Journal articles: 'Massa grassa'

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Santos, Raimundo Nonato Macedo dos. "Indicadores estratégicos em ciência e tecnologia: refletindo a sua prática como dispositivo de inclusão/exclusão." Transinformação 15, spe (December 2003): 129–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0103-37862003000500007.

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A ciência, enquanto atividade, é uma construção social complexa que requer ousadia e altos investimentos. Não é neutra, nem extemporânea; grassa na concentração do seu labor, o que, em conseqüência, favorece o monopólio econômico dos seus resultados. Elitiza-se, materializa-se no efeito São Mateus: a quem tem, mais lhe será dado. Portanto, boas intenções e contradições requerem reflexões, questionamentos, discussões, crítica e massa crítica. Tal é a área de concentração da "Ciência das Ciências", contemplada neste trabalho.

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Liu, A. G., S. R. Smith, K. Fujioka, F. L. Greenway, and Paola Fierabracci. "Effetti di leptina, caffeina/efedrina e loro combinazione sulla massa grassa viscerale e sul calo ponderale." L'Endocrinologo 14, no. 6 (December 2013): 276. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf03346120.

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Figueiredo, Diego Hilgemberg, Diogo Hilgemberg Figueiredo, Antonio Carlos Dourado, Luiz Claudio Reeberg Stanganelli, and Helcio Rossi Gonçalves. "Evaluation of body composition and its relationship with physical fitness in professional soccer players at the beginning of pre-season (Evaluación de la composición corporal y su relación com la aptitud física em futebolistas professionales al inicio de." Retos, no. 40 (November 5, 2020): 117–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.47197/retos.v1i40.82863.

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Abstract: The aim of the study was to compare the players characteristics and physical fitness parameters according to playing positions and to identify the relation between body composition and physical fitness in professional soccer players at the beginning of the preparation period. Sixteen professional soccer players participated in this study. Body composition was evaluated by air displacement plethysmography instrumentation (BOD POD®) and physical fitness with specific tests: Running Anaerobic Sprint Test (RAST), Counter Moviment Jump (CMJ), Squat Jump (SJ) and Abalakov jump (ABK), Yo-yo Intermittent Recovery Level 1 (Yo-yo IR1), agility test and flexibility. Kruskal Wallis test demonstrated no significant difference in all estimated body composition, age, height and physical fitness parameters according to three playing positions (p < 0.05). We verified a significant negative correlation between body fat percentage and the performance of CMJ, SJ, ABK, peak, mean and minimum power (-.51 to -.87) and a significant positive correlation with the agility parameter (r = .85). Regarding to lean mass percentage, a significant positive correlation was found with performance of CMJ, SJ, ABK and peak, mean and minimum power (.51 to -.82) and significant negative correlation with agility parameter (r = -.85). Based on the results, we concluded that at the beginning of a pre-season a higher body fat percentage is associated with a negative influence in physical fitness, thus confirming that a greater amount of lean mass percentage is positively associated with the initial level of physical fitness of professional soccer players. Resumén: El objetivo del studio fue comparar las características de los jugadores y los parâmetros de aptitud física según las posiciones de juego e identificar la relación entre la composición corporal y la aptitud física em futebolistas profisionales al inicio del período de preparación. Dieciséis futebolistas profesionales participaron em este estudio. La composición corporal se evaluómediante instrumentación de plestimografia por desplazamiento de aire (BOD POD®) y aptitud física com pruebas específicas: capacidade anaeróbia (RAST), saltos verticales (CMJ, SJ y salto abalakov- ABK), resistência aeróbia, prueba de agilidade y flexibilidad. Kruskal Wallis no demostró diferencias significativas em todos los parâmetros estimados de composición corporal, edad, altura y condición física según las três posiciones de juego (p < 0.05). Verificamos uma correlación negativa significativa entre el porcentaje de grasa corporal y el rendimento de CMJ, SJ, ABK, potencia pico, media y mínima (-.51 to -.87) y uma correlación positiva significativa com el parâmetro de agilidade (r = .85). Em cuanto al porcentaje de massa magra, se encontro uma correlación positiva significativa com el rendimento de CMJ, SJ, ABK y potencia pico, media y mínima (.51 to -.82) y correlación negativa significativa com el parâmetro de agilidade (r = -.85). Com base em los resultados, concluimos que al inicio de una pré-temporada um mayor porcentaje de grassa corporal se associa com uma influencia negativa em la aptitud física, confirmando así que uma mayor porcentaje de massa magra se associa positivamente com el nível inicial de aptitud física de los futebolistas profesionales.

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Migliaccio, Silvia. "Effetto della supplementazione con la vitamina D associato alla perdita di peso indotta dalla dieta sulla meta-infiammazione e sulla massa grassa in soggetti obesi con deficit di vitamina D: uno studio clinico in doppio cieco randomizzato e controllato con placebo." L'Endocrinologo 19, no. 6 (December 2018): 335–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40619-018-00505-w.

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Roncallo, F., I. Turtulici, A. Bartolini, R. Corvò, G. Sanguineti, V. Vitale, G. Margarino, M. Scala, P. Mereu, and F. Badellino. "Tomografia computerizzata e risonanza magnetica nella patologia del distretto testa collo." Rivista di Neuroradiologia 9, no. 4 (August 1996): 471–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/197140099600900421.

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Scopo del lavoro è quello di delineare le indicazioni generali alla radioterapia, definitiva o in associazione alla chirurgia, nei pazienti affetti da carcinoma del distretto testa-collo, anche sulla base delle informazioni TC ed RM, e di descrivere le alterazioni morfologiche radiologiche che emergono, differenziando quelle suggestive di persistenza o recidiva neoplastica, da quelle indotte dalla radioterapia. Sono stati selezionati 95 pazienti che hanno praticato radioterapia come unico trattamento o in associazione alla chirurgia. Il primo controllo radiologico è stato effettuato di norma in un periodo di tempo compreso tra i 3 e i 4, 5 mesi dal termine della radioterapia. I pazienti sono stati seguiti nel tempo con esami seriati rispettivamente a 6, 9 e 12 mesi a distanza dal termine della radioterapia, a seconda dei rilievi emersi al primo controllo a ciclo terapeutico ultimato. Per quanto concerne la valutazione della risposta del tumore primitivo alla radioterapia sono stati distinti tre gruppi di pazienti. Il primo gruppo comprende soggetti nei quali il tumore primitivo, valutato alla TC e/o RM prima del trattamento radioterapico, ha dimostrato una regressione volumetrica superiore al 75% nei controlli tra i 3 ed i 12 mesi dalla fine del ciclo terapeutico (31 pazienti). Il secondo gruppo comprende soggetti nei quali il volume tissutale residuo dopo radioterapia, nei controlli a tre mesi, ha dimostrato una regressione inferiore al 50%, una persistenza o addirittura una progressione (44 pazienti). Un terzo gruppo è costituito da soggetti nei quali la regressione volumetrica del tessuto neoplastico nel controllo a tre mesi dal termine del ciclo terapeutico radioterapico è compresa tra il 50 ed il 75%. Quest'ultimo gruppo è quello che pone i maggiori problemi diagnostici e che viene seguito con controlli seriati ogni tre mesi, anche in presenza di negatività degli esami clinici ed endoscopici (20 pazienti). Le alterazioni tissutali post-radioterapiche sono state distinte in transitorie e permanenti. Quelle transitorie hanno raggiunto il massimo della loro espressività al termine del ciclo di trattamento, con visualizzazione di una massa conglomerata più estesa del tumore primitivo. Quelle permanenti si sono verificate a carico dei tessuti superficiali (ispessimenti della cute e del platisma, addensamenti nel tessuto adiposo sottocutaneo), nei piani fasciali profondi periviscerali (fibrosi del connettivo lasso adiposo parafaringeo, cervicale anteriore e posteriore, pericarotideo), nelle logge salivari (scialoadenite reattiva e degenerazione grassa), a livello degli spazi mucosi profondi (ispessimento simmetrico e infiltrazione delle pliche ariepiglottiche e delle corde vocali false, obliterazione dei piani adiposi pre- e paraglottici). La difficoltà di interpretazione delle immagini, con particolare riguardo ai possibili falsi positivi e falsi negativi, rappresenta soltanto una delle diverse facce della complessa problematica in corso di carcinoma del distretto testa-collo. Infatti i quesiti da risolvere coinvolgono anche il clinico, il chirurgo, il radioterapista oltre che il radiologo, il cui sforzo comune deve essere quello di garantire al paziente la migliore terapia possibile a fronte di una qualità di vita accettabile.

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Siregar, Rolan. "Pengaruh Persentase Massa Pasir Terhadap Tegangan Tekan (Compressive Stress) Pada Grass Block Lubang Lima Berbahan Sampah Plastik." JTT (Jurnal Teknologi Terpadu) 8, no. 1 (April 27, 2020): 51–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.32487/jtt.v8i1.819.

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Dampak tumpukan sampah plastik terhadap lingkungan menjadi masalah yang sangat besar di tengah masyarakat Indonesia seperti pencemaran air, aroma udara yang tidak sejuk, dan ekosistem yang terganggu. Pengolahan sampah plastik menjadi masalah yang serius di Indonesia. Penelitian ini akan menampilkan pengolahan sampah plastik yang sederhana tetapi memiliki manfaat yang sangat besar, yaitu pembuatan grass block berbahan sampah plastik. Grass block adalah paving block yang memiliki lubang untuk pertumbahan rumput yang sekaligus berfungsi untuk memudahkan penyerapan air hujan kedalam tanah. Adapun grass block yang dibuat adalah grass block lubang lima dengan bentuk yang sesuai standar SNI. Tujuan khusus penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui tegangan tekan grass block berbahan sampah plastik beserta tegangan tekan grass block berbahan campuran sampah plastik dengan pasir. Metode penelitian ini adalah dengan cara eksperimental. Tahapan pelaksanaan penelitian dibuat secara sistematis yang dimulai dari studi literatur, perancangan dan pembuatan mesin cetak grass block, dan diakhiri dengan pengujian tekan grass block. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa tegangan tekan grass block yang berbahan sampah plastik penuh adalah 18 MPa, dan tegangan tekan maksimum grass block berbahan campuran pasir dengan sampah plastik adalah 19,7 MPa di mana persentase pasir adalah 6,25 %. Jumlah pasir yang melebih 6,25 % memiliki tegangan tekan yang semakin rendah. Berdasarkan standar SNI tegangan tekan suatu paving block berada pada 9.8 s.d. 39.2 MPa. Maka hasil pengujian menunjukkan bahwa tegangan tekan grass block tersebut telah berada pada rentang standar SNI. Oleh karena itu teknologi pengembangan grass block ini memiliki peranan penting dalam mengurangi dampak buruk sampah plastik.

