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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Libraries'
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1
Ralston, D. Peter (David Peter). "A water demand analysis for the Massachusetts Institute of Technology." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/69296.
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Thesis (M.C.P.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Urban Studies and Planning, 1992.Title as it appears in the June, 1992 MIT Graduate List: A water demand model for the Massachusetts Institute of Technology.
Includes bibliographical references (leaves 180-182).
by D. Peter Ralston.
M.C.P.
2
Sandon, Lydia 1976. "An archive of scholarly publishing at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/16721.
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Thesis (M.Eng.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 1999.Includes bibliographical references (leaves 63-64).
This electronic version was submitted by the student author. The certified thesis is available in the Institute Archives and Special Collections.
by Lydia Sandon.
M.Eng.
3
Delisle, Lynn S. (Lynn Susan) 1968. "Massachusetts Institute of Technology Leaders for Manufacturing Program : breaking throught the quality ceiling." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/46686.
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Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Sloan School of Management; and, (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, 2001.Includes bibliographical references (leaves 67-68).
This thesis analyzes the challenges of change management in a US auto plant. The change initiative used as an example is the launch and implementation of quality recording and reporting software in a body assembly area. A more complete examination of this change initiative using the three lenses of organizational design shows that this plant has reached a quality ceiling based on its strategic design, culture, and political power structure. Breaking through the quality ceiling requires a change agent who harnesses the strengths of an organization to bring it to the next level of quality. Deeper analysis of the recommendations that come from the three lens analysis leads to the conclusion that a more integrated approach is needed to address the issues of change management in a mature organization. Change management strategies depend on the nature of the change, but also the leadership characteristics of the change agent. Three change management strategies are proposed: (1) planting the seeds of change within the organization by bringing in outsiders; (2) "awakening" members of the organization to the need for change; and (3) creating a crisis of a magnitude that members of the organization fear that not making the change is worse than accepting the change. A more integrated approach to change management using a strategy that complements the change agent's strengths will lead to the long-term success in continuous quality improvement. In conclusion, breaking through the quality ceiling requires a change agent who uses a change management approach that harnesses the strengths of the organization and leads it to the next level of quality.
by Lynn S. Delisle.
S.M.
4
Montelli, Andrew. "Possible solutions to the graduate housing shortage at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/71065.
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Rush, Monica R. "Creative thinking in engineering education : lessons from students at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/52753.
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Thesis (S.M. in Technology and Policy)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Engineering Systems Division, Technology and Policy Program, 2009.This electronic version was submitted by the student author. The certified thesis is available in the Institute Archives and Special Collections.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 80-83).
Engineers have deemed creative thinking a necessary skill in their line of work, and ABET, the accreditation board for engineering schools, can evaluate a program based on how it attempts to teach it in its courses. And yet, many students and professors feel that creative thinking is a skill often overlooked by the traditional engineering curriculum. This thesis investigates student acquisition of creative thinking skills in four engineering design courses taught under the Mechanical Engineering and the Aeronautics/Astronautics Departments at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Quantitative research methods (surveys, assessments) and qualitative methods (interviews, focus groups) are combined to identify factors that influence student creativity in the classroom and retention and use of creative thinking skills beyond the classroom. Student reflections are used to tie theories of creativity with educational theory on student learning. Common themes discussed by students in relation to creativity include the interactive lecture and lab environments, the involvement of the professors and confidence and hands-on practice. Data shows the relationship between perceptions of team creativity and individual creative development. Recommendations on course structure and supportive institutional policies encouraging creative classroom environments are made based on the experiences of the students and teaching staff of these courses.
by Monica R. Rush.
S.M.in Technology and Policy
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Papadopoulos, Georgios. "Asymptotically optimal path planning and surface reconstruction for inspection." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/93868.
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Thesis: Ph. D., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Mechanical Engineering, 2014.Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 163-179).
Motivated by inspection applications for marine structures, this thesis develops algorithms to enable their autonomous inspection. Two essential parts of the inspection problem are (1) path planning and (2) surface reconstruction. On the first problem, we develop a novel analysis of asymptotic optimality of control-space sampling path planning algorithms. This analysis demonstrated that asymptotically optimal path planning for any Lipschitz continuous dynamical system can be achieved by sampling the control space directly. We also determine theoretical convergence rates for this class of algorithms. These two contributions were also illustrated numerically via extensive simulation. Based on the above analysis, we developed a new inspection planning algorithm, called Random Inspection Tree Algorithm (RITA). Given a perfect model of a structure, sensor specifications, robot dynamics, and an initial configuration of a robot, RITA computes the optimal inspection trajectory that observes all surface points on the structure. This algorithm uses of control-space sampling techniques to find admissible trajectories with decreasing cost. As the number of iterations increases, RITA converges to optimal control trajectories. A rich set of simulation results, motivated by inspection problems for marine structures, illustrate our methods. Data gathered from all different views of the structure are assembled to reconstruct a 3D model of the external surfaces of the structure of interest. Our work also involved field experimentation. We use off-the-shelf sensors and a robotic platform to scan marine structures above and below the waterline. Using such scanned data points, we reconstruct triangulated polyhedral surface models of marine structures based on Poisson techniques. We have tested our system extensively in field experiments at sea. We present results on construction of various 3D surface models of marine structures, such as stationary jetties and slowly moving structures (floating platforms and boats). This work contributes to the autonomous inspection problem for structures and to the optimal path, inspection and task planning problems.
by Georgios Papadopoulos.
