Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Massif central (France) – Moyen âge'
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Morel, David. "Tailleurs de pierre, sculpteurs et maîtres d'oeuvre dans le Massif Central." Clermont-Ferrand 2, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009CLF20008.
Full textSaudan, Marie. "Espaces perçus, espaces vécus : géographie historique du massif central du IXe siècle au XIIe siècle." Paris 1, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA010592.
Full textFassion, Franck. "Occupation humaine et interactions sociétés-milieu dans les massifs du Livradois-Forez ( massif central, France) de la fin du second Âge du fer au haut Moyen âge." Thesis, Université Laval, 2013. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2013/30459/30459.pdf.
Full textThe purpose of this thesis is to identify human occupation and exploitation of the environment of marginal territories in the Livradois-Forez, which include the cities of Arverne, Segusiave, and Vellave, and to investigate the regional integration of these localities from the second Iron Age to the Early Middle Age. This thesis is conducted from a dynamic, diachronic, and systemic perspective, and utilizes a landscape archaeology approach to explore the relations between societies, in particular their economies, and the environment. The research presented crosses archaeology and the environmental sciences in order to increase knowledge of the setting in which these societies evolved and the possible human influences on it, but it also identifies social-economic and cultural processes. The completion of this project required three stages: first, the integration of research and syntheses developed from research programs in which I collaborated; second, the synthesis of the archaeological data; third, the acquisition of new data through archaeological field surveys and through the analysis of plant macrofossils from peatlands. Four sectors that reflect key components of the landscape have been used. As far as possible, research in each sector included archaeological surveys and paleoenvironmental research. Interdisciplinary archaeological, paleoecological, and geoarchaeological studies, combined with GIS, exhibit a heterogenous development that can be seen in two economic cycles: the first, from the Second Iron Age to the High Roman Empire; the second, from the Late Roman Empire to the Early Middle Age. For each economic cycle, human land use and the exploitation of the environment reflect strategies and social-economic choices driven by topography, climate, and available resources (particularly agricultural resources, but also the presence of wood and ore). The proximity of routes of communication reflects important pools of population and the centers of the three cities. Each stage of environmental exploitation is marked by an increase of erosion, peat initiation, and changes in the use of the oldest peatland. Finally, this border area seems to be integrated into the regional economy.
Fassion, Franck. "L'occupation humaine et intéractions sociétés-milieu dans les massifs du Livradois-Forez (Massif-Central, France) de la fin du second âge de fer au Haut Moyen-Age." Thesis, Clermont-Ferrand 2, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013CLF20016/document.
Full textThe purpose of this thesis is to identify human occupation and exploitation of the environment of marginal territories in the Livradois-Forez, which include the cities of Arverne, Segusiave, and Vellave, and to investigate the regional integration of these localities from the second Iron Age to the Early Middle Age. This thesis is conducted from a dynamic, diachronic, and systemic perspective, and utilizes a landscape archaeology approach to explore the relations between societies, in particular their economies, and the environment. The research presented crosses archaeology and the environmental sciences in order to increase knowledge of the setting in which these societies evolved and the possible human influences on it, but it also identifies social-economic and cultural processes. The completion of this project required three stages: first, the integration of research and syntheses developed from research programs in which I collaborated; second, the synthesis of the archaeological data; third, the acquisition of new data through archaeological field surveys and through the analysis of plant macrofossils from peatlands. Four sectors that reflect key components of the landscape have been used. As far as possible, research in each sector included archaeological surveys and paleoenvironmental research. Interdisciplinary archaeological, paleoecological, and geoarchaeological studies, combined with GIS, exhibit a heterogenous development that can be seen in two economic cycles: the first, from the Second Iron Age to the High Roman Empire; the second, from the Late Roman Empire to the Early Middle Age. For each economic cycle, human land use and the exploitation of the environment reflect strategies and social-economic choices driven by topography, climate, and available resources (particularly agricultural resources, but also the presence of wood and ore). The proximity of routes of communication reflects important pools of population and the centers of the three cities. Each stage of environmental exploitation is marked by an increase of erosion, peat initiation, and changes in the use of the oldest peatland. Finally, this border area seems to be integrated into the regional economy
Bouvard, Emmanuelle marie. "Empreintes monastiques en moyenne montagne du XIIe siècle à l’Actuel : archéologie des espaces et des paysages cisterciens dans les anciens diocèses de Clermont et du Puy." Thesis, Lyon, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LYSE2013/document.
