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Journal articles on the topic 'Massachusetts Institution'
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1
Ross Hardesty, Jared. "An Ambiguous Institution: Slavery, the State, and the Law in Colonial Massachusetts." Journal of Early American History 3, no. 2-3 (2013): 154–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/18770703-00301002.
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This essay examines the impact the state had in shaping slavery in colonial Massachusetts. Like other parts of the early modern English-speaking world, there was no legal precedent for slavery, meaning that positive law had to enforce and define the institution. Even more problematic for Massachusetts, however, the colonial assembly passed few statutes regarding slavery, leaving it to the courts and town selectmen to govern slavery on an ad hoc and informal basis. As opposed to strict slave codes in the Southern colonies, the legally ambiguous status of slavery in Massachusetts allowed slaves to make use of a legal system that granted them the right to a fair trial and full legal recourse. By using the courts, then, African-Americans created an innovative and effective path to freedom by the late colonial period.
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KIM, SUKKOO. "Institutions and US regional development: a study of Massachusetts and Virginia." Journal of Institutional Economics 5, no. 2 (August 2009): 181–205. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1744137409001295.
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AbstractThe development of the American economy was accompanied by significant spatial income inequalities between the northern and southern regions. While many factors contributed to northern industrialization and southern stagnation, an important factor was differences in the region's institutions. In the North, a democratic institution fostered growth whereas in the South, oligarchic institutions favored status quo. To gain insights on the nature and causes of this divergence, this paper examines the development of political and legal institutions in Massachusetts and Virginia, the two leading states in the North and the South.
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Sbaratta, Philip. "Confessions from a Community College." Harvard Educational Review 55, no. 3 (September 1, 1985): 321–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.17763/haer.55.3.a103132u07864762.
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In this essay Philip Sbaratta reflects upon his interactions as a community college English instructor in Beverly, Massachusetts. These vignettes offer a poignant view of teaching in an institution that has a unique place in the American educational system.
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Gewin, Virginia. "Susan Avery, president and director, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, Massachusetts." Nature 450, no. 7169 (November 2007): 582. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nj7169-582a.
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Mort, Elizabeth, Jeffrey Bruckel, Karen Donelan, Lori Paine, Michael Rosen, David Thompson, Sallie Weaver, Daniel Yagoda, and Peter Pronovost. "Improving Health Care Quality and Patient Safety Through Peer-to-Peer Assessment: Demonstration Project in Two Academic Medical Centers." American Journal of Medical Quality 32, no. 5 (October 23, 2016): 472–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1062860616673709.
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Despite decades of investment in patient safety, unintentional patient harm remains a major challenge in the health care industry. Peer-to-peer assessment in the nuclear industry has been shown to reduce harm. The study team’s goal was to pilot and assess the feasibility of this approach in health care. The team developed tools and piloted a peer-to-peer assessment at 2 academic hospitals: Massachusetts General Hospital and Johns Hopkins Hospital. The assessment evaluated both the institutions’ organizational approach to quality and safety as well as their approach to reducing 2 specific areas of patient harm. Site visits were completed and consisted of semistructured interviews with institutional leaders and clinical staff as well as direct patient observations using audit tools. Reports with recommendations were well received and each institution has developed improvement plans. The study team believes that peer-to-peer assessment in health care has promise and warrants consideration for wider adoption.
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Smith, Joshua M. "The Yankee Soldier's Might: The District of Maine and the Reputation of the Massachusetts Militia, 1800–1812." New England Quarterly 84, no. 2 (June 2011): 234–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/tneq_a_00088.
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In post-Revolutionary Massachusetts, the militia was a well-respected institution. So when the commonwealth expanded into the far-flung District of Maine, Jeffersonians and Federalists battled one another for the plum. As external forces bred internal dissent, the militia fell into disarray just as the country drifted toward another war with England.
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Baker, Gabrielle M., M. Angelica Selim, and Mai P. Hoang. "Vulvar Adnexal Lesions: A 32-Year, Single-Institution Review From Massachusetts General Hospital." Archives of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine 137, no. 9 (September 1, 2013): 1237–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.5858/arpa.2012-0434-oa.
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Context.—Because the skin and modified mucosal surfaces of the vulvar region contain dense apocrine glands and anogenital mammary-like glands, in addition to eccrine glands and folliculosebaceous units, benign as well as malignant lesions derived from these adnexal structures are, not surprisingly, found in the vulva. However, their incidence occurring in the vulva has not been reported, to our knowledge. Objective.—To determine the incidence of various vulvar adnexal lesions. Design.—We performed a retrospective review (1978–2010) of the cases at our institution. Results.—A total of 189 vulvar adnexal lesions were identified. Most of these lesions were benign (133 of 189; 70%), with hidradenoma papilliferum being the most common, followed by syringoma and various types of cysts. Rare cases of tubular adenoma, poroma, spiradenoma, hidradenoma, cylindroma, sebaceoma, and trichoepithelioma were identified. Malignant adnexal neoplasms comprised the remaining 30% (56 of 189) of the cases. Extramammary Paget disease was the most common (49 of 56), and 29% (14 of 49) demonstrated an invasive component. Rare cases of basal cell carcinoma, sebaceous carcinoma, apocrine carcinoma, adenoid cystic carcinoma, and spiradenocarcinoma were identified. Conclusions.—In this retrospective review, we identified several benign entities that have not been previously reported on the vulva, namely pilomatricoma, poroma, spiradenoma, and sebaceoma. Hidradenoma papilliferum and extramammary Paget disease were the most common benign and malignant adnexal neoplasms, respectively. The spectrum of various vulvar adnexal lesions appears to reflect the frequency of the underlying glandular elements.
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Stanton, Timothy K. "Joint graduate education program: Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 136, no. 4 (October 2014): 2187. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/1.4899924.
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OKA, Noriko. "Educational Reform in the Perkins Institution and Massachusetts Asylum for the Blind : Music Education." Japanese Journal of Special Education 40, no. 6 (2003): 689–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.6033/tokkyou.40.689.
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Unwin, Patrick R., and Robert W. Unwin. "Humphry Davy and the Royal Institution of Great Britain." Notes and Records of the Royal Society 63, no. 1 (July 28, 2008): 7–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsnr.2008.0010.
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The abortive attempts of Sir Humphry Davy to introduce modest reforms at the Royal Society of London during his Presidency (1820–27) contrast with his (largely unstudied) earlier experience of administration at the Royal Institution of Great Britain (RI). Davy's attempts to combat the systemic weaknesses in governance and funding, and his role in effecting changes at the RI, in association with a core group of reformers, merit consideration. This paper analyses important aspects of the early management and social structure of the RI and examines the inner workings of the institution. It shows how and why the Library, its most valuable financial asset, and its celebrated Laboratory, developed along distinctive lines, each with its own support structures and intra-institutional interests. While acknowledging the roles traditionally ascribed to Count Rumford and Sir Joseph Banks, the paper highlights the contributions of other early patrons such as Thomas Bernard, son of a colonial governor of Massachusetts, and Earl Spencer, a leading European bibliophile and RI President from 1813 to 1825. The promotion of a Bill in Parliament in 1810, designed to transform the RI from a proprietary body politic into a corporation of members, and the subsequent framing of the bye-laws, provided opportunities to establish a more democratic structure of elected committees for the conduct of science.
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Cole, Barry L. "The Challenge of Preserving the Artifacts of Optometric History." Hindsight: Journal of Optometry History 50, no. 3 (August 7, 2019): 66–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.14434/hindsight.v50i3.27564.
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This paper looks at optometry museums around the world. There are only five general optometry museums: three are hosted by optometric institutions in three countries, Australia, Britain and the U.S.A., one is hosted by a Canadian university that has an optometry school, and one is in private hands in Southbridge, Massachusetts. They are supplemented by six excellent corporate museums in France, Germany and Italy, but these museums focus on either spectacles or ophthalmic instruments, rather than optometry in general. Two of the optometry museums were founded over 100 years ago, and two have had their 50th birthday, but can they survive forever? Museums are expected to preserve collections for posterity for the edification and enjoyment of future generations, yet all institutions are at risk of disruption: few institutions last more than a couple of hundred years. This paper discusses strategies optometry museums might pursue to guard against mismanagement and neglect and provide for the protection of their collections in the event of the demise of the museum or its host institution.
