing to the characteristics of tunnel construction, to achieve an expected risk control effect, it is necessary to carry out accurate risk assessment research according to the risk assessment concept based on the entire tunnel construction process. At present, because of the frequent occurrences of safety accidents, a variety of risk assessment models have been proposed for different tunnel projects such as subways and railway tunnels, which can be roughly classified into two types: probability-based and fuzzy set theories. However, the existing models may be more suitable for the construction stage, and the design stage lacks a reliable and practical fuzzy risk assessment method. Therefore, based on fuzzy set theory and similarity measure theory, a risk assessment model is proposed to adapt to the characteristics that the risk information is difficult to quantify the fuzziness in the design phase. Firstly, new ideas of fuzzy risk analysis are proposed to overcome deficiencies in existing methods; secondly, a new similarity measure is constructed; then fusing multi-source fuzzy information based on evidence theory, the relationship between similarity measure and mass function is established. Finally, the new method is applied to the Yuelongmen tunnel. Results show that the concept of risk control and the risk assessment model are feasible.
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41

Chan, Ho-Yin, Anthony Chen, Guoyuan Li, Xiangdong Xu, and William Lam. "Evaluating the value of new metro lines using route diversity measures: The case of Hong Kong's Mass Transit Railway system." Journal of Transport Geography 91 (February 2021): 102945. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jtrangeo.2020.102945.

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42

Irawan, Muhammad Zudhy, Monika Kristyana Putri, Prawira Fajarinda Belgiawan, and Reslyana Dwitasari. "Analyzing Commuters’ Behavior on Egress Trip from Railway Stations in Yogyakarta, Indonesia." Open Transportation Journal 11, no. 1 (July 21, 2017): 53–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1874447801711010053.

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Background: Prambanan Ekspres Railway is known as one of the commuting modes in Yogyakarta, Indonesia. Sufficient egress modes do not support this railway. Due to lack of urban mass transit facilities, the commuters independently utilize a reliable mode for their mobility, for instance by owning a motorcycle and using overnight parking service facility in their non-home-station. Objective: This paper aims to understand the commuters’ behavior on their egress trip when they decide to use the train as their main mode. Methods: A direct interview survey on the train was conducted during peak hours from Monday to Friday. By implementing stated preference survey, a logit model was used to analyze mode choice decision from the railway station to activity end destination. Results: The results indicate that walking distance to the parking area and bus-waiting time have a more significant impact compared to the walking distance to bus stop and in-bus travel time. Furthermore, the high cost of overnight parking also significantly influences the decision of choosing an egress mode. Otherwise, egress trip cost has less significance to encourage commuters’ to shift to bus mode.
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43

Omar, Priyanka, MVN Siva Kumar, and Subbarao Yarramsetty. "Management of Various Safety Parameters in Tunnel Construction: A Critical Review." E3S Web of Conferences 170 (2020): 06003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202017006003.

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Population is growing rapidly and so are vehicles on roads. This leads to enormous need of tunnels and subways for easy locomotion and mobilization. From conventional tunnels, for sewage and water facilities to modern electrified tunnels, for mass transit and underwater highways, method of construction of a tunnel to its safety inspection and maintenance has taken a wide leap. Tunnel construction requires wide range of resources like human, technology, machinery, materials, energy, and finance. To handle all these resources simultaneously becomes complex and requires good management. Even with good management, accidents and hazards might occur. A critical review of various safety parameters while constructing a tunnel and its management is presented in this paper. This review paper discusses the history of safety of tunnels till present safety measures and techniques adopted around the world for different tunnels; various critical factors which affect the safety in tunnels; the extent of damage occurring due to these factors; numerous preventive measures which are adopted around the world to prevent loss of property and lives in tunnels; and advanced technology and software, which are being used in modern era to enhance safety in tunnel construction. The study from manual horse drawn-tramway to autonomous robotic system has been done. This paper also considers various tunnels around the world and gives a summary of factors for safety focused on for making these tunnels, with its adopted remedy.
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Rahman, Hera Zetha, Azaria Andreas, Akhmad Dofir, Perdana Miraj Sejatiguna, and Nina Kade Nirmala. "kONSEP IMPLEMENTASI PENGEMBANGAN TOD PADA SIMPUL TRANSPORTASI MODA KERETA API (Studi Kasus: Provinsi Banten, Indonesia)." INDONESIAN JOURNAL OF CONSTRUCTION ENGINEERING AND SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT (CESD) 4, no. 1 (June 30, 2021): 63. http://dx.doi.org/10.25105/cesd.v4i1.9624.

