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Journal articles on the topic 'Massif du Rhodope'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 1 February 2022

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1

Kozhoukharova, Evgenia. "Precambrian obducted serpentinites in the Rhodope Massif." Review of the Bulgarian Geological Society 82, no. 1 (March 2021): 63–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.52215/rev.bgs.2021.82.1.2.

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The Precambrian metamorphic complex in the Rhodope Massif is built of two lithostratigraphic units: the lower is an ancient granite-gneiss continental crust – Prarhodopian Group (PRG), and the upper one – a Neoproterozoic metamorphosed volcano-sedimentary rock complex – Rhodopian Group (RG). The lower stratigraphic levels of the RG are occupied by an ophiolitic association consisting of serpentinites, amphibolites, and metagabbros. The serpentinites constantly occupy the same level between the continental gneisses surface of the PRG and the base of the RG. The high degree of serpentinization (85–95%) indicates low temperature hydration metamorphism on the surface of an ultrabasic ocean plate. The formation of the Rhodope ophiolitic association has taken place in a Neoproterozoic supra-subduction zone in three stages: a. serpentinization at the ocean floor; b. obduction of serpentinite fragments, scraped from soft and plastic hydrated coat of the sliding ultrabasic plate; c. SSZ-type autochthonous Neoproterozoic (610–566 Ma) basic volcanism, including and covering serpentinite bodies. This determines a heterogeneous nature of the ophiolitic association. The lower granite-gneiss complex – PRG may have been a part of some microcontinent after the breaking of the supercontinent Rodinia. The formation of a supra-subduction zone – SSZ and the obduction of serpentinite fragments started during ocean closure preceding the amalgamation of supercontinent Gondwana.

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2

Pipera, K., A. Koroneos, T. Soldatos, G. Poli, and G. Christofides. "Origin of the High-K Tertiary magmatism in Northern Greece: Implications for mantle geochemistry and geotectonic setting." Bulletin of the Geological Society of Greece 47, no. 1 (September 5, 2013): 416. http://dx.doi.org/10.12681/bgsg.11017.

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Tertiary plutonic and volcanic rocks cropping out in the Rhodope Massif (N. Greece) are studied using existing and new geochemical and isotopic data. Most of these rocks belong to the post-collisional magmatism formed as part of the prolonged extensional tectonics of the Rhodope region in Late Cretaceous– Paleogene time. This magmatism is considered to be of mantle origin; however, the character of the mantle source is controversial. Rock bulk chemistry and compositional variations show magmas with calc-alkaline to high-K calc-alkaline and shoshonitic features associated with magmatism at convergent margins. Initial 87Sr/86Sr, 143Nd/144Nd ratios, Pb isotopes and REE composition of the mafic rocks indicate mainly an enriched mantle source, even if some rocks indicate a depleted mantle source. Low- and High-K mafic members of these rocks coexist indicating a strongly heterogeneous mantle source. The High-K character of some of the mafic rocks is primarily strongly related to mantle enrichment by subduction-related components, rather than crustal contamination. The geochemical characteristics of the studied rocks (e.g Ba/Th,Th/Yb,Ba/La, U/Th, Ce/Pb) indicate that primarily sediments and/or sediment melts, rather than fluid released by the subducted oceanic crust controlled the source enrichment under the Rhodope Massif.

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3

Eleftheriadis, George. "Petrogenesis of the Oligocene volcanics from the Central Rhodope massif (N. Greece)." European Journal of Mineralogy 7, no. 5 (October 5, 1995): 1169–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1127/ejm/7/5/1169.

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4

Stavrev, K. Y., and I. S. Barzova. "Direct-Photography Observations by the 2 M RCC Telescope at Nao-Rozhen: Catalogue of Plates and Archive-Data Analysis." Symposium - International Astronomical Union 161 (1994): 371–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0074180900047690.

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The 2m Ritchey-Chrétien-Coudé (RCC) telescope of the National Astronomical Observatory, situated in the Rozhen massif of the Rhodope Mountains, started operating in 1980 (for a detailed description of the telescope see Gutcke [1979]). Since then, 2000 direct photographs have been obtained, most of them covering a 1° × 1° area on the sky with resolution 12.9 sec/mm.