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Pereira, Genildo Fonseca, João Virgínio Emerenciano Neto, Gelson Dos Santos Difante, Liz Carolina da Silva Lagos Cortes Assis, and Patrícia De Oliveira Lima. "Morphogenic and structural characteristics of tropical forage grasses managed under different regrowth periods in the Brazilian semi-arid region." Semina: Ciências Agrárias 40, no. 1 (February 15, 2019): 283. http://dx.doi.org/10.5433/1679-0359.2019v40n1p283.

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The objective of this study was to evaluate the morphogenetic and structural characteristics of tropical grasses managed under different regrowth periods. The experiment was conducted at the Federal Institute of Science and Technology Education of Rio Grande do Norte, located in the municipality of Apodi-RN, Brazil. The study design was in randomized blocks and the treatments were allocated in a 3x4 factorial arrangement, with three cultivars (Andropogon, Buffel and Massai) in four regrowth periods (21, 35, 49 and 63 days). The interaction between cultivar and age was significant for all studied variables, with the exception of leaf blade width and accumulation rate. The highest leaf appearance rates were observed in Buffel grass, regardless of the regrowth age. This characteristic was not influenced by age only in Andropogon grass. Higher stem elongation rates were observed in Buffel grass, while the lowest were observed in Massai grass until 35 days of regrowth, attributed to the presence of inflorescences. Canopy heights in Massai and Andropogon grass were greater than Buffel grass until 35 days of regrowth, Andropogon grass had higher height from 35 days of regrowth than the others. Andropogon grass showed higher rates of accumulation than Massai grass only at 21 days of regrowth, and no effects of regrowth age were observed for this variable. Buffel grass should be defoliated at 21 days, while Andropogon and Massai grass can be managed without losses between 21 and 63 days of regrowth.

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Dos Santos, Maurilio Sousa, Maria Elizabete De Oliveira, Tânia Maria Alves, Marcônio Martins Rodrigues, Arnaud Azevedo Alves, Wanderson Fiares De Carvalho, Adibe Luis Abdalla, and Marcelo Zacharias Moreira. "Productivity Performance of Sheep in Silvopastoral Systems With Cashew Tree Compared to Grass Monoculture." Journal of Agricultural Studies 10, no. 2 (January 25, 2022): 36. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/jas.v10i2.19332.

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The goal in this study was to evaluate the production of sheep and forage silvopastoral systems (SPSs) with cashew trees, compared to the production on grass monoculture. The treatments consisted of three grazing systems: one Massai grass monoculture (Panicum maximum cv Massai) (MONO), and two SPSs: intercrop of Massai grass + cashew tree (Anacardium occidentale) (SM) and intercrop of grass- Massai grass + Estilosantes Campo Grande (Stylosanthes capitata × S. macrocephala) + cashew tree (SME), in a completely randomized split plot design with four replications. The photosynthetically active radiation varied from 45 to 59% in SPSs, the presence of cashew trees created a microenvironment with lower temperatures and higher relative humidity throughout the day. Forage mass in the monoculture and in the SPSs was on average 2,116.65 kg dry matter (DM). ha-1; the participation of the legume in the forage mass was 44%. Greater stocking rate was found in the monoculture, however the gain per area was higher in the SME. In the SPSs, crude protein content of the grass increased by 46.2%, and there was a higher forage intake and weight gain of sheep, mainly in the system with legume. The silvopastoral system with cashew trees, Massai grass, estilosantes and sheep is feasible to optimize land use, with better gain per animal and area in relation to grass monoculture.

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Rodrigues, Rosane Cláudia, Clésio dos Santos Costa, Maciel Costa Teixeira, Bruno Eduardo de Caxias Miranda, Izakiel Reis Marinho, Eduarda Castro da Silva, Kátia Aparecida de Pinho Costa, et al. "Productive characteristics and economic analysis of tropical forage grasses cultivated under different sowing methods in intercropping production systems." Australian Journal of Crop Science, no. 16(07):2022 (July 1, 2022): 933–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.21475/ajcs.22.16.07.p3603.

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This study aimed to evaluate sowing methods of different tropical grasses in integrated production systems on morphogenic and structural characteristics, chemical composition, and corn yield. The experiment was carried out in a completely randomized design, with a 3 x 3 + 1 factorial arrangement, with three forages: andropogon grass (Andropogon gayanus Kunth cv. Planaltina), massai grass (Megathyrsus maximum cv. Massai) and ruziziensis grass (Urochloa ruziziensis), three ways of sowing intercropped with corn (one row, two rows and broadcast) with four replications and corn in monoculture. Soil preparation, corrective practices and monitoring were carried out as recommended by the species. The results revealed that the sowing methods did not interfere with the interaction for morphogenic and structural characteristics of the grasses. Leaf elongation rate (LER) did not differ among grasses and sowing forms for Andropogon, Massai, and Ruziziensis grasses. There was an interaction effect (P<0.05) for leaf production (LP); the massai grass exhibited higher production compared to other grasses. The spread sowing method produced less leaf availability for the massai grass. There was no effect (P>0.05) of interaction for the variables of the chemical composition of grasses. Maize production was not altered due to the different consortia; however, a much lower value was found when producing corn in monoculture. The average production of intercropped corn was 3420 kg and ha-1, against 1680 kg of single cultivated corn. Massai grass and Ruziziensis grass is an attractive alternative for intercropping with corn in integrated systems

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Barbieri Junior, Élio, Roberto Oscar Pereyra Rossiello, Everaldo Zonta, Carlos Alberto Bucher, and Roberta Cristiane Ribeiro. "PRODUÇÃO DE MASSA SECA E TEORES DE CLOROFILAS NO CAPIM TIFTON 85." Nativa 6, no. 4 (July 18, 2018): 428. http://dx.doi.org/10.31413/nativa.v6i4.5080.

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O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o capim Tifton 85, em relação a características produtivas e pelos teores de clorofila obtidos de forma direta e indireta, quando cultivado com nitrogênio na forma mista. Os tratamentos foram compostos de quatro doses de N: zero, 80, 160 e 240 mg kg-1 de solo, de quatro épocas de coleta: 14, 21, 28 e 35 dias após corte (DAC) e quatro repetições. Como fonte de N foi utilizado o nitrato de amônio (NH4NO3). Utilizou-se um delineamento experimental inteiramente casualizado em esquema fatorial 4 x 4 x 4. Os parâmetros avaliados foram: produção de massa seca, relação folha-colmo (F:C), teores de clorofila foliar total extraída (CFT) e de leituras obtidas com um medidor eletrônico de clorofila (ICF - Índice de clorofila). O experimento permitiu compreender como se comportou o desenvolvimento do capim Tifton 85 sob nutrição nitrogenada de fonte mista. O capim respondeu aos tratamentos com aumento da produção de massa seca e da relação F:C, elevação da CFT e de ICF. O acompanhamento da variação dos teores de clorofila, de forma não destrutiva, foi viabilizado com o uso do aparelho clorofilômetro, porém, sob altas doses de N foi identificado consumo de luxo.Palavras-chave: Cynodon spp., nutrição nitrogenada, eficiência assimilatória, consumo de luxo. DRY MASS PRODUCTION AND CHLOROPHYLS IN CV. TIFTON 85 BERMUDA GRASS ABSTRACT:The objective of this study was to evaluate Tifton 85 grass cultivated with nitrogen in the mixed form in relation to the production and chlorophyll content obtained directly and indirectly. The treatments were composed of four doses of N: zero, 80, 160 and 240 mg kg-1 of soil and four sampling dates: 14, 21, 28 and 35 days of regrowth (DAC). Ammonium nitrate (NH4NO3) was used as the source of N. A completely randomized experimental design was used in a factorial scheme 4 x 4 x 4. The parameters evaluated were: dry mass production, leaf leaf ratio (F:C), foliar chlorophyll content total(CFT) and readings obtained with an electronic chlorophyll meter (ICF - Chlorophyll index). The experiment allowed to understand how the development of Tifton 85 grass under nitrogen nutrition of mixed source behaved. The grass responded to treatments with increased dry mass production and the F:C ratio, elevated CFT and ICF. The monitoring of the variation of chlorophyll content, in a non-destructive way, was made possible by the use of the chlorophyllometer apparatus, however, under high doses of N, luxury consumption was identified.Keywords: Cynodon spp., nitrogen nutrition, assimilation efficiency, luxury consumption.

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Sousa, Guto Joaquim de, Emerson Alexandrino, Antônio Clementino dos Santos, and Marcos Vinícius Lima Freitas. "Megathyrsus Maximus cv. Massai submetido a frequências de corte." Semina: Ciências Agrárias 40, no. 5 (July 4, 2019): 1913. http://dx.doi.org/10.5433/1679-0359.2019v40n5p1913.

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We evaluated the growth dynamics and forage production of Massai grass subjected to different cutting frequencies during the rainy season, with the aim to determine the most suitable cutting frequency to increase grass productivity. A randomized block design with four treatments (four cutting frequencies, 24, 32, 48, and 96 days) was used. The morphological characteristics were evaluated weekly in seven random tillers. Leaf appearance rate, phyllochron value, foliar elongation rate, leaf senescence rate, and stem elongation rate were influenced (p < 0.05) by the cutting frequency, while no effect was found for leaf life span. The number of live leaves per tiller, mean length of leaf blades, population density of tillers (DPP), and sheath length were influenced by the cutting frequency, along with plant height, dry mass of harvested leaf blade, dry mass of harvested stem, dry mass of harvested dead material, and leaf/stem ratio, while there was no effect on dry mass of forage harvested. The rates of leaf blade accumulation, stem accumulation, forage loss, and forage production were not affected by cutting frequency. A cutting frequency of 24 days resulted in the highest productivity values of Massai grass during the rainy season.

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Fitroh Resmi, Settings Aris Alfan, and Slamet Ifandi. "KENDALI OPTIMAL PERTUMBUHAN POPULASI ECENG GONDOK DENGAN IKAN GRASS CRAP DAN PEMANENAN." Jurnal Matematika, Sains, Dan Teknologi 20, no. 2 (November 25, 2019): 132–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.33830/jmst.v20i2.204.2019.

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Water hyacinth is a wild aquatic plant that grows quickly. The growth of water hyacinth need to be controled to prevent the flood and not to disturb paddy irrigation channels. Grass carp as herbivorous fish is used as natural predator to reduce the population of water hyacinth. The interaction between water hyacinth and grass carp is modeled using the prey-predator system. In this model there are harvest factors and predation factors using Holling type III. The optimal control problem is applied to minimize the mass of water hyacinth and harvest efforts of water hyacinth and maximize the mass of grass carp. The solution uses the Pontryagin Principle. The result is the harvesting of water hyacinth and the grass carp can minimize the water hyacinth biomass at the end of time. Eceng gondok merupakan tanaman liar di perairan yang tumbuh dengan cepat. Pertumbuhannya perlu dikendalikan agar tidak menyebabkan banjir dan tidak mengganggu saluran irigasi persawahan. Ikan grass carp sebagai ikan herbivora digunakan sebagai predator alami untuk mengurangi populasi eceng gondok. Hubungan antara eceng gondok dan ikan grass carp dimodelkan dengan menggunakan sistem prey-predator. Pada model ini terdapat faktor pemanenan dan faktor predasi menggunakan Holling tipe III. Masalah kendali optimal diterapkan dengan tujuan untuk meminimumkan massa eceng gondok dan usaha pemanenan eceng gondok serta memaksimumkan massa ikan grass carp. Penyelesaiannya menggunakan Prinsip Pontryagin. Hasilnya dengan adanya usaha pemanenan eceng gondok dan pengadaan ikan grass carp dapat meminimumkan biomassa eceng gondok di waktu akhir.