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Gagen, Travis M. "AGING IN COMMUNITY: A LEGAL MAPPING ANALYSIS OF MASSACHUSETTS MUNICIPAL ACCESSORY DWELLING UNIT ZONING BYLAWS." Innovation in Aging 3, Supplement_1 (November 2019): S250—S251. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igz038.939.
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Abstract Accessory-dwelling units (ADUs) are one alternative housing arrangement that enable older adults to remain in the home despite functional decline. Functional decline increases with age making older adults more susceptible to loosing independent housing. Involuntary relocation to institutional care can result in a decline of functional health, reduced life satisfaction, impairment of psychological well-being and increased mortality rate. The majority of older Americans (93%) wish to remain in their home for as long as possible. ADUs function to maintain, stimulate and support an older adult as a means to prevent relocation to an institution. The modified environment coupled with adaptable features maintains and supports activities of daily living (ADL) within a familiar place. Under Massachusetts law MGL c. 40A, the state gives authority to cities and towns to adopt ordinances and bylaws to regulate the use of land, buildings and structures. Restrictive zoning laws limit the ability to construct health-promoting built-environments to age-in-community. All 351 Massachusetts municipalities Accessory Dwelling Unit (ADU) zoning bylaws were coded using the ADU Friendliness Score. Once scored, the 351 municipalities were placed into four categories based off their ADU score; the four categories are poor (0-24), fair (25-49), good (50-74), and excellent (75-100). Eighty-nine municipalities (25%) are in the poor category; thirty municipalities (8.5%) are in the fair category; one hundred and eighty-five municipalities (53%) are in the good category; forty-seven municipalities (13.5%) are in the excellent category. These findings contributed to a model ADU bylaw specific for aging Americans for municipalities to adopt.
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Schmidt, Christopher R. "STATE LEVEL MECHANISMS FOR LEARNING FROM WHISTLEBLOWING CASES AT INSTITUTIONS OF HIGHER EDUCATION IN THE UNITED STATES." Problems of Management in the 21st Century 11, no. 1 (June 25, 2016): 43–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.33225/pmc/16.11.43.
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State level mechanisms for soliciting, validating, and learning from whistleblower claims of fraud, theft, or misconduct against public colleges and universities are explored in four US states: California, Massachusetts, Michigan, and Ohio. Sequential public information requests were used to understand the methods that were used in each state, the types of claims that each state experienced, and to understand their processes for learning from such claims. The types of claims, breadth of scope that the claims span, and disposition of the claims is used to characterize each state’s approach and compare and contrast results with other states in the sample. There was a wide variation in responses and approaches used in each state. Varying from no information solicited or maintained (Michigan) to full histories that include case level detail (Ohio), excellent multi-year case tracking and reporting (California) to the voluminous tracking of every property loss or damage in every institution (Massachusetts). An organic rubric is developed and used to compare and contrast the responses and service level provided by each of the states. Although anonymous whistleblower claims are essential to the governance and administration of higher education, state level mechanisms vary widely in their approaches to administering this process and ensuring better future outcomes. Establishing a standard based upon best practices would ensure that institutions are making the best use of all information available to them to improve their immunity from employee fraud and theft and misconduct. Key words: internal controls, internal audit, higher education, whistleblowing, organizational learning, performance based funding, state administration of higher education.
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Giuliari, G. P., P. Y. Chang, P. Thakuria, D. M. Hinkle, and C. S. Foster. "Pars plana vitrectomy in the management of paediatric uveitis: the Massachusetts eye research and surgery Institution experience." Eye 24, no. 1 (January 2010): 7–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/eye.2009.294.
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Greenlees, Janet. "‘For the Convenience and Comfort of the Persons Employed by them’: The Lowell Corporation Hospital, 1840–1930." Medical History 57, no. 1 (January 2013): 45–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/mdh.2012.80.
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AbstractThe first industrial hospital in America opened in 1840 in Lowell, Massachusetts. The Lowell Corporation Hospital was sponsored by the town’s textile employers for ninety years. This article analyses the contextual complications surrounding the employers’ sustained funding of the hospital. Motivations for sustained sponsorship included paternalism, clinical excellence, business custom, the labour situation in Lowell, civic duty and the political advantages of paternalism. By analysing the changing local context of the hospital, this article argues that a broader, more integrated approach to healthcare histories and institution histories is needed if we are to fully understand the myriad of healthcare providers and their local and national importance.
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Lavery, Andone C. "Graduate studies in Ocean Acoustics in the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution Joint Program." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 136, no. 4 (October 2014): 2200. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/1.4899976.
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Giuliari, G. P., P. Y. Chang, P. Thakuria, D. M. Hinkle, and C. S. Foster. "Erratum: Pars plana vitrectomy in the management of paediatric uveitis: the Massachusetts Eye Research and Surgery Institution experience." Eye 24, no. 5 (May 2010): 946. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/eye.2010.38.
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Lavery, Andone C. "Graduate studies in Acoustical Oceanography in the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution Joint Program." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 145, no. 3 (March 2019): 1706. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/1.5101252.
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Hash, Phillip M. "George F. Root’s Normal Musical Institute, 1853–1885." Journal of Research in Music Education 60, no. 3 (September 18, 2012): 267–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022429412455202.
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George F. Root, Lowell Mason, and William B. Bradbury opened the New York Normal Musical Institute in April of 1853 in New York City. Each term lasted about three months and provided the first long-term preparation program for singing-school masters, church choir directors, private instructors, and school music teachers in the United States. Students at the institute studied pedagogy, voice culture, music theory, and choral literature and had the opportunity to take private lessons with prominent musicians and teachers. The Normal Musical Institute relocated to North Reading, Massachusetts, in 1856 and, in 1860, began meeting in various cities throughout the country. In 1872, the school became the National Normal Musical Institute and continued under this name until its final season in Elmira, New York, in 1885. This study was designed to examine the history of this institution in relation to its origin, details of operation, pedagogy and curriculum, prominent students and faculty, and influence on music education. Data included articles from music periodicals and newspapers, pamphlets and catalogs from the institution, biographies of prominent participants, and other primary and secondary sources.
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Reheilo, Iryna. "Institutional and Professional Values of the US Universities’ Academic Staff." International Scientific Journal of Universities and Leadership, no. 8 (November 20, 2019): 63–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.31874/2520-6702-2019-8-2-63-77.
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The problem of value priorities in the US universities is actualized in the paper; they traditionally show high ranking positions and make the majority among the best higher education institutions in the international education and research areas. The fundamental institutional values of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Stanford University, California Institute of Technology, Harvard University and University of Wisconsin-Whitewater are revealed aimed at implementing the best American universities experience for the development of higher education system and its quality in Ukraine. It is proven that American universities function on the basis of their own academic values and have their own culture and philosophy in addition to the established institutional values, such as institutional autonomy, academic freedom and shared governance. Consolidating the mission, vision and priorities of higher education institution development the institutional values reflect the peculiarities of the university’s activities and project the moral ideal of behavior of academic staff, students and graduates, who confirm to stakeholders their competitiveness at the labor market. It is revealed that a key and integral part of professional values in the US universities is academic freedom though which historically and traditionally the defense of democratic values is considered. It is grounded that academic freedom in the American university society is a prerequisite for developing knowledge, conducting research and publishing their results, it also causes the social and institutional responsibility, in particular for compliance with ethical standards of conduct and principles of integrity. It is reveled that the practical realization of the American professor’s right for academic freedom is the right for tenured appointment, which makes it possible to work without the administrative pressure and the risk to be fired because of his unpopular views and statements. It is established that the American Association of University Professors is the founder of the American understanding of academic freedom and the advocate of the universities’ academic staff rights, including their tenure.
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Park, Jong Chul, Lori J. Wirth, John R. Clark, Julia Durbeck, Won Jin Ho, Karim Boudadi, and Hyunseok Kang. "Immune checkpoint inhibitor in nasopharyngeal carcinoma: Multi-institution experience." Journal of Clinical Oncology 38, no. 15_suppl (May 20, 2020): 6538. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2020.38.15_suppl.6538.