Ph. D.
7
Chen, Kuan-nien Information Systems Technology & Management Australian School of Business UNSW. "The effects of evaluation on organisational learning: a study of Taiwan's institute of technology libraries." Awarded by:University of New South Wales. School of Information Systems, Technology and Management, 2006. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/31103.
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The research question of this thesis is ???what is the relationship between evaluation procedures and organisational learning in an academic library???? The study investigates the nature of organisational learning within Taiwanese institute of technology academic libraries, and in particular the nature of the relationship between the formal institutional evaluation (IE) of those libraries by the Ministry of Education (MoE) and the organisational responses of the libraries. A ???process, phase of organisational learning (PPOL)??? model guided the delineation of research variables and the collection and analysis of data. The subjects of the research were 67 academic libraries and their staff. Phase I of the study consisted pf a questionnaire survey of 312 staff. The results of the survey formed the basis of Phase II of the study, the semi-structured interviews with 24 library personnel, together with an examination of relevant documents of the particular libraries involved. The refinement of the PPOL model is an indication that generally the direction and the use of IE, while recognised by management and employees, do not in most cases translate into higher levels of organisational learning and change. The findings of this thesis apply to the particular types of libraries studied, and to the concept of evaluation and organisational learning. Libraries are automatically to some extent involved in self-evaluation because they must prepare for IE, with some assistance from their institution. However, this does not imply that if various changes occur in the libraries there must be a strong correlation with the existence of high organisational learning. The external nature of the evaluation and the lengthy time periods between evaluations are two factors which make the learning response of libraries more difficult to determine. Ideally, an IE will assist the library on a path of continuous organisational adaptation, which involves structural, communication and climate changes. These changes reflect the ongoing organisational learning activities.
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Parker, Preston Paul. "Explaining the Paradox: Perceived Instructor Benefits and Costs of Contributing to Massachusetts Institute of Technology OpenCourseWare." DigitalCommons@USU, 2012. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/1177.
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This study examines perceived benefits and costs of instructors who contributed to the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) OpenCourseWare (OCW) project. While previous research has investigated the benefits and costs of OCW from the perspectives of the users and institution, the instructor's perspective is the focus of this qualitative case study. Instructors created the original educational content and would seem to have the most to lose by contributing to OCW.
Data come from six years worth of surveys conducted by the evaluation team of the MIT OCW project, follow-up interviews with contributing MIT instructors, and a content analysis of written feedback comments received by the MIT OCW team. Findings include instructor benefits of: (1) improved reputation, (2) networking, (3) supplementary opportunities, (4) improved course content, (5) course feedback, (6) students accessing materials, and (7) working with the MIT OCW team; and instructor costs of: (1) damaged reputation, (2) loss of intellectual property rights, (3) requirement of extra resources, (4) realignment of individual professional goals, (5) public materials, and (6) working with the MIT OCW team.
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Chen, Chih-Yung. "Frequency dependence of the conductivity and dielectric constant of single crystal La₂CuO₄₊y̳." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1990. https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/128802.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Physics, 1990.On t.p. "y" is subscript.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 136-143).
by Chih-Yung Chen.
Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Physics, 1990.
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Amir, Amir R. (Amir Riyadh). "Massachusetts Institute of Technology--a systems-level analysis and vision for the future : (the Grand Plan)." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/47381.
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Abdelkader, Sarah Ali. "Thermal analysis of the reflector system of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology Research Reactor (MITR-III)." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/10984.
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Katz, Daniel 1972. "Treatment planning for boron neturon capture therapy at the New England Medical Center-Massachusetts Institute of Technology." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/41789.
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Ellis, Tyler Shawn. "Design of a low enrichment, enhanced fast flux core for the Massachusetts Institute of Technology Research Reactor." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/53264.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Nuclear Science and Engineering, February 2009.Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 115-117).
Worldwide, there is limited test reactor capacity to perform the required irradiation experiments on advanced fast reactor materials and fuel designs. This is particularly true in the U.S., which no longer has an operating fast reactor but depends upon two aging thermal reactors for testing the behavior of various materials in an irradiation environment. The MIT research reactor is planning for a new core to end the need for highly enriched uranium and operate the reactor with uranium enrichments under 20%. This study explores the use of the central region in the newly proposed MIT reactor core to boost the production of fast neutrons, thus making the new core more beneficial for materials testing. The Fast Flux Trap introduces a region of fissile material surrounding a central irradiation facility which is cooled by liquid lead-bismuth eutectic. This arrangement maximizes the fast neutron production by avoiding neutron moderation in the center. The fissile material, arranged in a tight hexagonal pin array, can be uranium enriched in either 235U or 233U, to the limit allowable for non-proliferation. Insertion of the Fast Flux Trap in the proposed low enriched uranium core operated at a 10 MW power level, can provide a 252%-271% higher fast neutron flux than the previously proposed designs with low enriched fuel for the MIT research reactor and a 235%-253% higher fast neutron flux than the existing highly enriched uranium MITR-II core at 5 MW.