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Neves Lopes, Marcos. "Yield and chemical composition of massai grass fertilized with nitrogen." International Journal of Agriculture and Natural Resources 47, no. 2 (August 2020): 69–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.7764/ijanr.v47i2.2068.

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Cardoso, Sandro, Edimilson Volpe, and Manuel Claudio Motta Macedo. "Effect of nitrogen and lime on Massai grass subjected to intensive cutting." Pesquisa Agropecuária Tropical 46, no. 1 (March 2016): 19–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1983-40632016v4638132.

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ABSTRACT Soil acidity and lack of nitrogen fertilization limit the yield of forage grasses. This study aimed at evaluating the effects of lime (0 kg ha-1; 2,000 kg ha-1; 4,000 kg ha-1; and 8,000 kg ha-1) and nitrogen (0 kg ha-1, 20 kg ha-1, 40 kg ha-1, 80 kg ha-1 and 160 kg ha-1) doses on forage accumulation, soil chemical properties and macronutrient concentrations in leaf blades of Massai grass (Panicum maximum cv. Massai). A randomized blocks design in a 4 x 5 factorial scheme, with four replications, was used. Lime and nitrogen doses positively affected the accumulation of green dry mass in the Massai grass as well as the base saturation in the soil. The maximum yield was obtained at nitrogen doses close to 587 kg ha-1 year-1 for nitrogen and 5,796 kg ha-1 for lime, which produced the greatest accumulation of green dry mass (15,267 kg ha-1 year-1) in the first year of assessment. The demand for lime increased from the first to the second year. Lime increased the base saturation, whereas nitrogen reduced it. The nitrogen applied to the soil raised the nitrogen, magnesium and calcium contents (g kg-1) in the leaf blades of Massai grass. Thus, Massai grass reacted positively to nitrogen and lime doses, with significant effects on the accumulation of green dry mass and soil characteristics assessed.

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Lopes, Marcos Neves, Roberto Cláudio Fernandes Franco Pompeu, Magno José Duarte Cândido, Claudivan Feitosa de Lacerda, Rodrigo Gregório da Silva, and Francisco Ronaldo Belem Fernandes. "Growth index in massai grass under different levels of nitrogen fertilization." Revista Brasileira de Zootecnia 40, no. 12 (December 2011): 2666–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1516-35982011001200008.

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CARLOS SILVA CRUZ, SIMÉRIO, GUILHERME FILGUEIRAS SOARES, TIAGO CAMILO DUARTE, DARLY GERALDO DE SENA JUNIOR, and CARLA GOMES MACHADO. "NITROGEN SIDEDRESS ON SILAGE MAIZE INTERCROPPED WITH MARANDU GRASS." Revista Brasileira de Milho e Sorgo 15, no. 3 (December 11, 2016): 490. http://dx.doi.org/10.18512/1980-6477/rbms.v15n3p490-498.

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ABSTRACT - The method used for the establishment of an intercropping system may interfere in the optimal timing of nitrogen sidedress fertilization on maize for silage. Due to this, the aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of nitrogen sidedress timing on the development and yield of silage maize and Marandu grass grown under irrigation in an intercropping. A split plot randomized blocks design with four replications was used. The plots corresponded to the nitrogen sidedress timing on silage maize (0, 15, 30, 45 and 60 days after sowing, corresponding to the phenological stages V3, V5, V7 and R1, respectively). The subplots consisted of two consortium establishment methods, Marandu Grass simultaneously sowed with the maize crop and 30 days after. The simultaneous sowing of silage maize and Marandu grass intercropped, and irrigated favors the grass development and dry mass yield, reducing the yield of maize ear green mass and maize total dry mass. The nitrogen fertilization after corn sowing reduced maize silage yield and favored the forage production of the intercropped Marandu grass.Keywords: Zea mays; Urochloa brizantha cv. Marandu; interspecific competition; integration crop-livestock.ADUBAÇÃO NITROGENADA DE COBERTURA PARA O MILHO SILAGEM CULTIVADO EM CONSÓRCIO COM CAPIM MARANDURESUMO - O método de introdução da forrageira no sistema de consórcio pode interferir no momento ideal para a realização da adubação nitrogenada em cobertura na cultura do milho silagem. Em função disto, objetivou-se avaliar os efeitos de diferentes épocas de adubação nitrogenada em cobertura no desenvolvimento e produtividade da cultura do milho silagem e do Capim Marandu, cultivados em consórcio sob irrigação. Utilizou-se delineamento experimental de blocos ao acaso em parcelas subdivididas, com quatro repetições. As parcelas corresponderam à época de adubação nitrogenada em cobertura no milho silagem (0, 15, 30, 45 e 60 dias após semeadura do milho, equivalendo à semeadura, V3, V5, V7 e R1, respectivamente). Nas subparcela, foram testados dois métodos de implantação do consórcio: Capim Marandu semeado simultaneamente à cultura do milho e 30 dias após. A semeadura simultânea do milho silagem e do Capim Marandu, em sistema de consórcio, favoreceu o desenvolvimento e a produção de massa seca do capim, reduzindo a produtividade de massa verde de espigas de milho e massa seca total de plantas. A adubação nitrogenada de cobertura realizada após a semeadura prejudicou a produção de milho silagem e beneficiou o desenvolvimento do capim Marandu cultivado em consórcio.Palavras-chave: Zea mays; Urochloa brizantha cv. Maradu; competição interespecífica; integração lavoura-pecuária.

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CARLOS SILVA CRUZ, SIMÉRIO, GUILHERME FILGUEIRAS SOARES, TIAGO CAMILO DUARTE, DARLY GERALDO DE SENA JUNIOR, and CARLA GOMES MACHADO. "NITROGEN SIDEDRESS ON SILAGE MAIZE INTERCROPPED WITH MARANDU GRASS." Revista Brasileira de Milho e Sorgo 15, no. 3 (October 3, 2017): 490. http://dx.doi.org/10.18512/rbms.v15i3.595.

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ABSTRACT - The method used for the establishment of an intercropping system may interfere in the optimal timingof nitrogen sidedress fertilization on maize for silage. Due to this, the aim of this study was to evaluate the effects ofnitrogen sidedress timing on the development and yield of silage maize and Marandu grass grown under irrigation inan intercropping. A split plot randomized blocks design with four replications was used. The plots corresponded to thenitrogen sidedress timing on silage maize (0, 15, 30, 45 and 60 days after sowing, corresponding to the phenologicalstages V3, V5, V7 and R1, respectively). The subplots consisted of two consortium establishment methods, MaranduGrass simultaneously sowed with the maize crop and 30 days after. The simultaneous sowing of silage maize andMarandu grass intercropped, and irrigated favors the grass development and dry mass yield, reducing the yield ofmaize ear green mass and maize total dry mass. The nitrogen fertilization after corn sowing reduced maize silage yieldand favored the forage production of the intercropped Marandu grass.Keywords: Zea mays; Urochloa brizantha cv. Marandu; interspecific competition; integration crop-livestock.ADUBAÇÃO NITROGENADA DE COBERTURA PARA O MILHO SILAGEM CULTIVADO EM CONSÓRCIO COM CAPIM MARANDURESUMO - O método de introdução da forrageira no sistema de consórcio pode interferir no momento ideal para arealização da adubação nitrogenada em cobertura na cultura do milho silagem. Em função disto, objetivou-se avaliaros efeitos de diferentes épocas de adubação nitrogenada em cobertura no desenvolvimento e produtividade da culturado milho silagem e do Capim Marandu, cultivados em consórcio sob irrigação. Utilizou-se delineamento experimentalde blocos ao acaso em parcelas subdivididas, com quatro repetições. As parcelas corresponderam à época de adubaçãonitrogenada em cobertura no milho silagem (0, 15, 30, 45 e 60 dias após semeadura do milho, equivalendo à semeadura,V3, V5, V7 e R1, respectivamente). Nas subparcela, foram testados dois métodos de implantação do consórcio: CapimMarandu semeado simultaneamente à cultura do milho e 30 dias após. A semeadura simultânea do milho silagem edo Capim Marandu, em sistema de consórcio, favoreceu o desenvolvimento e a produção de massa seca do capim,reduzindo a produtividade de massa verde de espigas de milho e massa seca total de plantas. A adubação nitrogenadade cobertura realizada após a semeadura prejudicou a produção de milho silagem e beneficiou o desenvolvimento docapim Marandu cultivado em consórcio.Palavras-chave: Zea mays; Urochloa brizantha cv. Maradu; competição interespecífica; integração lavoura-pecuária.

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Costa, Clésio Dos Santos, Rosane Cláudia Rodrigues, Ricardo Alves de Araújo, Magno José Duarte Cândido, Francisco Naysson De Sousa Santos, Marcônio Martins Rodrigues, Francivaldo Oliveira Costa, Ivone Rodrigues da Silva, Arnaud Azevêdo Alves, and Noilson Monteles de Lima. "Agronomic and nutritional characteristics of Massai grass subjected to deferred grazing and nitrogen fertilization." Semina: Ciências Agrárias 38, no. 3 (June 13, 2017): 1617. http://dx.doi.org/10.5433/1679-0359.2017v38n3p1607.

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This study aimed to evaluate the agronomic characteristics and nutritional value of Massai grass (Megathyrsus maximus ‘Massai’) pastures fertilized with different nitrogen levels and subjected to deferred grazing. A completely randomized experimental design (CRD) was adopted, with including five nitrogen levels (zero, 100, 200, 300, and 400 kg ha?1), and five replications (plots). The degradability trial used a CRD including a 6 × 5 factorial arrangement, consisting of six rumen-incubation times (6, 24, 48, 60, 84, and 96 h) and five levels of nitrogen in different plots. One fistulated sheep, with a live weight of 60 kg, was used in the experiment. Total herbage biomass, dead herbage biomass, and height showed a quadratic response to nitrogen fertilization levels of 100 to 200 kg ha-1 resulted in greater tillering. Protein and dry matter content increased linearly with nitrogen fertilization level, leading to increase in fibrous components. The increase in NDF and ADF contents might be a consequence of the reduction in NCE, and the high flowering rate of the grass, owing likely to the reduction in metabolism of the grass in an attempt to extend its lifetime. Nitrogen levels of 300 kg ha?1 or higher affected the productive characteristics positively, whereas the chemical characteristics were negatively affected.