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5

Lips, A. "Middle-Late Alpine thermotectonic evolution of the southern Rhodope Massif, Greece." Geodinamica Acta 13, no. 5 (October 2000): 281–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0985-3111(00)00042-5.

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6

Lips, Andor L. W., Stanley H. White, and Jan R. Wijbrans. "Middle-Late Alpine thermotectonic evolution of the southern Rhodope Massif, Greece." Geodinamica Acta 13, no. 5 (October 2000): 281–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09853111.2000.11105375.

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7

Burg, Jean-Pierre, Luc-Emmanuel Ricou, Zivko Ivano, Ivan Godfriaux, Dimo Dimov, and Laslo Klain. "Syn-metamorphic nappe complex in the Rhodope Massif. Structure and kinematics." Terra Nova 8, no. 1 (January 1996): 6–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3121.1996.tb00720.x.

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8

Hejl, Ewald, Herbert Weingartner, Eleftherios Vavliakis, and Antonios Psilovikos. "Macrorelief features and fission-track thermochronology of the Rila-Rhodope massif (Eastern Macedonia, Greece)." Zeitschrift für Geomorphologie 42, no. 4 (December 10, 1998): 517–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1127/zfg/42/1998/517.

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9

Sinnyovsky, Dimitar. "Precambrian metamorphites as part of the petrographic diversity of Rila Geopark." Review of the Bulgarian Geological Society 82, no. 1 (March 2021): 11–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.52215/rev.bgs.2021.82.1.3.

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The petrographic diversity of Rila Mountain is an important prerequisite for the development of Rila Geopark and its nomination for UNESCO Geopark. According to the principle of the thematic geodiversity, the leading theme of the geopark – glacial landscapes, is complemented by the remarkable petrographic diversity of igneous and metamorphic rocks, in which alpine glacial forms are developed. Following a recent review of the intrusive rocks that make up the Rila-West Rhodope Batholith, the concept of Rila Geopark would not be complete without a retrospective of the metamorphic rocks that are an integral part of its petrographic diversity. The different approaches (lithodemic and lithotectonic) to the mapping of the Rila-Rhodope Massif divided the geologists into two camps. This led to a discrepancy in terminology and nomenclature of the metamorphic units, which is unacceptable in the context of the educational priority of the geopark. For the purpose of geotourism, clear and understandable interpretations are required to provoke the visitors’ interest in geological processes and phenomena, rather than confusion and perplexity. This article is a historical overview of the geological study of the metamorphic terrains in Rila Mountain with a scheme of lithodemic units based on the existing lithostratigraphic nomenclature. This approach allows the preservation of the names of the lithostratigraphic units, whose toponymic adjectives derive from well known geographical features in the Rila-Rhodope Massif. The rank term is replaced by a lithological or descriptive term, which frees the nomenclature from the dogmatic restrictions of the stratigraphic code and reduces the distance between the strictly scientific and popular science approach used for interpretation of geological information in a popular language accessible to the general public. This methodology is consistent with the approach recommended for mapping of non-stratified bodies on the Geological Map of the Republic of Bulgaria at a scale 1:50 000.

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10

Mouchos, E., L. Papadopoulou, B. J. Williamson, and G. Christofides. "MARIALITIC SCAPOLITE OCCURENCES FROM THE KIMMERIA-LEFKOPETRA METAMORPHIC CONTACT, XANTHI (N. GREECE)." Bulletin of the Geological Society of Greece 50, no. 4 (July 28, 2017): 1943. http://dx.doi.org/10.12681/bgsg.14244.

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Emplacement of the Xanthi Plutonic Complex within the Rhodope Massif of N. Greece created an extensive metamorphic aureole around the plutonite. The aureole contains two areas of intense scapolitization in the contacts between granodiorite and biotitegneiss and between monzonite and sandstone, the latter cross-cut by andesite dykes. This paper reports the results of a mineralogical and geochemical study into the formation of the scapolites and particularly the nature of the plutonite-derived hydrothermal fluids from which scapolites were formed.