(cont.) This new core fast flux capability is within a factor of 2 to 4 of the much larger national test reactors, the Advanced Test Reactor and the High Flux Isotope Reactor, and hence can allow the MIT research reactor to be more useful for fast irradiation. The work covered both steady state and transient events involving the Fast Flux Trap, using the Monte Carlo N-Particle (MCNP) transport code. It was shown that the power distribution within the Fast Flux Trap pins as well as the plates in the rest of the core will be satisfactory; or in other words, no excessive power peaking will develop. The limits of the Fast Flux Trap lifetime were found to exceed the expected licensing time of the new core. Furthermore, the reactivity implications of metallic coolant leaks, water flooding of the Fast Flux Trap and various possible test materials were all found to be acceptable. The loss of flow following a pump trip event was analyzed using the RELAP5-3D code, and found not to result in excessive temperatures with regards to materials strength and corrosion resistance. While the specific design developed in this dissertation is particular to the MIT research reactor core, the Fast Flux Trap design concept can potentially be applied in other reactor cores so that other thermal spectrum research and test reactor facilities can benefit from this enhanced capability.
by Tyler Shawn Ellis.
Ph.D.
14
Chandavarkar, Arun Suresh. "Dynamics of fouling of microporous membranes by proteins." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/13642.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Chemical Engineering, 1990.Includes bibliographical references (leaves 274-284).
by Arun Suresh Chandavarkar.
Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Chemical Engineering, 1990.
15
Chaniotakis, E. A. (Emmanouil A. ). "Ignition and burn control characteristics of thermonuclear plasmas." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/13659.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Nuclear Engineering, 1990.Includes bibliographical references (leaves 232-238).
by Emmanouil Antony Chaniotakis.
Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Nuclear Engineering, 1990.
16
Nasr, Reem. "A cognitive systems analysis of engineering students' mathematical reasoning in signals and systems." Thesis, Boston University, 2007. https://hdl.handle.net/2144/31991.
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Thesis (Ed.D.)--Boston UniversityPLEASE NOTE: Boston University Libraries did not receive an Authorization To Manage form for this thesis or dissertation. It is therefore not openly accessible, though it may be available by request. If you are the author or principal advisor of this work and would like to request open access for it, please contact us at open-help@bu.edu. Thank you.
This study was designed to investigate student understanding of fundamental concepts in the engineering course, signals and systems. The aim of this study was threefold: (1) to identify faulty reasonings students invoke in their study of signals and systems; (2) to identify the reasoning resources that explain the origin of student faulty reasonings; and (3) to identify consistencies in students' invocation of reasoning resources across different signals and systems topics. Fifty-one undergraduate students majoring in aerospace engineering at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology participated in this study. Seven oral problems were designed to test student understanding of central topics in the study of continuous-time linear, time-invariant systems. Participants were divided into seven cohorts and each cohort was interviewed on a different problem. Interview transcriptions were analyzed based from a complex systems perspectiv to identify the knowledge elements of reasoning resources that characterize student reasoning in signals and systems. [TRUNCATED]
2031-01-02
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Pérez, Escaf Anuar Alberto. "Multifamily properties for rent in Colombia : an opportunity waiting to be seized at The Massachusetts Institute of Technology." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/101322.
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Thesis: S.M. in Real Estate Development, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Program in Real Estate Development in conjunction with the Center for Real Estate, 2015.Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 69-70).
This paper seeks to reveal an overlooked opportunity to develop and invest in multifamily properties for rent in Colombia by examining all of the variables that make up a suitable investment. With more sophisticated investors entering the market, sky-high housing prices, desirable demographic trends for a growing economy and the highest share of renters in a Latin American city, Bogota has the perfect mix for developing an institutionally-owned and managed rental housing market. It is addressed to developers, property managers and investors who can seize this opportunity in years to come. Also, is meant to provide a holistic research that summarizes the present situation and provides clear guidelines for future ventures. There are clearly some challenges that this new market will face. Low rental yields, an insufficient legal and regulatory framework, and a lack of specialized funding vehicles are three of the main obstacles that these developments will encounter. From a competitive perspective, it is clear that a fragmented though efficient rental market exists. Even though it operates largely in an informal manner, this supply of units satisfies the needs of todays' rental community. These obstacles, among others, will be analyzed in this thesis to show that the existing risks can be managed and mitigated and it is indeed the right moment to develop new investment platforms. The research will contemplate the whole Colombian rental market but will focus on Bogota's mid and high-end spectrum of the housing market. While affordable-housing projects for rent can also be identified as a substantial opportunity, the fact that most likely the regulatory framework around the subject will soon change, exposes any recommendation to becoming irrelevant. In order to further develop the institutional real estate in Colombia, the country will not only need more sales and steady price increases. A central piece for becoming a sophisticated and modern market will come from a change of approach towards the process of conceiving, analyzing and investing in real estate. Even though this will take decades, the objective of this paper is to emphasize that for the rental housing market this evolution should start now.
by Anuar Perez.