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Oliveira, Ronaldo Lopes, Ossival Lolato Ribeiro, Adriana Regina Bagaldo, Máikal Sousa Borja, Bráulio Rocha Correia, Luciano Dos Santos Lima, Henry Daniel Ruiz Alba, Vagner Maximino Leite, and Leilson Rocha Bezerra. "Nutritional composition and fermentative characteristics of Massai grass silage added with licuri (Syagrus coronata) cake." Semina: Ciências Agrárias 39, no. 3 (May 4, 2018): 1189. http://dx.doi.org/10.5433/1679-0359.2018v39n3p1189.

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This study evaluated the best level of inclusion of licuri cake (Syagrus coronata) in massai grass (Megathyrsus maximus) silage by chemical composition and fermentation quality of the silage. The experiment was conducted at Experimental Farm of the School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science of Federal University of Bahia. The treatments were composed by massai grass cut at 40 days, chopped and added at levels 0, 80, 160 and 240 g kg DM-1 of licuri cake. After mixing, the material was compressed in experimental silos, which were opened after 76 days. The experimental design was completely randomized, with four treatments and four replications. Data were analyzed by analysis of variance and regression. The addition of licuri cake improve linear increase (P < 0.01) in the contents of dry matter, crude protein, ether extract, total digestible nutrients, pH, NH3-N, dry matter intake, digestible dry matter and forage value index in massai grass silage There was a linear reduction in the contents of ash, neutral detergent fiber, acid detergent fiber, hemicellulose and cellulose (P < 0.01). There were no differences on contents non-fibrous carbohydrates (P = 0.356) and acid detergent lignin (P = 0.432). It is recommended the inclusion of licuri cake at level of 240 g kg DM-1 in massai silage, because provided the greatest chemical composition, dry matter intake, digestible dry matter and forage value index.

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Ramírez Peñuela, Bibiana Alejandra, William Hernando Salamanca, Mayra Angélica Hernández Peñuela, and Edwin Gerlein Duarte. "Masas retroperitoneales gigantes: informe de caso." Medicina 44, no. 2 (July 22, 2022): 270–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.56050/01205498.1685.

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Los tumores retroperitoneales primarios son tumores benignos o malignos, sólidos o quísticos; se consideran una patología infrecuente a nivel mundial, sobre todo en Latinoamérica donde existe poca evidencia científica, con un espectro clínico variado e inespecífico. Estos sarcomas de partes blandas implican <1 % de todos los tumores, siendo el liposarcoma un 20 % de los sarcomas del adulto, de los cuales una tercera parte se forman en el retroperitoneo. Los liposarcomas representan para el cirujano un reto diagnóstico, terapéutico, diverso e interesante. La incidencia anual en Estados Unidos se encuentra cerca de 2,6 x 1.000.000. Por su profunda localización y crecimiento lento, su cuadro clínico es proteiforme y su diagnóstico difícil. Caso clínico: El objetivo de este estudio es presentar un caso de tumor retroperitoneal de gran tamaño, analizando clínica de presentación, pruebas diagnósticas utilizadas, anatomía patológica tumoral, datos quirúrgicos y posibles tratamientos oncológicos y quirúrgicos complementarios. Resultados: Posterior a la cirugía se encuentra masa tumoral vascularizada de apariencia grasa de 40 x 30 cm de diámetro y 7,6 kg de peso. Conclusión: Se hará un aporte al conocimiento que facilite la evaluación al enfrentar casos similares. Los liposarcomas son los tumores de tejido blando más frecuentes en los adultos; por su crecimiento lento, poca sintomatología, tipo histológico y ubicación, se considera todo un reto diagnóstico y de tratamiento.

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COSTA, Newton de Lucena, Valdinei Tadeu PAULINO, João Avelar MAGALHÃES, Braz Henrique Nunes RODRIGUES, and Francisco José de Seixas SANTOS. "NITROGEN USE EFFICIENCY, FORAGE YIELD AND MORPHOGENESIS OF MASSAI GRASS UNDER FERTILIZATION." Nucleus 13, no. 2 (October 30, 2016): 173–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.3738/1982.2278.1695.

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Lopes, M. N., M. J. D. Cândido, R. C. F. F. Pompeu, R. G. Silva, M. S. S. Carneiro, L. B. Morais Neto, M. J. A. Peixoto, and T. C. F. Carvalho. "Biomass components and structure of massai grass fertilized with nitrogen and grazed by sheep." Arquivo Brasileiro de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia 71, no. 4 (August 2019): 1411–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1678-4162-10051.

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ABSTRACT To evaluate the biomass components of massai grass subjected to nitrogen (N) fertilization levels (control - 0; 400; 800 and 1200 kg ha-1 year-1 of N) and under rotational stocking with sheep, this study was undertaken using a completely randomized design with measurements repeated in time. A quadratic response was observed reaching maximum values as the levels of nitrogen fertilization increased for green forage biomass, green leaf biomass, green stem biomass (5,172.9; 4,146.3; 1,033.9 kg ha-1 cycle-1, respectively), forage total density (179.1 kg ha-1 cm-1), canopy height (36.8 cm) and live material/dead material ratio (4.0) at levels 896; 934; 797; 879.2; 751.4 and 1,161 kg ha-1 year-1 of N, respectively. For all variables, oscillation was observed between the grazing cycles studied. Nitrogen fertilization has a positive response on the biomass components and canopy structure of massai grass.

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Cardoso, Rebeca Rocha, Luciano Fernandes Sousa, Ana Cristina Holanda Ferreira, José Neuman Miranda Neiva, Deborah Alves Ferreira, André Guimarães Maciel e. Silva, Elcivan Bento da Nóbrega, and Thais Valéria Souza Silva. "Short-term evaluation of Massai grass forage yield and agronomic characteristics and sheep performance under rotational grazing with different pre-grazing canopy heights." Semina: Ciências Agrárias 40, no. 3 (May 21, 2019): 1339. http://dx.doi.org/10.5433/1679-0359.2019v40n3p1339.

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This study aimed to evaluate the morphogenic, structural, chemical characteristics, and forage yield of Massai grass, as well as the performance of sheep under three pre-grazing canopy heights. Eighteen Dorper x crossbred sheep (12 males and 6 females) were subjected to three pre-grazing canopy heights of Massai grass (45, 35, and 25 cm). Rotational grazing was adopted, with a fixed rest period of 12 days and occupation of four days. Before placing animals in the paddock, stocking rate was estimated to ensure a reduction of about 50% in the initial height. Morphogenic and chemical characteristics of forage were evaluated, as well as animal intake and performance. Pasture managed at 25 cm height induced reductions in stem and sheath sizes, and phyllochron but an increased leaf: stem ratio. However, the pasture cut at 35 cm above ground promoted an increase in total dry mass and foliar leaf productions, in addition to greater forage availability and daily accumulation. Yet, pastures with a height of 45 cm had a higher percentage of stem and senescent material, decreasing leaf intake by animals. Among the studied heights, 35 cm is the most suitable for Massai grass, when used for rearing sheep for meat production under pasture conditions in the northern Tocantins. This is because this management provided a greater availability of good quality forage and thereby increasing weight gains per area in animals.

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Silva, Thais Valéria Souza, Luciano Fernandes Sousa, Antônio Clementino dos Santos, Ana Cristina Holanda Ferreira, Rebeca Rocha Cardoso, Jhone Tallison Lira de Sousa, Wanderson Campos Jardim, Anderson Da Silva Ricardo, Josimar Santos de Almeida, and Junior Bezerra de Carvalho. "Nutritional quality of massai grass fertilized with phosphorus and nitrogen and its influence on intake and weight gain of sheep under rotational grazing on quartzipsamment soil." Semina: Ciências Agrárias 38, no. 3 (June 13, 2017): 1427. http://dx.doi.org/10.5433/1679-0359.2017v38n3p1417.

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The effects of phosphate and nitrogen fertilization on aspects of forage composition and ruminal fermentation were separately evaluated pre- and post-grazing, in addition to the dry matter intake and weight gain of sheep grazing Panicum maximum cv. Massai under a rotational system on Quartzipsamment soil. The aim was to evaluate the effect of fertilization with different levels of phosphorous (50 and 200 kg P2O5/ha) and nitrogen (100 and 400 kg N/ha) compared to unfertilized control soil. The experiment was conducted at the School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science at Universidade Federal do Tocantins – UFT, in a randomized complete block design with four replicates in a factorial 2 × 2 design. The study area consisted of 32 paddocks (301 m²), each of which had previously been sown with Panicum maximum cv. Massai. The experimental area was managed under intermittent stocking with a variable stocking rate. Twenty-eight crossbreed sheep were used for grazing management. Evaluations were made before and after grazing, including forage evaluation and measurement of ruminal degradability and intake (using titanium dioxide as the external marker). Regarding the forage composition, a significant difference (P < 0.05) was observed between the control and fertilizer treatments for neutral detergent fiber (NDF), acid detergent fiber, crude protein, lignin and phosphorous content. Fertilization was found to alter the nutritional quality of Panicum maximum cv. Massai grass. Among the nutritional aspects evaluated, fertilization influenced NDF, grass digestibility and dry matter intake. The forage composition of Massai grass is improved by fertilization with nitrogen at 100 kg N/ha and phosphate up to 50 kg P2O5/ha, which represents a relevant management practice for increasing quantity and quality.

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Salles, Hévila Oliveira, Ana Carolina Linhares Braga, Danisvânia Ripardo Nascimento, Mayara Stephanny Melo Prado, Henrique Antunes de Souza, Eduardo Luiz de Oliveira, Luiz da Silva Vieira, et al. "Crop residues activity against the free-living stages of small ruminant nematodes." Revista Brasileira de Parasitologia Veterinária 28, no. 3 (July 2019): 528–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1984-29612019024.

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Abstract The nematicidal effect of different organic materials was evaluated in order to develop a non-chemical alternative soil treatment for control of the free-living stages of small ruminant gastrointestinal nematodes. The selected organic materials were residues from the juice industry of acerola, cashew, grape, guava, papaya and pineapple, as well as castor residue from the biodiesel industry. LC90 results showed that pineapple residue was the most efficient inhibitor of larval development, followed by castor, grape, cashew, acerola, guava and papaya. Castor residue was also a good source of nitrogen and was used in a greenhouse experiment to prevent larval development in contaminated goat faeces that was deposited in pots containing the grasses Brachiaria brizantha (var. Paiaguás) or Megathyrsus maximus x M. infestum (var. Massai). Castor residue caused a significant (P < 0.05) reduction (85.04%) in Paiaguás grass contamination (L3.dry mass-1) and a reduction of 17.35% in Massai grass contamination (P > 0.05), with an increase in the biomass production of Massai (251.43%, P < 0.05) and Paiaguás (109.19%, P > 0.05) grasses. This strategy, called Econemat®, with good results in vitro shows to be promising on pasture increasing phytomass production.