Full textThe Cistercian presence in Auvergne and Velay benefits for the first time from a synoptic work. The Cistercian order in the former Clermont and Le Puy dioceses encompasses ten abbeys frequently ignored by historiography: Montpeyroux, Bellaigue, Feniers and Le Bouchet (Clermont diocese) formed the male branch of the settlements, whereas L’Éclache, La Vassin, Mègemont (Clermont diocese), Bellecombe, Clavas and La Séauve-sur-Semène (Le Puy diocese) were aimed for nuns. The swarming took place between 1126 and the very beginning of the XIIIth century, due to the local aristocrats turning those settlements into territorial landmarks by setting up their burial places there and feeding monastic aspirations. Their borderline localization, i.e. as marches, participated in this political stance, all the while contributing to the economic stimulation of lands remote from the lord’s main estate. Hence, despite a dense mesh of monasteries prior to their coming, the Cistercians obtained a singular position in the religious landscape of both dioceses, as much regarding their links to local elites as regarding the interstitial spaces which they inherited, on the side of the main vital axes (the Loire and Allier rivers corridors). These results constitute the first step in our work, which consisted in confronting the various agents of the diocese’s territories with the Cistercian occupation through a historiographical investigation and the production of analytical cartographic material. The second step of the research dealt with the morphological study of the sites hosting the monastic compounds.The addition of archival data (mainly records from the regular clergy, the National Forests Office, and the Napoleonic land registers) to bibliographic information (scholar notes from the XIXth century, recent specialist’s articles, regionalist literature, scientific articles, archaeological reports, memoirs and academic publications…) along with archaeological evidence pertained to a wide-ranging prospection, which was enhanced with a geomorphological approach, insofar as our mainly archaeological skills allowed. In addition to the study of sedimentary rocks through occasional soundings, stratigraphic cross-sections of riverbanks, and core samples taken off four reference sites with the assistance of geomorphologists, the initial research consisted in interpreting the cartographic and photographic records (documents from the National Geographic Institute) so as to envision a diachronic approach to the territorial data. Once the significant aspects of the landscape were located, according to principles borrowed from archeogeography, and after the relics of both the abbeys and their immediate surroundings were marked (identification and partial research according to the situation, inventory of the hydraulic constructions), a topographic study was initiated in six structures (a homogeneous treatment could not be secured for the whole corpus for reasons connected to accessibility, plant coverings and preservation of the relics). The results are presented using an analytical corpus set up from the foregoing ten abbeys.To conclude, the whole research is apprehended through three points: the systemic relationships between the Cistercian settlements and the local aristocracy (topolineage); the definition of the monastic domains from an economic and spatial perspective; and the ideological and pragmatic considerations leading to the arrangement of the constructions
Bouchette, Anne. "Le temps des récoltes : agriculture et cueillette du Néolithique à la Renaissance en Limousin." Toulouse 3, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004TOU30290.
Full textArchaeobotanical studies of archaeological sites of Limousin concern the period between the first century BC to the 16th century and propose a first history of the regional cornfied plants. About 215000 wet, chared and mineralized plant remains were observed and about 300 taxa were determined. It is only between the end of La Tène and the low Middle Age (1st century BC- 14th-15th centuries) that an evolution could be drawn. It is charaterized by the introduction of orcharding and a diversification of leguminous and aromatic plants during the Gallo-Roman period. The importation of exotic fruits and spices occurred and continued at the beginning of the Middle Age. This period was also characterized by the use of a new cereale : rye; the consecutive decline of German weath and emmer; a diversified orcharding which appeared in the urban environments during the Merovingian period. During the Middle Age, the main species concerned by this spread are vine, walnut, chestnut and medlar
Scholtès, Antoine. "2000 ans d'agropastoralisme sur les Hautes-Chaumes des Monts du Forez (Massif Central oriental, France) : Occupation du sol, gestion des territoires et changements environnementaux de l'Antiquité au XVIIIe siècle." Thesis, Lyon, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020LYSES037.