S.M. in Real Estate Development
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Vale, Kate Livingston. "The emergence of network-enhanced classroom teaching." Thesis, Boston University, 2004. https://hdl.handle.net/2144/32006.
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Thesis (Ed.D.)--Boston UniversityPLEASE NOTE: Boston University Libraries did not receive an Authorization To Manage form for this thesis or dissertation. It is therefore not openly accessible, though it may be available by request. If you are the author or principal advisor of this work and would like to request open access for it, please contact us at open-help@bu.edu. Thank you.
This study is an historical analysis of Brown University and Massachusetts Institute of Technology faculty engagement with network-based courseware development between 1983 and 2003. Specifically, the research focused on how and why faculty engaging in work with Intermedia and Project Athena undertook their projects, what pedagogical models they employed, and what factors contributed to the success and longevity of their courseware. Data collection models included interviews with faculty, project coordinators and technical staff, review of the courseware applications, and examination of internal and external documentation about each project. The findings indicated that faculty tended to utilize the same pedagogical methods in software as they already did in regular teaching, turning to the computer primarily for areas that were difficult to teach or learn; that continued faculty commitment to expanding and updating the software was necessary for sustainability; that faculty perceived their projects as having been successful in increasing student learning and communication despite the fact that formal evaluation was rarely undertaken; and that faculty in the Humanities were more likely to use the network to foster communication and collaboration, while Science and Engineering faculty used the network as a means of disseminating modelling and simulation applications.
2031-01-02
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Chanin, Steven Bruce. "Guesser--a heuristic approach to robot motion planning." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1991. https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/128803.
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Thesis (M.S.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 1991.Includes bibliographical references (leaves 88-89).
by Steven Bruce Chanin.
Thesis (M.S.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 1991.
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León, Ramón. "Kozulin, A. Psychology in utopia. Toward a social history of Soviet psychology. Cambridge, Mass.; Londres: The Massachusetts Institute of Technology Press, 1984, XII+ 180 pgs." Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2013. http://repositorio.pucp.edu.pe/index/handle/123456789/99963.
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Orillard, Clément. "Kevin Lynch et l’urban design : représenter la perception de la ville (1951-1964)." Paris 8, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA083275.
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Cette thèse interroge la première partie de l’œuvre du théoricien de l’urbanisme Kevin Lynch (1918-1984) à travers deux échelles de contexte de production. La première correspond au champ anglo-américain de l’urban design dont Kevin Lynch a été un acteur important tant au niveau de sa construction institutionnelle qu’en termes de littérature théorique. La seconde est celle du collectif attaché à la recherche « The Perceptual Form of the City » (1954-1959) que Kevin Lynch a co-dirigée au sein de la School of Architecture and City Planning du Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Les deux sont interrogées à partir d’un ouvrage particulier, The View from the Road (1964) qui, avec Townscape (1961) de Gordon Cullen et Learning from Las Vegas (1972) de Robert Venturi, Denise Scott Brown et Steven Izenour, constitue une tentative pour développer une représentation des séquences visuelles. Ces trois ouvrages proposent des modes de représentation très différents tout en s’inscrivant explicitement dans une généalogie au sein du champ de l’urban design. La représentation des séquences visuelles fait ainsi l’objet d’une traduction d’un ouvrage à l’autre. L’analyse de chacun, dans le cadre de l’urban design, permet de saisir le moteur de cette traduction. Se pencher ensuite sur la recherche « The Perceptual Form of the City », ses prémices et ses suites, en reconstituer l’histoire, permet de décrire la fabrique de cette traduction. L’action des différents participants à cette recherche et des institutions qui y ont contribué, dont la Fondation Rockefeller, est analysée ainsi que le jeu des discours-ressources, tels que la psychologie cognitive, et des personnes-ressources mobilisésThis thesis interrogates the early work of the urban theoretician Kevin Lynch (1918-1984) through examining two different contexts of production. The first context encompasses a transnational scale, the Anglo-American field of Urban Design, in which Kevin Lynch was a key person contributing as much to the constitution of institutions as to the production of theoretical literature. The second scale, more local, is that of the group attached to “The Perceptual Form of the City” research program (1954-1959) that Lynch co-directed while at the School of Architecture and City Planning at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. These two contexts are simultaneously examined through a particular text, The View from the Road (1964) that, with Gordon Cullen’s Townscape (1961) and Learning from Las Vegas (1972) by Robert Venturi, Denise Scott Brown and Steven Izenour, attempted to develop representations of visual sequences. These three texts propose very different modes of representation while explicitly participating in a genealogy within the Urban Design field. The analysis of each text, understood within this framework, allows us to understand the driving force of these translations. Focusing next on “The Perceptual Form of the City” research program, its premises and its sequels, the reconstitution of this story reveals how this translation was fabricated. The action of the different actors participating in this research and of the institutions who contributed to it, including the Rockefeller Foundation, is analyzed as is the interplay of ‘discourses-resources’, such as cognitive psychology, and of the ‘people-resources’ mobilized
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Kilian, Joe. "Two undecidability results in probabilistic automata theory." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1985. https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/126347.
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Thesis (B.S.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 1985.Bibliography: leaf 13.
by Joseph J. Kilian.
Thesis (B.S.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 1985.