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11

HIMMERKUS, F., T. REISCHMANN, and D. KOSTOPOULOS. "Triassic rift-related meta-granites in the Internal Hellenides, Greece." Geological Magazine 146, no. 2 (January 20, 2009): 252–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s001675680800592x.

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AbstractThe Serbo-Macedonian Massif is a basement complex in the Internal Hellenides of northern Greece, situated between the Vardar Zone to the west and the Rhodope Massif to the east. The Serbo-Macedonian Massif comprises several distinct basement units interpreted as terranes, the largest of which is the Gondwana-derived Vertiskos Terrane in the northwestern and central parts of the massif. A series of leucocratic meta-granites intrude the Silurian orthogneiss basement of the Vertiskos Terrane. No similar granites are found in any of the other units of the Internal Hellenides. The meta-granites have a pronounced crustal within-plate signature which is visible in lithology, major- and trace-element geochemistry and the Sr isotopic compositions. These intrusions were dated using the Pb–Pb single-zircon evaporation method, and yielded a Triassic age of between 240.7 ± 2.6 Ma and 221.7 ± 1.9 Ma on 17 samples, with a mean age of 228.3 ± 5.6 Ma. The zircons are purely magmatic, indicating that ages are primary crystallization ages. A Rb–Sr errorchron of the whole-rock samples of the Arnea granite yielded an age of 231.6 ± 9.9 Ma (MSWD = 82), and a mean 87Sr/86Sr initial ratio is 0.7142, indicating a crust-dominated source, and suggesting an A-type origin for the granites. The A-type meta-granites together with mafic intrusive bodies (amphibolites) in the Vertiskos Terrane may be evidence of Triassic rifting that led to the formation of a branch of Neotethys (Vardar–Meliata Ocean). Similar rock associations are also exposed in the Cyclades, and in massifs of the wider eastern Mediterranean realm related to the Gondwana-derived Hun Terrane, indicating that the Arnea-type granites are representatives of a major regional rifting event in Triassic times.

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12

Baltatzis, E., J. Esson, and P. Mitropoulos. "Geochemical characteristics and petrogenesis of the main granitic intrusions of Greece: an application of trace element discrimination diagrams." Mineralogical Magazine 56, no. 385 (December 1992): 487–501. http://dx.doi.org/10.1180/minmag.1992.056.385.05.

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AbstractGeochemical investigation of samples from 20 granitic intrusions in six tectonic zones of the Hellenides shows that both I-type and S-type granites occur in the region. The I-type granites from four of the zones, namely the Rhodope Massif (RM), the Serbomacedonian Massif (SMM), the Perirhodope Zone (PRZ) and the Attico-cycladic Zone (ACZ), show some systematic differences in their geochemistry. In particular, the Rb, Y, Nb, K and Ti contents increase in the sequence PRZ, SMM, RM and ACZ. The PRZ granites are of Jurassic age, those of the SMM and RM are Eocene to Oligocene and the ACZ ones are Miocene. The differences between zones are attributed to a combination of differences in partial melting and high-pressure fractionation processes. Geochemical differences within zones are explained by variable degrees of amphibole and apatite fractionation and accumulation.

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13

Veit, Boriana, Jörg H. Kruhl, and Philip Machev. "Multiple syntectonic granitoid intrusions during the Alpine development of the Rhodope Massif (southern Bulgaria): preliminary results." Neues Jahrbuch für Geologie und Paläontologie - Abhandlungen 228, no. 3 (June 30, 2003): 321–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1127/njgpa/228/2003/321.

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14

Bonev, Nikolay, Richard Spikings, and Robert Moritz. "40Ar/39Ar age constraints for an early Alpine metamorphism of the Sakar unit, Sakar–Strandzha zone, Bulgaria." Geological Magazine 157, no. 12 (September 14, 2020): 2106–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0016756820000953.

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AbstractWe investigated the Sakar unit metamorphic rocks of the Sakar–Strandzha zone in Bulgaria, using 40Ar/39Ar dating of amphibole from the polymetamorphic basement and white mica in the overlying upper Permian metasedimentary rocks of the Paleokastro Formation. The amphibole and white mica revealed plateau ages of 140.50 ± 1.75 Ma and 126.19 ± 1.29 Ma, respectively, indicating an Early Cretaceous cooling history of the regional amphibolite-facies metamorphism to greenschist-facies conditions. Similar metamorphic grades and cooling histories of the Sakar unit share evidence with the nearby Rhodope Massif for the northern Aegean region-wide early Alpine tectonometamorphic event.

