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Melo, Tamires Oliveira, Luziane Franciscon, George Brown, et al. "Univariate statistical analysis of gas chromatography – mass spectrometry fingerprints analyses." Chemical Data Collections 33 (June 2021): 100719. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cdc.2021.100719.
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Maumet, Camille, and Thomas Nichols. "Generating and reporting peak and cluster tables for voxel-wise inference in FSL." Research Ideas and Outcomes 3 (February 24, 2017): e12368. https://doi.org/10.3897/rio.3.e12368.
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Mass universities analyses, in which a statistical test is performed at each voxel in the brain, is the most widespread approach to analyzing task-evoked functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) data. Such analyses identify the brain areas that are significantly activated in response to a given stimulus. In the literature, the significant areas are usually summarised by providing a table, listing, for each significant region, the 3D positions of the local maxima along with corresponding statistical values. This tabular output is provided by all the major as dsa dneuroimaging software packages including SPM, FSL and AFNI. Yet, in the HTML report generated by FSL, peak and cluster tables are only provided for one type of inference (cluster-wise inference) but not when a voxel-wise threshold is specified. In this project, we proposed an update for FSL to generate and report peak and cluster tables for voxel-wise inferences.
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Calderoni, Sara, Alessandra Retico, Laura Biagi, Raffaella Tancredi, Filippo Muratori, and Michela Tosetti. "Female children with autism spectrum disorder: An insight from mass-univariate and pattern classification analyses." NeuroImage 59, no. 2 (2012): 1013–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2011.08.070.
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Moeller, James R., and Christian G. Habeck. "Reciprocal Benefits of Mass-Univariate and Multivariate Modeling in Brain Mapping: Applications to Event-Related Functional MRI, H215O-, and FDG-PET." International Journal of Biomedical Imaging 2006 (2006): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/ijbi/2006/79862.
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In brain mapping studies of sensory, cognitive, and motor operations, specific waveforms of dynamic neural activity are predicted based on theoretical models of human information processing. For example in event-related functional MRI (fMRI), the general linear model (GLM) is employed in mass-univariate analyses to identify the regions whose dynamic activity closely matches the expected waveforms. By comparison multivariate analyses based on PCA or ICA provide greater flexibility in detecting spatiotemporal properties of experimental data that may strongly support alternative neuroscientific explanations. We investigated conjoint multivariate and mass-univariate analyses that combine the capabilities to (1) verify activation of neural machinery we already understand and (2) discover reliable signatures of new neural machinery. We examined combinations of GLM and PCA that recover latent neural signals (waveforms and footprints) with greater accuracy than either method alone. Comparative results are illustrated with analyses of real fMRI data, adding to Monte Carlo simulation support.
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Weaverdyck, Miriam E., Matthew D. Lieberman, and Carolyn Parkinson. "Tools of the Trade Multivoxel pattern analysis in fMRI: a practical introduction for social and affective neuroscientists." Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience 15, no. 4 (2020): 487–509. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/scan/nsaa057.
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Abstract The family of neuroimaging analytical techniques known as multivoxel pattern analysis (MVPA) has dramatically increased in popularity over the past decade, particularly in social and affective neuroscience research using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). MVPA examines patterns of neural responses, rather than analyzing single voxel- or region-based values, as is customary in conventional univariate analyses. Here, we provide a practical introduction to MVPA and its most popular variants (namely, representational similarity analysis (RSA) and decoding analyses, such as classification using machine learning) for social and affective neuroscientists of all levels, particularly those new to such methods. We discuss how MVPA differs from traditional mass-univariate analyses, the benefits MVPA offers to social neuroscientists, experimental design and analysis considerations, step-by-step instructions for how to implement specific analyses in one’s own dataset and issues that are currently facing research using MVPA methods.
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Pernet, C. R., M. Latinus, T. E. Nichols, and G. A. Rousselet. "Cluster-based computational methods for mass univariate analyses of event-related brain potentials/fields: A simulation study." Journal of Neuroscience Methods 250 (July 2015): 85–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jneumeth.2014.08.003.
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Wang, Guo-Zhuo, Zhi-Jun Liu, Kai Xia, Ke-Qin Zhang, and Zi-Hui Tang. "Body mass index interaction with SCN10A effects on cardiovascular autonomic neuropathy risk in a Chinese Han population." Traditional Medicine and Modern Medicine 01, no. 01 (2018): 53–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s2575900018500040.
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Background: The aim of this study was to estimate the extent to which the interaction between SCN10A (rs7375096) and body mass index (BMI) affects susceptibility to cardiovascular autonomic neuropathy (AN) in a Chinese Han sample. Method: We conducted a large-scale, population-based study including 791 overweight patients and 1186 controls to analyze the interaction between SCN10A and BMI with regard to CAN. All participants were genotyped for the presence of SCN10A (rs7375036) polymorphisms. Univariate and multiple linear regression analyses were employed to detect these relationships. The interaction between rs7375036 and BMI with regard to CAN susceptibility on an additive scale was estimated by using the relative excess risk due to interaction, the proportion attributable to interaction, and the synergy index. Results: Univariate analyses found no significant association between rs7375036 single nucleotide polymorphism and CAN. After controlling for potential confounding factors, the multiple linear regression analysis showed a significant association between BMI and CAN ([Formula: see text], OR = 1.121). In addition, a significant positive interaction effect of BMI and rs7375036 on CAN was detected ([Formula: see text]). Conclusion: Our findings suggest that BMI and SCN10A (rs7375036) have interaction effects that influence the CAN.
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Silva de Brito, Rychaellen, Lorena Yanet Cáceres Tomaya, Romeu Carvalho de Andrade Neto, Reginaldo Almeida Andrade, Pedro Henrique da Silva Carvalho, and Viviane Pereira Chaves. "Contribution of physical-chemical variables and passion fruit production in Baixo Acre." Comunicata Scientiae 15 (July 30, 2024): e4162. http://dx.doi.org/10.14295/cs.v15.4162.
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This study investigated the production and physical and chemical characteristics of eight sour passion fruit genotypes cultivated in Baixo Acre, AC. Evaluation of fruit number (FN), productivity (PRO), longitudinal diameter, transverse diameter (LD and TD), peel thickness (PT), average fruit mass (AFM), pulp mass (PM), juice yield (JY), soluble solids (SS), titratable acidity (TA), ratio, and pH of genotypes H1, H3, R, V1, V2, V3, V4, and V5 was performed. Univariate, multivariate, and Pearson's correlation analyses were performed. Univariate analyses revealed that the genotype H1 stood out in terms of AFM, JY, and PRO; H3 for TD, LD, JY, and pH; H1, H3, V1, and R for LD; H3 and V5 for pH; and V4 and V5 for NF. A strong positive correlation was observed among the physical variables AFM, PM, LD, and TD. Four genotypes groups were obtained for both genetic divergence and PCA. The H1 genotype presented higher productivity, and the H3 genotype presented better fruit physical attributes.
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Aoyama, Toru, Tsutomu Sato, Kenki Segami, et al. "Risk factors for loss of lean body mass after gastrectomy for gastric cancer." Journal of Clinical Oncology 34, no. 4_suppl (2016): 79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2016.34.4_suppl.79.
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79 Background: Lean body mass loss after surgery, which decreases compliance of adjuvant chemotherapy, is frequently observed in gastric cancer patients who underwent gastrectomy for gastric cancer. However, the risk factors of lean body mass loss remain unclear. Methods: The present study retrospectively examined the patients who underwent curative gastrectomy for gastric cancer between June 2010 and March 2014 at Kanagawa Cancer Center. All patients received perioperative care of the enhanced recovery after surgery protocol. % Lean body mass loss was calculated by percentile of lean body mass at one month after surgery to preoperative lean body mass. Severe lean body mass loss was defined as % lean body mass loss over 5%. Risk factors for severe lean body mass loss were determined by both univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses. Results: Four-hundred eighty five patients were examined. Median age was 67 years. Operative procedure was total gastrectomy in 190 patients and distal gastrectomy in 295 patients. Surgical complications of grade 2 or more defined by Clavien-Dindo classification was observed in 78 patients including pancreatic fistula in 19, anastomotic leakage in 11 and abdominal abscess in 7. Mortality was observed in one patient. Both univariate and multivariate logistic analyses demonstrated that surgical complications (odds rate 3.576, p = 0.001), total gastrectomy (odds rate 2.522, p = 0.0001), and gender (odds rate 1.928, p = 0.001) were significant independent risk factors for severe lean body mass loss. Conclusions: Male, surgical complications, and total gastrectomy were significant risk factors for 5% of lean body mass loss at first month after gastrectomy. To maintain lean body mass after gastrectomy, the physician need careful attention for the patients who had these risk factors.
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Jan, Yu Jen Alexander, Cho-Han Chiang, Soravis Osataphan, Aleigha R. Lawless, Kerry L. Reynolds, and Ryan J. Sullivan. "Body mass index and type 2 diabetes mellitus as metabolic determinants of immune checkpoint inhibitors response in melanoma." Journal for ImmunoTherapy of Cancer 12, no. 11 (2024): e009769. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/jitc-2024-009769.
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BackgroundImmune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have improved survival outcomes in melanoma. Studies exploring the correlations between body mass index (BMI), type 2 diabetes (T2DM) and the outcomes of ICI treatment have yielded inconsistent results. In this study, we aim to investigate the effects of BMI and T2DM on survival outcomes of patients with melanoma receiving ICIs.MethodsA retrospective multicenter cohort of patients with melanoma treated with ICIs was analyzed. Overall survival was evaluated with Kaplan-Meier survival analysis, univariate Cox and multivariate Cox proportional hazards model. Propensity-score matching (1:1) analysis between overweight and non-overweight groups was done and survival analyses and Cox analyses were performed again. Subgroup analyses and secondary analyses stratifying patients with different weights and T2DM statuses were also performed.ResultsA total of 2,078 patients were included, of whom 1,412 were overweight (BMI≥25 kg/m2) and 666 were non-overweight (BMI<25 kg/m2). Overweight patients had better overall survival compared with non-overweight (median 71.7 vs 36.7 months, p<0.001). Patients with T2DM had worse overall survival compared with patients without T2DM (median 28.5 vs 67.3 months, p<0.001). After propensity-score matching (666 overweight were matched to 666 non-overweight), overweight patients remained to have better overall survival compared with non-overweight (median 67.7 vs 36.7 months, p<0.001). Patients with T2DM had worse survival in univariate Cox (HR 1.71, (95% CI: 1.20 to 2.43)) and multivariate Cox (HR 1.58, (95% CI: 1.08 to 2.31)) analyses. Overweight patients without T2DM had the best survival outcomes compared with other weight and T2DM combinations.ConclusionIn patients with melanoma treated with ICIs, being overweight had better survival outcomes compared with non-overweight. Having T2DM was associated with worse survival compared with those without T2DM. Further studies are needed to investigate the underlying mechanisms of these associations.