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Greaves, Robert J. "Seismic scattering of low-grazing-angle acoustic waves incident on the seafloor." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/53039.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Joint Program in Oceanography (Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Earth, Atmospheric, and Planetary Sciences; and the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution), 1998.Includes bibliographical references (v. 2, leaves 423-433).
The goal of this thesis is to develop a methodology to interpret sound scattered from the seafloor in terms of seafloor structure and subseafloor geological properties. Specifically, this work has been directed towards the interpretation of matched-filtered, beam-formed monostatic acoustic reverberation data acquired on the west flank of the Mid-Atlantic Ridge when the seafloor is insonified by a band-limited, lowgrazing- angle acoustic pulse. This research is based on the hypothesis that observed backscatter signals are produced by a combination.of seafloor (interface) scattering and subseafloor (volume) scattering from structure having variations at scale lengths similar to the wavelength of the insonifying acoustic field. Analysis of monostatic reverberation data acquired during the Site A experiment (Run 1) of the Acoustic Reverberation Special Research Program 1993 Acoustics Cruise suggests that the scattered signals cannot be accounted for quantitatively in terms of large-scale slope, even though a strong correspondence between high intensity backscatter and seafloor ridges is observed. In order to investigate and quantify the actual sources of seafloor scattering, a numerical modeling study of seafloor models is undertaken using a finitedifference solution to the elastic wave equation. Geological data available at Site A and published reports describing geological properties of similar deep ocean crustal regions are used to develop a realistic seafloor model for the study area with realistic constraints on elastic parameters. Wavelength-scale heterogeneity in each model, in the form of seafloor roughness and subseafloor volume heterogeneity is defined using stochastic distributions with Gaussian autocorrelations. These distributions are quantified by their correlation lengths and standard deviation in amplitude. In order to incorporate all seafloor structure in a single parameterization of seafloor scattering, large-scale slope and wavelength-scale seafloor spatial parameters (rms height and correlation length), are included, along with the acoustic beam grazing-angle relative to a horizontal seafloor, in the definition of an 'effective grazing angle'. The Rayleigh roughness parameter, which depends on grazing angle of the insonification, is then redefined using the effective grazing angle and calculated for a variety of seafloor models. Scattering strengths are shown to vary systematically but nonlinearly with the 'effective Rayleigh roughness parameters' of horizontal rough seafloor models. This leads to an approximate interpretation scheme for backscatter intensity. In general, variation in backscattering is found to be dominated by the scattering from rough seafloor. If the seafloor is smooth or very low velocity (e.g., sediment), then scattering from volume heterogeneity becomes an important factor in the backscattered field. Both wavelength-scale seafloor roughness and volume heterogeneity are shown to be capable of producing the levels of variation in intensity observed in monostatic reverberation experiments. Variations in large-scale seafloor slope and subseafloor average velocity are shown to influence the backscatter response of seafloor models.
by Robert John Greaves.
Ph.D.
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Hassler, Deborah Renee 1961. "Plume-lithosphere interaction : geochemical evidence from upper mantle and lower crustal xenoliths from the Kerguelen Islands." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/54434.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Joint Program in Oceanography (Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences; and the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution), 1999.Includes bibliographical references.
This study is a geochemical investigation of the evolution of the Kerguelen plume, on the basis of upper mantle and lower crustal xenoliths. Ultramafic xenoliths include harzburgites predominant, a lherzolite, dunites and pyroxenites, whereas lower crustal xenoliths are cumulate gabbros recrystallized under granulite facies conditions. On the basis of the whole rock major element characteristics and trace element abundance patterns in clinopyroxenes, the harzburgites were found to be residues of extensive melting at high pressures within the Kerguelen plume. These were then recrystallized at low pressures and metasomatized by plume generated melts. Details of the metasomatic process were determined from trace element variations in clinopyroxene in connection to texture. This demonstrated that meltrock reaction and the precipitation of new clinopyroxenes occurred by metasomatic carbonatitic melts. It was also found that some of the harzburgites had distinctly unradiogenic Os isotopic compositions and were identified as originating from the sub-Gondwanaland lithosphere. On the basis of major and trace element compositions, the granulite xenoliths were found to be originally gabbroic cumulates formed from plume-derived basaltic melts emplaced at the base of the crust by underplating and subsequently recrystallized isobarically under granulite conditions. The Sr, Nd and Os isotopic compositions of the peridotite and granulite xenoliths demonstrate that the Kerguelen plume is isotopically heterogeneous and displays a temporal progression toward more enriched Sr and Nd isotopic compositions from the Ninetyeast Ridge to granulite xenoliths to Kerguelen basalts and Heard Island basalts.
by Deborah Renee Hassler.
Ph.D.
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Aluwihare, Lihini Indira. "High molecular weight (HMW) dissolved organic matter (DOM) in seawater : chemical structure, dources and cycling." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/53038.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Joint Program in Chemical Oceanography (Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences; and the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution), 1999.Includes bibliographical references.