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15

ZANANIRI, I. "The method of anisotropy of magnetic susceptibility: theory and applications. A case study from the Rhodope massif." Bulletin of the Geological Society of Greece 34, no. 4 (January 1, 2001): 1393. http://dx.doi.org/10.12681/bgsg.17233.

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The anisotropy of magnetic susceptibility is a physical property of the rocks widely used in petrofabric studies and other applications. It is based on the measurement of low-field magnetic susceptibility in different directions along the sample. From this process several scalar properties arise, defining the magnitude and symmetry of the AMS ellipsoid, along with the magnetic foliation and lineation, namely the magnetic fabric. A case study is presented, dealing with the deformation of the Mont-Louis-Andorra pluton. Finally, the method was applied in Tertiary magmatic rocks from the Rhodope Massif, revealing their magnetic character and internal structures.

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16

Bonev, Nikolay, Robert Moritz, Istvan Márton, Massimo Chiaradia, and Peter Marchev. "Geochemistry, tectonics, and crustal evolution of basement rocks in the Eastern Rhodope Massif, Bulgaria." International Geology Review 52, no. 2-3 (June 4, 2009): 269–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00206810802674493.

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17

Nimfopoulos, M. K., and R. A. D. Pattrick. "Mineralogical and textural evolution of the economic manganese mineralisation in western Rhodope massif, N. Greece." Mineralogical Magazine 55, no. 380 (September 1991): 423–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1180/minmag.1991.055.380.12.

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AbstractThe western Rhodope massif contains a significant number of ‘battery grade’ Mn-oxide deposits which are best developed in the area near Kato Nevrokopi, Drama district, N. Greece. Economic Mn-oxide ore concentrations are confined to fault zones and related karsts in marbles. The mineralisation has formed by weathering of hydrothermal veins that were genetically related to Oligocene magmatism.At Kato Nevrokopi, progressive and continuous weathering of primary, hydrothermal veins of rhodochrosite, mixed sulphide, quartz and ‘black calcite’ (calcite and todorokite) has resulted in the formation of the assemblage MnO-gel-(amorphous Mn-oxide)-todorokite-azurite-goethite-cerussite in the veins and the assemblage MnO-gel-nsutite-chalcophanite-birnessite-cryptomelane-pyrolusite and malachite and amorphous Fe-oxides in karstic cavities.The fs2 and fO2 of the hydrothermal fluids increased with time. The breakdown of the hypogene Mn-carbonate was aided by the production of an acidic fluid due to the oxidation of sulphides. Precipitation of the supergene ores was caused by neutralisation of the fluids due to reaction with the host marble and to mixing of relatively reduced fluids with oxygenated surface water in a fluctuation water table regime. Zinc was also mobile during weathering and became concentrated in the intermediate Mn-oxides, effectively stabilising their structures. The mineral paragenesis records the progressive oxidation of the ore and the appearance of less hydrated Mn-oxides, low in alkalis and alkaline earths.

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18

Soldatos, T., A. Koroneos, G. Christofides, and A. Del Moro. "Geochronology and origin of the Elatia plutonite (Hellenic Rhodope Massif, N. Greece) constrained by new Sr isotopic data." Neues Jahrbuch für Mineralogie - Abhandlungen 176, no. 2 (June 22, 2001): 179–209. http://dx.doi.org/10.1127/njma/176/2001/179.

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19

Burg, Jean-Pierre, Zivko Ivanov, Luc-Emmanuel Ricou, Dimo Dimor, and Laslo Klain. "Implications of shear-sense criteria for the tectonic evolution of the Central Rhodope massif, southern Bulgaria." Geology 18, no. 5 (1990): 451. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/0091-7613(1990)018<0451:iosscf>2.3.co;2.