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6538 Background: The current standard treatment for unresectable recurrent/metastatic (R/M) nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is cytotoxic chemotherapy but prognosis remains poor. Recent phase I-II trials of anti-PD-1 therapy (aPD-1) have demonstrated promising activity in R/M NPC, but the published experience is primarily limited to Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) positive tumors in the Asian population. Here we report our three institutional real-world experience with aPD-1 in patients (pts) with R/M NPC. Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted after IRB approval at the Massachusetts General, Johns Hopkins, and University California San Francisco Hospitals. Demographic and clinical data was collected on pts with R/M NPC who received aPD-1 at the participating institutions. Objective response rate (ORR) was the primary outcome of interest and progression free survival (PFS) and overall survival were secondary outcomes. Univariate and multivariate analyses were conducted to assess association between clinicopathologic factors and outcomes, using logistic regression models. Results: A total of 36 pts were identified: 20 pts were treated with pembrolizumab and 16 with nivolumab. Median age was 50 (15-74). Twenty-nine (81%) were male. Twenty pts (56%) were Asian. Twenty-nine pts (81%) had EBV positive disease. Nine (25%) had aPD-1 as first-line therapy (1L). Molecular profiling results were available in 16 pts: TP53 mutation was the most common alteration (25%) and was limited to EBV negative tumors. Median total mutational burden (TMB) was 3/Mb (1-28). Median PD-L1 expression was 10% (0-90). Median follow up was 13.9 months (mos). Objective response was evaluable in all 36 pts: 9 pts achieved objective response (ORR 25.0%, 95% CI 12.1-42.2) with 2 complete responses: EBV positive vs. negative (27.6% vs. 14.2%, P=0.472), Asian vs. non-Asian (25% vs. 25%, P=1.000), and 1L vs. >1L (33.3% vs. 22.2%, P=0.511). Thirteen pts had stable disease (disease control rate 61.1%). Responses were seen in both TMB high (28/Mb) and low (1/Mb) tumors and no association with PD-L1 expression was observed. One-year survival rate was 81.3%. EBV positive pts had a trend towards better survival (84.8 vs. 66.7, P=0.640). Median PFS was 5.5 mos and not different between EBV positive vs. negative pts (5.6 vs. 4.0 mos, P=0.919). Conclusions: Our multi-institutional real-world experience with checkpoint inhibitor therapy in R/M NPC confirms that a similar degree of activity is seen as reported in the phase I-II experience in diverse races, but efficacy seems more prominent in EBV positive disease.
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Oh, Jeeheh, Maggie Makar, Christopher Fusco, Robert McCaffrey, Krishna Rao, Erin E. Ryan, Laraine Washer, et al. "A Generalizable, Data-Driven Approach to Predict Daily Risk ofClostridium difficileInfection at Two Large Academic Health Centers." Infection Control & Hospital Epidemiology 39, no. 4 (March 26, 2018): 425–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/ice.2018.16.
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OBJECTIVEAn estimated 293,300 healthcare-associated cases ofClostridium difficileinfection (CDI) occur annually in the United States. To date, research has focused on developing risk prediction models for CDI that work well across institutions. However, this one-size-fits-all approach ignores important hospital-specific factors. We focus on a generalizable method for building facility-specific models. We demonstrate the applicability of the approach using electronic health records (EHR) from the University of Michigan Hospitals (UM) and the Massachusetts General Hospital (MGH).METHODSWe utilized EHR data from 191,014 adult admissions to UM and 65,718 adult admissions to MGH. We extracted patient demographics, admission details, patient history, and daily hospitalization details, resulting in 4,836 features from patients at UM and 1,837 from patients at MGH. We used L2 regularized logistic regression to learn the models, and we measured the discriminative performance of the models on held-out data from each hospital.RESULTSUsing the UM and MGH test data, the models achieved area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC) values of 0.82 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.80–0.84) and 0.75 ( 95% CI, 0.73–0.78), respectively. Some predictive factors were shared between the 2 models, but many of the top predictive factors differed between facilities.CONCLUSIONA data-driven approach to building models for estimating daily patient risk for CDI was used to build institution-specific models at 2 large hospitals with different patient populations and EHR systems. In contrast to traditional approaches that focus on developing models that apply across hospitals, our generalizable approach yields risk-stratification models tailored to an institution. These hospital-specific models allow for earlier and more accurate identification of high-risk patients and better targeting of infection prevention strategies.Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol2018;39:425–433
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Altschuler, Sari. "Touching The Scarlet Letter : What Disability History Can Teach Us about Literature." American Literature 92, no. 1 (March 1, 2020): 91–122. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/00029831-8056602.
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Abstract This essay demonstrates the value of disability history for literary and cultural studies. It develops historical cripistemology as a method through which to examine the historical experiences and epistemologies, rather than representations, of disability in particular times and places and emphasizes the vast and varied entanglements of those experiences and epistemologies with mainstream US culture. To do so, “Touching The Scarlet Letter” turns to perhaps the most canonical American novel to show how returning disability history to a text—here Nathaniel Hawthorne’s connections to and interest in blind education as well as the extensive cultural influence of the Perkins Institution and Massachusetts School for the Blind in the 1840s and 1850s—can reframe fundamental aspects of our analyses, such as how we understand reading and interpretation. In so doing, this essay argues for and begins to uncover a hidden disability history of US literature and culture.
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Carty, Matthew, Christiana E. Toomey, Evan Farkash, James W. May, James S. Michaelson, Jeffrey A. Barnes, Jeremy S. Abramson, and Ephraim P. Hochberg. "Breast Implant Associated Anaplastic Large Cell Lymphoma Is More Frequent and Lethal Than Previously Reported." Blood 116, no. 21 (November 19, 2010): 4760. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v116.21.4760.4760.
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Abstract Abstract 4760 Background: Anaplastic large cell lymphoma (ALCL) is a rare disease, comprising 2–3% of all non-Hodgkin lymphomas. Case reports of seroma associated ALCL of the breast in association with silicone breast implants have appeared in the literature since 1997, but no data on the incidence of this complication has been reported. We use three case reports, including two previously published, in conjunction with data derived from three separate entities of Partners HealthCare (Brigham and Women's Hospital; Massachusetts General Hospital; Faulkner Hospital) to establish an incidence estimate for this rare entity. Methods: Individual cases were identified by pathologists, surgeons and medical oncologists. We compared a list of patients from the institutions’ Cancer Registries, with the results of a query we ran on an institution-internal query tool. For MGH patients only, we were also able to compare cancers revealed through a natural language processing search result of institutional pathology reports. Two of the cases were in the overlap of Cancer Registry data, and query results. One case was not contained within these results as it was omitted from the Cancer Registry. Case Presentations: Case 1 was surgically treated for breast cancer and reconstruction at New England Medical Center. At an unknown time relative to her breast cancer and tissue expander placement, she received a McGhan 210 cc textured silicone implant to her left breast. At time of rupture this implant was replaced with a 270 cc McGhan textured silicone implant filled to 295 cc at Newton Wellesley Hospital (NWH). Her surgical course was complicated by recurrent seroma, and she was eventually switched to Mentor smooth implant, with 275 cc implant on the right and 375 filled to 425 cc on the left. However, a biopsy of tissue at the time of this implant revealed ALK-negative ALCL in the left breast. Implants were removed at NWH and she was treated at Massachusetts General Hospital (MGH). After 3 cycles of chemotherapy (CHOP plus radiation) she remains in CR now at 18 months after treatment. Case 2 presented at Brigham and Women's Hospital (BWH) after a surgically treated right breast cancer with recurrence and reconstruction with a McGhan 270 cc textured saline implant. In 2000 the patient presented with erythema at surgical site of her cancer and a biopsy confirmed ALCL. Due to age the patient was treated with radiation alone and this induced a sustained remission of her ALCL. Case 3 originally had bilateral augmentation mammoplasty in 1974 with bilateral McGhan 270cc textured saline implants. She presented at Northwest Medical Center in 2007 with what appeared to be an abscess at her left implant site but was positive for ALCL when biopsied. She was treated with CHOP and radiation at that institution. She recurred in 2008 in the right breast and presented to BWH for treatment. She received ESHAP, then radiation, then gemcitabine, cisplatin, and dexamethasone; despite these treatments, her disease progressed and the patient died this year. Results: A query of the comprehensive electronic health database of the Partners hospitals (RPDR) revealed 9,941 patients at our institutions, who had undergone full or partial reconstruction of the breast, or removal of a breast implant or tissue expander from 1992–2009. Database queries revealed 5778 patients at MGH, 4,968 at BWH, and 4780 at Faulkner Hospital (FH) with non-Hodgkin lymphoma. Cancer Registry data revealed 18 ALCL patients (4 women) at MGH, 73 ALCL patients (24 women) at BWH and 2 ALCL patients at FH (1 woman). Of our three cases one was treated entirely within our core healthcare system, one was referred from another Partners Institution (NWH) and one was referred for tertiary care of her lymphoma. Incidence is established as 2 cases of implant-associated ALCL per 9941 patients or 0.02%. Implant-associated disease comprises 3.2% of all ALCL cases and 10% of ALCLs presenting among women. Conclusions: Incidence of breast implant-associated ALCL may be more common than the rare case reports suggest. Evaluation of late complications of breast implant such as chronic seroma or abscess with consideration of this disease may improve case recognition. The fatality as a result of systemic dissemination of this disease has not previously been reported. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
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Elliott, Emory. "The puritan heritage and current economic attitudes in America." Estudos Germânicos 8, no. 1 (December 31, 1987): 43. http://dx.doi.org/10.17851/0101-837x.8.1.43-51.