The goal of this thesis was to use high resolution analytical techniques coupled with molecular level analyses to chemically characterize high molecular weight (> 1 k Da (HMW)) dissolved organic matter (DOM) isolated from seawater in an attempt to provide new insights in to the cycling of DOM in the ocean. While a variety of sites spanning different environments (fluvial, coastal and oceanic) and ocean basins were examined, the chemical structure of the isolated HMW DOM varied little at both the polymer and monomer levels. All samples show similar ratios of carbohydrate:acetate:lipid carbon (80±4:10±2:9±4) indicating that these biochemicals are present within a family of related polymers. The carbohydrate fraction shows a characteristic distribution of seven major neutral monosaccharides: rhamnose, fucose, arabinose, xylose, mannose, glucose and galactose; and additionally contains Nacetylated amino sugars as seen by Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy (NMR). This family of compounds, consisting of a specifically linked polysaccharide backbone that is acylated at several positions, has been termed acylated polysaccharides (APS) by our laboratory. APS accounts for 50% of the carbon in HMW DOM isolated from the surface ocean and 20% of the carbon in HMW DOM isolated from the deep ocean. In order to identify a possible source for APS three species of phytoplankton, Thalassiossira weissflogii, Emiliania huxleyi and Phaeocystis, were cultured in seawater and their HMW DOM exudates examined by variety of analytical techniques. Both the T. weissflogii and E. huxleyi exudates contain compounds that resemble APS indicating that phytoplankton are indeed a source of APS to the marine environment. Furthermore, the degradation of the T. weissflogii exudate by a natural assemblage of microorganisms indicates that the component resembling APS is more resistant to microbial degradation compared to other polysaccharides present in the culture. Molecular level analyses show the distribution of monosaccharides to be conservative in surface and deep waters suggesting that APS is present throughout the water column. In order to determine the mechanism by which APS is delivered to the deep ocean the [delta]14C value of APS in the deep ocean was compared to the A14C value of the dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) at the same depth. If the formation of deep water is the dominant mode of transport then both the DIC and APS will have similar [delta]14C values. However, if APS is injected into the deep ocean from particles or marine snow then the [delta]14C value of APS will be higher than the DIC at the same depth. Our results indicate that APS in the deep Pacific Ocean carries a modem [delta]14C value and is substantially enriched in 14C relative to the total HMW DOM and the DIC at that depth. Thus, particle dissolution appears to be the most important pathway for the delivery of APS to the deep ocean.
by Lihini I. Aluwihare.
Ph.D.
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Orozco-Espinel, Maria Camila. "L’économie, une discipline en quête d’autorité scientifique. États-Unis, 1932-1957." Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PSLEH087.
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Cette thèse étudie la manière dont les économistes ont cherché à asseoir l’autorité scientifique de leur discipline pendant la période autour de la Seconde Guerre mondiale aux États-Unis. La recherche montre comment la quête pour l’autorité de la science des économistes a façonné un nouveau corpus de notions et de concepts, d’instruments de contrôle et de procédures de calcul qui sont l’expression de l’économie même et qui, simultanément, a apporté à la discipline des bénéfices matériels et symboliques dans le monde universitaire et dans la sphère extra-académique. En s’établissant comme une forme de savoir à la fois abstrait, technique et empirique, l’économie s’est consolidée comme une discipline capable de produire des connaissances universelles, d’articuler le monde académique et la sphère pratique et a affirmé ses qualifications en tant que domaine appliqué impliqué dans la prise de décision politique. L’analyse se focalise sur trois des institutions au sommet de la discipline dans le monde universitaire étasunien : la Commission Cowles, le Département d’Économie du Massachusetts Institute of Technology et le Département d’Économie de l’Université de Chicago. En étudiant la standardisation du diplôme de doctorat en économie, cette enquête met de même en lumière la cristallisation d’un consensus comme étant à son tour liée à l’obtention du statut particulier de science. Inscrite dans une démarche d’histoire sociale des sciences, cette thèse est une contribution à l’étude des standards qui continuent aujourd’hui d’influencer la recherche, l’enseignement et l’activité professionnelle des économistesThis research studies how economists in the United States established the scientific authority of their discipline during the period around World War II. Concretely, our analysis shows how the economists’ quest for the authority of science shaped a new body of ideas and concepts, control instruments and computational procedures which defined the very essence of economics. Simultaneously these developments brought material and symbolic benefits to the discipline, inside and outside academia. By establishing itself as a type of knowledge which is at once abstract, technical and empirical, Economics consolidated as a discipline capable of producing universal knowledge, articulating the academic world and the practical sphere and establishing its qualifications as an applied domain for policy-making. Our analysis focuses on three top institutions in the US academic world: the Cowles Commission, the Economics Department of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, and the Department of Economics at the University of Chicago. By studying the standardization of the PhD program in Economics, this research also studies the process of reaching a consensus within the discipline as link to the quest for the special status of “science”. Rooted in the social history of science, this study contributes to the analysis of standards which influence today’s research, teaching and professional activity of economists
Esta tesis estudia cómo los economistas estadounidenses buscaron establecer la autoridad científica de su disciplina desde el principio de la década de 1930 hasta el periodo post Segunda Guerra Mundial. Concretamente, la investigación muestra cómo la búsqueda por la autoridad de la ciencia de los economistas dio forma a un nuevo cuerpo de nociones y conceptos, instrumentos de control y procedimientos de cálculo que se convirtieron en la expresión misma de la economía contemporánea. Y que, simultáneamente, también trajeron beneficios materiales y simbólicos a la disciplina, tanto dentro como fuera de la academia. Al establecerse como una forma de conocimiento a la vez abstracta, técnica y empírica, la economía logró consolidarse como una disciplina capaz de producir conocimiento universal, articulando el mundo académico y la esfera práctica y afirmar al mismo tiempo sus calificaciones como un dominio aplicado involucrado en la toma de decisiones políticas. El análisis se centra en tres de las principales instituciones del mundo académico de los Estados Unidos: la Comisión Cowles, el Departamento de Economía del Instituto de Tecnología de Massachusetts y el Departamento de Economía de la Universidad de Chicago. Al estudiar la estandarización del programa de doctorado en economía, esta investigación analiza la cristalización de un consenso en la disciplina como vinculado a la obtención del estatus especial de “ciencia”. Anclada en la historia social de la ciencia, esta tesis ofrece una contribución al estudio de los estándares que hoy continúan influenciando la investigación, la enseñanza y la actividad profesional de los economistas
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Steinebach, Mario, Katharina Thehos, Christine Häckel-Riffler, Antje Brabandt, Janine Mahler, Michael Chlebusch, Thomas Doriath, Nicole Leithold, and Carina Linne. "TU-Spektrum 2/2007, Magazin der Technischen Universität Chemnitz." Universitätsbibliothek Chemnitz, 2007. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:swb:ch1-200701511.