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dos Santos, Marcos V. C., Priscilla T. Nascimento, Maria L. Simeone, Patrick F. Lima, Rosangela M. Simeão, Alexander Auad, Ivênio Oliveira, and Simone Mendes. "Performance of Fall Armyworm Preimaginal Development on Cultivars of Tropical Grass Forages." Insects 13, no. 12 (December 10, 2022): 1139. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/insects13121139.

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Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) is a polyphagous pest species capable of feeding on almost all forage and grain crops, although the food quality for the larvae likely varies among plant species and cultivars. The cultivation of grass forage species with grains has increasingly been adopted in Brazil, within both no-tillage and crop–livestock integration systems. In this study, we evaluated the performance of S. frugiperda larvae on 14 forage cultivars of Brachiaria, Panicum, and Cynodon, which are widely used in integrated cropping systems in Brazil. The biological performance of S. frugiperda varied among the cultivars. The larval survival rates were lower on Panicum maximum ‘Massai’ and P. maximum ‘Tamani’ cultivars. The insects had the highest performance indexes on Brachiaria brizantha ‘Paiaguás’, B. brizantha ‘Marandu’, and B. brizantha ‘Xaraés’ cultivars, followed by Brachiaria ruziziensis, previously proposed as a standard grass forage for comparisons with other species. On P. maximum, the insect had the lowest performance indexes, with values equal to zero when feeding on the P. maximum ‘Massai’ and ‘Tamani’ cultivars. These results will help make management decisions when cultivating grass forage plants in crop production systems in which S. frugiperda infestation is of concern.

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Rodrigues, Marcônio Martins, Maria Elizabete Oliveira, Tânia Maria Leal, Raniel Lustosa Moura, Daniel Louçana da Costa Araújo, Maurílio Sousa dos Santos, Francelino Neiva Rodrigues, and Viviany Sousa Rodrigues. "Forage intake processes by goats on a massai grass pasture with different sward heights." Semina: Ciências Agrárias 37, no. 6 (December 14, 2016): 4339. http://dx.doi.org/10.5433/1679-0359.2016v37n6p4339.

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The objective of this study was to evaluate the forage-intake process of goats feeding on Massai grass pastures with different heights (40, 50, 60, and 70 cm). The experimental design was completely randomized, with treatments corresponding to four sward heights with two replicates over time and space. Collected data were related to the forage-intake process and the chemical and morphological composition of the pasture. Grazing trials (45 min) were performed with four Anglo-Nubian crossbred goats. Total forage mass intake, bite mass, and intake rate were expressed in relation to animal weight. Pasture density, forage mass, and leaf blade increased as forage height increased. The chemical composition of forage at the evaluated heights was similar, except for reduced crude protein content at 70-cm height. Bite rate, intake rate, and time per bite had a quadratic relationship with increasing sward height. The greatest intake rate was observed at 54.7 cm of height, with 0.136 g DM min-1 kg-1 LW. Bite rate exhibited a linear and positive correlation with increase in intake. At the 50-cm height, goats harvested a mass of 3.65 g DM bite-1 kg-1 LW, when they performed 34.5 bites per minute. Adult goats had a greater forage intake on 50-cm high Massai grass pastures because they could obtain a greater bite mass in a shorter time per bite.

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Lopes, Marcos Neves, Magno José Duarte Cândido, Roberto Cláudio Fernandes Franco Pompeu, Rodrigo Gregório da Silva, José Wellington Batista Lopes, and Francisco Marcus Lima Bezerra. "Biomass components in Massai grass during establishment and regrowth under five nitrogen fertilization levels." Revista Brasileira de Zootecnia 40, no. 8 (August 2011): 1629–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1516-35982011000800002.

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Lopes, Marcos Neves, Claudivan Feitosa de Lacerda, Magno José Duarte Cândido, Roberto Cláudio Fernandes Franco Pompeu, Rodrigo Gregório da Silva, José Wellington Batista Lopes, Francisco Ronaldo Belém Fernandes, and Francisco Marcus Lima Bezerra. "Gas exchange in massai grass under five nitrogen fertilization levels during establishment and regrowth." Revista Brasileira de Zootecnia 40, no. 9 (September 2011): 1862–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1516-35982011000900004.

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Lopes, Marcos Neves, Magno José Duarte Cândido, Roberto Cláudio Fernandes Franco Pompeu, Rodrigo Gregório da Silva, Thaíse Cristine Ferreira de Carvalho, Weberte Alan Sombra, Luiz Barreto de Morais Neto, and Márcio José Alves Peixoto. "Biomass flow in massai grass fertilized with nitrogen under intermittent stocking grazing with sheep." Revista Brasileira de Zootecnia 42, no. 1 (January 2013): 13–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1516-35982013000100003.

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Fernandes, Leonardo Santana, Gelson dos Santos Difante, Denise Baptaglin Montagner, João Virgínio Emerenciano Neto, Itânia Maria Medeiros de Araújo, and Nathália Rafaela Fidelis Campos. "Structure of massai grass pasture grazed on by sheep supplemented in the dry season." Grassland Science 63, no. 3 (April 21, 2017): 177–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/grs.12165.

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Silva, Aline Barros da, Carlos Augusto Brandão de Carvalho, Danilo Antonio Morenz, Pedro Henrique Ferreira da Silva, Alex Junio dos Santos, and Fábio Costa dos Santos. "Agricultural answers and chemical composition of Massai grass under different nitrogen doses and urea sources." Semina: Ciências Agrárias 39, no. 3 (May 4, 2018): 1225. http://dx.doi.org/10.5433/1679-0359.2018v39n3p1225.

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Under the hypothesis that modifying nitrogen sources and doses could increase nitrogen fertilization efficiency and productivity and improve forage quality, this study aimed to evaluate the morphological composition, structural characteristics and chemical composition of Panicum maximum cv. Massai forage cultivated under different urea sources (common and coated with Policote®) and nitrogen doses (200, 400 and 600 kg ha-1 year-1) during the autumn, winter and spring of 2014 and the summer and autumn of 2015. The experiment was carried out in Seropédica, RJ, under a randomized complete block design in a factorial arrangement (3x2) + 1 with four replications. High nitrogen rates promoted higher percentages of leaf blade dry mass and lower percentages of dead material dry mass in the forage mass and provided higher tiller population density and forage accumulation rate of Massai grass during the studied seasons. The use of coated urea promoted higher levels of crude protein in the forage than did the use of common urea in all seasons. The intensification of nitrogen fertilization reduced the nitrogen use efficiency but benefitted the structural characteristics, forage accumulation and chemical composition of Massai grass forage. The use of coated urea promoted greater of nitrogen use efficiency during all seasons of the year.

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SILVA, ANA PAULA, MARILUCE PASCOINA NEPOMUCENO, ANDREISA FLORES BRAGA, and PEDRO LUÍS DA COSTA AGUIAR ALVES. "PERÍODOS DE DESSECAÇÃO DO CAPIM RUZIZIENSIS E SEUS EFEITOS NO DESENVOLVIMENTO E PRODUTIVIDADE DO MILHO." Revista Brasileira de Milho e Sorgo 17, no. 3 (December 21, 2018): 400. http://dx.doi.org/10.18512/1980-6477/rbms.v17n3p400-407.

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RESUMO – Considerando que há relatos de possível intoxicação de milho por causa da dessecação de capim braquiária, o objetivo deste estudo foi determinar o melhor período para semear o milho ‘Yield Gard DKB 390 YC’ após a dessecação da cobertura. O delineamento experimental foi inteiramente casualizado, com quatro repetições. Os tratamentos consistiram em seis períodos de dessecação do capim ruziziensis (25, 20, 15, 10, 05 e 0 dias antes da semeadura do milho) e uma testemunha sem cobertura. As dessecações foram feitas em pleno florescimento do capim ruziziensis com glyphosate a 1,44 kg ha-1. Foram avaliadas as plantas de milho aos 30 e 50 dias após a semeadura (DAS) quanto à altura, área foliar, massa seca de folhas e caule. Aos 150 DAS, foi avaliada a altura de plantas e a inserção da espiga, diâmetro e comprimento da espiga, massa de 100 grãos e produtividade de grãos. A dessecação do capim ruziziensis no mesmo dia da semeadura do milho reduziu a altura das plantas, a altura de inserção da espiga, o diâmetro da espiga e a produtividade de grãos. A melhor época para a semeadura do milho ‘Yield Gard DKB 390 YC’ após a dessecação de capim ruziziensis com glyphosate foi aos 25 dias após a dessecação.Palavras-chaves: Brachiaria ruziziensis, Urochloa ruziziensis, cobertura vegetal, plantio direto, glyphosate. EFFECTS OF DESICCATION PERIODS OF RUZIZIENSIS GRASS ON GROWTH AND YIELD OF MAIZE ABSTRACT - Considering the possible occurrence of maize intoxication due to the desiccation of ruziziensis grass, the objective of this study was to evaluate the best period for sowing ‘Yield Gard DKB 390 YC’ in the no-tillage system. The experimental design was completely randomized with four replications. The treatments consisted of six periods of desiccation of ruziziensis grass (25, 20, 15, 10, 05 and 0 days before sowing maize) and one control without cover. The desiccations were done at full bloom of the ruziziensis grass with glyphosate at 1.44 kg ha-1. The maize plants were evaluated at 30 and 50 days after sowing (DAS) for height, leaf area, leaf and stem dry biomass. At 150 DAS, plant height and cob insertion, cob diameter and length, 100 grain mass and yield were evaluated. The desiccation of ruziziensis grass in the same day of maize sowing caused reduction in plant height, cob insertion height, cob diameter and yield. The best time for sowing ‘Yield Gard DKB 390 YC’ was 25 days after desiccation of ruziziensis grass with glyphosate.Keywords: Brachiaria ruziziensis, Urochloa ruziziensis, cover crop, no-tillage, glyphosate.

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Silva, Aline Barros da, Carlos Augusto Brandão Carvalho, Camila De Almeida Pires, João Carlos De Carvalho Almeida, and Delci De Deus Nepomuceno. "Effects of nitrogen dosage and urea source on morphological composition and forage accumulation in massai grass." Semina: Ciências Agrárias 39, no. 4 (August 2, 2018): 1407. http://dx.doi.org/10.5433/1679-0359.2018v39n4p1407.