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This essay sustains that the contemporary economic yearnings of American society are deeply rooted in seventeenth century Puritan Massachusetts — a cultural heritage which the people are unwilling and perhaps unable to abandon.The author identifies five of the most firmly-held assumptions as a beginning for the study of cultural values and economics in the United States today: 1. The assumption that America has a special, divinely ordained role as a world leader — exemplar of democratic ideals; 2. An assumption that those in power and authority should be willing to sacrifice something for the common good; 3. A sense of pride in the product itself and identity with the institution; 4. A sense of certain independence from the employer based on the integrity of the individual; 5. The assumption that individuals and institutions adhere to a set of shared moral principles. The essay concludes that the strengths of the Protestant ethic which have become part of the national ideology have begun to produce more barriers than benefits to progress and that what is urgently needed in the United States today is creative and imaginative leadership. Este artigo sustenta que os anseios econômicos contemporâneos da sociedade americana estão profundamente arraigados na Massachusetts puritana do século dezessete — herança cultural da qual o povo não quer e talvez não consiga se libertar.O autor apresenta cinco das pressuposições mais enraizadas, como ponto de partida para o estudo dos valores culturais e econômicos dos Estados Unidos de hoje: 1. A suposição de que os Estados Unidos representam um papel conferido por Deus, como líder mundial — modelo dos ideais democráticos; 2. Uma suposição de que os detentores do poder e as autoridades deveriam estar dispostos ao sacrifício pelo bem comum; 3. Um sentimento de orgulho por aquilo que produzem e identificação com a instituição; 4. Um sentido de certa independência do empregador, baseado na integridade do indivíduo; 5. A suposição de que os indivíduos e as instituições são fiéis a um conjunto geral de princípios morais. O artigo conclui que a força da ética protestante, que é parte da ideologia americana, passou a gerar mais obstáculos do que benefícios para o progresso, e que os Estados Unidos de hoje precisam urgentemente de liderança imaginativa e criadora.
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schinto, jeanne. "The Walpole Society Goes to Dinner." Gastronomica 8, no. 4 (2008): 34–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/gfc.2008.8.4.34.
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This is a profile of Edna Greenwood (1888-1972) who today is considered one of our first important collectors of American antiques, as well as our country's first significant collectors of culinaria. Whether she or anyone around her realized it at the time, she may have been our first American culinary historian of sorts. Beside being a mini-biography, this is also the story of an 18th-century-style dinner that Greenwood served one night in September 1946 to members of the Walpole Society, an exclusive all-male antiques-collector club founded in 1910 and still in existence. The meal took place at her restored Time Stone Farm in Marlborough, Massachusetts, where she and her family lived for decades without electricity and other conveniences. The narrative includes a description of the food and thumbnails of the guests (Henry du Pont was one). The epilogue discusses how her pioneering collections came to rest at the Smithsonian Institution.
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Rossler, Michael T., Cara E. Rabe-Hemp, Meghan Peuterbaugh, and Charles Scheer. "Influence of Gender on Perceptions of Barriers to a Police Patrol Career." Police Quarterly 23, no. 3 (March 4, 2020): 368–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1098611120907870.
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Policing as an institution has been under immense pressure to increase the representation of women as police patrol officers. As the representation of women in policing has plateaued, increasing research has focused on barriers to women entering patrol work but has not examined the salience of these barriers with respect to males or reliably determined which barriers are most influential to desire to enter a police patrol career prior to employment. Drawing upon survey responses from more than 640 students enrolled in criminal justice courses across five universities (i.e., University of Southern Mississippi, Illinois State University, University of Massachusetts-Lowell, Indiana University-Purdue University Indiana, and Missouri State University), the current inquiry examines the degree to which female and male students differ in their perceptions of barriers to entering a patrol career frequently listed in the literature. The findings indicate that female students view many of these obstacles differently than male students and that these perceptions influence interest in patrol careers.
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Giuliari, GianPaolo, David M. Hinkle, and C. Stephen Foster. "The Spectrum of Fundus Autofluorescence Findings in Birdshot Chorioretinopathy." Journal of Ophthalmology 2009 (2009): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2009/567693.
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Objective. To describe the diverse patterns observed with the use of autofluorescence fundus photography (FAF) in patients with Birdshot chorioretinopathy (BSCR).Methods. A chart review of patients with BSCR seen at the Massachusetts Eye Research and Surgery Institution, who had autofluorescence fundus photography. The data obtained included age, gender, presence of the HLA-A29 haplotype, and current treatment.Results. Eighteen eyes with HLA-A29 associated BSCR were included. Four eyes presented with active inflammation. Correspondence of the lesions noted in the colour fundus photograph was observed in 3 eyes which were more easily identified with the FAF. Fifteen eyes had fundus lesions more numerous and evident in the FAF than in the colour fundus photograph.Conclusion. Because FAF testing provides valuable insight into the metabolic state of the PR/RPE-complex, it may serve as a useful noninvasive assessment tool in patients with posterior uveitis in which the outer retina-RPE-choriocapillaries-complex is involved.
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Longpré, Nicholas, Jean-Pierre Guay, and Raymond A. Knight. "MTC Sadism Scale: Toward a Dimensional Assessment of Severe Sexual Sadism With Behavioral Markers." Assessment 26, no. 1 (October 23, 2017): 70–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1073191117737377.
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Sadism was initially described as the experience of sexual pleasure produced by acts of cruelty and bodily punishment. Sadism was conceptualized as if sadists were fundamentally different from nonsadists. Recent studies have suggested that sadism is distributed as a dimension rather than as a category. The aim of the current study was to assess the psychometric properties the MTC Sexual Sadism Scale. Our analyses were conducted on a sample of 486 sexual offenders assessed at a correctional institution in Massachusetts. In summary, the results indicate that the MTC Sexual Sadism Scale possesses good psychometric properties for the dimensional assessment of severe sexual sadism with behavioral markers. Moreover, the scale captures a wide range of intensity of sadism among sexual offenders. These results are consistent with prior research and support the current consensus to move toward a dimensional interpretation of sadism. Implications both for clinical assessment and for research on the development of sadism are discussed.
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Minto, Thomas, Nicholas Bullock, and Gareth Brown. "Top 100 most influential manuscripts in erectile dysfunction." Urologia Journal 88, no. 3 (February 25, 2021): 175–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0391560321993559.
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Erectile dysfunction (ED) is a common condition encountered by an array of subspecialists and is the most cited research topic within the field of andrology. This bibliometric analysis aims to identify the most influential papers that inform current clinical practice and likely shape future research. The Thompson Reuters Web of Science citation database was interrogated using search terms to cover the breadth of erectile dysfunction. Results were ranked according to citation number with country of origin, journal, topic, year of publication, author and institution also analysed. The search criteria matched 12,570 manuscripts. The top 100 highest citation ranged from 3013 to 161 (median 229.5). The most cited manuscript reports the prevalence and risk factors of ED within the Massachusetts Male Aging Study. The most manuscripts were published by the Journal of Urology ( n = 15) with a total of 7913 citations. Institutions from the USA contributed the majority ( n = 55) with the UK ( n = 14) second. The most common theme represented was epidemiology ( n = 46) followed by treatment ( n = 27). This analysis provides a list of the most influential manuscripts within ED and illustrates what can be considered a ‘highly citable’ paper. The most influential papers in Erectile Dysfunction remain seminal works from the end of the last century. The most cited manuscript has been cited 194 times in the last 17 months showing its continued value. Only one paper published within the last decade has reached the top twenty exemplifying the relative lack of novel influential publications.
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Yoon, Soo Jeong, Dae Young Yoon, Kyoung Ja Lim, Ji Yoon Moon, Su Jin Hong, Sora Baek, and Eun Joo Yun. "The 100 top-cited articles focused on magnetic resonance: a bibliometric analysis." Acta Radiologica 60, no. 6 (August 15, 2018): 710–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0284185118795325.