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Aoyama, Toru, Yusuke Katayama, Masaaki Murakawa, et al. "Risk Assessment of Pancreatic Surgery by Surgical Apgar Score and Body Mass Index." International Surgery 101, no. 5-6 (2016): 263–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.9738/intsurg-d-14-00294.1.
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Postoperative morbidity is high after pancreatic surgery. Recently, a simple and easy-to-use surgical complication prediction system, the surgical Apgar score (SAS), calculated using 3 intraoperative parameters (estimated blood loss, lowest mean arterial pressure, and lowest heart rate) has been proposed for general surgery. In this study, we evaluated the predictability of the SAS for severe complications after pancreatic surgery for pancreatic cancer. We investigated 189 patients who underwent pancreatic surgery at Kanagawa Cancer Center between 2005 and 2014. Clinicopathologic data, including the intraoperative parameters, were collected retrospectively. In this study, the patients with postoperative morbidities classified as Clavien-Dindo grade 2 or higher were classified as having severe complications. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed to identify the risk factors for morbidity. Postoperative complications were identified in 73 patients, and the overall morbidity rate was 38.6%. The results of both univariate and multivariate analyses of various factors for overall operative morbidity showed that an SAS of 0 to 4 points and a body mass index ≥25 kg/m2 were significant independent risk factors for overall morbidity (P = 0.046 and P = 0.013). The SAS and body mass index were significant risk factors for surgical complications after pancreatic surgery for pancreatic cancer.
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Kim, Yong Yeup, Hayeon Kim, Woo Young Kim, Jai Hyun Chung, Jae Bok Lee, and Sang Uk Woo. "Under- and Normal-Weight Patients Are More Susceptible to Recurrence of Phyllodes Tumor." Breast Journal 2022 (January 31, 2022): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/4474251.
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Purpose. Phyllodes tumors (PTs) of the breast are rare fibroepithelial neoplasms, and factors associated with the recurrence of PTs are poorly understood. This study sought to identify clinicopathological factors associated with the recurrence of PTs. Method. From January 2009 to December 2019, we identified 100 patients who underwent definitive surgery for PT. Clinicopathological risk factors associated with the recurrence of PT were assessed. Results. The median age of the patients was 44 y (range, 19–62 y), and the median tumor size was 4 cm (0.8–30 cm). At a median follow-up of 26.7 mo (0–103 mo), 22 of the 100 patients experienced local recurrence. In the univariate and multivariate analyses, body mass index ≥ 23 kg/m2 ( P = 0.042 in the univariate analysis; P = 0.039 in the multivariate analysis), tumor size ≥ 5 cm ( P = 0.006 in the univariate analysis; P = 0.036 in the multivariate analysis), and the presence of stromal overgrowth ( P = 0.032 in the univariate analysis; P = 0.040 in the multivariate analysis) were associated with an increased risk of local recurrence. Resection margins and grade were not associated with local recurrence. Conclusion. Normal- or underweight patients and those with larger tumor sizes were more prone to local recurrence. Further larger, multicenter studies with a long-term follow-up are required.
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Reijnierse, Esmee M., Sjors Verlaan, Vivien K. Pham, Wen Kwang Lim, Carel G. M. Meskers, and Andrea B. Maier. "Lower Skeletal Muscle Mass at Admission Independently Predicts Falls and Mortality 3 Months Post-discharge in Hospitalized Older Patients." Journals of Gerontology: Series A 74, no. 10 (2018): 1650–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/gerona/gly281.
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Abstract Background Approximately 10% of older adults are annually admitted to a hospital. Hospitalization is associated with a higher risk of falls and mortality after discharge. This study aimed to identify predictors at admission for falls and mortality 3 months post-discharge in hospitalized older patients. Methods The Evaluation of Muscle parameters in a Prospective cohort of Older patients at clinical Wards Exploring Relations with bed rest and malnutrition (EMPOWER) study is an observational, prospective longitudinal inception cohort of 378 patients aged 70 years and older who were subsequently admitted to a tertiary hospital (the Netherlands). Potential predictors for falls and mortality 3 months post-discharge were tested using univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses and included the following domains: demographic (age, sex, living independently), lifestyle (alcohol, smoking), nutrition (SNAQ score), muscle mass (absolute, relative), physical function (handgrip strength, Katz ADL score), cognition (six-item cognitive impairment test score), and disease (medications, diseases). Results The mean age was 79.6 years (standard deviation 6.23) and 50% were male. Within 3 months post-discharge, 19% reported a fall and 13% deceased. Univariate predictors for falls were higher age, lower absolute muscle mass and higher six-item cognitive impairment test score. Lower absolute muscle mass independently predicted falls post-discharge (multivariate). Univariate predictors for mortality were higher age, male sex, no current alcohol use, higher SNAQ score, lower absolute and higher relative muscle mass, higher Katz ADL score and higher number of diseases. Male sex, higher SNAQ score, and lower absolute muscle mass independently predicted mortality post-discharge (multivariate). Conclusions In hospitalized older adults, muscle mass should be measured to predict future outcome. Future intervention studies should investigate if increasing muscle mass prevent short-term falls and mortality.
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Durston, Amie J., and Roxane J. Itier. "The early processing of fearful and happy facial expressions is independent of task demands – Support from mass univariate analyses." Brain Research 1765 (August 2021): 147505. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.brainres.2021.147505.
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Redman, J. R., G. R. Petroni, P. E. Saigo, N. L. Geller, and T. B. Hakes. "Prognostic factors in advanced ovarian carcinoma." Journal of Clinical Oncology 4, no. 4 (1986): 515–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.1986.4.4.515.
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Nineteen factors were analyzed for prognostic significance in a series of 89 women with advanced (stage III or IV) ovarian carcinoma treated with chemotherapy after initial debulking surgery. Seventy-eight of these women received cyclophosphamide, Adriamycin (Adria Laboratories, Columbus, Ohio), and cisplatin (CAP) treatment, and 11 received cyclophosphamide initially with Adriamycin and cisplatin administered at the time of recurrence. Median survival and remission duration were 25 and 19 months, respectively. Using survival as an end point, significant prognostic factors in univariate analyses included the total residual mass after debulking (P = .0007), largest residual mass after debulking (P = .0008), and stage (P = .0098). Using remission duration as an end point, significant prognostic factors in univariate analyses included total residual mass after debulking (P = .007) and the largest residual mass after debulking (P = .0020). The prognostic variables were then considered as possible predictors of survival in a multivariate analysis using the Cox proportional hazards model resulting in the following expression: lambda i(t)/lambda o(t) = exp(0.5928 (log TRM - 1.8117) + 0.6450 (stage - 0.3827) + 0.6673 (C4 - 0.4198) - 0.8596 (CAP - 0.8642)), where lambda i(t)/lambda o(t) is the risk of dying for a particular patient compared with the average risk of the entire group; log TRM is the log of the volume of the total residual mass in cm3 plus 1.0; stage = 0 if stage III, 1 if stage IV; C4 = 0 if cytologic grade is 1, 2, or 3 and 1 if grade 4; CAP = 0 if treatment is cyclophosphamide and 1 if CAP. Median survival times of patients with relative risk greater than 1 and less than 1 are 43 and 19 months respectively. If this model is confirmed in a prospective study, then it could be used to assign risk and assess treatment options for similar patients at diagnosis.
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Cong, Yizi, Suxia Wang, Haidong Zou, et al. "Imaging Predictors for Nonsentinel Lymph Node Metastases in Breast Cancer Patients." Breast Care 15, no. 4 (2019): 372–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000501955.
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Background: The relationship between imaging features and nonsentinel lymph node (NSLN) metastasis is not clear. Objectives: To determine whether imaging features could predict NSLN metastasis in sentinel lymph node (SLN)-positive breast cancer patients and to provide new clues for avoiding unnecessary axillary lymph node dissection. Method: 171 patients with clinically negative axillary lymph nodes and a pathologically positive SLN were recruited between January 2007 and January 2014. According to the Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System (BI-RADS), the effects of clinicopathological factors, especially imaging features, on NSLN metastases were assessed by univariate and multivariate statistical analyses. Results: The average number of dissected SLNs was 2.11 (range, 1–6); 56 of the 171 (32.75%) patients exhibited NSLN metastases. In univariate analysis, tumor size, number of positive SLNs, ratio of positive SLNs, mammographic mass margins, ultrasonographic mass margins, and ultrasonographic vascularity were significantly correlated with NSLN involvement. Furthermore, through multivariate analysis, tumor size, number of positive SLNs, mammographic mass margins, and ultrasonographic vascularity were still independent predictors of NSLN involvement. Additionally, in SLN-positive patients, number of positive SLNs and ultrasonographic vascularity could also predict the tumor burden in NSLN. Conclusions: In addition to tumor size and the number of positive SLNs, mammographic mass margins and ultrasonographic vascularity were also independent predictors of NSLN metastases in SLN-positive patients of breast cancer. The number of positive SLNs and ultrasonographic vascularity could also predict the tumor burden in NSLN.