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The effects of nitrogen (N) dose and urea source on forage mass (FM), percentage of dry matter of leaf blades (LBDMP), stem (SDMP), and dead material (DMDMP), and the forage accumulation rate (FAR) of Panicum maximum ‘Massai’ (massai grass) were evaluated. We set up an experiment with a completely randomized block design in a factorial arrangement (3×2) + 1, consisting of three doses (100, 200, and 400 kg ha–1 year–1), two urea sources (common and coated with Policote®), and a control treatment, in five consecutive climatic seasons, including the summers of 2011/2012 (summer I), autumn, winter, and spring of 2012, and the summers of 2012/2013 (summer II). We found an interaction effect between N dose, urea source, and season (p < 0.05). LBDMP linearly increased during dry periods (autumn and winter) and SDMP in autumn and DMDMP in winter linearly decreased when coated urea were used. FAR showed a linear increase with the use of both urea sources, except for common urea in autumn, and the increases in the winter were owing to a greater contribution of leaf blades to FM. The use of coated urea for N fertilization linearly increases FAR in all seasons of the year and improves the morphological composition of the forage of massai grass, mainly in dry seasons.

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Ramos, Bárbara Louise Pacheco, Márcio dos Santos Pedreira, Hugo Pereira Santos, Natan Teles Cruz, Estela Pezenti, Abias Santos Silva, Jaciara Diavão, Mirton José Frota Morenz, Brendow Sampaio Lima Pitta, and Daniela Deitos Fries. "Forage production, morphogenetic and structural components, and nutritional value of tropical grasses in the semiarid condition." Semina: Ciências Agrárias 43, no. 6 (December 12, 2022): 2499–516. http://dx.doi.org/10.5433/1679-0359.2022v43n6p2499.

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The objective of this study was to evaluate the forage mass, morphogenetic and structural characteristics, and nutritional value of tropical forage grasses in semiarid conditions. Nine grasses were evaluated, namely, three cultivars of Urochloa brizantha (Marandu, MG4, and Piatã); Urochloa decumbens cv. Basilisk; Urochloa humidicola cv. Llanero; Urochloa ruziziensis cv. Kennedy; and three cultivars of Megathyrsus maximum (Massai, Mombaça, and Tanzania). The experiment was laid out in a randomized complete block design in a split-plot arrangement in which the main factor were the grass cultivars and the secondary factor the seasons, with five replications per treatment. The statistical model included the fixed effect of treatment (grass), whereas the season was included as a random effect within treatments. Urochloa brizantha cvs. Marandu, MG4, and Piatã and Urochloa decumbens cv. Basilisk produced on average 858 kg ha-1 more forage mass than cvs. Kennedy and Basilisk. Megathyrsus maximum cv. Mombaça produced 40% more forage mass than the other cultivars of M. maximum (4205 vs. 3001 kg ha-1). Urochloa ruziziensis cv. Kennedy showed the lowest water use efficiency (36%). Urochloa ruziziensis cv. Kennedy exhibited the lowest leaf weight among the Urochloa cultivars (740 vs. 1319 kg ha-1). There was no treatment effect for leaf weight in the M. maximum cultivars. Urochloa ruziziensis cv. Kennedy showed the highest values of total digestible nutrients and dry matter digestibility (1.84 and 2.34%, respectively) among the other Urochloa cultivars. The M. maximum cultivars showed little differences in nutritional values. Cultivars Marandu, Piatã, and Massai exhibited better productive responses in the edaphoclimatic conditions of this study. However, future studies must be conducted evaluating the adaptation of the forage grass under semiarid conditions. Considering the settings of this study, the grasses Urochloa brizantha cvs. MG4, Marandu, and Piatã, as well as Megathyrsus maximum cvs. Massai and Mombaça, can be used in the semiarid condition.

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Rodrigues, Carlindo Santos, Domicio do Nascimento Júnior, Sila Carneiro da Silva, Márcia Cristina Teixeira da Silveira, Braulio Maia de Lana Sousa, and Edenio Detmann. "Characterization of tropical forage grass development pattern through the morphogenetic and structural characteristics." Revista Brasileira de Zootecnia 40, no. 3 (March 2011): 527–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1516-35982011000300009.

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An experiment was carried out with the objective to evaluate growth pattern of tropical forage grass under free growth by using morphogenetic and structural characteristics with the expectation of using this study for forage grass evaluation protocol. The experimental area was established with two cultivars of Panicum maximum Jacq. (Mombaca and Aruana), a hybrid cultivar of P. maximum Jacq. and P. Infestum BRA-7102 (Massai), two cultivars of Brachiaria brizantha (A. Rich.) Stapf (Marandu and Xaraes) and Molasses grass (Melinis minutiflora Beauv.) and jaragua grass (Hyparrhenia rufa (Nees) Stapf.). The grasses were planted in 1.0-m² experimental units with 24 plants arranged in a completely randomized block design with three replications. Growth pattern of the grasses was evaluated through mass development, tiller mortality, development stage and leaf longevity. Development patterns differed significantly among groups of grasses, indicating that the same available resources can be used in different manners by grasses from the same genus and/or species.

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ARF, ORIVALDO, FLÁVIA CONSTANTINO MEIRELLES, JOSÉ ROBERTO PORTUGAL, SALATIÉR BUZETTI, MARCO EUSTÁQUIO DE SÁ, and RICARDO ANTÔNIO FERREIRA RODRIGUES. "BENEFÍCIOS DO MILHO CONSORCIADO COM GRAMÍNEA E LEGUMINOSAS E SEUS EFEITOS NA PRODUTIVIDADE EM SISTEMA PLANTIO DIRETO." Revista Brasileira de Milho e Sorgo 17, no. 3 (December 21, 2018): 431. http://dx.doi.org/10.18512/1980-6477/rbms.v17n3p431-444.

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RESUMO - O consórcio de culturas econômicas com plantas de cobertura tem se tornado cada vez mais importante por proporcionar a cobertura do solo, além de disponibilizar nutrientes. Dessa forma, o objetivo do trabalho foi avaliar as características agronômicas, produção de massa e a produtividade do milho consorciado com quatro diferentes plantas de cobertura. O experimento foi realizado na Fazenda de Ensino, Pesquisa e Extensão da UNESP, no município de Selvíria-MS, nos anos agrícolas 2013/2014 e 2015/2016. O delineamento foi em blocos ao acaso, com cinco tratamentos e quatro repetições. Os tratamentos utilizados foram milho, milho + Crotalaria spectabilis, milho + guandu, milho + feijão-de-porco, e milho + Urochloa ruziziensis. Com base nos resultados obtidos, concluiu-se que a utilização do consórcio entre milho e leguminosas e/ou gramínea promoveu aumento da massa seca sobre o solo e da quantidade acumulada de N, P e K, comparado ao cultivo de milho exclusivo; o consórcio do milho com Crotalaria spectabilis, guandu, feijão-de-porco e Urochloa ruziziensis reduziu a produtividade de grãos de milho em aproximadamente 10, 11, 14 e 9%, respectivamente, na média de dois anos de cultivo.Palavras-chave: Zea mays L., adubo verde, fixação biológica de N, cobertura do solo. BENEFITS OF INTERCROPPING CORN WITH GRASSY AND LEGUMES AND THEIR EFFECTS ON YIELD IN NO TILLAGE SYSTEM ABSTRACT – The intercropping of economically important crops with cover plants has become very significant for providing soil cover as well as nutrients. Thus, the objective of this work was to evaluate the morphological characteristics and yield of corn intercropped with four different cover crops. The experiment was conducted at the Experimental Station of UNESP, Selvíria county (MS), in the growing seasons 2013/14 and 2015/16. The experimental design was randomized blocks with five treatments and four replications. The treatments used were: corn, corn + Crotalaria spectabilis, corn + pigeon pea, corn + jack beans, and corn + Urochloa ruziziensis. The results showed that the use of intercropping between corn and legumes and / or grass promoted increase of the dry mass over the soil and the accumulated amount of N, P and K, compared to the exclusive corn crop; the corn intercropped with Crotalaria spectabilis, guandu, jack beans and Urochloa ruziziensis presented reduced grain yield by approximately 10, 11, 14, and 9%, respectively, in the two growing seasons.Keywords: Zea mays L., green manure, biological N fixation, soil cover.

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Leite, Rubson Da Costa, Rubens Ribeiro da Silva, Robson Da Costa Leite, Jefferson Santana da Silva Carneiro, Álvaro José Gomes de Faria, and Gilson Araújo de Freitas. "FARINHA DE CARNE E OSSOS E ADUBAÇÃO DE COBERTURA NA PRODUTIVIDADE DE CAPIM MOMBAÇA." Nativa 7, no. 1 (February 1, 2019): 59. http://dx.doi.org/10.31413/nativa.v7i1.5650.

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Apesar do resíduo de frigorífico ser abundante em nutrientes, em especial elevado teor de fósforo da farinha de carne e ossos, faz necessário a avaliação desse produto em comparação a outras fontes comerciais. Objetivou-se avaliar componentes de produção e produtividade do capim Mombaça em função de diferentes fontes fosfatadas e ausência de adubação de cobertura. O experimento foi conduzido em delineamento de blocos casualizados com quatro repetições. Os 36 tratamentos foram obtidos numa combinação fatorial (3x6x2), sendo três fontes de fertilizantes fosfatados (Superfosfato simples, Basifós e Farinha de carne e osso) e seis doses de adubação fosfatada (0; 35; 70; 140; 210; 280) kg ha-1 de P2O5 e a aplicação ou não da adubação de cobertura de nitrogênio e potássio (100 kg de ureia; 60 kg de cloreto de potássio e 0 kg ha-1 de adubação de cobertura). Foram avaliados altura de plantas, perfilhamento e massa seca da parte aérea do capim Mombaça. A fonte alternativa farinha de carne e ossos promoveu acréscimo na altura de plantas, número de perfilhos e massa de forragem em capim Mombaça, mesmo quando comparada com diferentes fontes comerciais.Palavras-chave: adubação, resíduos de frigorífico, Panicum maximum. MEAT AND BONE MEAL AND COVER FERTILIZATION ON MOMBASA GRASS PRODUCTIVITY ABSTRACT: Although the refrigerator residue is abundant in nutrients, in particular high phosphorus content of meat and bone meal, it is necessary to evaluate this product in comparison to other commercial sources. The objective of this study was to evaluate the production and productivity components of the Mombasa grass as a function of different phosphate sources and absence of cover fertilization. The experiment was conducted in a randomized complete block design with four replicates. The 36 treatments were obtained in a factorial combination (3x6x2), with three sources of phosphate fertilizers (Superphosphate simple, Basifós and Meat and bone meal) and six doses of phosphate fertilization (0; 35; 70; 140; 210; 280) kg ha-1 of P2O5 and the application or not of nitrogen and potassium fertilization (100 kg of urea, 60 kg of potassium chloride and 0 kg ha-1 of cover fertilization). Plant height, tillering and dry mass of the aerial part of the Mombasa grass were evaluated. The alternative source of meat and bone meal promoted an increase in plant height, number of tillers and forage mass in Mombasa grass, even when compared to different commercial sources.Keywords: fertilizer, slaughterhouse waste, Panicum maximum.