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20

SUNAL, G., M. SATIR, B. A. NATAL'IN, G. TOPUZ, and O. VONDERSCHMIDT. "Metamorphism and diachronous cooling in a contractional orogen: the Strandja Massif, NW Turkey." Geological Magazine 148, no. 4 (January 19, 2011): 580–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0016756810001020.

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AbstractThe southern part of the Strandja Massif, northern Thrace, Turkey, comprises a basement of various gneisses, micaschists and rare amphibolite, and a cover of metaconglomerate and metasandstone, separated from each other by a pre-metamorphic unconformity. Metamorphic grade decreases from the epidote–amphibolite facies in the south to the albite–epidote–amphibolite/greenschist-facies transition in the north. Estimated P–T conditions are 485–530°C and 0.60–0.80 GPa in the epidote–amphibolite facies domain, and decrease towards the transitional domain between greenschist- and epidote–amphibolite facies. Rb–Sr muscovite ages range from 162.9 ± 1.6 Ma to 149.1 ± 2.1 Ma, and are significantly older (279–296 Ma) in the northernmost part of the study area. The Rb–Sr biotite ages decrease from 153.9 ± 1.5 Ma in the south to 134.4 ± 1.3 Ma in the north. These age values in conjunction with the attained temperatures suggest that the peak metamorphism occurred at around 160 Ma and cooling happened diachronously, and Rb–Sr muscovite ages were not reset during the metamorphism in the northernmost part. Structural features such as (i) consistent S-dipping foliation and SW to SE-plunging stretching lineation, (ii) top-to-the-N shear sense, and (iii) N-vergent ductile shear zones and brittle thrusts suggest a N-vergent compressional deformation coupled with exhumation. We tentatively ascribe this metamorphism and subsequent diachronous cooling to the northward propagation of a thrust slice. The compressional events in the Strandja Massif were most probably related to the coeval N-vergent subduction/collision system in the southerly lying Rhodope Massif.

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21

Karantoni, Vilelmini, Stefanos Karampelas, Panagiotis Voudouris, Vasilios Melfos, Lambrini Papadopoulou, Triantafyllos Soldatos, and Constantinos Mavrogonatos. "Spectroscopy and Microscopy of Corundum from Primary Deposits Found in Greece." Minerals 11, no. 7 (July 10, 2021): 750. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/min11070750.

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Corundum primary deposits in Greece occur in four locations: Paranesti in Drama and Gorgona in Xanthi, both belonging to the wider Rhodope Massif, as well as, Ikaria island and Kinidaros in Naxos island, both belonging to Attic-Cycladic Massif. Eight samples were examined with spectroscopic methods (FTIR, UV-Vis, EDXRF) in order to better characterize these four primary deposits: two pink sapphires from Paranesti, a pink and a blue sapphire from Gorgona, two blue sapphires from Ikaria and three blue sapphires from Kinidaros. Under the microscope, all samples present characteristics linked to post-crystallization deformation, decreasing their gem quality. The FTIR absorption spectra of all samples present in different relative intensities, bands of boehmite, diaspore, goethite, mica and/or chlorite inclusions and CO2 in fluid inclusions. Boehmite and diaspore inclusions are most likely epigenetic. In the UV-Vis spectra, the pink color of the samples is linked with Cr3+ absorptions and the blue color with absorptions due to Fe2+-Ti4+ intervalence charge transfer. EDXRF analyses in the studied samples show relatively high titanium and iron concentrations that are related with mineral inclusions. Gallium is slightly variable in samples from different regions; also, different colored samples from Gorgona present diverse gallium content.

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22

Georgirva, Milena, and Tzvetomila Vladinova. "Exotic garnet–clinopyroxene–K-feldspar granulites from the Chepelare shear zone, Central Rhodope massif, Bulgaria: implications for high-pressure granulite facies metamorphism." Geologica Balcanica 48, no. 3 (December 2019): 49–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.52321/geolbalc.48.3.49.