Full textThe aim of this Phd work is to identify and characterize agropastoral rhythms and dynamics in the “Hautes-Chaumes du Forez”. This theme is linked with the appreciation of socio-economic modalities of grazing as it has been practiced by mountain communities for the last 2000 years. Understanding how worked this activity and its environmental implication required a systemic and diachronic approach. Thereby, it was possible to link the issue of society-environment interactions with an archaeological approach of land use. The main purpose is to replace this information in a suitable historical and paleoecological framework in the way to highlight the major phases of lands use and anthropization. In this way, a multidisciplinary confrontation has been a prime factor in order to estimate the variability and the intensity of the socio-economic flows, themselves reflections of practices and policies fluctuating in time and space. Replaced in a global framework, these events reintegrate the “Haut Forez” in a regional dynamic where the mountain finds both its role and its legitimacy as an integrated margin. During Antiquity, the first real changes took place. Short-lived, however, this dynamic confirms new management methods that work for the integration of the Hautes-Chaumes into a complementarity circuit between plains and mountains. This dynamic is the main actor in the initiative of the palaeoenvironmental and economic changes which will follow one another until the dawn of the 19th century
Servera-Vives, Gabriel. "Dynamique holocène du paysage et mobilités des pratiques territoriales au mont Lozère (Massif central, France) : Approche paléoenvironnementale multi-indicateurs à haute résolution spatio-temporelle." Thesis, Limoges, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LIMO0031/document.
Full textFive sedimentary sequences have been studied in the Mont Lozère with the aim to reconstruct the landscape dynamics and the land-use through the longue durée. The use of a multi-proxy analysis has allowed us both to identify distinct rhythms of human-induced landscape shift and to establish the local/regional extent of these changes. The use of high spatial, chronological and analytical resolution has enabled a correct integration of the results of this research with those supplied by the PCR-Mont Lozère project. As a result, a series of land-uses in a mountain environment from the Neolithic to present time has been proposed. A long history of socio-environmental interactions in Mont-Lozère is evidenced. A first shepherding phase in Early Neolithic (4550-4400 cal BC) has been evidenced. During Late Neolithic pastoral practices and related slash-and-burn strategies attain its highest activity. In the Iron Age Period a noticeable deforestation of both foothills and higher environments takes place as a consequence of the overall increase farming and metallurgical activities. Forest clearances increase even more during High-Medieval times, at the same time that farming activities reinforce. During the Middle Ages a more complex and diversified land-use system, including farming, metallurgy, mining and charcoal production, is recorded. The development of farming activities in the Late Medieval resulted in a more evident forest clearance of the Massif. This area remained unchanged until the 19th century, when the decay of agriculture and shepherding occurs and forest replanting in Mont Lozère is recorded. The history of highland herb communities of Nardus stricta correctly matches the main phases of land-use and underlines the key-role of farming in the genesis and evolution of this cultural landscape
Se han estudiado cinco secuencias sedimentarias en el Mont Lozère con el objetivo de reconstruir la dinámica paisajística y los usos del suelo en la longue durée. La utilización de un análisis multiproxy ha permitido determinar los principales ritmos de antropización y establecer su carácter regional y/o local. La alta resolución espacial, cronológica y analítica hapermitido la integración de resultados con aquellos obtenidos en el marco del PCR-Mont Lozère y proponer los usos de la montaña que han modelado el paisaje cultural desde el Neolítico hasta la actualidad. Se ha evidenciado una larga historia de las interacciones socioambientales en el Mont Lozère, con una primera fase de carácter agropastoral en el Neolítico Antiguo, en ca. 4550-4400 cal BC. El Neolítico Final es una fase de marcado impacto agropastoral en la que se generalizan las quemas para abrir claros en el bosque. En la Edad del Hierro se inicia una marcada deforestación en el piedemonte y los espacios de altitud, coincidiendo con un desarrollo agropastoral y metalúrgico. En el periodo altomedieval se amplifican las deforestaciones coincidiendo con un marcado incremento de las actividades agropastorales. En la Plena Edad Media se evidencia un sistema diversificado que implica metalurgia, agricultura, pastoreo, minería y carboneo. El desarrollo agropastoral de la Baja Edad Media supone una marcada deforestación en el macizo que se extiende hasta mitad del s. XIX, momento en que se inicia el declive del agropastoralismo y empiezan las reforestaciones en el Mont Lozère. La historia de las formaciones herbosas con Nardus stricta de los espacios somitales sigue estas principales fases de antropización y revela el papel clave del agropastoralismo en la génesis y evolución de este paisaje cultural
Estienne, Marie-Pierre. "Les réseaux castraux et l'évolution de l'architecture castrale dans les Baronnies de Mevouillon et de Montauban de la fin du Xe siecle à 1317." Aix-Marseille 1, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999AIX10077.