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Colakerol, Aykut, Sergen Sahin, Ramazan Omer Yazar, et al. "Significance of Serum C-Reactive Protein and Neutrophil–Lymphocyte Ratio in Predicting the Diagnostic Outcomes of Renal Mass Biopsy Procedure." Journal of Kidney Cancer and VHL 10, no. 1 (2023): 9–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.15586/jkcvhl.v10i1.259.
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This study aimed to investigate the predictive role of serum C-reactive protein (CRP) and neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) on renal mass biopsy outcomes. A total of 71 patients with suspected kidney masses who underwent renal mass biopsy procedure between January 2017 and January 2021 were retrospectively evaluated. Pathological results after the procedure were obtained and pre-procedural serum CRP and NLR levels were extracted from the patients’ data. The patients were grouped into benign and malignant pathology groups according to the histopathology results. The parameters were compared between the groups. Diagnostic role of the parameters in terms of sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values was also determined. Additionally, Pearson correlation analysis, and univariate and multivariate cox proportional hazard regression analyses were also performed to investigate the above association with tumor diameter and pathology results, respectively. At the end of the analyses, a total of 60 patients had malignant pathology on histopathological investigations of the mass biopsy specimens, whereas the remaining 11 patients had a benign pathological diagnosis. Significantly higher CRP and NLR levels were detected in the malignant pathology group. The parameters positively correlated with the malignant mass diameter, as well. Serum CRP and NLR determined the malignant masses before the biopsy with sensitivity and specificity of 76.6 and 81.8%, and 88.3 and 45.4%, respectively. Moreover, univariate and multivariate analyses showed that serum CRP level had a significant predictive value for malignant pathology (HR: 0.998, 95% CI: 0.940–0.967, P < 0.001 and HR: 0.951, 95% CI: 0.936–0.966, P < 0.001, respectively). In conclusion, serum CRP and NLR levels were significantly different in patients with malignant pathology after renal mass biopsy compared to the patients with benign pathology. Serum CRP level, in particular, diagnosed malignant pathologies with acceptable sensitivity and specificity values. Additionally, it had a substantial predictive role in determining the malign masses prior the biopsy. Therefore, pre-biopsy serum CRP and NLR levels may be used to predict the diagnostic outcomes of renal mass biopsy in clinical practice. Further studies with larger cohorts can prove our findings in the future.
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Wu, Yili, Dongfeng Zhang, Zengchang Pang, et al. "Multivariate Modeling of Body Mass Index, Pulse Pressure, Systolic and Diastolic Blood Pressure in Chinese Twins." Twin Research and Human Genetics 18, no. 1 (2014): 73–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/thg.2014.83.
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Systolic and diastolic blood pressure, pulse pressure (PP), and body mass index (BMI) are heritable traits in human metabolic health but their common genetic and environmental backgrounds are not well investigated. The aim of this article was to explore the phenotypic and genetic associations among PP, systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), and BMI. The studied sample contained 615 twin pairs (17–84 years) collected in the Qingdao municipality. Univariate and multivariate structural equation models were fitted for assessing the genetic and environmental contributions. The AE model combining additive genetic (A) and unique environmental (E) factors produced the best fit for each four phenotypes. Heritability estimated in univariate analysis ranged from 0.42 to 0.74 with the highest for BMI (95% CI 0.70–0.78), and the lowest for PP (95% CI 0.34–0.49). The multivariate model estimated (1) high genetic correlations for DBP with SBP (0.87), PP with SBP (0.75); (2) low–moderate genetic correlations between PP and DBP (0.32), each BP component and BMI (0.24–0.37); (3) moderate unique environmental correlation for PP with SBP (0.68) and SBP with DBP (0.63); (4) there was no significant unique environmental correlation between PP and BMI. Overall, our multivariate analyses revealed common genetic and environmental backgrounds for PP, BP, and BMI in Chinese twins.
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Estelius, Johanna, Johan Lengqvist, Elena Ossipova, et al. "Mass spectrometry-based analysis of cerebrospinal fluid from arthritis patients—immune-related candidate proteins affected by TNF blocking treatment." Arthritis Research & Therapy 21, no. 1 (2019): 60. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13075-019-1846-6.
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<strong>Background: </strong>Signs of inflammation in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of rheumatoid arthritis patients correlate positively with fatigue, a central nervous system (CNS)-related symptom that can be partially suppressed by TNF blockade. This suggests a possible role for CNS inflammation in arthritis that may be affected by TNF blockade. We therefore investigated the effects of TNF blockade on the arthritis CSF proteome and how candidate proteins related to clinical measures of disease activity and inflammation.<strong>Methods: </strong>Mass spectrometry-based quantitative proteomic analysis was performed on CSF from seven polyarthritis patients before and during infliximab treatment. Treatment-associated proteins were identified using univariate (Wilcoxon signed rank test) and multivariate (partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA)) strategies. Relations between selected candidate proteins and clinical measures were investigated using the Spearman correlations. Additionally, selected proteins were cross-referenced to other studies investigating human CSF in a thorough literature search to ensure feasibility of our results.<strong>Results: </strong>Univariate analysis of arthritis CSF proteome revealed a decrease of 35 proteins, predominantly involved in inflammatory processes, following TNF blockade. Seven candidate proteins, Contactin-1 (CNTN1), fibrinogen gamma chain (FGG), hemopexin (HPX), cell adhesion molecule-3 (CADM3), alpha-1B-glycoprotein (A1BG), complement factor B (CFB), and beta-2-microglobulin (B2M), were selected for further studies based on identification by both univariate and multivariate analyses and reported detection in human CSF and known associations to arthritis. Decreased levels of FGG and CFB in CSF after treatment showed strong correlations with both erythrocyte sedimentation rate and disability scores, while CNTN1 and CADM3 were associated with pain.<strong>Conclusion: </strong>Several immune-related proteins in the CSF of arthritis patients decreased during TNF blockade, including FGG and CFB that both correlated strongly with systemic inflammation. Our findings stress that also intrathecal inflammatory pathways are related to arthritis symptoms and may be affected by TNF blockade.
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Shahzad, Moazzam, Aleenah Mohsin, Muhammad Atif Khan, et al. "Outcomes in Underweight Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation Recipients." Blood 144, Supplement 1 (2024): 7377. https://doi.org/10.1182/blood-2024-199383.
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Introduction: Weight loss and cachexia is a hallmark of cancer. The role of body mass index (BMI-kg/m2) is still controversial in allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplant (allo-HSCT) patients. Low BMI is a potential cause of inferior outcomes in allo-HSCT; however, data regarding the impact of being underweight on transplant outcomes is limited. We investigated the impact of low body mass index (BMI) of less than 18.5 kg/m2 on outcomes after allo-HSCT. Methods: This retrospective multicenter study included allo-HSCT recipients in the publicly available Center for International Blood and Marrow Transplant (CIBMTR) registry data from 2013 to 2018 (P5646, Ramathan et al.). Chi-square and t-tests were used to compare categorical and continuous baseline demographics. Univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses were performed to investigate the post-transplant outcomes in underweight recipients, such as overall survival (OS), disease-free survival (DFS), relapse, non-relapse mortality (NRM), acute graft-versus-host disease (aGVHD), and chronic graft-versus-host disease (cGVHD), and engraftment. The multivariate analyses were adjusted for significant variables identified in the univariate analysis. The hazard ratios (HR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated. Statistical analyses were conducted using SPSS version 28 and R version 4.16. Statistical significance was defined as p &lt;0.05. Results: We included 7545 allo-HSCT recipients. Of these, 1254 (16.6%) were underweight (BMI &lt;18.5 kg/m2), and 6291 (83.4%) patients had a BMI of 18.5 mg/m2 or higher. The median age at the time of transplant was 56 years; 58% of the patients were men. Ethnicities were Caucasian (76%), Hispanic (8%), African American (6%), Asian (5%), and others/not available (5%). The primary disorders included acute myeloid leukemia (47%), myelodysplastic syndromes (34%), and acute lymphoblastic leukemia (18%). Myeloablative conditioning was used in 53% of patients. Donor types were matched unrelated (49.5%), matched related (34%), and cord blood (16%). Graft sources were peripheral blood stem cells (68%), umbilical cord blood (16%), and bone marrow (15%). GVHD prophylaxis regimens included tacrolimus or cyclosporine-based (87%), post-transplant cyclophosphamide-based (9%), CD34 selection (2%), and others (1.7%). Univariate regression analyses revealed that underweight recipients had improved outcomes with a superior OS (HR 0.85, 95%CI 0.77-0.93, p&lt;0.001), lower NRM (OR 0.19, 95%CI 0.16-0.22, p&lt;0.001), lower rates of chronic GVHD, (HR 0.89, 95% CI 0.81-0.98, p=0.02), faster neutrophil engraftment (HR 0.82, 95%CI 0.77-0.88, p&lt;.001) and faster plateletengraftment (HR 0.82, 95%CI 0.77-0.87, p&lt;0.001). Underweight status did not impact DFS, relapse, and incidence of acute GVHD. In the multivariate analysis adjusted for significant factors identified in the univariate analyses, including age, gender, graft type, performance status, and GVHD prophylaxis, being underweight did not remain a significant predictor of any of the post-transplant outcomes. Conclusion: Our study found that post-transplant outcomes are at least comparable in underweight versus other allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients. A low body mass index with a good performance status should not preclude allo-HSCT in acute leukemia and myelodysplastic syndrome patients.
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Buchberger, Wolfgang, Willi Oberaigner, Christian Kremser, Kurt Gautsch, and Uwe Siebert. "Non-mass Enhancement in Breast MRI: Characterization with BI-RADS Descriptors and ADC Values." SciMedicine Journal 3, no. 2 (2021): 77–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.28991/scimedj-2021-0302-1.