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Pereira, Giselle Abadia Campos, Leni Rodrigues Lima, Joelson Antônio Silva, Rosemay Lais Galati, Joanis Tilemahos Zervoudakis, Joadil Gonçalves Abreu, Lisiane Pereira de Jesus, Valéria Ana Corvalã dos Santos, Isabela De Ceni, and Luciano Silva Cabral. "Dry matter production and chemical composition of Massai grass submitted to nitrogen rates and cutting heights." Semina: Ciências Agrárias 37, no. 4Supl1 (September 2, 2016): 2487. http://dx.doi.org/10.5433/1679-0359.2016v37n4supl1p2487.

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The study was carried out in a greenhouse with a 4X4 factorial arrangement randomized block design in order to evaluate the effects of nitrogen rates (0, 50, 100 and 150 mg dm-3) associated with cutting heights (10, 15, 20 and 25 cm) on dry matter production and the chemical composition of Massai grass. The seeding was done in pots with 11 kg of soil. 10 plants were kept per pot, and there were two cuts every 35 days. Nitrogen fertilization was split between the two cuts, where the first N application occurred after the uniformity cut and the second after the first cut. In each cut the plants were separated and weighed for botanical component evaluation: leaf blade and stem + sheath. After this, the samples were homogenized and analysed for dry matter (DM), crude protein (CP) and neutral detergent fibre (NDF) content. In the first cut, the N fertilization caused a linear increase in DM production of 0.058 g pot-1 per each 1 mg dm-3 of N applied, as well as causing an increase of 0.549% in CP percentage, a 0.0124 pot-1 g increase in CP production and a reduction of 0.055% in NDF. In the second cut, N rates promoted a quadratic effect on DM production. A maximum DM production of 16.48 g pot-1 with 107.27 mg dm-3 of N was observed while CP production content was increased by 0.0092 g pot-1 for each 1 mg dm-3 N applied. In terms of linear responses to DM and PB, as well as the use efficiency calculated for Massai grass, recommended N doses range between 50 and 100 g dm-3.

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Adomo, Sérgio. "Violência urbana e justiça criminal." TRAVESSIA - revista do migrante, no. 4 (August 27, 1989): 17–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.48213/travessia.i4.48.

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De todas as formas de violência que hoje grassam na sociedade brasileira, a violência criminal é a única que parece merecer foro público. Nos últimos anos, acirrou-se o debate a propósito das medidas de contenção e de repressão ao crime. Ao sentimento de insegurança a que se encontra imerso o cidadão médio brasileiro vem se associar o crescimento, que se supõe vertiginoso, da violência criminal. A suspeita de que ó movimento da criminalidade sofreu substanciais alterações, seja devido ao aumento da massa de ilícitos penais, seja devido a mudanças experimentadas nos padrões emergentes de criminalidades com a consolidação do crime organizado, alimenta a expectativa daqueles que apostam em futuras situações incontroláveis.

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Bonfim-Silva, Edna, Hamilton Castro, Pablo Rezende, Henrique Favare, Luana Dourado, Helon Sousa, and Tonny Silva. "Wood Ash as a Corrective and Fertilizer in the Cultivation of Mombaça and Massai Grass in Oxisol." Journal of Experimental Agriculture International 21, no. 5 (March 21, 2018): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/jeai/2018/40069.

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Batista, Carlos Henrique, Otacílio Silveira Júnior, Ítalo Cordeiro Silva Lima, José Alberto Ferreira Cardoso, Rossini Sôffa da Cruz, and Antonio Clementino dos Santos. "Spatial variability of the horizontal structure and production of biomass in Massai grass in an agropastoral system." Revista Verde de Agroecologia e Desenvolvimento Sustentável 16, no. 3 (July 1, 2021): 238–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.18378/rvads.v16i3.8684.

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In Brazil, 60% to 80% of cultivated pastures show some degradation level. Thus, the objective was to evaluate the variability of the horizontal structure and biomass of Massai grass in an agropastoral system as a diagnosis of degraded pasture. We performed the georeferencing in a 12m × 13m mesh, totaling 48 sampling stations, and evaluated grass's biomass and structural characteristics at each station. We submitted the data to descriptive statistics and geostatistical analysis. We observed a process of degradation of pasture in the experimental area. Under these conditions, most of the characteristics of the pasture's horizontal structure and the production of biomass showed spatial dependence with high variability. Geostatistics efficiently represented and understood the variability of the studied attributes, enabling developing a specific pasture recovery management plan.

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43

Fernandes, L. S., G. S. Difante, J. V. Emerenciano Neto, I. M. M. Araújo, E. L. L. Veras, and M. G. Costa. "Performance of sheep grazing Panicum maximum cv. Massai and supplemented with protein sources during the dry season." South African Journal of Animal Science 50, no. 1 (April 16, 2020): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/sajas.v50i1.1.

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The low quality of tropical grasses in the dry season justifies the use of dietary supplements to meet the nutritional needs of sheep. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of supplementation with high-protein feed on mutton sheep performance and yield in Massai grass pastures during the dry season. The treatments corresponded to four supplements, namely Leucaena leucocephala leaf hay, Gliricidia sepium leaf hay, soybean meal, and a treatment that received only multiple mixture (protein salt) ad libitum. The pasture was evaluated for canopy height, forage supply, and chemical composition of leaf blade, stem and dead material. Average daily gain, weight gain per area, and the stocking rate were also evaluated. There were four grazing cycles because the grazing method was rotational stocking with seven days of occupation and 35 days of rest. The interaction between supplements and grazing cycles was not significant, and no effects of the supplements were found for any of the variables. The highest forage and leaf blade offerings were observed in the first grazing cycle. The highest levels of crude protein and lower neutral detergent fibre and lignin of pasture components were observed in cycles 3 and 4. The highest average daily gains per animal and per area were observed in cycles 1 and 2. Protein supplementation of sheep in Massai grass pastures promotes satisfactory gains during the dry season, and Leucaena and Gliricidia hays can be used as protein sources instead of soybean meal. Keywords: Gliricidia sepium, leguminous, Leucaena leucocephala, pasture

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Kumhála, F., Z. Kvíz, J. Kmoch, and V. Prošek. "Dynamic laboratory measurement with dielectric sensor for forage mass flow determination." Research in Agricultural Engineering 53, No. 4 (January 7, 2008): 149–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/1959-rae.

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A new parallel plate capacitance sensor was built consisting of two metal sheets. The sensor – a capacitor and the whole oscillating circuit was driven at 27 MHz frequency. Dynamic laboratory experiments were performed with grass from a natural meadow in order to evaluate the possibility of the forage mass flow determination by means of this sensor. The results revealed a relatively strong linear relationship between the feed rates of the wet forage crop material passing through the sensor between its plates and the measured capacitance sensor circuit output frequency. The coefficients of determination (R2) varied from 0.9 to 0.96. Further improvement of the electronic circuit connection and further investigation of the sensor can be recommended.

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Ruviaro, Claiton, André Bordin Lazzeri, Hugo Albino Seibt Thomaz, and Zanandra Boff de Oliveira. "ADUBAÇÃO NITROGENADA PARA MAXIMIZAÇÃO DA PRODUÇÃO DO CAPIM ELEFANTE PARAÍSO IRRIGADO." IRRIGA 13, no. 1 (March 24, 2008): 26–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.15809/irriga.2008v13n1p26-35.

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ADUBAÇÃO NITROGENADA PARA MAXIMIZAÇÃO DA PRODUÇÃO DO CAPIM ELEFANTE PARAÍSO IRRIGADO. Claiton Ruviaro; André Bordin Lazzeri; Hugo Albino Seibt Thomaz; Zanandra Boff de OliveiraDepartamento de Ciências Agrárias, Universidade Regional Integrada do Alto do Uruguai e das Missões. URI, Santiago, RS, ruviaro@urisantiago.br 1 RESUMO O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar diferentes doses de nitrogênio (0, 45, 90 e 135 kgha-1) em cobertura, após cada corte, sobre a produção de massa seca e o valor nutritivo do Capim Elefante Paraíso. A semeadura foi realizada com espaçamento de 0,50 metros entre linhas, em blocos casualizado, com quatro repetições. As estimativas das quantidades de massa seca foram determinadas por dupla amostragem, cortadas a cada 30 dias. Realizaram-se as análises bromatológicas para determinar os teores de proteína bruta, fibra detergente ácido, nutrientes digestíveis totais e digestibilidade da massa seca. A irrigação era realizada através de um sistema de aspersão fixo, quando a evapotranspiração da cultura indicava uma lâmina de 30 mm. Foram encontradas diferenças significativas para a produção de MS com a maior produção de 4.935 kg MS ha-1 para a dose de nitrogênio de 90 kg N ha-1. Os maiores teores de proteína bruta obtidas foram de 11,74 e 10,62% para as doses de 45 e 90 kg N ha-1. Para a fibra detergente ácido foi encontrado o maior valor de 33,33% sem a aplicação de nitrogênio. UNITERMOS: valor nutritivo, pastagem, lâmina de irrigação. RUVIARO, C.; LAZZERI, A. B.; THOMAZ, H. A. .S.; OLIVEIRA, Z. B. EFFECTS OF NITROGEN FERTILIZATION MANAGEMENT ON IRRIGATED ELEPHANT GRASS cv. PARAÍSO PRODUCTIVITY 2 ABSTRACT This work aim was to evaluate, after each cut, different nitrogen applications (0, 45, 90 and 135 kg/ ha) on covering, production of dry mass and nutritional value of Elephant grass cv paraíso, submitted to a critical irrigation level management. The sowing was carried out in lines, in a 0.50-meter space among lines, in a block design, with four replications. The estimates for amounts of dry mass (DM) were determined by couple sampling, cut every 30 days. Bromatological analyses were made to determine the content of crude protein (PB), acid detergent fiber (ADF), total digestible nutrients (TND) and dry matter digestibility (MSD). Significant differences for production of DM with the largest production of 4935 kg ha-1 were found. The contents of PB were from 11.74% for 45 and 90 kg N ha-1. For ADF the largest value of 33.33% was found with the doses of zero kg N ha-1. KEY WORDS: nutritive value, pasture, irrigation depth.

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Costa, José Eldo, Leonardo Eufrázio Soares, Valéria Fernandes de Oliveira Sousa, Ana Beatriz Graciano da Costa, João Virgínio Emerenciano Neto, Ermelinda Maria Mota Oliveira, Gelson dos Santos Difante, and Gualter Guenther Costa da Silva. "Sward structure, morphological components and forage yield of massai grass in response to residual effect of swine biofertilizer." Acta Scientiarum. Animal Sciences 44 (March 7, 2022): e53792. http://dx.doi.org/10.4025/actascianimsci.v44i1.53792.