Full textSchneider, Laurent. "Monastères, villages et peuplement en Languedoc central : les exemples d'Aniane et de Gellone (VIIIe-XIIe siècle)." Aix-Marseille 1, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996AIX10060.
Full textHistorical and archeological studies of two languedocien monastic domains, the aim of this work is to highlight the monastery importance during village evolution in this region. Since century twelfth, like lay castra, aniane's and gellone's monasteries permitted people to gather when getting their principal prieuries witch rempart. The number of villages, which are called forcia or claustra, increased near each monastery where production means have been concentrated. Paysans saving begun to stuck up. The history of these two monastic domains can let us think that the incastellamento impact in languedocien village growing, and its ability to restructure soil and habitat, is not exclusive. Contrasted phenomenon, languedocien incastellamento was not of regular intensity. It is rather a characteristic of urban suburbs and littoral sector
Saint-Sever, Guillaume. "De la production à l’utilisation des poteries à l’âge du bronze final : dynamiques inter-régionales et évolutions locales en Quercy et Basse Auvergne." Thesis, Toulouse 2, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014TOU20065/document.
Full textThis doctoral research is a comparative study of the late bronze age ceramics from two areas located in West and North of the Massif Central: the Quercy and the Basse Auvergne. The materials analyzed are all dated of the middle phase of the late bronze age and come from various contexts (high ground settlements, lowland pits, and burial caves). At first, we develop a typo-chronological classification method based on quantitative and statistical processing of morphological and decorative attributes of the ceramics that allows distinguishing two regional stylistic variants. Their chronological boundaries indicate that some shape and decorative changes occurred with a slight time lag. Secondly, we question the utilization of these different types. We identified several classes based on use wear and technological features. These vessel classes all together with their metallic equivalent when available were analyzed in regards to site function. In burial cave contexts, food and liquid consumption vessels prevailed; numerous connections with metallic items indicate a distinction with habitation contexts and attest of ceremonial banquet. Ceramic assemblages from high ground contexts can be distinguished from the lowland ones by a larger proportion of collective table vessel. We finally conduct an analysis of ceramic manufacturing following a "chaîne opératoire" approach. We identified same chronological changes in the two research areas based on paste preparation, shaping and finishing techniques, and heating procedures. On the contrary, several technical choices indicate a regional patterning and the existence of local specificities. Nevertheless, a fine vessel equivalent to the metallic one, involved greater skills and possibly denotes the emergence of craft specialization. Based on these results, we stress the need for a multi-scale approach in the interpretation of the extension and spread of typological and technological traits because their accuracy and integration level can vary
Carozza, Laurent. "Habitats et cultures à la fin de l'âge du bronze en Languedoc et sur la bordure sud-ouest du massif central." Paris, EHESS, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997EHESA027.