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Objectives: The purpose of this study was to assess the accuracy of contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging and diffusion-weighted imaging in distinguishing benign from malignant non-mass-like breast lesions. Methods: 103 lesions showing non-mass-like enhancement in 100 consecutive patients were analyzed. Distribution, internal enhancement patterns, and contrast kinetic curve patterns were classified according to the BI-RADS lexicon. Apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values were obtained from manually placed regions of interest (ROIs) on diffusion-weighted images. The optimal ADC value threshold for the distinction between benign and malignant lesions was determined by ROC analysis. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to identify independent predictors of malignancy, and the probability of malignancy was calculated for various combinations of findings. Histological diagnosis obtained by means of core needle biopsy was used as gold standard. Results: According to the univariate and multivariate analysis, odds ratios for malignancy were significantly elevated for clumped or clustered ring internal enhancement and low ADC values (p < 0.001), whereas distribution patterns and contrast kinetic patterns were not significantly correlated with benignity or malignancy. In non-mass lesions with homogeneous or heterogeneous internal enhancement and ADC values greater than 1.26×10-3mm2/s, no malignancy was detected, while all other combinations of findings had a probability of malignancy ranging from 22.2 to 76.6%. Conclusions: A combination of BI-RADS descriptors of internal enhancement and ADC values is useful for the differential diagnosis of lesions showing non-mass enhancement. Lesions with homogeneous or heterogeneous enhancement and high ADC can be followed up, while all other lesions should be biopsied. Doi: 10.28991/SciMedJ-2021-0302-1 Full Text: PDF
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Pan, Christopher S., Sharon Chiou, and Scott Hendricks. "The effect of drywall lifting method on workers' balance in a laboratory-based simulation." Occupational Ergonomics 3, no. 4 (2003): 235–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/oer-2003-3405.
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Voluntary body movement can import a perturbation to the postural stability/balance of a human body. Heavy manual material handling such as drywall lifting may increase this perturbation. The objective of this laboratory-based study was to quantify workers' postural stability while lifting drywall sheets through kinetic and kinematic analyses, and to identify the drywall lifting methods that caused the least perturbation on workers' balance. Sixty male construction workers participated in this study. A simulated drywall-lifting workstation was built and all subjects performed one of the four randomly assigned lifting methods. Kinetic and kinematic measurements were synchronized and collected using a piezoelectric force platform and a five-camera motion analysis system. Both center-of-pressure (COP) and center-of-mass (COM) data were analyzed to assess workers' postural stability. Univariate analyses and principal component analyses (PCA) were used to analyze 13 COP-based and 21 COM-based variables. Results from the univariate analyses and PCA significantly indicated that the three horizontal lifting methods created less perturbation than the vertical lifting method. Based on the results of this study and prior studies, it is concluded that horizontal lifting with both hands on top of the drywall appears to be the best work practice to reduce manual drywall handling hazards associated with fall potential and overexertion injuries.
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Fujita, Kohei, Hirotsugu Ohkubo, Akiko Nakano, et al. "Decreased peak expiratory flow rate associated with mortality in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: A preliminary report." Chronic Respiratory Disease 19 (January 2022): 147997312211141. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/14799731221114153.
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Objectives The peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR) is known to decrease in patients with sarcopenia. However, little is known about the clinical impact of the PEFR in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). This study aimed to confirm whether a decrease in PEFR over 6 months was associated with survival in IPF patients. Methods Consecutive IPF patients who had been assessed at a single center were retrospectively analyzed. The relative decline in PEFR over 6 months was assessed. Survival analyses were performed by univariate and multivariate Cox proportional hazard models. Results A total of 61 eligible cases (average age 70 years) were examined, and 21 patients (34.4%) died. The univariate Cox regression analysis showed that the body mass index, baseline % predicted forced vital capacity (FVC), baseline % predicted PEFR, % predicted diffusion capacity for carbon monoxide (DLCO), relative decline in FVC, and relative decline in PEFR were prognostic factors. On multivariate analyses, relative decline in PEFR (hazard ratio [HR] 1.037, p < .05) and baseline % predicted FVC (HR 0.932, p < .001) were independent prognostic factors, whereas relative decline in FVC was not. Conclusion A decrease in PEFR after 6 months may predict worse survival in patients with IPF.
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Griggs, Jennifer J., Eva Culakova, Melony E. S. Sorbero, et al. "Effect of Patient Socioeconomic Status and Body Mass Index on the Quality of Breast Cancer Adjuvant Chemotherapy." Journal of Clinical Oncology 25, no. 3 (2007): 277–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2006.08.3063.
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Purpose The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between socioeconomic status (SES) and the use of intentionally reduced doses of chemotherapy in the adjuvant treatment of breast cancer. Patients and Methods Patients with breast cancer treated with a standard chemotherapy regimen (n = 764) were enrolled in a prospective registry after signing informed consent. Detailed information was collected on patient, disease, and treatment, including chemotherapy doses. Zip code level data on median household income, proportion of people living below the poverty level, and educational attainment were obtained from the US Census. Doses for the first cycle of chemotherapy lower than 85% of standard were considered to be reduced. Univariate analyses and multivariate logistic regression were performed to identify factors associated with the use of reduced first cycle doses. Results In univariate analysis, individual education attainment, zip code SES measures, body mass index, and geographic region were all significantly associated with receipt of intentionally reduced doses of chemotherapy. In multivariate analysis, controlling for geography, factors independently associated with reduced doses were obesity (odds ratio [OR], 2.47; 95% CI, 1.36 to 4.51), severe obesity (OR, 4.04; 95% CI, 1.46 to 11.19), and education less than high school (OR, 3.07; 95% CI, 1.57 to 5.99). Conclusion Social disparities in breast cancer outcomes may be in part the result of lower quality chemotherapy doses in the adjuvant treatment of breast cancer. Efforts to address such prescribing patterns may help reduce SES disparities in breast cancer survival.
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Popal, Haroon, Yin Wang, and Ingrid R. Olson. "A Guide to Representational Similarity Analysis for Social Neuroscience." Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience 14, no. 11 (2019): 1243–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/scan/nsz099.
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Abstract Representational similarity analysis (RSA) is a computational technique that uses pairwise comparisons of stimuli to reveal their representation in higher-order space. In the context of neuroimaging, mass-univariate analyses and other multivariate analyses can provide information on what and where information is represented but have limitations in their ability to address how information is represented. Social neuroscience is a field that can particularly benefit from incorporating RSA techniques to explore hypotheses regarding the representation of multidimensional data, how representations can predict behavior, how representations differ between groups and how multimodal data can be compared to inform theories. The goal of this paper is to provide a practical as well as theoretical guide to implementing RSA in social neuroscience studies.
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Sitorus, Tamar Roganda, Erin Christ Veronika A. Lubis, and Rico Alexander. "Relationship between Body Mass Index and Complaints of Low Back Pain (LBP) on Online Motorcycle Taxi Drivers in Medan, Indonesia." Eureka Herba Indonesia 4, no. 2 (2022): 186–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.37275/ehi.v4i2.63.
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Low back pain is one of the musculoskeletal conditions caused by a lack of exercise. Worldwide, 37 percent of cases of LBP are related to occupational variables, including prolonged standing or exposure to vibration. Healthcare workers, drivers, and construction workers are also more susceptible to LBP. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between body mass index (BMI) and complaints of low back pain on online motorcycle taxi drivers in Medan. This study is an observational study, and as many as 97 respondents participated in this study. Data analysis was carried out with SPSS version 25, where univariate and bivariate analyses were performed. Correlation between body mass index and complaints of LBP, where there is a low correlation and statistically different. An increase in body mass index will tend to be followed by an increase in LBP complaints, although the correlation between the two is low. There is a relationship between body mass index and complaints of low back pain on online motorcycle taxi drivers in Medan, Indonesia.
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Vodičar, Janez, Jernej Pajek, Vedran Hadžić, and Maja Bučar Pajek. "Relation of Lean Body Mass and Muscle Performance to Serum Creatinine Concentration in Hemodialysis Patients." BioMed Research International 2018 (June 4, 2018): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/4816536.
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Introduction. Serum creatinine concentration is an important uremic marker and predictor of survival in dialysis patients. This cross-sectional case-control study was made to quantitatively describe the relation between lean body mass (LBM), physical performance measures, and serum creatinine values. Methods. Ninety hemodialysis patients and 106 controls were measured by bioimpedance spectroscopy, handgrip strength, sit-to-stand test, and biochemical serum tests. Univariate and multivariate general linear models were used to analyze quantitative relations. Results. At univariate regression LBM accounted for 13.6% variability of serum creatinine concentration. In adjusted analyses with age, height, and body mass, LBM persisted as the only significant predictor of midweek predialysis serum creatinine concentration. Physical performance measures handgrip strength and sit-to-stand performance did not improve prediction of serum creatinine. With addition of serum urea concentration and residual diuresis the predictive value of the regression model improved to account for 45% of serum creatinine variability. Each kg of LBM was associated with 7.7 μmol/l increase in creatinine concentration (95% CI 3.4-12.1, p=0.001). Conclusion. Bioimpedance derived LBM has a significant linear relation with predialysis serum creatinine concentrations. Hereby described quantitative relation should help clinicians to better evaluate observed creatinine concentrations of hemodialysis patients when bioimpedance derived LBM is available.
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Kovač, Jelena Djokić, Danijel Galun, Aleksandra Đurić-Stefanović, et al. "Intrahepatic mass-forming cholangiocarcinoma and solitary hypovascular liver metastases: is the differential diagnosis using diffusion-weighted MRI possible?" Acta Radiologica 58, no. 12 (2017): 1417–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0284185117695666.
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Background Intrahepatic mass-forming cholangiocellular carcinoma (IMC) is the second most common primary liver tumor. The differentiation between IMC and solitary hypovascular liver metastases (SHLM) represents a diagnostic challenge due to many overlapping magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) features. Purpose To determine the value of diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) in addition to conventional MRI for the distinction between intrahepatic mass-forming cholangiocarcinoma and solitary hypovascular liver metastases. Material and Methods Fifty-three patients with pathologically proven IMC (n = 31) and SHLM (n = 22) who had undergone MRI and DWI before surgery or percutaneous biopsy were enrolled in this study. The following MRI features were analyzed: the size and shape of the lesion, presence of capsular retraction and segmental biliary dilatation, T2-weighted (T2W) signal intensity, the presence of target sign on DWI and enhancement pattern. Apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values were calculated for each lesion ( b = 800 s/mm2). Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were used to identify significant differentiating features between IMCs and SHLMs. Results Univariate analysis revealed that following parameters favor diagnosis of IMCs over SHLMs: lobulating shape, heterogeneous T2W signal intensity, capsular retraction, segmental biliary dilatation, target sign on DWI and rim-like enhancement on arterial phase followed by progressive enhancement in delayed phases. ADC values measured in the periphery of the lesion were significantly lower in IMCs in comparison to SHLMs. Multivariate analysis revealed that target sign on DWI was the most significant predictor of IMCs. Conclusion Qualitative DWI analysis with target sign significantly improves diagnostic accuracy for differentiation among IMC and SHLM lesions.