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The present study aimed to evaluate the residual effects of the application of biofertilizer and mineral fertilizer on sward structure and morphological components of Panicum maximum cv. Massai. The experimental design comprised randomized blocks with six treatments consisting of increasing doses of swine biofertilizer (0, 10, 20, 30 and 40 Mg ha-1) and mineral fertilization (150 kg N ha-1, 33 kg P ha-1), with four replicates. The variables analyzed were pasture height, light interception, leaf area index, forage mass and morphological components. Plant height responded linearly and positively to biofertilizer levels in the three evaluations. The highest averages for light interception (51.63%) and leaf area index (1.64) were observed for the 240 days (40 Mg ha-1). Dry leaf mass was influenced by the increase in biofertilizer dose, with increments of 39.68%, 25.07% and 44.66% for the 240, 300 and 360 days, respectively, when compared to the control treatment. Mineral fertilization promoted lower mass of dead material and lower leaf area index but did not differ from biofertilizer for the other variables. The residual effect of swine biofertilizer was greater than that of mineral fertilization, with a minimum use of 20 Mg ha-1 a practical agronomic recommendation.

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Feitosa, Odimar de Sousa, Rubson da Costa Leite, Emerson Alexandrino, Thiago de Jesus Saboia Pires, Leonardo Bernardes Taverny de Oliveira, Joaquim José de Paula Neto, and Antonio Clementino dos Santos. "Forage performance and cattle production as a function of the seasonality of a Brazilian tropical region." Acta Scientiarum. Animal Sciences 44 (December 22, 2021): e53779. http://dx.doi.org/10.4025/actascianimsci.v44i1.53779.

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This study aimed to evaluate forage yield, tiller population density, canopy height, nutritional value as well as cattle performance in alternate stocking from three tropical forage cultivars. The experiment followed a randomized block design, in a 3 x 3 factorial scheme with three replications. Three forage cultivars (Marandu, Massai and Xaraés) distributed in nine hectares were evaluated in three dry season periods (transition wet/dry, dry, and end of dry season), with repeated measures over time. The following variables were evaluated: canopy height, leaf: stem ratio, forage mass, leaf mass, stem mass and dead material mass. Total digestible nutrients, crude protein and in vitro dry mass digestibility were evaluated regarding forage nutrition. Animal performance, using 36 eleven-month-old animals (half-blood Nelore), was evaluated by the daily average gain and weight gain by area. During pre-grazing, canopy height presented interaction among forage cultivars and the evaluated periods. The average daily gain showed no interaction among cultivars and period of the year the similarity in animal performance among the cultivars Marandu and Massai show that the Massai grass can be used as an alternative for forage diversification under an alternate management system.

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CONRADO, JEFTE ARNON DE ALMEIDA, ANA CLARA RODRIGUES CAVALCANTE, RAFAEL GONÇALVES TONUCCI, MARIA SOCORRO DE SOUZA CARNEIRO, and MAGNO JOSÉ DUARTE CÂNDIDO. "FORAGE PRODUCTION AND PRESERVATION OF SPECIES BY ENRICHING CAATINGA WITH GRASSES AND THINNING AREAS INTO STRIPS." Revista Caatinga 32, no. 3 (September 2019): 814–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1983-21252019v32n326rc.

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ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to evaluate the thinning into strips and the enrichment with exotic grasses in a Caatinga area in order to maintain and increase the biodiversity of native vegetable species and forage production. Two studies were carried out-one in an area of Caatinga thinned into strips and one in an unmanipulated Caatinga area-during the rainy and rainy-dry season transition periods in 2016. The production of herbaceous biomass was evaluated, and the diversity and equability of the two areas were assessed through Shannon-Weaver (H’) and Pielou (J’) indexes. The establishment of massai and buffel grasses at the center and edges of the area thinned into strips was also evaluated. During the rainy season, the production of herbaceous biomass in the area thinned into strips and the unmanipulated area was 1,228 kg ha-1 and 833.33 kg ha-1, while during the rainy-dry transition period, it was 1,973 kg ha-1 and 836.00 kg ha-1, respectively. The indexes remained similar: H’ (1.86) and J’ (0.74) for the area thinned into strips, and H’ (1.77) and J’ (0.85) for the unmanipulated area. The massai grass presented better establishment and development than that by the buffel grass in the center and edges of the area thinned into strips. Thus, thinning into strips increases the biodiversity of an area, and this combined with enrichment through grasses increases the biomass of herbaceous forage.

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Biserra, Thiago Trento, Luísa Melville Paiva, Henrique Jorge Fernandes, Camila Fernandes Domingues Duarte, Alex Coene Fleitas, and Ademir Oliveira da Silva. "PRODUÇÃO E VALOR NUTRITIVO DE CAPIM-PIATÃ SUBMETIDO À ADUBAÇÃO ORGÂNICA E QUÍMICA." Nativa 8, no. 1 (February 5, 2020): 150. http://dx.doi.org/10.31413/nativa.v8i1.7450.

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A adubação orgânica pode ser utilizada de forma sustentável visando o fornecimento de nutrientes as plantas. No entanto, são restritas as informações referentes às doses a serem aplicadas. Objetivou-se avaliar o desenvolvimento e valor nutritivo de capim-piatã recebendo diferentes níveis de biofertilizante (0, 1,0, 2,0, 3,0 e 4,0 L de biofertilizante líquido de esterco bovino por vaso) e diferentes condições de adubação química (dose zero – controle, com aplicação de 50 e 100% da recomendação de adubação química). O biofertilizante associado ou não com adubação química proporcionou aumentos na massa de forragem, massa de raiz e altura final das plantas e redução da razão parte aérea:raiz. A concentração proteína bruta foi influenciada pelos níveis de biofertilizante aplicado, na ausência de adubação química. As concentrações de fibra em detergente neutro e fibra em detergente ácido responderam de forma quadrática aos níveis de biofertilizante utilizado, quando foram associadas a 100% da dose recomendada de adubação química. Quando 50% da recomendação adubação química foi utilizada a fibra em detergente ácido aumentou linearmente. A utilização de biofertilizante pode ser uma alternativa promissora em substituição total ou parcial da adubação química, melhorando o desenvolvimento e valor nutritivo do capim- piatã na implantação.Palavras-chave: biofertilização; Brachiaria brizantha cv. BRS Piatã; desenvolvimento sustentável. PRODUCTION AND NUTRITIVE VALUE OF PIATÃ PALISADE GRASS SUBMITTEDTO ORGANIC AND CHEMICAL FERTILIZATION ABSTRACT: Organic fertilization can be used sustainably in providing nutrients to plants. However, information regarding the doses to be applied is restricted. The objective was to evaluate the development and nutritional value of piatã palisade grass receiving different levels of biofertilizer (0, 1.0, 2.0, 3.0 and 4.0 L of liquid bovine manure biofertilizer) and different conditions of chemical fertilization (zero dose - control, applying 50 and 100% of the chemical fertilization recommendation). The biofertilizer associated or not with chemical fertilization provided increases in forage mass, root mass and final plant height and reduced shoot: root ratio. The crude protein concentration was influenced by the levels of biofertilizer applied in the absence of chemical fertilization. The concentrations of neutral detergent fiber and acid detergent fiber concentrations responded quadratically to the levels of biofertilizer used, when they were associated with 100% of the recommended chemical fertilizer dose. When 50% of the chemical fertilizer recommendation was used the acid detergent fiber increased linearly. The use of biofertilizer can be a promising alternative in total or partial substitution of chemical fertilization, improving the development and nutritional value of the piatã palisade grass at implantation.Keywords: biofertilization; Brachiaria brizantha cv. BRS Piatã; sustainable development.

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Lima, Juscileia de Souza, Marcelo Xisto Ribeiro, Felipe Silva Amorim, César Henrique Alves Borges, Maílson Pereira de Souza, and Yara Karolynne Lopes Abreu. "Produção e avaliação de briquetes de capim elefante (Pennisetum purpureum Schum.) cultivados com doses de nitrogênio." Revista Verde de Agroecologia e Desenvolvimento Sustentável 11, no. 1 (September 27, 2016): 29. http://dx.doi.org/10.18378/rvads.v11i2.4468.

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A produção de briquetes surge como uma forma alternativa no reaproveitamento de resíduos lignocelulósicos, concentrando a energia disponível na biomassa, visando a problemática do armazenamento de resíduos, produzindo biocombustível. O objetivo desse trabalho foi produzir briquetes utilizando resíduo de capim elefante (Pennisetum purpureum Schum.) cultivar Carajás, adubado com diferentes doses de nitrogênio avaliando quanto à descompressão, índice de combustão (ICOM), massa, volume, densidade, altura e diâmetro. O capim elefante recebeu dosagens de 200 e 400 kg de N/ha. A coleta foi realizada em diferentes épocas: 60, 75 e 90 dias. Após a coleta, o material foi armazenado em sacos de fibra e deixado para climatizar com temperatura e umidade controlada (20ºC e 60%). O material foi triturado com o auxílio de um moinho. Posteriormente, para cada briquete produzido pesou-se 40 g de biomassa, na qual foi compactada em uma prensa hidráulica de 15 Toneladas. A pressão utilizada foi de aproximadamente 152,7 kgf/cm² e temperatura de ±118ºC. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi o fatorial 2X3. Os índices de combustão encontrados variaram de 1,93 a 3,30, tais resultados mostraram-se ótimos, pois briquetes com maior ICOM possuem qualidade superior, pois uma menor massa desse material seria consumida em menor período de tempo de combustão e uma temperatura mais elevada seria atingida. A partir da análise de regressão foi visto que o ICOM independe da densidade do briquete. As variáveis altura, volume e diâmetro não diferiram estatisticamente entre si, havendo apenas diferença estatística nos parâmetros densidade, massa e ICOM.Production and evalutation of elephant grass briquettes (Penisetum pupureum Shum.) grown with nitrogen rates<pre>Abstract: The production of briquettes is an alternative way in the reuse of lignocellulosic waste, concentrating the energy available from biomass, aimed at waste storage problem, producing biofuel. The aim of this work was to produce briquettes using elephant grass residue (Pennisetum purpureum Schum.) grow cops Carajás, fertilized with different nitrogen rates, and assesses them as decompression, combustion index (ICOM), mass, volume, density, height and diameter. The elephant grass received dosages of 200 and 400 kg N / ha. The collection was carried out at different times: 60, 75 and 90 days. After collection, the material was stored in fiber bags and left to acclimatize with controlled temperature and humidity (20 ° C and 60%). The material was milled with the aid of a mill. Subsequently, for each briquette produced weighed 40 g of biomass, which was compressed in a hydraulic press 15 Tons. The pressure used was approximately 152.7 kgf / cm² and ± 118ºC temperature. The experimental design was factorial 2X3. The combustion rates found ranged from 1.93 to 3.30, such results were excellent, since briquettes ICOM have more superior as a smaller mass of this material would be consumed in a shorter period of time and a combustion temperature more high be achieved. From the regression analysis it was seen that the ICOM independent of briquette density. The variable height, volume and diameter did not differ among themselves, with only statistical difference in density parameters, mass and ICOM.</pre>

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Journal articles on the topic 'Massa grassa'

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