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Background The number of citations that an article has received can be used to evaluate its impact on a particular research area. Purpose The aim of this study was to identify and characterize the 100 top-cited articles focused on magnetic resonance (MR). Material and Methods We determined the 100 top-cited articles on MR via the Scopus database, using the search term. The following information was recorded for each article: year of publication; journal title; impact factor of journal; number of citations; number of annual citations; authorship; department; institution; country; type of article; topic; MR protocol; and disease. Results The number of citations for the 100 top-cited articles was in the range of 898–5679 (median = 1342.5) and the number of annual citations was in the range of 19.7–372.4 (median = 60.9). The 100 top-cited articles were published in 46 journals, led by Magnetic Resonance in Medicine (n = 13). The majority of articles were published in 1990–1999 (n = 53), originated in the United States (n = 69), were original articles (n = 81), and dealt with the clinical application of MR (n = 57). The Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital (n = 5) was the leading institution. The majority of articles did not use any specific protocol (n = 51) and was not associated with any specific disease (n = 56). Conclusion Our study presents a detailed list and analysis of the 100 top-cited articles on MR, which provides an insight into historical development in this field.
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Bouberhan, Sara, Jill S. Hyde, McKenzie Foxall, Richard T. Penson, and Rebecca Christian Arend. "Metronomic cyclophosphamide and bevacizumab for the treatment of recurrent gynecologic carcinosarcoma: A multi-institution, retrospective study." Journal of Clinical Oncology 39, no. 15_suppl (May 20, 2021): 5532. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2021.39.15_suppl.5532.
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5532 Background: The recent findings from the GOG 261 trial established carboplatin and paclitaxel as the standard first-line therapy for advanced gynecologic carcinosarcoma (GCS). Response rates to alternative regimens are limited, and the optimal chemotherapy for later line treatment of gynecologic carcinosarcoma has not yet been determined. The objective of this retrospective study is to report clinical response to treatment regimens for patients with GCS treated at 2 large academic referral comprehensive cancer centers. Methods: This multi-institution, retrospective analysis identified patients with recurrent GCS treated between January 1, 2015 and August 1, 2020 at the Massachusetts General Hospital and the University of Alabama O’Neal Comprehensive Cancer Center. All eligible patients received platinum/taxane as their first-line treatment regimen and were subsequently treated for recurrent disease. Subsequent treatment strategies were investigated. Objective responses were determined based on the clinical radiologist’s interpretation. Time on treatment (TOT) and treatment toxicity were identified for each subject. Given the small number of patients in this series, descriptive statistics were employed. Results: 29 patients met inclusion criteria. 15 patients had recurrent uterine carcinosarcoma, and 14 patients had recurrent ovarian carcinosarcoma. The most commonly used treatment regimens were: liposomal doxorubicin (PLD)/bevacizumab (ORR: 13%; Range TOT: 2-7 months), metronomic oral cyclophosphamide (MOC)/bevacizumab (ORR: 17%; Range TOT: 1-18 months), weekly paclitaxel/bevacizumab (ORR 60%; Range TOT: 3-18.5 months), liposomal doxorubicin (PLD) (ORR: 0%; Range TOT: 1-3 months), and weekly paclitaxel (ORR: 33%; Range TOT: 4.5-5.5). All regimens were generally well tolerated, and only 3 patients discontinued treatment due to toxicity concerns. Conclusions: In summary, in our cohort of gynecologic carcinosarcoma patients, the most active regimen (defined by mean TOT) was paclitaxel/bevacizumab, but prolonged TOT was also observed in the patients treated with MOC/bevacizumab. Given the rarity and aggressive nature of this tumor, further studies into optimal second line chemo (and beyond) are warranted; although, the combination of MOC/bevacizumab should be considered given the tolerability and the duration of treatment in this patient population.
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M Welsh, Emily, and Alexis R Abramson. "A Measure of Intra-University Collaboration: Faculty Gender Imbalance on Doctoral Dissertation Committees in Engineering Disciplines." International Journal of Doctoral Studies 13 (2018): 457–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.28945/4141.
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Aim/Purpose: This article presents an analysis of female faculty representation on dissertation committees in comparison to the percentage of women faculty in departments of engineering in 2013 and 2014. Background: Collaboration is an indication of a robust research program, and the consequences of collaboration may benefit one’s academic career in numerous ways. Gender bias, however, may impede the development of intra-university collaborations, thereby inhibiting professional success. Methodology: Nine universities were examined (Carnegie Mellon University, Case Western Reserve University, Cornell University, Duke University, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Northwestern University, Rice University, University of Pittsburgh, and Vanderbilt University) across six different engineering departments (civil, chemical, mechanical, materials, biomedical, and electrical). Contribution: This paper reveals how an analysis of gender balance of faculty representation on doctoral committees can help advance an institution's understanding of the level to which collaboration with female colleagues may be occurring, thereby providing insight to the climate for women. Findings: A potential gender imbalance does exist in select cases. In aggregate, the percentage of female engineering faculty on dissertation committees compared to within each university revealed a disparity of less than 6% points. Recommendations for Practitioners: Examining how well represented female engineering faculty are on dissertation committees can be an important measure of levels of collaboration within an institution and of how well women are being integrated into the existing culture. Recommendation for Researchers: More in-depth research, including a study of correlation with other relevant indicators, may reveal additional insight to why gender bias exists on doctoral committees and how to lessen its occurrence. Impact on Society: The results of this study may increase awareness of gender bias and encourage faculty to be more inclusive and collaborative, particularly with their female colleagues, and as a result may help improve the climate for women faculty in engineering. Future Research: This study opens a discussion about the potential for gender imbalance and bias within an institution, particularly with respect to collaboration and inclusion. Future work may explore other indicators beyond doctoral committee representation.
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FRANKE, NIKOLAUS, and CHRISTIAN LÜTHJE. "ENTREPRENEURIAL INTENTIONS OF BUSINESS STUDENTS — A BENCHMARKING STUDY." International Journal of Innovation and Technology Management 01, no. 03 (September 2004): 269–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219877004000209.
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It is widely accepted that the educational system of universities has to provide an academic environment that may serve as a catalyst for high-technology start-ups. The academic tradition of entrepreneurship in German-speaking countries is very short. Until recently, fostering innovations and new product development through entrepreneurship has not been regarded as a primary task of universities. However, perspectives have changed in this respect, and there have been numerous attempts to enhance the role of university graduates as founders of innovative businesses. In this paper, we compare the entrepreneurial intentions of students at two German-speaking universities (the Vienna University of Economics and Business Administration and the University of Munich) with the corresponding results for a leading institution in this field: Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). We find very distinct patterns of entrepreneurial spirit in these universities. The results also suggest that the lower level of founding intentions among students in Munich and Vienna may be attributed to their less distinctive entrepreneurship education. This leaves a great deal of room for improvement.
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Ross, Richard J. "The Career of Puritan Jurisprudence." Law and History Review 26, no. 2 (2008): 227–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0738248000001309.
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Scholars have long asked to what extent there was a distinctive Puritan jurisprudence in seventeenth-century Massachusetts. Purita n jurisprudenceis a shorthand that refers to those elements of seventeenth-century Massachusetts's laws and institutions designed or selected because of the early colony's religious commitments. Among the fundamentals of Puritan jurisprudence were the integrated and determined use of legal and ecclesiastical institutions to foster a godly community, the importance of the Bible as a touchstone for the legitimacy of rules, and a constitutional order restricting colony-wide voting and political office to regenerate members of covenanted churches. Some historians speak of “Puritan justice” or “Puritan legal culture” rather than “Puritan jurisprudence.” Differing in detail and emphasis, these formulations point to a core idea animating much writing about early Massachusetts: that the colony lived by a legal order distinctive by the standards of contemporary England and her North American and Caribbean colonies and strongly shaped by Puritan religious commitments and social thought.
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Sadrzadeh, Hossein, Nathan Deysher, Layli Jamali, Andrew M. Brunner, Benjamin J. Drapkin, Karen K. Ballen, Eyal C. Attar, Philip C. Amrein, Steven L. McAfee, and Amir T. Fathi. "Granulocytic Sarcoma, A Single-Institution Survey of Clinical Presentation and Trajectory." Blood 120, no. 21 (November 16, 2012): 1041. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v120.21.1041.1041.