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KC, Vikash Kumar, Shiva Bahadur Karki, and Bipin Raj Niraula. "Correlates of Knowledge about Sexually Transmitted Diseases (STDs) among Youths in Nepal." Janapriya Journal of Interdisciplinary Studies 2 (August 17, 2017): 101–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jjis.v2i1.18073.
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Cross sectional and nationally representative sample drawn from Nepal Adolescent and Youth Survey 2011, this paper attempts to examine the correlates associated with knowledge about sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) among young population in Nepal. Univariate, bivariate and multivariate analyses have been used to examine the correlates associated with the knowledge about sexually transmitted diseases among youths. Bivariate analysis reveals that education, mass media exposure, mother’s education, marital status, ecological belts and regions are significantly associated (p<0.001). However, multivariate analysis shows that education and mass media exposure are the strong factors (p<0.001) associated with knowledge of at least one STD among youths after controlling others variables in the model. A special attention should be given to girls’ education particularly for the rural, remote and interior parts of the country. In addition, IEC through mass media may be an immediate action to improve the level of knowledge and awareness about STDs among youths in Nepal. Janapriya Journal of Interdisciplinary Studies Vol. 2, No.1 (December 2013), page: 101-109
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Kang, Seok Hui, A. Young Kim, and Jun Young Do. "Comparison of lean mass indices as predictors of mortality in incident peritoneal dialysis patients." PLOS ONE 16, no. 7 (2021): e0254942. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0254942.
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Background Few studies have considered optimal adjusted lean mass indices for prediction of clinical outcomes in peritoneal dialysis (PD) patients. We aimed to evaluate clinical variables using various adjusted indices in PD patients. Methods Total 528 incident PD patients were included. Lean mass was measured using dual energy X-ray absorptiometry. Appendicular lean mass (ALM) was calculated using the sum for both upper and lower extremities. Each ALM index was calculated using ALM per body weight (ALM/BW), height squared (ALM/Ht2), or body mass index (ALM/BMI). Limb/trunk lean mass (LTLM) ratio was defined as the sum for both upper and lower extremities divided by trunk lean mass. Results A total of 528 patients were analyzed men: 286, women: 242. In area under the receiver operating characteristic curve analyses, LTLM alone was associated with 1 year mortality. In the LTLM ratio, the cut-off value for 1-year mortality was ≤ 0.829 in men and ≤ 0.717 in women, respectively. In both sexes, LTLM ratio alone showed statistical significance in all-cause mortality in both univariate and multivariate Cox-regression analyses. Compared with other indices, the LTLM ratio was independent of edema and fat in both sexes. Edema- and C-reactive protein-adjusted correlation analysis showed that LTLM ratio alone was associated with serum albumin in men. Although statistical significance was not obtained for women, the correlation coefficient was highest for the LTLM ratio compared with other indices. Conclusion Among various indices using lean mass, LTLM ratio was independent of volume status and fat mass and was associated with mortality in incident PD patients.
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Lee, YoonJe, Hyun Kyung Park, Won Young Kim, Myung Chun Kim, Woong Jung, and Byuk Sung Ko. "Muscle Mass Depletion Associated with Poor Outcome of Sepsis in the Emergency Department." Annals of Nutrition and Metabolism 72, no. 4 (2018): 336–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000488994.
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Background/Aims: Muscle mass depletion has been suggested to predict morbidity and mortality in various diseases. However, it is not well known whether muscle mass depletion is associated with poor outcome in sepsis. We hypothesized that muscle mass depletion is associated with poor outcome in sepsis. Methods: Retrospective observational study was conducted in an emergency department during a 9-year period. Medical records of 627 patients with sepsis were reviewed. We divided the patients into 2 groups according to 28-day mortality and compared the presence of muscle mass depletion assessed by the cross-sectional area of the psoas muscle at the level of the third lumbar vertebra on abdomen CT scans. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were conducted to examine the association of scarcopenia on the outcome of sepsis. Results: A total of 274 patients with sepsis were finally included in the study: 45 (16.4%) did not survive on 28 days and 77 patients (28.1%) were identified as having muscle mass depletion. The presence of muscle mass depletion was independently associated with 28-day mortality on multivariate logistic analysis (OR 2.79; 95% CI 1.35–5.74, p = 0.01). Conclusions: Muscle mass depletion evaluated by CT scan was associated with poor outcome of sepsis patients. Further studies on the appropriateness of specific treatment for muscle mass depletion with sepsis are needed.
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Mohammadi, Hanieh, Joel Ohm, Andrea Discacciati, et al. "Abdominal obesity and the risk of recurrent atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease after myocardial infarction." European Journal of Preventive Cardiology 27, no. 18 (2020): 1944–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2047487319898019.
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Background The association between abdominal obesity and recurrent atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease after myocardial infarction remains unknown. Objective The purpose of this study was to investigate the prevalence of abdominal obesity and its association with recurrent atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease in patients after a first myocardial infarction. Design and methods In this register-based observational cohort, 22,882 patients were identified from the national Swedish Web-system for Enhancement and Development of Evidence-based Care in Heart Disease Evaluated According to Recommended Therapies (SWEDEHEART) registry at a clinical revisit 4–10 weeks after their first myocardial infarction 2005–2014. Patients were followed for recurrent atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease defined as non-fatal myocardial infarction, coronary heart disease death, non-fatal or fatal ischaemic stroke. Univariate and multivariable-adjusted Cox regression models were used to calculate hazard ratios and 95% confidence intervals in quintiles of waist circumference as well as three categories of body mass index including normal weight, overweight and obesity. Results The majority of patients had abdominal obesity. During a median follow-up time of 3.8 years, 1232 men (7.3%) and 469 women (7.9%) experienced a recurrent atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease event. In the univariate analysis, risk was elevated in the fifth quintile (hazard ratio 1.22, 95% confidence interval 1.07–1.39) compared with the first. In the multivariable-adjusted analysis, risk was elevated in the fourth and fifth quintiles (hazard ratio 1.21, confidence interval 1.03–1.43 and hazard ratio 1.25, confidence interval 1.04–1.50), respectively. Gender-stratified analyses showed similar associations in men, while U-shaped associations were observed in women and the body mass index analyses. Conclusions Abdominal obesity was common in post-myocardial infarction patients and larger waist circumference was independently associated with recurrent atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease, particularly in men. We recommend utilising waist circumference to identify patients at increased risk of recurrent atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease after myocardial infarction.
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Yin, Zudong, Yanyan Zhu, Zhangzhu Li, et al. "Factors related to residual gallbladder calculi formation using computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging combined with clinical data." Journal of International Medical Research 48, no. 9 (2020): 030006052095896. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0300060520958968.
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Objective We aimed to investigate risk factors related to remnant gallbladder (RGB) stones. Methods This retrospective study included 73 patients with RGB, in groups with and without RGB calculi. Univariate analyses were used to identify nine variables associated with RGB calculi: sex, age, body mass index (BMI), time to detection, surgical method, length of RGB, angle of RGB and common hepatic duct (CHD), choledocholithiasis, and remnant cholecystitis. Multivariate logistic regression was performed to assess independent predictors of RGB stones. A receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to estimate model accuracy and determine cut-off values of independent predictors. Results We enrolled 73 patients, 33 with and 40 without RGB stones. Univariate analyses showed that age, BMI, time to detection, length of RGB, angle of RGB and CHD were predictors for RGB calculi. Multivariate analyses indicated that time to detection, length of RGB, and angle of RGB and CHD were independent predictors for RGB calculi. The area under the ROC curve of the model was 0.940. Cut-off values of the three indicators were 1.5 years, 2.25 cm, and 22.5°, respectively. Conclusion Time to detection, length of RGB, and angle of RGB and CHD were independent predictors of RGB calculi.
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Ershler, Rachel, Bindu Kanapuru, Yutao Gong, et al. "FDA Analysis: Impact of Body Mass Index (BMI) on Outcomes in Relapsed-Refractory Multiple Myeloma." Blood 134, Supplement_1 (2019): 5505. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood-2019-130551.