Full textGeorges, Vincent. "Le Forez du 6ème au 1er millénaire av. J. -C. : territoires, identités et stratégies des sociétés humaines du Massif central dans le bassin amont de la Loire (France)." Dijon, 2007. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00369820.
Full textThis thesis heading Territories, identities and strategies in Forez from the sixth at the first front millenium BC in the upstream basin of the Loire, relates to an extent in the north-Eastern part of the Massif central in contact with the Rhodanian corridor. This intramontane sector (current department of Loire 42) has allowed to build a consequent archaeological corpus which clarified behaviours having strong socio-economic and environmental implications. The archaeological study called upon various disciplines: agronomy, anthropology, archeometry (palynology, dating 14C, etc. ), ceramology, geography, geomorphology, petrography, sedimentology, volumetry. It recuts several sets of themes : archaeological cartography, territorial studies, fluvial stratigraphy, the characterization and diffusion of materials, lithic, metallurgical and textile technologies, panoplies, architecture, territoriality and semantic. Principal results obtained :- A analysis of geographical space and archaeological corpus,- A typo-chronological test of classification of vestiges,- The definition of lithic materials with the determination of the accessibility and exploitationof the tectonites foréziennes (set of tools, axes…),- A chronostratigraphic approach of the flood plain of the Loire in Forez,- Identifications of protohistoric territorial constructions,- A analysis of the management of sowing and harvests during Bronze and Iron age and,- A technological and anthropological study of the metallic and textile protocolar ladies'garments between 1500-1000 BC from metallic rings covered
Martin, Franck. "Jeux de pouvoir et dynamique de l'habitat : l'exemple de Saint-Affrique et de son terroir, en Rouergue, du VIe au Xllle siècle." Paris, EHESS, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016EHES0116.
Full textThis study aims to go beyond the simple observation of the passage from scattered settlement to a concentration thereof to preferentially approach the conditions of emergence and development of the medieval town of Saint-Affrique during the Middle Age s: what physical features (natural topography, ancient terroir, street network. . . ) and sociological (Christianization process, cultural intermingling, geopolitical stakes. . . ) have chaired the slow formation of a loose long habitat to see it win small urban status. Topic of binding hubs, commonly reduced to churches and castles, is it really relevant in the case of Saint-Affrique? And perhaps even more, to what weight have really weighed in this dynamic the various powers, secular or ecclesiastical, which are successively attached to all or part of this land ? To address and to better concern this issue, we were obliged to resort to varied sources. Archaeological, textual and planimetric data were confronted dialectically. The chronological range adopted, meanwhile - between the sixth and thirteenth century - as part of this desire too to broaden the scope of thinking
Jarry, Marc. "Les groupes humains du Pléistocène moyen et supérieur en Midi toulousain : contextes, ressources et comportements entre Massif Central et Pyrénées." Toulouse 2, 2009. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00526018.
Full textThe Garonne Basin is the axial geomorphological entity of the Aquitain. In recent years, the middle valley of the Garonne River has been greatly revised. New sites and indications, particularly from the Lower and Middle Paleolithic, have thus been discovered and studied. The lithic industries yielded by these operations now provide us with robust reference bases, finally allowing comparisons of the behaviors of human groups during the Middle and Upper Pleistocene. It has been shown that the occupations were mostly multi-functional residential and are usually located as close as possible to the edges of terrace cuts. Geomorphologic and stratigraphic studies, along with the first dating elements and their correlations, allow the proposal of a first chrono-stratigraphic and chrono-cultural scheme, integrating the Midi Toulousain region in the general context of the occupation of Europe. It is possible that occupations of the Garonne valley by Acheulean groups did not become permanent until oxygen isotope stage 12. It has been shown that Upper Paleolithic and Late Middle Paleolithic occupations were almost totally absent, other than a few rare elements corresponding to temporary climatic warming periods. We thus deduct that environmental factors, which were harsh during glacial periods, rendered the Garonne valley particularly inhospitable, pushing prehistoric populations into the more protected areas surrounding the valley (karst). By projection, it is imaginable that the same phenomenon occurred during earlier glacial phases. The Garonne valley would therefore have alternately constituted a hub favoring circulation and a frontier limiting north/south contacts, depending on the succession of environmental conditions during the climatic fluctuations of the Pleistocene
Georges, Vincent. "Le Forez du 6ème au 1er millénaire av. J.-C.Territoires, identités et stratégies des sociétés humaines du Massif central dans le bassin amont de la Loire (France)." Phd thesis, Université de Bourgogne, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00369820.