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Abstract Abstract 1041 Introduction Granulocytic Sarcoma (GS), also known as chloroma or myeloblastoma, is a rare neoplasm composed of immature myeloid cells occurring in any extramedullary organ, most commonly in the lymph node and soft tissue. It can occur as an isolated lesion, or in conjunction with a diagnosis of acute myeloid leukemia (AML), myeloproliferative disorder (MPD) or myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS). GS has been generally associated with more aggressive disease and a poor prognosis. Although it has been described in the literature in small case series, the clinical characteristics and prognosis of patients with GS associated with AML, MDS, MPD or as an isolated lesion have not been thoroughly described. We therefore studied our institutional experience of granulocytic sarcoma to gain further insight into the clinical features and associations of this disease. Methods We conducted a retrospective medical record review of patients who presented with GS to Massachusetts General Hospital from 1994 through 2011. In total, 35 patients with GS were identified. Kaplan Meier method was used to estimate overall survival (OS). OS was defined as the duration from the time of diagnosis of GS to date of death; patients still alive at the time of analysis were censored. Patients were categorized into three groups for analysis depending on the presence of bone marrow disease: primary (isolated) GS, GS associated with AML, and GS associated with MDS or MPD. Result Of 35 patients with GS, 20 (57%) were associated with a diagnosis of AML, 10 (29%) presented with either MDS or MPD, and 5 (14%) presented with primary GS. Of the AML-associated GS, 13 occurred concurrently with AML at diagnosis and 7 presented as AML relapse. Of the 10 cases of GS with either MDS or MPD, one patient presented with MDS and 9 with MPD. The median age of all patients was 57 years old; 19 of 35 patients were female. Median white blood count (WBC) was 4.6 (th/cmm) (IQR 3.5–8.8) for patients with AML-associated GS and 20.2 (th/cmm) (IQR 9.7–61) for those with MDS/MPD-associated GS. One year survival was 10% (95% CI 0.5 – 35.8%) in MDS/MPD associated GS, 49.5% (95% CI 26.5 – 68.9%) in AML associated GS, and 60% (95% CI 12.6 to 88.2%) in primary GS. The most common area of involvement in patients with AML-associated GS was the nervous system (22%). In contrast, among patients with MPD/MDS-associated GS, the most commonly involved site was bone (45%) (Table 1). 63% of all patients had one site of involvement with GS at presentation. The most common presenting symptom was pain either caused by a mass or lymphadenopathy. Cytogenetics were normal for the majority of patients. Interestingly, however, one AML patient and one patient with primary GS presented with a 9;22 translocation, two AML presented with other cytogenetic abnormalities involving chromosome 9 (t(9;11)(p22;q23) & add(9)(q34)), and three others, including one with primary GS, displayed abnormalities at chromosome 11, specifically 11q23 (Table 2). Conclusions With this study, we provide a single institution experience of granulocytic sarcoma, a rare manifestation of myeloid neoplasms. Interestingly, we found variable presentation with different patterns of site involvement and white blood counts in patients with GS associated with AML and in those with GS associated with MPD/MDS. Additionally, certain karyotypic abnormalities were over-represented in patients with GS, including t(9;22) and translocations involving chromosome 11q23. Finally, in our small series, patients with a diagnosis of GS associated with MPD/MDS had worsened outcomes compared to those with AML-associated GS or primary GS. Larger, prospective studies are needed to better and more fully assess outcomes in these patients. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
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Caulkins, Jonathan P. "Global Habit: The Drug Problem in a Borderless WorldPaul B. Stares, Washington, DC: Brookings Institution, 1996, 171 pp. US$26.95 cloth. ISBN 0-8157-8140-7. Brookings Institution, 1775 Massachusetts Ave. NW, Washington, DC 20036-2188, USA." Politics and the Life Sciences 16, no. 1 (March 1997): 148–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0730938400020396.
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DeMarco, Deborah M., Richard Forster, Thomas Gakis, and Robert W. Finberg. "Eliminating Residents Increases the Cost of Care." Journal of Graduate Medical Education 9, no. 4 (August 1, 2017): 514–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.4300/jgme-d-16-00671.1.
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ABSTRACT Background Academic health centers are facing a potential reduction in Medicare financing for graduate medical education (GME). Both the Medicare Payment Advisory Commission and the National Commission on Fiscal Responsibility and Reform (Deficit Commission) have suggested cutting approximately half the funding that teaching hospitals receive for indirect medical education. Because of the effort that goes into teaching trainees, who are only transient employees, hospital executives often see teaching programs as a drain on resources. Objective In light of the possibility of a Medicare cut to GME programs, we undertook an analysis to assess the financial risk of training programs to our institution and the possibility of saving money by reducing resident positions. Methods The chief administrative officer, in collaboration with the hospital chief financial officer, performed a financial analysis to examine the possibility of decreasing costs by reducing residency programs at the University of Massachusetts Memorial Medical Center. Results Despite the real costs of our training programs, the analysis demonstrated that GME programs have a positive impact on hospital finances. Conclusions Reducing or eliminating GME programs would have a negative impact on our hospital's bottom line.
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Meeropol, Michael. "How URPE Helped This “Tenured Radical” Thrive in a Non-radical Economics Department." Review of Radical Political Economics 50, no. 3 (September 2018): 457–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0486613417739984.
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I joined URPE when it was first formed in 1968 and found a strong support group in the Springfield-Northampton-Amherst area of Western Massachusetts when I got my first teaching job. I was at a teaching institution where the Economics program mostly serviced students from the School of Business. Having a support group of like-minded radicals in the early 1970s gave me the confidence and support to develop my own approach to teaching that combined presenting mainstream analysis and making all students aware of the existence and substance of radical alternatives. Those early years of URPE were a heady time—we were involved in struggles to make sure radicals were not purged by hostile departments. We attended conferences and wrote articles and participated in local struggles. Most importantly, unlike, for example, Paul Baran at Stanford University who lamented in a letter to Paul Sweezy that he had “no one to talk to,” we had each other—we had the Review of Radical Political Economics ( RRPE)—and we had visions of changing not just economics but the world. We still need that hope and enthusiasm today.
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Salmerón-Manzano, Esther, and Francisco Manzano-Agugliaro. "The Higher Education Sustainability through Virtual Laboratories: The Spanish University as Case of Study." Sustainability 10, no. 11 (November 4, 2018): 4040. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su10114040.
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Education has been integrated into the globalization process supported by technological advances such as e-learning. The sustainability of the universities is one of the key points of the university survival, and they strongly depend on the number of students that can enroll in them. Thus, many of the educational institutions have had to develop their curricula based on the use new technologies. Without a doubt, virtual laboratories are the latest technology in this regard. The objective of this work is to determine which are the main institutions and research trends in relation to virtual laboratories. The methodology followed in this research was to perform a bibliometric analysis of the whole scientific production indexed in Scopus. The world’s scientific production has been analysed in the following domains: first the trend over time, types of publications and countries, second the main subjects and keywords, third main institutions and their main topics, and fourth the main journals and proceedings that publish on this topic. After that, a case study was analysed in detailed as a representative country (Spain). The most productive institution in this field, Universidad de Educación a Distancia (UNED). If the ranking is established by average citations per published paper, the first three institutions are from the USA: Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), University of Washington (Seattle), and Carnegie Mellon University. The scientific categories at world level and in the case of study are similar. First, there is the field of engineering followed by computer science and above all it highlights the wide spectrum of branches of knowledge in which this topic is published, which indicates the great acceptance of this teaching methodology in all fields of education. Finally, community detection has been applied to the case study and six clusters have been found: Virtual Reality, Users, E-learning, Programming, Automatic-robotics, Computer Simulation and Engineering Education. As a main conclusion, bibliographic analysis confirms that research in virtual laboratories is a very active field, where scientific productivity has exponentially increased over recent years in tandem with universities growth. Therefore, expectations are high in this field for the near future. The possibility of virtual laboratories opens up new perspectives for higher education sustainability, where the educational policies of countries could be reoriented.
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Fridkin, Scott K., Deborah S. Yokoe, Cynthia G. Whitney, Andrew Onderdonk, and David C. Hooper. "Epidemiology of a Dominant Clonal Strain of Vancomycin-Resistant Enterococcus faecium at Separate Hospitals in Boston, Massachusetts." Journal of Clinical Microbiology 36, no. 4 (1998): 965–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jcm.36.4.965-970.1998.