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Background: Obesity has been implicated as a risk factor for the development of certain types of cancers, including multiple myeloma (Wallin 2011). In a report published in NEJM in 2016, the relative risk of multiple myeloma for overweight to class 1 obese individuals was 1.2, versus a relative risk of 1.5 for class 2 to 3 obese individuals (Lauby-Secretan 2016). Recent reports indicate that BMI may impact prognosis in patients with newly diagnosed multiple myeloma (Beason 2013). Minimal information is available on impact of BMI and prognosis in patients with relapsed-refractory multiple myeloma. We analyzed the association between BMI and clinical outcomes in patients with relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma to determine if there is a difference in outcomes based on body weight. Methods: We conducted a retrospective analysis of four clinical trials evaluating novel therapeutics. These trials enrolled patients with relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma who had received one or more prior therapies. Patients were categorized into four groups, underweight (BMI <18.5 kg/m2), normal weight (BMI 18.5-24.9 kg/m2), overweight (BMI 25.0-29.9 kg/m2) and obese (BMI >30.0 kg/m2). The Kaplan-Meier method was used to estimate progression free survival and overall survival. Results: A total of 2392 subjects were included in this analysis. The median age was 65 years (range 30-91 years). A total of 28 (1.2%) subjects were underweight, 733 (30.6%) were normal weight, 1032 (43.1%) were overweight, and 599 (25.0%) were obese. More of the underweight subjects were female (82.1%), whereas more of the overweight and obese subjects were male (62.9% and 56.6%, respectively). The median PFS and OS K-M curves are displayed below. In this univariate analysis, there were no differences in PFS (p=0.61) or OS (p=0.7) among the four groups. There were some differences in the underweight population; however, the small sample size of this group precludes any meaningful conclusions. Univariate analyses by gender did not reveal any differences in outcomes based on body weight. Conclusion: In patients with relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma, body weight had no impact on outcomes, as measured by PFS and OS. These results are consistent with previous findings on the effect of BMI on survival in subjects with multiple myeloma after autologous stem cell transplant (Kocoglu 2018). Limitations of this analysis include the use of a univariate analysis, the small sample size for patients who were underweight, heterogeneity in the treatment regimens, and immaturity of the OS data. Future studies are needed to evaluate other variables such as the relationship between cytogenetics and body weight, as well as analyses of safety based on body weight in this relapsed/refractory patient population. Figure Disclosures Shah: Physicians' Education Resource: Honoraria. Mailankody:Juno: Research Funding; Celgene: Research Funding; Janssen: Research Funding; Takeda Oncology: Research Funding; CME activity by Physician Education Resource: Honoraria. Landgren:Sanofi: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Karyopharm: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Amgen: Honoraria, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Research Funding; Abbvie: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Merck: Other: IDMC; Theradex: Other: IDMC; Celgene: Honoraria, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Research Funding; Adaptive: Honoraria, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Janssen: Honoraria, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Research Funding; Takeda: Honoraria, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Research Funding.
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Chen, Macarulla, Blanc, et al. "Nomogram for Predicting Survival in Patients Treated with Liposomal Irinotecan Plus Fluorouracil and Leucovorin in Metastatic Pancreatic Cancer." Cancers 11, no. 8 (2019): 1068. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cancers11081068.
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NAPOLI-1 (NCT01494506) was a phase III study of liposomal irinotecan (nal-IRI) plus 5-fluorouracil/leucovorin (5-FU/LV) in patients with metastatic pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (mPDAC) previously treated with gemcitabine-based therapy. This post hoc analysis of NAPOLI-1 aimed to develop a predictive nomogram for overall survival (OS) at 6 and 12 months. Analyses were derived from all patients in NAPOLI-1 randomized to receive nal-IRI+5-FU/LV, nal-IRI monotherapy, or 5-FU/LV combination therapy. OS was associated with baseline factors using univariate and multivariable Cox analyses. A predictive nomogram was derived and validated using a concordance index and calibration plots. The univariate analyses identified 21 independent factors that contributed to OS, with eight factors significantly associated with OS. The Karnofsky Performance Score contributed the largest number of points (100), followed by presence of liver metastasis (98) and randomization to nal-IRI+5-FU/LV (96). The other baseline factors showing effects were albumin (g/dL), neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio, carbohydrate antigen 19-9 (U/mL), disease stage at diagnosis, and body mass index (kg/m2). The nomogram was used to predict the 6- and 12-month survival probability. The mean absolute errors between the observed and predicted probabilities for OS at 3, 6, and 9 months were 0.07, 0.08, and 0.07, respectively. This nomogram, based on NAPOLI-1, provides additional insight to aid decision-making for patients with mPDAC after previous gemcitabine-based therapy.
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Thévenot, Etienne A., Aurélie Roux, Ying Xu, Eric Ezan, and Christophe Junot. "Analysis of the Human Adult Urinary Metabolome Variations with Age, Body Mass Index, and Gender by Implementing a Comprehensive Workflow for Univariate and OPLS Statistical Analyses." Journal of Proteome Research 14, no. 8 (2015): 3322–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.jproteome.5b00354.
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Chawes, Bo L., Giuseppe Giordano, Paola Pirillo, et al. "Neonatal Urine Metabolic Profiling and Development of Childhood Asthma." Metabolites 9, no. 9 (2019): 185. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/metabo9090185.
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Urine metabolomics case-control studies of childhood asthma have demonstrated a discriminative ability. Here, we investigated whether urine metabolic profiles from healthy neonates were associated with the development of asthma in childhood. Untargeted metabolomics by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry was applied to urine samples collected at age 4 weeks in 171 and 161 healthy neonates born from mothers with asthma from the COPSAC2000 and COPSAC2010 cohorts, respectively, where persistent wheeze/asthma was prospectively diagnosed using a symptom-based algorithm. Univariate and multivariate analyses were applied to investigate differences in metabolic profiles between children who developed asthma and healthy children. Univariate analysis showed 63 and 87 metabolites (q-value < 0.15) in COPSAC2000 and COPSAC2010, respectively, which is promising for discriminating between asthmatic and healthy children. Of those, 14 metabolites were common among the two cohorts. Multivariate random forest and projection to latent structures discriminant analyses confirmed the discriminatory capacity of the metabolic profiles in both cohorts with estimated errors in prediction equal to 35% and AUCpred > 0.60. Database search enabled annotation of three discriminative features: a glucoronidated compound (steroid), 3-hydroxytetradecanedioic acid (fatty acid), and taurochenodeoxycholate-3-sulfate (bile acid). The urine metabolomics profiles from healthy neonates were associated with the development of childhood asthma, but further research is needed to understand underlying metabolic pathways.
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Johnson, Kai Conrad Cecil, Ai Ni, Michael Grimm, et al. "The survival benefit of anti-HER2 treatment in the management of small (T1mic, T1a, T1b, T1c), node-negative HER2+ breast cancer." Journal of Clinical Oncology 40, no. 16_suppl (2022): 532. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2022.40.16_suppl.532.
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532 Background: Limited compelling prospective and retrospective data regarding the added benefit of anti-HER2 therapy in the management of small, node-negative HER2-positive breast cancer (HER2+BC) exists, in part due to differences in outcome reporting, unmatched analyses, and a lack of head-to-head comparisons. As a result, national guideline committees find themselves unable to confidently recommend anti-HER2 therapy and clinicians are left to exercise clinical judgement on whether the use of anti-HER2 therapy should be considered for such patients. Methods: Our team performed a multi-institutional retrospective analysis using the ASCO CancerLinQ database, with a focus on clinical data from small, node-negative HER2+BC patients diagnosed between 2010 to 2021. We compared clinical outcomes between those who received adjuvant trastuzumab therapy, with or without chemotherapy, to those who did not, with our primary outcomes being invasive disease-free survival (iDFS) and overall survival (OS). We performed both a univariate and multivariate analysis, using a Cox proportional hazard model to control for factors including age, ethnicity, body mass index, hormone status, tumor grade, histology type, BRCA status, region, and smoking history. Additionally, a three-arm univariate analysis was performed comparing untreated patients to trastuzumab alone versus combination therapy. Results: In total, 1206 patients met inclusion criteria, including 779 patients who received trastuzumab with or without chemotherapy. We found a statistically significant improvement in both iDFS (HR 0.73, p = 0.01) and OS (HR 0.63, p = 0.027) on univariate analysis for those receiving anti-HER2 therapy. Similarly on multivariate analysis, iDFS (HR 0.75, p = 0.030) and OS (HR 0.61, p = 0.029) were improved in those who received therapy, regardless of tumor size. Our three-arm univariate analysis involving no treatment (n = 427), trastuzumab monotherapy (n = 169), and combination therapy (n = 578) found that iDFS was significantly improved for both treatment arms compared to observation alone (p = 0.006), whereas OS trended towards significance in the treatment arms but did not reach this target (p = 0.061). No significant difference was noted between treatment arms. Conclusions: Our analysis found a statistically significant improvement in iDFS and OS when patients with small, node negative, HER2+BC received adjuvant anti-HER2 therapy with or without chemotherapy as compared to observation. From our univariate three-arm comparison, it appears that trastuzumab provides the majority of benefit to patients in terms of DFS, but this result is exploratory. Further investigation is warranted, including meta-analyses to better characterize the degree of benefit seen with anti-HER2 treatment. For now, this data adds to evidence suggesting added benefit with therapy over observation.
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Sato, Tsutomu, Toru Aoyama, Yukio Maezawa, et al. "Impact of preoperative sarcopenia on recurrecnce in gastric cancer surgery." Journal of Clinical Oncology 34, no. 4_suppl (2016): 120. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2016.34.4_suppl.120.
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120 Background: Our previous study clarified that morbidity was a negative prognostic factor and sarcopenia defined by of the handgrip strength was a risk factor for the morbidity in gastric cancer surgery. Sarcopenia was reportedly a negative prognostic factor in colorectal cancer, hepatocellular carcinoma and malignant melanoma. This study aimed to evaluate impact of preoperative sarcopenia on recurrence-free survival (RFS) in gastric cancer surgery. Methods: Between May 2011 and June 2013, 256 consecutive primary gastric cancer patients who underwent curative surgery were retrospectively examined. Patients who received neoadjuvant chemotherapy or were diagnosed with pathological stage IV were excluded. Preoperative skeletal muscle mass was evaluated by bioelectrical impedance analysis and was expressed as skeletal muscle index or SMI (muscle mass/height2) by adjusting absolute muscle mass with height. Preoperative muscle function was measured by hand grip strength (HGS). Each cutoff value was determined as the gender-specific lowest 20% of the distribution of each measurement. Univariate and multivariate analyses were preformed to identify risk factors for RFS using a Cox proportional hazards model. Results: Median age (range) was 66 years (37-85 years). Male to female ratio was 168:88. Median follow-up period was 33.4 months. Pathological stage was I in 160, II in 48 and III in 48 patients. Univariate analysis showed that age, adjuvant chemotherapy, pT, pN, histological type, tumor size, total gastrectomy, low SMI and low HGS were significant risk factors for RFS. Multi-variate Cox’s proportional hazard analyses demonstrated that pT (HR 2.76, p = 0.0001), pN (HR 1.375, p = 0.037), histological type (HR 3.46, p = 0.014), low SMI (HR2.17, p = 0.036) were the significant risk factors for RFS. The three-year RFS was 89.1% in the patients with high SMI and 73.2% in those with low SMI (p = 0.007). Conclusions: Low SMI was an independent risk factor for RFS in Stage I-III gastric cancer. Low HGS, a risk factor for morbidity shown in our previous study, was not a risk independent factor for RFS. Preoperative sarcopenia as the short- and long-term outcomes has a value to be tested in the future prospective studies in gastric cancer surgery.