Full text- une analyse d'un espace géographique et d'un corpus archéologique,
- un essai de classification typo-chronologique des vestiges,
- une définition des matériaux lithiques avec leurs conditions d'accessibilité et d'exploitation dont les tectonites foréziennes (outillages, haches...),
- une approche chronostratigraphique de la plaine alluviale de la Loire en Forez,
- l'identification de constructions territoriales,
- une analyse de la gestion des semences et des récoltes aux âges des Métaux et,
- une étude technologique et anthropologique des habits protocolaires féminins métalliques et textiles entre 1500 et 1000 av. J.-C., à partir des bracelets métalliques à incisions.
Sumera, Franck. "Signature des occupations protohistoriques et antiques dans l’évolution des paysages et dans la construction de la géographie humaine du massif du Mercantour (Alpes-Maritimes)." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015AIXM3019.
Full textArchaeological and paleo-environmental research carried out in the Southern Alps attest to the existence of pastoral practices continuous from the Neolithic period. The latter brought about a constant opening-up of the environment which resulted in the formation of present-day landscapes. The signals sent back by archaeology, history and the paleo-environment concerning rearing practices and activities having had an impact on the landscape since the Iron Age are re-examined through a synthesis of the current state of knowledge. Analysis of existing documentation is used to ascertain sources of impact on the landscape and relationships between pastoral practices, settlement lands and areas of economic exchange. Comprehensive study of the territory and anthropic remains is carried out using the Napoleonic cadastral survey and orthophotographic coverage. The data bases built using these supports are enriched by the incorporation of environmental data taken from GIS bases connected to environmental contexts. This data set provides a new corpus of archaeological information which enables us to apprehend the spatial and qualitative diversity of pastoral remains. Three case-studies provide information concerning the weight of Iron Age and Roman occupation in the sub-Alpine floors. Two of these allow consideration of the construction of Iron Age and Roman territorial areas and their subsequent development. A Gallic sanctuary located at an altitude of 1800m, dedicated to hero and nature-worship, and another sanctuary located on a pass illustrate the importance of orography within the mental constructs of the Mercantour populations
Kurzaj, Marie-Caroline. "Peuplements et échanges entre Gaule interne et Gaule méditerranéenne dans le sud-est du Massif central à la fin du Second âge du fer (160 - 25 avant J. C.)." Thesis, Dijon, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012DIJOL028.
Full textThis study provides a synthesis about the ending period of the second Iron Age (160-25 BC) in the southeast Massif Central. The geographical zone that I study here includes several regions (Auvergne, Languedoc-Roussillon, Rhône-Alpes) and departments (the Ardèche, the Gard, the Loire, the Haute-Loire, the Lozère, the Rhône). During the ending period of the second Iron Age, this region gathers the territories of two cultural entities: the independent Gaul (Gabali, Segusiavi and Vellavi) and the Mediterranean Gaul (Allobroges, Helvii, Segalauni and Volcae Arecomici). The aim of this study thus is to offer a global vision of furniture facies, land use and commercial dynamics in this geographical area. This initiative bases itself on a recent critical reading of the archaeological data accumulated in this region since the 19th century.The plan adopted is made of three chapters.The first one aims at presenting the frame, the context and the methodological approach of the study. The second chapter is dedicated to the detailed examination of the data according to two important subjects: the material culture and the occupation types.The third chapter offers a synthesis and a confrontation of the data.The characteristics of this region are compared here.The main markers of the material culture are exposed and a model of hierarchical structuring of the occupation is proposed from a classification of the various categories of housing environment. Finally, the results of the analysis of furniture and land use are shared, in order to compare the specific markers of the territorial organization in the southeast of Massif Central
Lamy, Claire. "L'abbaye de Marmoutier (Touraine) et ses prieurés dans l'Anjou médiéval (milieu du XIe siècle-milieu du XIIIe siècle)." Thesis, Paris 4, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA040198.