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Garnet–clinopyroxene–K-feldspar granulite occurs as a thick layer or boudin within the variegated rocks of the Chepelare shear zone in the Central Rhodope massif, Bulgaria. It consists of several domains: mesocratic homogeneous matrix (clinopyroxene–plagioclase–K-feldspar–quartz ± amphibole), porphyroblastic garnet, K-feldspar and clinopyroxene, and strongly foliated fine-grain bands (chloritized biotite–chlorite–prehnite–albite ± epidote). The origin and nature of the matrix mineral association is still unclear. The peak porphyroblast association forms at the expense of plagioclase from the matrix at higher pressure. The fine-grain deformation zones channel the lattermost fluid infiltration. The clinopyroxene-garnet and Zr-in-titanite thermometry give temperatures higher than 790–860 ºC at 2 GPa and, with thermodynamic modeling, suggests crystallization at ~1.8–2.1 GPa and temperature of ~850 ºC in HP granulite field for the porphyroblast granulite association.

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23

Fitros, Michalis, Stylianos F. Tombros, Sotirios Kokkalas, Stephanos P. Kilias, Maria Perraki, Vasilios Skliros, Xenofon C. Simos, et al. "REE-enriched skarns in collisional settings: The example of Xanthi's Fe-skarn, Rhodope Metallogenetic Massif, Northern Greece." Lithos 370-371 (October 2020): 105638. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.lithos.2020.105638.

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24

ELEFTHERIADIS, G., W. FRANK, and K. PETRAKAKIS. "40 Ar/39/Ar dating and cooling history of the Pangeon granitoids, Rhodope Massif (Eastern Macedonia, Greece)." Bulletin of the Geological Society of Greece 34, no. 3 (January 1, 2001): 911. http://dx.doi.org/10.12681/bgsg.17116.

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The Pangeon granitoids are distinguished into two pétrographie types with sharp contacts: (a) heterogranular, medium- to coarse-grained, hornblende+biotite- bearing porphyritic tonalités and granodiorites (PTG), and, (b) equigranular, medium-grained, biotite±muscovite-bearing granodiorites and granites (MGG). Dark-coloured, medium-grained monzodioritic enclaves occur in PTG rocks. Hornblende 40Ar/39Ar spectra from the PTG rocks yielded cooling ages of 21.7±0.5 Ma to 18.8±0.6 Ma. With the exception one sample, the corresponding hornblende ages from enclaves coincide well with the above ages. The age of 21.7±0.5 Ma is considered as the lower limit for the PTG rocks emplacement. Muscoviteplateau ages of c. 15.7±0.5 Ma and total gas biotite ages of 15.2±0.4 Ma to 13.8±0.5 Ma from the studied rocks, constrain the cooling history of the Pangeon granitoids (with some local variations) in the range 430 - 300Ί C.

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Zagorčev, Ivan S. "Structure and tectonic evolution of the Pirin-Pangaion Structural Zone (Rhodope Massif, southern Bulgaria and northern Greece)." Geological Journal 29, no. 3 (April 30, 2007): 241–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/gj.3350290305.

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26

Eliopoulos and Eliopoulos. "Factors Controlling the Gallium Preference in High-Al Chromitites." Minerals 9, no. 10 (October 10, 2019): 623. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/min9100623.

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Gallium (Ga) belongs to the group of critical metals and is of noticeable research interest. Although Ga3+ is highly compatible in high-Al spinels a convincing explanation of the positive Ga3+–Al3+ correlation has not yet been proposed. In the present study, spinel-chemistry and geochemical data of high-Al and high-Cr chromitites from Greece, Bulgaria and the Kempirsai Massif (Urals) reveals a strong negative correlation (R ranges from −0.95 to −0.98) between Cr/(Cr + Al) ratio and Ga in large chromite deposits, suggesting that Ga hasn’t been affected by re-equilibration processes. In contrast, chromite occurrences of Pindos and Rhodope massifs show depletion in Ga and Al and elevated Mn, Co, Zn and Fe contents, resulting in changes (sub-solidus reactions), during the evolution of ophiolites. Application of literature experimental data shows an abrupt increase of the inversion parameter (x) of spinels at high temperature, in which the highest values correspond to low-Cr3+ samples. Therefore, key factors controlling the preference of Ga3+ in high-Al chromitites may be the composition of the parent magma, temperature, redox conditions, the disorder degree of spinels and the ability of Al3+ to occupy both octahedral and tetrahedral sites. In contrast, the competing Cr3+ can occupy only octahedral sites (due to its electronic configuration) and the Ga3+ shows a strong preference on tetrahedral sites.