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Campbell, Steven J., Kate Wolfer, Battist Utinger, et al. "Atmospheric conditions and composition that influence PM<sub>2.5</sub> oxidative potential in Beijing, China." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 21, no. 7 (2021): 5549–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-5549-2021.
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Abstract. Epidemiological studies have consistently linked exposure to PM2.5 with adverse health effects. The oxidative potential (OP) of aerosol particles has been widely suggested as a measure of their potential toxicity. Several acellular chemical assays are now readily employed to measure OP; however, uncertainty remains regarding the atmospheric conditions and specific chemical components of PM2.5 that drive OP. A limited number of studies have simultaneously utilised multiple OP assays with a wide range of concurrent measurements and investigated the seasonality of PM2.5 OP. In this work, filter samples were collected in winter 2016 and summer 2017 during the atmospheric pollution and human health in a Chinese megacity campaign (APHH-Beijing), and PM2.5 OP was analysed using four acellular methods: ascorbic acid (AA), dithiothreitol (DTT), 2,7-dichlorofluorescin/hydrogen peroxidase (DCFH) and electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy (EPR). Each assay reflects different oxidising properties of PM2.5, including particle-bound reactive oxygen species (DCFH), superoxide radical production (EPR) and catalytic redox chemistry (DTT/AA), and a combination of these four assays provided a detailed overall picture of the oxidising properties of PM2.5 at a central site in Beijing. Positive correlations of OP (normalised per volume of air) of all four assays with overall PM2.5 mass were observed, with stronger correlations in winter compared to summer. In contrast, when OP assay values were normalised for particle mass, days with higher PM2.5 mass concentrations (µg m−3) were found to have lower mass-normalised OP values as measured by AA and DTT. This finding supports that total PM2.5 mass concentrations alone may not always be the best indicator for particle toxicity. Univariate analysis of OP values and an extensive range of additional measurements, 107 in total, including PM2.5 composition, gas-phase composition and meteorological data, provided detailed insight into the chemical components and atmospheric processes that determine PM2.5 OP variability. Multivariate statistical analyses highlighted associations of OP assay responses with varying chemical components in PM2.5 for both mass- and volume-normalised data. AA and DTT assays were well predicted by a small set of measurements in multiple linear regression (MLR) models and indicated fossil fuel combustion, vehicle emissions and biogenic secondary organic aerosol (SOA) as influential particle sources in the assay response. Mass MLR models of OP associated with compositional source profiles predicted OP almost as well as volume MLR models, illustrating the influence of mass composition on both particle-level OP and total volume OP. Univariate and multivariate analysis showed that different assays cover different chemical spaces, and through comparison of mass- and volume-normalised data we demonstrate that mass-normalised OP provides a more nuanced picture of compositional drivers and sources of OP compared to volume-normalised analysis. This study constitutes one of the most extensive and comprehensive composition datasets currently available and provides a unique opportunity to explore chemical variations in PM2.5 and how they affect both PM2.5 OP and the concentrations of particle-bound reactive oxygen species.
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TRAUTH, JOY B., RONALD L. JOHNSON, and STANLEY E. TRAUTH. "Conservation implications of a morphometric comparison between the Illinois Chorus Frog (Pseudacris streckeri illinoensis) and Strecker’s Chorus Frog (P. s. streckeri) (Anura: Hylidae) from Arkansas, Illinois, Missouri, Oklahoma, and Texas." Zootaxa 1589, no. 1 (2007): 23–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1589.1.2.
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Much uncertainty exists regarding the taxonomic status of the Illinois Chorus Frog (Pseudacris streckeri illinoensis Smith; ICF) relative to Strecker’s Chorus Frog (P. s. streckeri, Wright & Wright; SCF) of the southcentral United States (US). Molecular analyses have been inconsistent in providing taxonomic insight, and no formal morphological comparisons have been previously performed. Each taxon possesses a wide range of background colors. We undertook morphometric analyses to help clarify their taxonomic relationship. Tibia length and mass were compared for live Arkansas (AR) specimens and snout-vent, head and tibia lengths were measured from preserved vouchered specimens. Tibia length and mass were significantly greater for living ICFs versus SCFs in AR. Among preserved specimens, tibia, snoutvent and head lengths were significantly greatly for AR ICFs relative to most intraspecific groups, and Texas (TX) SCFs were significantly smaller than most other groups. Principal components analysis was largely consistent with univariate analyses, although Missouri (MO) ICFs also partitioned distinctly from other sample groups. These data provide morphological evidence of geographic (clinal) variation within a species, but do not provide support for the taxonomic elevation of the ICF to species status. Our data do provide evidence of distinct population segments of P. streckeri. As ICF habitat suitable for reproduction has dramatically declined in Arkansas as have population numbers, we recommend the listing of AR ICFs as a distinct population segment under the Endangered Species Act.
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Coiffier, B., and E. Lepage. "Prognosis of aggressive lymphomas: a study of five prognostic models with patients included in the LNH-84 regimen." Blood 74, no. 2 (1989): 558–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v74.2.558.558.
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Abstract Four prognostic models described for aggressive malignant lymphomas and the classical Ann Arbor staging system were used to compare the survival of 737 patients treated with the LNH-84 regimen. The aim of the study was to determine the optimal prognostic system at the time of diagnosis. Three institutions have described these models after multivariate analyses: the Dana Farber Cancer Institute (DFCI1 and DFCI2), the MD Anderson Hospital (MDAH), and the Memorial Sloan- Kettering Cancer Center (MSKCC). The models were constructed with the following variables: performance status, LDH level, and tumor extension. The latter is the most difficult to assess: it was considered as the number of extranodal sites and the diameter of the largest mass in DFCI1, stage and the diameter of the largest mass in DFCI2, the number of extranodal and extensive nodal sites in MDAH, and the number of nodal sites and their localization in MSKCC. Univariate studies with LNH-84 regimen patients showed all these variables to have major prognostic significance (logrank tests: P less than 10(-4)). All five prognostic systems divided patients into three subgroups: good, intermediate, and poor prognosis. Logrank analyses of survival showed highly significant differences (X2 greater than 90 and P less than 10(- 6)) between the subgroups. No gross difference was found between the models, and none was better than the others. A new, internationally accepted prognostic system for the expression and comparison of treatment results in aggressive malignant lymphomas should include major univariate prognostic parameters and must be reliable and easy to use in clinical practice. Until such time, stage or LDH level are the best alternatives.
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Coiffier, B., and E. Lepage. "Prognosis of aggressive lymphomas: a study of five prognostic models with patients included in the LNH-84 regimen." Blood 74, no. 2 (1989): 558–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v74.2.558.bloodjournal742558.
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Four prognostic models described for aggressive malignant lymphomas and the classical Ann Arbor staging system were used to compare the survival of 737 patients treated with the LNH-84 regimen. The aim of the study was to determine the optimal prognostic system at the time of diagnosis. Three institutions have described these models after multivariate analyses: the Dana Farber Cancer Institute (DFCI1 and DFCI2), the MD Anderson Hospital (MDAH), and the Memorial Sloan- Kettering Cancer Center (MSKCC). The models were constructed with the following variables: performance status, LDH level, and tumor extension. The latter is the most difficult to assess: it was considered as the number of extranodal sites and the diameter of the largest mass in DFCI1, stage and the diameter of the largest mass in DFCI2, the number of extranodal and extensive nodal sites in MDAH, and the number of nodal sites and their localization in MSKCC. Univariate studies with LNH-84 regimen patients showed all these variables to have major prognostic significance (logrank tests: P less than 10(-4)). All five prognostic systems divided patients into three subgroups: good, intermediate, and poor prognosis. Logrank analyses of survival showed highly significant differences (X2 greater than 90 and P less than 10(- 6)) between the subgroups. No gross difference was found between the models, and none was better than the others. A new, internationally accepted prognostic system for the expression and comparison of treatment results in aggressive malignant lymphomas should include major univariate prognostic parameters and must be reliable and easy to use in clinical practice. Until such time, stage or LDH level are the best alternatives.
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Gang, Xiang-Hui, Yuan-Yuan Duan, Bin Zhang, et al. "Clinical characteristics of testicular torsion and factors influencing testicular salvage in children: A 12-year study in tertiary center." World Journal of Clinical Cases 12, no. 7 (2024): 1251–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.12998/wjcc.v12.i7.1251.
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BACKGROUND Testicular torsion is the most common acute scrotum worldwide and mainly occurs in children and adolescents. Studies have demonstrated that the duration of symptoms and torsion grade lead to different outcomes in children diagnosed with testicular torsion. AIM To predict the possibility of testicular salvage (TS) in patients with testicular torsion in a tertiary center. METHODS We reviewed the charts of 75 pediatric patients with acute testicular torsion during a 12-year period from November 2011 to July 2023 at the Suzhou Hospital of Anhui Medical University. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were used to determine independent predictors of testicular torsion. The data included clinical findings, physical examinations, laboratory data, color Doppler ultrasound findings, operating results, age, presenting institution status, and follow-up results. RESULTS Our study included 75 patients. TS was possible in 57.3% of all patients; testicular torsion occurred mostly in winter, and teenagers aged 11-15 years old accounted for 60%. Univariate logistic regression analyses revealed that younger age (P = 0.09), body mass index (P = 0.004), torsion angle (P = 0.013), red blood cell count (P = 0.03), neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (P = 0.009), and initial presenting institution (P < 0.001) were associated with orchiectomy. In multivariate analysis, only the initial presenting institution predicted TS (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION The initial presenting institution has a predictive value for predicting TS in patients with testicular torsion. Children with scrotal pain should be admitted to a tertiary hospital as soon as possible.