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In 1996, the dominant (43%) strain of vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE; type A) at Massachusetts General Hospital was identified at Brigham and Women’s Hospital (BWH). To characterize the epidemiology of infection with type A isolates of VRE at BWH, we collected demographic and clinical data for all patients from whom VRE were isolated from a clinical specimen through September 1996. The first clinical isolates from all BWH patients from whom VRE were isolated were typed by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis ofSmaI digests of chromosomal DNA. Among patients hospitalized after the first patient at BWH infected with a type A isolate of VRE was identified, exposures were compared between patients who acquired type A isolates of VRE and those who acquired other types of VRE. Isolates from 99 patients identified to have acquired VRE were most commonly from blood (n = 27), urine (n = 19), or wounds (n = 19). Three months after the index patient arrived at BWH and at a time when ≥12 types of strains of VRE were present, type A isolates of VRE became dominant; 39 of 75 (52%) of the study cohort had acquired type A isolates of VRE. We found no association between the acquisition of type A isolates of VRE and transfer from another institution or temporal overlap by service, ward, or floor with patients known to have acquired type A isolates of VRE. By multivariate analysis, only residence in the medical intensive care unit (adjusted odds ratio [OR], 3.2; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.4 to 107) and the receipt of two or more antibiotics per patient-day (adjusted OR, 12.2; 95% CI, 1.2 to 9.0) were associated with the acquisition of strain A. This strain of VRE, dominant at two Boston hospitals, was associated with intensity of antibiotic exposures (i.e., two or more antibiotics per patient-day). We hypothesize that this strain may have unidentified properties providing a mechanism favoring its spread and dominance over other extant isolates, and further studies are needed to define these properties.
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Sharov, Konstantin S. "The Problem of Transcribing and Hermeneutic Interpreting Isaac Newton’s Archival Manuscripts." Tekst. Kniga. Knigoizdanie, no. 24 (2020): 134–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.17223/23062061/24/7.
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In the article, the current situation and future prospects of transcribing, editing, interpreting, and preparing Isaac Newton’s manuscripts for publication are studied. The author investigates manuscripts from the following Newton’s archives: (1) Portsmouth’s archive (Cambridge University Library, Cambridge, UK); (2) Yahuda collection (National Library of Israel, Jerusalem, Israel); (3) Keynes collection (King’s College Library, Cambridge University, Cambridge, UK); (4) Trinity College archive (Trinity College Library, Cambridge University, Cambridge, UK); (5) Oxford archive (New’s College Library, Oxford University, Oxford, UK); (6) Mint, economic and financial papers (National Archives in Kew Gardens, Richmond, Surrey, UK); (7) Bodmer’s collection (Martin Bodmer Society Library, Cologny, Switzerland); (8) Sotheby’s Auction House archive (London, UK); (9) James White collection (James White Library, Andrews University, Berrien Springs, Michigan, US); (10) St Andrews collection (University of St Andrews Library, St Andrews, UK); (11) Bodleian collection (Bodleian Library, Oxford University, Oxford, UK); (12) Grace K. Babson collection (Huntington Library, San Marino, California, US); (13) Stanford collection (Stanford University Library, Palo Alto, California, US); (14) Massachusetts collection (Massachusetts Technological Institute Library, Boston, Massachusetts, US); (15) Texas archive (Harry Ransom Humanities Research Centre, University of Texas Library, Austin, Texas, US); (16) Morgan archive (Pierpont Morgan Library, New York, US); (17) Fitzwilliam collection (Fitzwilliam Museum, Cambridge University, Cambridge, UK); (18) Royal Society collection (Royal Society Library, London, UK): (19) Dibner collection (Dibner Library, Smithsonian Institution, Washington D.C., US); (20) Philadelphia archive (Library of the American Philosophical Society, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, US). There is a great discrepancy between what Newton wrote (approx. 350 volumes) and what was published thus far (five works). It is accounted for by a number of reasons: (a) ongoing inheritance litigations involving Newton’s archives; (b) dispersing Newton’s manuscripts in countries with different legal systems, consequently, dissimilar copyright and ownership branches of civil law; (c) disappearance of nearly 15 per cent of Newton works; (d) lack of accordance of views among Newton’s researchers; (e) problems with arranging Newton’s ideas in his possible Collected Works to be published; (f) Newton’s incompliance with the official Anglican doctrine; (g) Newton’s unwillingness to disclose his compositions to the broad public. The problems of transcribing, editing, interpreting, and pre-print preparing Newton’s works, are as follows: (a) Newton’s complicated handwriting, negligence in spelling, frequent misspellings and errors; (b) constant deletion, crossing out, and palimpsest; (c) careless insertion of figures, tables in formulas in the text, with many of them being intersected; (d) the presence of glosses situated at different angles to the main text and even over it; (e) encrypting his meanings, Newton’s strict adherence to prisca sapientia tradition. Despite the obstacles described, transcribing Newton’s manuscripts allows us to understand Sir Newton’s thought better in the unity of his mathematical, philosophical, physical, historical, theological and social ideas.
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Qiu, Jane. "International collaboration and science in China: a Western perspective." National Science Review 2, no. 2 (May 11, 2015): 241–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/nsr/nwv027.
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Abstract As China is making great strides in economic development and innovative capacity, it has become an increasingly important player in major international scientific projects. But its role largely depends on the areas of research and can vary greatly—from being mainly a supplier of raw data to having genuine intellectual input. Last year, a panel of Chinese scientists had a heated debate over how China can get the most out of international collaboration, what government's role should be, and how Chinese scientists could go beyond the mainstream science (National Science Review 2014, 1: 318–21). In the second of a series of forums organized by NSR on the topic, its executive associate editor Mu-ming Poo discusses these issues with four leading scientists in Europe and the United States. Jeremy Farrar An expert on infectious diseases and Director of the Wellcome Trust in London, UK Harrald Fuchs Material scientist at the University Münster and Director of the Center for Nanotechnology (CeNTech), Germany Jian Lin Marine geophysicist at the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution in Massachusetts, USA Christopher White Particle physicist and Vice Provost for academic affairs at the Illinois Institute of Technology, USA Mu-ming Poo (Chair) Neuroscientist and Director of the Institute of Neurosciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, in Shanghai
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Chou, Jonathan, Mahek Shah, Amy Watts, Matthew Gardiner, Robert Kaplan, Joan Miller, and John Loewenstein. "TDABC Cost Analysis of Ocular Disorders in an Ophthalmology Emergency Department versus Urgent Care: Clinical Experience at Massachusetts Eye and Ear." Journal of Academic Ophthalmology 10, no. 01 (January 2018): e55-e60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1647249.
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Purpose To perform a cost analysis comparison for managing common ocular disorders in an eye emergency department (ED) versus an urgent care setting using a time-driven activity-based cost model (TDABC) to assist physicians and staff in appropriate allocation of resources at their own institution. Design Retrospective analysis. Setting Massachusetts Eye and Ear (MEE) ED and Same-Day Services (SDS), which runs as an urgent care clinic. Population Patients diagnosed with corneal abrasions, dry eyes, conjunctivitis, and styes were identified between April 2014 and August 2015 (n = 2,408 [ED], 26 [SDS]). We determined resources used in delivery of care, which included personnel, consumables, space capacity, and equipment. Costs were identified based on time the patient spent with each resource. Main Outcome Average visit length and associated personal, space, equipment, and consumable costs. Results Average visit length was 196 and 53 minutes, respectively, primarily due to longer wait times in the ED. Personnel and space costs were higher in the ED compared with SDS ($68.92 vs. $51.37 and $24.44 vs. $12.86, respectively). This led to an overall higher total resource cost for patients seen in the ED compared with SDS ($108.41 vs. $81.53, respectively). Conclusion For common ocular disorders, total SDS costs were 25% less than ED costs at MEE primarily due to personnel and space utilization. Treating patients with nonemergent ocular problems outside the ED can lead to shorter visit times for patients as well as lower overall costs.
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Caret, Robert L. "Social Responsibility and Civic Readiness as Critical Higher Education Outcomes." Metropolitan Universities 30, no. 4 (December 6, 2019): 9–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.18060/23551.
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Throughout my 25 years in higher education leadership, overseeing two campuses and two university systems, I have maintained a strong connection to the Coalition of Urban and Metropolitan Universities (CUMU), both philosophically and in practical terms.
Early on in my tenure as president of San Jose State University, I established the overarching goal of making San Jose State the Metropolitan University of Silicon Valley. Complementing the institution’s geographic location, size, and mission, all of which positioned it ideally for this role, I also saw a student population, a community role, and an ethos of service that spoke to the institution’s responsibility as an urban citizen.