Full textFrom the 11th century to the 13th century the abbey of Marmoutier established a significant network of monastic dependencies – or priories – in Western France and especially in the area of Anjou. In this region the foundation movement flourished between the years 1040 and 1150, the monks of Anjou being well-skilled in navigating the often intricate local constraints and power relationships. Each priory managed its own complex set of lands, the acquisition, organization and legal defense of which were undertaken by the monks, with the support and supervision of the mother-abbey. A study of the monastic writings attests to these strong ties between the Abbey and its priories. Finally, major modifications of this prioral system characterized the end of the Twelfth century through the beginning of the Thirteenth : in Anjou some houses disappeared while others continued to grow, yet another sign of the Abbey's ability to adapt to difficult circumstances in order to persevere
Chaussat, Alain-Gilles. "Les populations du Massif armoricain au crible du sarrasin. Etude d'un marqueur culturel du Bocage normand (XVI-XX siècle)." Thesis, Normandie, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017NORMC035/document.
Full textToday, buckwheat is unavoidably associated with the famous Breton galettes (buckwheat pancakes), yet we know little of its history. Introduced as a subsistence crop in western France (Brittany and west Normandy) during the 15th and 16th centuries, buckwheat became the predominant crop and foodstuff in the region from the 17th century. This study examines the role of buckwheat in various aspects of societies in western France from the 16th century to the 20th century, via four main sections: the introduction and spread of buckwheat in Europe, its place in the agrarian systems of the Armorican Massif, its impact on the diets of populations in this region and its use in relieving subsistence crises. The chapters compare practices in Brittany and Normandy, to identify elements of a common identity among populations in western France, and elements that are specific to territories. This comparative approach is repeated within these two spaces, to identify local particularities
Chabert, Sandra. "Les céramiques en territoire arverne et sur ses marges de l'antiquité tardive au haut moyen âge (fin IIIe - milieu VIIIe siècle) : approche chrono-typologique, économique et culturelle." Thesis, Clermont-Ferrand 2, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016CLF20013/document.
Full textThe sparse knowledge of the late antiquity in Auvergne is partly due to the absence of chronological typology for this period. The recent uncovering of significant ceramic assemblages and the reassessment of pastdata make it possible today to fill this research gap. This thesis attempts to bring new light to the Arverne territory, its economy and culture, in the late antiquity and the early middle ages (from the late 3rd century to the mid-8th century), through the study of its pottery. The evolution observed in the repertory shows that the antique facies remained until the 6th century, as well as the culinary practices and table manners. Until the 5th century,forms and types of ceramics are very varied, becoming more standardized in the next century, and finally starting in the 7th century, closed culinary vessels are predominant.The study of funerary assemblages from the 4th and 5th centuries, demonstrates how the Arverne territory participated in the general evolution of funerary practices in Gaul. However the Auvergne region stands out by the considerable number of ceramic vases found in tombs and the clear preference for solid food vessels in funerary repasts.The presence of imported goods is evidence that the Arverne territory was part of the commercial routes by the end of Antiquity. However the small amounts of importations imply a parsimonious procurement, which would mean that the Auvergne region was actually located on the outer limits of the distribution areas of most industrial productions. The correlations established with 4th and 5th century pottery from other areas of Central Gaul could be proof of a common tradition of production, and how such territories could have possibly belonged to a same cultural and economic entity. The South of the Arverne territory seemed however more influenced by southern Gaul as shown by the study of 6th and 7th century pottery from the lozerian site of La Malène
Lorenz, Jacqueline. "Le dogger du berry : contribution a la connaissance des plates-formes carbonatees europeennes au jurassique." Paris 6, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989PA066323.
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