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<p class="FormatUI"><em>A train is a mass transportation means that can carry passengers or goods on a large scale, so that the Indonesian people use it as a means of transportation both within cities and intercity/ Along with this, the train station is the main requirement needed in the movement of the rail transportation mode. Apart from the main function of the station as a place for passengers to get on or off, stations can be developed into centers of urban activities by maximizing the use of space at the station and the utilization of the surrounding space which is integrated with the development of properties high density and other supporting facilities. To realize this, an effort is needed to maximize the potential for station development through the Transit Oriented Development (TOD) approach. The development of TOD at a railway station can create an ideal distance or radius from a transportation node to occupancy, creating lower cost, time and energy efficiency so as to improve the quality of life in urban areas, and it is hoped that it can reduce the maintenance costs of the station itself through additional functions that can generate revenue. In order to optimize the function of railway stations, especially in urban areas, this study was conducted to create a concept for regional development with the concept of TOD based on railway stations. This study used a qualitative approach with the study area located in Banten Province (outside the BPTJ working area), and data collection was carried out using purposive sampling method. The result is a station that has the potential to be developed into a transit-based area in Banten Province is the Serang Station</em><em>.</em></p>
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45

Cho-Yam, Lau. "Urban Developments and Mobility Inequality of the Disadvantaged." Asian Journal of Social Science 26, no. 2 (1998): 45–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/030382498x00157.

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AbstractThis paper investigates how the mobility inequality of the disadvantaged is negatively influenced by urban socio-economic and land-use development in Hong Kong. The first part reviews the concepts of equality, mobility and the influence of socio-economic and land-use development on the mobility of the disadvantaged. The latter part investigates mobility provisions of the Mass Transit Railway and bus services by means of route tests. The findings of the route tests show that mobility inequality existed among the disadvantaged and the better-off in Hong Kong. This paper concludes that mobility inequality of the disadvantaged is due to the negative influences of socio-economic and land-use policies and developments.
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46

Kaewunruen, Sakdirat, Jessada Sresakoolchai, and Yi-hsuan Lin. "Digital twins for managing railway maintenance and resilience." Open Research Europe 1 (August 4, 2021): 91. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/openreseurope.13806.1.

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Background: To improve railway construction and maintenance, a novel digital twin that helps stakeholders visualize, share data, and monitor the progress and the condition during services is required. Building Information Modelling (BIM) is a digitalization tool, which adopts an interoperable concept that benefits the whole life-cycle assessment (LCA) of the project. BIM’s applications create higher performance on cost efficiency and optimal time schedule, helping to reduce any unexpected consumption and waste over the life cycle of the infrastructure. Methods: The digital twin will be developed using BIM embedded by the lifecycle analysis method. A case study based on Taipei Metro (TM) has been conducted to enhance the performance in operation and maintenance. Life cycles of TM will be assessed and complied with ISO14064. Operation and maintenance activities will be determined from official records provided by TM. Material flows, stocks, and potential risks in the LCA are analyzed using BIM quantification embedded by risk data layer obtained from TM. Greenhouse emission, cost consumption and expenditure will be considered for integration into the BIM. Results: BIM demonstrated strong potential to enable a digital twin for managing railway maintenance and resilience. Based on the case study, a key challenge for BIM in Taiwan is the lack of insights, essential data, and construction standards, and thus the practical adoption of BIM for railway maintenance and resilience management is still in the design phase. Conclusions: This study exhibits a practical paradigm of the digital twin for railway maintenance and resilience improvement. It will assist all stakeholders to engage in the design, construction, and maintenance enhancing the reduction in life cycle cost, energy consumption and carbon footprint. New insight based on the Taipei Mass Rapid Transit system is highly valuable for railway industry globally by increasing the lifecycle sustainability and improving resilience of railway systems.
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Thanh, V. H., C. Roberts, A. M. Tobias, J. Williams, A. Stirling, and K. Madelin. "Decision support at the wheel—rail interface: The development of system functional requirements." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part F: Journal of Rail and Rapid Transit 222, no. 2 (March 1, 2008): 195–206. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/09544097jrrt123.