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Ganbat, Uyanga, Boris Feldman, Shane Arishenkoff, Graydon Meneilly, and Kenneth Madden. "Association Between Standard Gait Measures and Anterior Quadriceps Muscle Thickness as Measured by Point of Care Ultrasound (POCUS)." POCUS Journal 9, no. 2 (2024): 117–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.24908/pocus.v9i2.17659.
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Background: Gait parameters and sarcopenia both predict falls risk among older adults. Our objective was to evaluate whether fast, easy-to-obtain measures of anterior thigh muscle by point of care ultrasound (POCUS) are significantly associated with standard gait measures. Methods: All subjects were referred from ambulatory geriatric medicine clinics at an academic center. Quadriceps muscle thickness was measured by a portable ultrasound device. Gait variables were measured by the patient in comfortable walking shoes walking for six minutes. The primary response variables were gait variables, and the predictor variables were age, biological sex, body mass index, and muscle thickness. Univariate and multivariate regression analyses were performed. Results: A total of 150 participants were recruited from geriatric medicine clinics (65 women, 84 men). Muscle thickness was measured in 149 participants, and the mean (SD) was 1.91 (0.52) (median 1.82 cm, 0.96 to 3.68 cm). Univariate analysis of gait parameters with age showed a statistically significant correlation with gait speed (R2=0.16, P < 0.000), average stride length (R2=0.142, P < 0.000), and average stride velocity (R2=0.182, P < 0.000). Among all the gait variables, average swing time (P = 0.010) and average stance time (P = 0.010) were correlated significantly with muscle thickness. For multivariate analysis with age and gait variables, age was a significant independent variable for all gait variables that were significant in univariate analysis. Conclusion: POCUS showed a significant association with average swing time, average stance time, and step time variability. Although more work needs to be done, POCUS has the potential to be a rapid screening tool for gait assessment.
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Juvela, Seppo, Jari Siironen, and Jaakko Lappalainen. "Apolipoprotein E genotype and outcome after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage." Journal of Neurosurgery 110, no. 5 (2009): 989–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/2008.11.jns081266.
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Object After aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH), conflicting results concerning an association between the APOE genotype and impaired outcome have been reported. The authors tested prospectively whether APOE ε2 or ε4 allele–containing genotypes (ε2+ and ε4+) affect outcome after SAH. Methods Previous disease histories and clinical and radiological variables were recorded for 105 patients who were admitted within 48 hours after SAH. Fifteen patients (14%) had the ε2+ genotype and 31 (17%) had ε4+ genotypes. Factors predicting poor outcome according to the Glasgow Outcome Scale and cerebral infarction visible on CT scans obtained at 3 months after SAH were tested with multiple logistic regression analyses. Results Apolipoprotein E ε2 or ε4–containing genotypes were not associated with outcome, occurrence of cerebral infarction, or with any of their predictors, either in univariate or multivariate analysis. Poor outcome was predicted independently by the occurrence of intraventricular bleeding and intracerebral hematoma as well as by elevated levels of both plasma glucose and D-dimer, and delayed cerebral ischemia (p < 0.05 for each factor), and in univariate analysis only by clinical condition on admission and patient age. Cerebral infarction was predicted independently according to clinical condition on admission (p < 0.05), amount of subarachnoid blood (p < 0.01), duration of intraoperative parent artery clipping (p < 0.01), and body mass index (p < 0.05). In the univariate analysis only cerebral infarction was also predicted by patient age, intracerebral hematoma, and delayed cerebral ischemia. Conclusions Severity of bleeding for the most part predicts outcome after SAH; APOE polymorphisms seem to have no prognostic value for outcome after SAH. This result was in accordance with the findings from the largest ischemic stroke studies.
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Abdelbaki, M., Y. SAYAD, Boudiaf EH, and AMRANE MO. "Operative Morbidity and Mortality of Aortic Stenosis with Left Ventricular Dysfunction." Clinical Medicine And Health Research Journal 4, no. 2 (2024): 887–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.18535/cmhrj.v4i2.352.
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Objectives: Study of the operative morbidity and mortality of aortic stenosis with left ventricular systolic dysfunction (LVEF < or = 35%). Method: 73 patients with a mean age of 55+/-8 years, 59 of whom were men, underwent surgery between January 2014 and december 2019; 14% (10/73) of these patients had a pre-operative low trans-valvular aortic gradient (<30mmHg). We determined the factors predictive of operative mortality using univariate and multivariate analyses, analysed changes in functional status and left ventricular ejection fraction, and compared operative mortality and late survival in these 73 patients with those in a control group with no left ventricular dysfunction. Results: The mean NYHA stage, before and after aortic valve replacement, fell from 3.8 to 1.7, and the mean improvement in LVEF was 28+/-13. In univariate analysis, the parameters significantly associated with operative mortality were arterial hypertension (p=0.039), congestive heart failure (p=0.030), a smaller indexed left ventricular mass (p=0.039), a mean gradient of less than 30mmHg (at the limit of significance (p=0.053)), a low cardiac index (p=0.0045), and mono-truncular coronary involvement (p=0.042). In multivariate analysis, no variable was identified as an independent predictor of operative mortality. Conclusion: Operative mortality was significantly higher 11.7%vs 2.9% (p=0.048) in the group with left ventricular dysfunction, although late survival rates were similar in the 2 groups (86.8% vs 93%). Given the spontaneous prognosis and the increased operative risk, these patients should be operated on.
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Erlich, T., Y. Abu-Ghanem, J. Ramon, Y. Mor, B. Rosenzweig, and Z. Dotan. "Postoperative Urinary Leakage Following Partial Nephrectomy for Renal Mass: Risk Factors and a Proposed Algorithm for the Diagnosis and Management." Scandinavian Journal of Surgery 106, no. 2 (2016): 139–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1457496916659225.
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Objectives: To evaluate the current incidence, risk factors, management, and long-term follow-up of urinary leakage following partial nephrectomy, in order to propose an algorithm for diagnosis and evaluation of postoperative urinary leakage. Materials and Methods: The study included 752 patients who underwent elective partial nephrectomies for renal masses between the years 1988 and 2013. Patients’ demographics, clinico-pathologic variables, and operative details were collected retrospectively. The associations between urinary leakage and patients’ variables were assessed by univariate and multivariate analyses. Results: Of the 752 patients, 21 (2.8%) experienced urinary leakage; 4 of the 21 patients with urinary leakage had spontaneous resolution, 1 patient underwent nephrectomy, and 16 patients were treated by retrograde ureteral stents insertion. One of them necessitated insertion of an additional percutaneous nephrostomy and another one deserved concomitant percutaneous drainage of a perirenal urinoma. The average period of time that elapsed from the operation until the insertion of stent was 8.5 ± 4.5 days. Stents were removed 68 ± 20.5 days postoperatively. None of the patients had either persistent or repeated leakage. On univariate analysis, hilar renal masses (p < 0.04) and higher preoperative creatinine levels (p < 0.01) were found to be associated with higher rates of urinary leakage. None of these variables was significant on a multivariate analysis. Review of the urinary leakage rate over time revealed it has been constantly decreasing over time, from 4% in early cases to 1.3% among the most recent ones. Conclusion: None of the preoperative variables that were examined in this study was significantly associated with increased risk of urinary leakage. However, cumulative surgical experience was associated with lower rates of urinary leakage, suggesting that the decrease in its incidence is related to the improved surgical skills, rather than to differences in tumors’ or patients’ characteristics.
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Changestu, Daniel Alexander, Ery Hermawati, and Agustina Arundina Triharja Tejoyuwono. "Chronotype, Eating Habits, and Body Mass Index in First-Year Undergraduate Medical Program Students." Chronobiology in Medicine 5, no. 4 (2023): 194–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.33069/cim.2023.0029.
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This cross-sectional study aimed to identify the correlation between chronotype and body mass index (BMI) in medical students, mediated by energy intake, and to explore eating habits. There were 46 participants who completed Morningness-Eveningness Questionnaire and Chrononutrition- Profile Questionnaire in the Indonesia version and a 3 days of 24-hour food record. Participants’ weight and height were measured by microtoise and digital body weight scale. Additionally, univariate and correlation analyses were conducted to identify the correlation of the variables. The study found no significant difference in the correlation between chronotype preference and BMI, chronotype preference and energy intake, and BMI and energy intake. Medical students had a habit of eating breakfast, even skipping breakfast, having dinner later, consuming the highest energy at lunchtime, and consuming high-calorie, high-fat, and high-sugar foods at night. The study revealed no significant correlation between chronotype, eating habits, and BMI. However, the eveningness medical students have bad eating habits.
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Mu, Lin, Chao Li, Wenying Zhao, Aihua Li, Dong Zhao, and Baoyu Zhang. "Association between Sleep Duration and Left Ventricular Hypertrophy for Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus." International Journal of Endocrinology 2023 (November 28, 2023): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2023/5532778.
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Objective. In this study, we aimed to estimate the impact of sleep duration on left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Methods. Consecutive patients with T2DM undergoing transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) in our center from October 2017 to February 2021 were analyzed. The association of the risk of LVH in T2DM patients was evaluated using univariable and multivariable logistic regression analyses. Results. This study finally included 2689 adult patients (mean age 51.8 ± 12.5 years, 56.2% men, mean sleep duration 7.6 ± 1.4 hours per day). Of all patients, 655 (24.4%) patients were diagnosed with LVH and 2034 did not have LVH. All patients were adults and were diagnosed with T2DM. In the univariate and multivariate regression analyses, gender, sleep duration, body mass index (BMI), waist, hemoglobin (Hb), blood creatinine (Cr), and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c) were associated with LVH. In the restricted cubic spline (RCS) model, the cut-off points of sleep duration given refer to the group of patients with T2DM and LVH were 8 hours per day. With the cut-off points, the multivariable analysis demonstrated that, for diabetic patients, LVH was significantly correlated with a sleep duration of 8 hours per day, hemoglobin, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), and HDL-c. Conclusion. For patients with T2DM, long sleep duration (>8 hours per day), hemoglobin, BUN, and HDL-c were independently associated with LVH. This trial is registered with NCT03811470.