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27

Tarantola, Voudouris, Eglinger, Scheffer, Trebus, Bitte, Rondeau, et al. "Metamorphic and Metasomatic Kyanite-Bearing Mineral Assemblages of Thassos Island (Rhodope, Greece)." Minerals 9, no. 4 (April 25, 2019): 252. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/min9040252.

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The Trikorfo area (Thassos Island, Rhodope massif, Northern Greece) represents a unique mineralogical locality with Mn-rich minerals including kyanite, andalusite, garnet and epidote. Their vivid colors and large crystal size make them good indicators of gem-quality materials, although crystals found up to now are too fractured to be considered as marketable gems. The dominant lithology is represented by a garnet–kyanite–biotite–hematite–plagioclase ± staurolite ± sillimanite paragneiss. Thermodynamic Perple_X modeling indicates conditions of ca. 630–710 °C and 7.8–10.4 kbars. Post-metamorphic metasomatic silicate and calc-silicate (Mn-rich)-minerals are found within (i) green-red horizons with a mineralogical zonation from diopside, hornblende, epidote and grossular, (ii) mica schists containing spessartine, kyanite, andalusite and piemontite, and (iii) weakly deformed quartz-feldspar coarse-grained veins with kyanite at the interface with the metamorphic gneiss. The transition towards brittle conditions is shown by Alpine-type tension gashes, including spessartine–epidote–clinochlore–hornblende-quartz veins, cross-cutting the metamorphic foliation. Kyanite is of particular interest because it is present in the metamorphic paragenesis and locally in metasomatic assemblages with a large variety of colors (zoned blue to green/yellow-transparent and orange). Element analyses and UV-near infrared spectroscopy analyses indicate that the variation in color is due to a combination of Ti4+–Fe2+, Fe3+ and Mn3+ substitutions with Al3+. Structural and mineralogical observations point to a two-stage evolution of the Trikorfo area, where post-metamorphic hydrothermal fluid circulation lead locally to metasomatic reactions from ductile to brittle conditions during Miocene exhumation of the high-grade host-rocks. The large variety of mineral compositions and assemblages points to a local control of the mineralogy and fO2 conditions during metasomatic reactions and interactions between hydrothermal active fluids with surrounding rocks.

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Neofotistos, Petros Georgios, Markos Damianos Tranos, and Renée Heilbronner. "Geology and deformation of the Serbo-Macedonian massif in the northern part of the Athos Peninsula, Northern Greece: Insights from two detailed cross-sections." Bulletin of the Geological Society of Greece 56, no. 1 (July 21, 2020): 167. http://dx.doi.org/10.12681/bgsg.22529.

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The Athos peninsula occupies the south-eastern part of the wider Chalkidiki peninsula in Central Macedonia, Greece. It is mainly built up by crystalline rocks belonging to the Serbo-Macedonian massif, traditionally constituting, along with the Rhodope massif, the Hellenic hinterland. According to the basic geological map of the peninsula, its northern part is mainly composed of marbles grouped into the Kerdyllion Unit, and biotite gneisses and two-mica gneisses grouped into the Vertiskos Unit of the Serbo-Macedonian massif, whereas the contact between the units is considered as a normal contact, although it has been re-evaluated as tectonic later on. Moreover, amphibolites and ultramafic rocks exist along with the previously mentioned rocks, making the geology and relationship between the two units much more complicated. Two detailed cross-sections and structural analysis permit us to revise the geology of the region concluding that the marbles, the amphibolite gneisses, formerly independent amphibolites, and the biotite gneisses belong to the Kerdyllion Unit that is strongly characterized by migmatization and anatexis, whereas the Vertiskos Unit is represented predominantly by two-mica gneisses that were not extensively, if at all, affected by these phenomena. Isoclinal folding and intense shearing with an overall top-to-the-S sense of shear resulted in the main fabric of the rocks and the mylonitic shear zone between the units. More importantly, the two-mica gneiss of the Vertiskos Unit is sandwiched between the rocks of the Kerdyllion Unit. We attribute both isoclinal folding and shearing to a Mesozoic tectonic event associated with an amphibolite facies metamorphism, leading to an Alpine reworking of the Serbo-Macedonian massif. This Alpine reworking continues during Eocene times with an ENE-WSW compression, giving rise to asymmetric to inverted folds, co-axially refolding pre-existing fabrics and structures. Our work strongly suggests that the overall structure and tectono-stratigraphy concerning the Vertiskos and Kerdyllion Units as well as the contact between them should not be based on the existence of the marbles, as traditionally followed up till now, but on the migmatization and anatexis processes that are almost absent from the rocks of the Vertiskos Unit.