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Kataria, Sanjay, Manish Singh, and Akansha Chitkara. "DSpace@Jaypee Institute of Information Technology University Noida (UP) India: An Experience." 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/105850.
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This paper is to be presented at the Symposium on "DSpace Experience for Institutional and Organisation Repository" organised by HP Lab, India University Relations on August 21, 2007 at Gurgoan in the state of Haryana, India. The paper discusses the DSpace repository software implementation at JIIT University Noida in the state of Uttar Pradesh, India for the development of an Institutional Repository (IR), including the problems and challenges faced during the experiment with possible solutions. Screenshots highlight the customization, configuration, and integration activities with DSpace.
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Mkhize, Thandeka F. "The application of the viable systems model to the Durban Institute of Technology Library." Thesis, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10413/4414.
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Most institutions of higher learning in South Africa have had to merge because of the directive from the Department of Education enacted in the Higher Education Act of 1997, which aimed at restructuring the higher education sector. Academic libraries as departments within these institutions also had to merge as their parent organisations merged. The Durban Institute of Technology (DIT) became the first merged institution of higher learning in the country. The purpose of this study is to diagnose whether the merged DIT libraries are viable. This is tested by using the Viable Systems Model (VSM), which is based on cybernetic principles. This research project is meant to give a holistic view of the viability of the DIT libraries. Members of the library staff were asked through an interview process what their views were about the library. The interviews were semi-structured and were conducted individually so as to elicit detailed information from library staff about the library, its processes, procedures, structure and management. Observation and document analysis were also used to gather further information relevant to the study. The study concluded that the library does not have enough resources and there is confusion amongst members of the library staff about what the library goals are. Although the library does not have a single image and culture it is very active and is well represented in the Library and Information Services structures and within the DIT.Thesis (M.Com.)-University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, 2006.
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林明宏. "Personalized Information Service in Vocational College and Institute Libraries-A Case Study of National Taichung Institute of Technology-." Thesis, 2002. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/10945093391347871621.
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碩士國立中興大學
圖書資訊學研究所
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Along with development of Internet search engines, libraries worldwide show a trend to provide personalized information service for users. What with vocational colleges and institutes upgrading, their libraries face challenges in such personalized information service, which thus have been lacking in related studies. Methods of this study included literary analysis, questionnaire and system design. Questionnaires were administered to the faculty of National Taichung Institute of Technology in order to understand teachers'' information search channels and opinions on personalized information service. Finally, this study used ASP programming and SQL statements to analyze and construct a system offering this service and Auto-mail mechanism to enhance efficiency of library service and library usage rate. This study obtained the following conclusions: 1) as efficiency of SDI has not reached its full extent, library reader service is affected; 2) at this stage of inside operation, automated systems of the aforementioned libraries still lack personalized information service; 3) readers have high expectations of personalized information service; 4) library classification systems are suitable for registration of users’ profile in this type of service; and 5) once the system design now under study is complete, other vocational-technical libraries may undertake similar projects, using this one as a model. For further studies, it is suggested that the library industry establish keyword authority files for the registration of users’ profile and that automated systems be incorporated into personalized information service to better the quality of reader service.
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"Proceedings of the 8th MIT/ONR Workshop on C[3] Systems, held at Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, June 24 to 28, 1985." Laboratory for Information and Decision Systems, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/3488.
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Lehrich, Mark Jonathan. "A matter of science: the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and the transformation of American management education, 1950-1964." Thesis, 2016. https://hdl.handle.net/2144/17104.