This same perspective was part and parcel of my approach at Towson University (TU). As president, I actively created a vision and an identity for the institution, focusing on its role as the Metropolitan University of Maryland. I established external partnerships with focuses on education, economic and workforce development, arts and culture, and social change.
As president of the 5-campus University of Massachusetts System (UMass) I oversaw two CUMU member institutions, UMass Lowell and UMass Boston. The University System of Maryland (USM), where I currently serve as chancellor, is itself a CUMU member, as are several of its component institutions, with Towson and the University of Maryland, Baltimore County (UMBC) “founding members” of CUMU as a formal organization.
Throughout these years, I also had a very direct connection to CUMU, serving on several committees, on the Board of Directors, as a vice president, and, from 2006-2011, as CUMU president.
With this background, I know first-hand the distinctive perspective and unique tools that our comprehensive institutions can use to address social challenges and bring about meaningful change. In addition, I also recognize the special obligation our comprehensive metropolitan and urban universities have to be active and engaged in the communities they serve. These are the primary, 4-year, “access” institutions, not just in terms of the sheer numbers of students they educate, but also in terms of the composition of those students, serving as a vital higher education pathway for women, underrepresented minorities, and first-generation college students. Beyond that, our comprehensive universities stand as bridges, with numerous graduates going on to advanced degree programs at research universities.
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Ludlow, Larry H., Dennis Shirley, and Camelia Rosca. "Besieged Institutions and the Massachusetts Teacher Tests." education policy analysis archives 10 (December 12, 2002): 50. http://dx.doi.org/10.14507/epaa.v10n50.2002.
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Teacher testing was inaugurated in Massachusetts in 1998 and a 59% failure rate among test-takers led to public shaming of the teacher candidates and their colleges and universities in the media. Within a two-year time period, low-performing teacher education programs in Massachusetts initiated a wide range of test preparatory activities which led to a dramatic increase in their students' pass rates. The authors separate colleges and universities into three categories and examine their differentiated responses to teacher testing. Their finding that institutions of higher education have responded effectively to teacher testing does not preclude critique of teacher testing as currently practiced in Massachusetts.
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Bond, Robert S., and Anne Marie Loud. "Lumber Production and Marketing Changes by Sawmills in Massachusetts, 1957-1989." Northern Journal of Applied Forestry 9, no. 2 (June 1, 1992): 67–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/njaf/9.2.67.
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Abstract Studies of Massachusettś sawmill lumber production and marketing practices for the years 1957 and 1989 indicate there are fewer mills currently but that volume production has remained nearly constant at 112 mmbf. Hardwoods have become a larger proportion of production (47 vs. 32%) during the 32-year period Market outlets have changed, thereby modifying the extent of lumber seasoning and grading for both hardwood and softwood lumber marketed by sawmills. Markets for byproducts of sawmills have developed during the period, increasing revenues and solving the residue disposal problem. The Massachusetts sawmill industry has the potential to become larger based on growth of timber in the state, but social, environmental, and institutional constraints are likely to preclude this from occurring. North. J. Appl. For. 9(2):67-69.
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Chen, Yilong, Yiting Dong, Yu Zeng, Xiaoyan Yang, Jiantong Shen, Lang Zheng, Jingwen Jiang, Liming Pu, and Qilin Bao. "Mapping of diseases from clinical medicine research—a visualization study." Scientometrics 125, no. 1 (August 12, 2020): 171–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11192-020-03646-8.
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Abstract By employing bibliometric method, this study aimed to visualize the research hotspots and correlations among clinical medicine subjects. Literatures were retrieved from the PubMed database based on MeSH words and free-text phrases and screened based on inclusion and exclusion criteria. The disease themes were manually marked according to ICD-10. Co-word analysis and strategic diagram methods were applied to explore the hot topics and development trends of disease themes. 2551 articles were included after literature screening. The amount of paper showed an increasing trend and reached a peak in 2013. The subjects of adults and the elderly accounted for 45.0% and 27.0% respectively. The United States of America had the most publication, with Massachusetts and California being the most prevalent states, and Harvard University was the most prolific institution. Co-word analysis revealed that research hot topics of diseases were divided into 8 themes, among which the most was “disease of the circulatory system” and “injury, poisoning and certain other consequences of external causes”. The strategic diagram showed that the above two topics were mature but relatively independent, while the “physical fitness” topic was not mature enough but was closely related to the others. There are more and more data-driven studies in the field of medicine and health, while, huge development spaces in the full spectrum of the diseases do exist. Mining the published researches through bibliometrics and visualized methods could come up with valuable results to inform further study.
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Blouin, Gayle C., Christine Chio, E. Bridget Kim, Conor McGladrigan, Nie Bohlen, and Katie Lafleur. "Evaluating oncology pharmacist safety reporting in an outpatient cancer center." Journal of Clinical Oncology 32, no. 30_suppl (October 20, 2014): 238. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2014.32.30_suppl.238.
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238 Background: Safety reporting is imperative because it provides an opportunity to identify and address preventable errors to enhance patient safety. Pharmacists at the Massachusetts General Hospital cancer center have historically submitted the highest number of safety reports compared to clinicians/nursing. This past year, however, there was a decline in the number of reports submitted. Because pharmacists are in a key position to monitor patient safety, this study was conducted to characterize safety reports submitted by pharmacists and describe subsequent action plans. Additionally, pharmacists’ attitudes towards safety reporting were assessed and obstacles identified. Methods: A retrospective analysis of medication safety reports submitted by outpatient staff over the past 4 years was conducted. Data were obtained from institutional safety reporting system. Pharmacy procedures and education materials were compared against safety reports. Pharmacists’ attitudes were assessed using online survey adapted from the AHRQ. Results: Pharmacists consistently submitted more safety reports compared to other disciplines. However, safety reporting declined from a mean of 61 reports annually to 40 in 2013. The majority of reported events involved prescribing errors, followed by orders submitted to pharmacy without meeting treatment criteria. Actions plans included: protocol checklists, staff education and updating order sets. The majority of pharmacists surveyed agreed/strongly agreed that the practice is actively doing things to improve patient safety and mistakes have led to positive changes. When an event is reported, almost 50% of pharmacists indicated infusion unit staff perceive the person is being written up, not the problem. Common barriers to reporting were time constraints, nurses taking reports personally and not knowing which events warrant reporting. Conclusions: Pharmacists at our institution play an integral role in safety reporting which is essential to provide quality patient care and enhance patient safety. Obstacles identified in this study may have contributed to the recent decline in reporting. Opportunities exist to reinforce non-punitive nature of safety reporting.
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Lee-Lewandrowski, Elizabeth, Daniel Corboy, Kent Lewandrowski, Julia Sinclair, Steven McDermot, and Theodore I. Benzer. "Implementation of a Point-of-Care Satellite Laboratory in the Emergency Department of an Academic Medical Center." Archives of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine 127, no. 4 (April 1, 2003): 456–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.5858/2003-127-0456-ioapsl.
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Abstract Context.—Emergency department (ED) overcrowding has reached crisis proportions in the United States. Many hospitals are seeking to identify process reengineering efforts to reduce crowding and ED patient length of stay (LOS). Objectives.—To investigate the impact of a point-of-care testing (POCT) satellite laboratory in the ED of a large academic medical center. Setting.—The ED of the Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Mass. Design and Outcome Measures.—Evaluation of physician satisfaction, turnaround time (TAT), and ED LOS before and after implementation of a POCT laboratory. ED LOS was measured by patient chart audits. TAT was assessed by manual and computer audits. Clinician satisfaction surveys measured satisfaction with test TAT and test accuracy. Results.—Blood glucose, urine human chorionic gonadotropin, urine dipstick, creatine kinase–MB, and troponin tests were performed in the ED POCT laboratory. Test TAT declined an average of 87% after the institution of POCT. The ED LOS decreased for patients who received pregnancy testing, urine dipstick, and cardiac markers. Although these differences were not significant for individual tests, when the tests were combined, the decreased LOS was, on average, 41.3 minutes (P = .006). Clinician satisfaction surveys documented equivalent satisfaction with test accuracy between the central laboratory and the POCT laboratory. These surveys also documented dissatisfaction with central laboratory TAT and increased satisfaction with TAT of the POCT program (P < .001). Conclusions.—The POCT satellite laboratory decreased test TAT and decreased ED LOS. There was excellent satisfaction with test accuracy and TAT.