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Railway decision support systems (DSSs) tend to address track and vehicle assets separately. This paper describes the development of a comprehensive set of high-level functional requirements for an integrated support system that optimizes the system as a whole. Interviews and workshops were held with key industry stakeholders covering regulation, infrastructure, condition monitoring, mass transit, and light rail to elicit their issues, needs, and desires. The needs were checked for relevance, duplication, and overlapping; and rephrased, decomposed, grouped, classified, and prioritized in order to achieve a consistent, complete, and unambiguous set of system stakeholder requirements. They were then used to derive a set of high-level system functional requirements for the DSS. The paper also demonstrates the importance of complete traceability between the two sets of requirements.
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Annisa, Herman, and Irvan Wiradinata. "A sustainable transportation: a literature study on park and ride in the Bandung metropolitan area." MATEC Web of Conferences 276 (2019): 03008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201927603008.

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Traffic congestion has been a major transportation problem in developing countries as private vehicles ownership has been increased dramatically each year. To solve this problem, local authorities need to construct new roads as well as parking infrastructure to meet consumer demand. Park and Ride can be regarded as a transportation management concept that can solve this demand. Park and Ride refers to a transportation management concept where travelers transit from a private transportation (i.e. motorcycle, car, bicycle, and other private transportation modes) to a public transportation system (i.e. bus, tram, heavy railway, mass rapid transport, and so forth). Park and Ride is believed to reduce private transportation in the metropolitan area of a city. In addition, Park and Ride should be located near a public transportation station in the suburban area. Hence, travelers can easily transit from their private vehicles in the suburban area to commute to urban area by using the public transportation system. This research will focus on the study of Park and Ride development in Bandung Metropolitan Area, Indonesia. Park and Ride, as explained earlier, may offer a solution to a sustainable transportation in Bandung Metropolitan Area.
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Chan, Alan H. S., and S. H. Wai. "Improving Customer Satisfaction of Smartcard System: Integration of Human Factors and Quality Function Deployment." Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting 44, no. 38 (July 2000): 699–702. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/154193120004403804.

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Octopus card is an electronic travel ticket with built-in microchip jointly issued by five major public transportation companies in Hong Kong. It can be used for riding on six kinds of transportation vehicles, viz. Mass Transit Railway (MTR), Kowloon Canton Railway (KCR) East Rail, KCR Light Rail, Kowloon Motor Bus (KMB), Citybus, and Hong Kong & Yaumati Ferry (HYF). The system has been launched in Hong Kong since September 1997. At the launching phase of this system, some operational problems like wrong fare deduction, card damage, inaccurate display of remaining balance on buses with the use of Octopus card were observed and brought up in the public. This study aimed at finding out the ways of satisfying the customer needs with the use of the system with consideration of changing technology development. The work in this study included identification of the quality dimensions of using Octopus card, conducting questionnaires survey on the users, applying usability testing to evaluate the overall performance of Octopus card and employing Quality Function Deployment to translate the customer voices into technical specifications. With the results of this study, strategies for improving the performance of Octopus card were finally recommended.
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Hegrey, V. Ya, and K. M. Shkurin. "Features of the calculation of the plan of forming single-group trains in market conditions." Vestnik of the Railway Research Institute 77, no. 3 (June 28, 2018): 133–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.21780/2223-9731-2018-77-3-133-140.

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The article is analyzing the possibility of using an additional parameter for the calculation of the formation of one-group trains, allowing to take into account the costs associated with the motion of rolling stock. A study was carried out at a number of railway sections of the Belarusian Railways aimed at identifying factors that affect the sectional speed of freight trains. The analysis of the obtained results made it possible to conclude that there is a relationship between the train category and its sectional speed. Depending on the traffic intensity and capacity of the site, the difference between the sectional speeds of transit and sectional trains in the investigated areas was from 2 to 18 %. In the development of the train formation plan, it is proposed to apply a new additional parameter for saving costs for cars and locomotives in transit trains Rn . Authors propose formulas for calculating the value of this parameter. The influence of some factors was analyzed including the train composition and mass, the length of the section, the power of the car stream on cost savings when using the proposed parameter in the calculations. The application of the parameter of cost savings in the cars and locomotives in transit trains makes it possible to justify the allocation of separate streams of car traffic for independent purposes, which would be considered economically unprofitable when developing a train formation plan based on calculations performed by traditional methods.
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