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In 1950, General Motors chairman Alfred P. Sloan, Jr. approached MIT’s leaders about establishing a business school. The result was the School of Industrial Management (SIM), founded in 1952 and renamed in 1964 the MIT Sloan School of Management. During these early years the SIM’s leaders and faculty sought to create something extraordinary: a business school housed, grounded, and inspired by an institute of engi-neering and technology. They strived to apply new scientific techniques to the nascent field of industrial management and to American industrial firms that increasingly demanded rational, analytical, rigorously trained executives. They struggled to integrate the physical and social sciences into their education and research, helping to blaze a trail that long-established peers would not follow until the 1960s. And they strained to balance relevance with independence, colliding repeatedly with Sloan and other external advisors over a proper understanding of academic research, institutions, and cooperation with industry.
By 1964 these efforts had developed a school at the forefront of business education’s “new look.” But as the extensive archival records demonstrate, it was never inevitable that they would succeed. Only by ongoing experimentation and agile diplomacy did the School become (in the words of the 1951 Deed of Gift) “a great center of research and education in the field of industrial management.” And although they helped transform management education through integrated, scientifically based study and teaching, the SIM’s deans, faculty, and leaders never found complete consensus on the extent to which industrial management was, in Alfred Sloan’s words, “a matter of science.”2018-06-22T00:00:00Z
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Patnoe, Shelley. "The making of experimental social psychologists the creative legacy of Kurt Lewin /." 1986. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/13971417.html.
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"Proceedings of the third PHANToM Users Group Workshop : October 19-22, 1997, Endicott House, Dedham, MA, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA." Artificial Intelligence Laboratory and the Research Laboratory of Electronics at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/4135.
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"Proceedings of the Second PHANToM Users Group Workshop : October 19-22, 1997 : Endicott House, Dedham, MA, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA." Artificial Intelligence Laboratory and the Research Laboratory of Electronics at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/4141.
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Wiesenberger, Robert. "Print and Screen, Muriel Cooper at MIT." Thesis, 2018. https://doi.org/10.7916/D8VM5VC5.
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Muriel Cooper (1925–94) worked at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) for more than four decades as a graphic designer, an educator, and a researcher. Beginning in the early 1950s, she was the first designer in MIT’s Office of Publications, where she visualized the latest scientific research in print. In the late 1960s, she became the first Design and Media Director for the MIT Press, rationalizing its publishing protocols and giving form to some of the period’s most significant texts in the histories of art, design, and architecture, among other fields. In the mid-1970s, Cooper co-founded the Visible Language Workshop in MIT’s Department of Architecture. There she taught experimental printing and explored new imaging technologies in photography and video. And from the 1980s until her death, Cooper was a founding faculty member of the MIT Media Lab, where she turned her attention to the human-computer interface. Cooper helped cultivate a design culture at MIT. And before her premature death, she established some of the metaphors and mentored some of the designers that have shaped our contemporary digital landscape.
Few 20th century designers have made significant contributions in both print and digital media, or helped to navigate the epochal transition between the two. Yet Cooper, in designing and redesigning roles for herself within new fields at MIT, did just that. Over her career and across multiple media, Cooper’s concerns remained quite consistent: She focused on developing both design tools and user experiences that would provide greater control and quicker feedback, eventually to be aided by machine intelligence. She sought to create experiences that were dynamic rather than static and simultaneous rather than linear, ones that engaged multiple media and a range of human senses. Cooper applied her knowledge of print design to software, and considered print and the process of its production as a prototype for the experiences that she would seek on screen. She also borrowed freely from media such as photography and film to inspire some of the effects she would later explore in new media. Cooper’s career traced an arc, in her practice and her pedagogy, from a focus on objects to one on systems. And her relationship to the digital evolved from a set of effects to be emulated in other media to seeing the computer at first as a tool, then as an assistant, and finally, as the medium itself. At the same time, she participated in a broader shift during this period from the paradigm of the humanist subject to the digitally augmented, “posthuman” condition of the present. In her interests and her achievements, Cooper exceeded any traditional definition of a graphic designer. At the same time, her work has defined the present state of the field. This dissertation, the first dedicated to Cooper, charts her pathbreaking career at MIT while also shedding new light on vital moments in the history of art, design, architecture, and media in postwar America.
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Turner, Robin. "Open source as a tool for communal technology development: using appropriate technology criteria to determine the impact of open source technologies on communities as delivered through the Massachusetts Institute of Technology Fab Lab Projects." Thesis, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10539/8615.
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Abstract This paper aims to determine whether open source technologies are able to address community-specific needs more appropriately than proprietary equivalents and are therefore more relevant to the needs of the communities that create them. To this end, the paper argues that open source initiatives are not solely bound to the realm of software creation. An example of this is provided through a study of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology’s Fabrications Laboratories, or Fab Labs. Two studies of Fab Lab projects are used to determine the role that open source plays in the developing of appropriate technologies. Criteria for appropriate technologies are therefore discussed and the case studies are unpacked accordingly. To answer the central research question, this paper explores written theory, includes an analysis of the case studies, and presents personal interviews with team leaders that have conducted Fab Lab projects. It was found that an open source framework does indeed contribute towards effective appropriate technologies, and that the term open source may be applied to non-software specific technology creation. Because this paper has identified that open source is applicable to non-software situations, more research is necessary to explore this varied fields, especially in the development sphere.