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Tranos, Markos D., Georgios E. Eleftheriadis, and Adamantios A. Kilias. "Philippi granitoid as a proxy for the Oligocene and Miocene crustal deformation in the Rhodope Massif (Eastern Macedonia, Greece)." Geotectonic Research 96, no. 1 (November 1, 2009): 69–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1127/1864-5658/09/96-0069.

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González-Jiménez, José María, Fernando Gervilla, Thomas Kerestedjian, and Joaquín Antonio Proenza. "Alteration of Platinum-Group and Base-Metal Mineral Assemblages in Ophiolite Chromitites from the Dobromirtsi Massif, Rhodope Mountains (Bulgaria)." Resource Geology 60, no. 4 (November 23, 2010): 315–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1751-3928.2010.00138.x.

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Leggo, P. J., J. J. Cochemé, A. Demant, and W. T. Lee. "The role of argillic alteration in the zeolitization of volcanic glass." Mineralogical Magazine 65, no. 5 (October 2001): 653–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1180/002646101317018479.

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AbstractThe pseudomorphic replacement of glass shards by zeolite minerals is a common feature of volcanoclastic sediments. In the majority of cases the initial stage of this reaction is the alteration of the glass surface to a clay mineral or celadonite after which the bulk of the glass is altered to zeolite. This replacement feature is seen particularly well in glass of rhyolitic composition; the zeolite mineral usually being clinoptilolite. Volcanoclastic rocks of Oligocene age exposed in the Rhodope Massif, Bulgaria offered an opportunity to study this reaction experimentally as rocks containing unaltered glass shards are known to be close stratigraphic equivalents of zeolitized tuffs and in this respect are considered to be precursor rocks. Low-temperature hydrothermal reactions conducted on the unaltered glass, which had been clay coated in the laboratory, demonstrates the importance of the clay-glass interface. An hypothesis is put forward to explain this type of zeolitization process and a distinction is drawn between these rocks and other sediments in which zeolite minerals form from volcanic glass without the presence of a clay interface.

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ΚΙΛΙΑΣ, Α. "Late orogenic extension in Hellenides." Bulletin of the Geological Society of Greece 34, no. 1 (January 1, 2001): 149. http://dx.doi.org/10.12681/bgsg.16955.

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In the Hellenic orogen both typs of late orogenic extension, associated with deep crustal parts exhumation, are recognized during the Tertiare: In the areas of Olympos-Ossa and Pelion Mts in Northern Greece, as well as in the island of Crete in Southern Greece a bivergent late orogenic extension is recognized. Nappes collapse took place immediately above the cold accretionary wedge while compression was active at depth. Heer high pressure assemplages were good preserved. On the contrary, in the Rhodope and Cyclades areas an asymmetric extension dominates. Heer extensional exhumation of deep crustal rocks took place in the high thermal flow back-arc region and high pressure metamorphic rocks were highly overprinted by greenschist to amphibolite facies metamorphism. Partial melting and granitoids intrusions followed the high grade metamorphic reworking of the rocks. Tertiary late orogenic extension in the Hellenides tooke place simultaneously with successive subductions processes and crustal thickening at the front of the extended plate, forming with the associated compression a SW-ward migrated system. Extension started in the Rhodope massif during the Eocene/Oligocene to be reached in the Olympos, Ossa, Pilion and Cyclades areas in the Oligocene/Miocene and final in the Crete island at the more external Hellenides, during the Mid-Miocene. Changes in the rate of convergence between Africa and Eurasia associated with retreating plate boundaries conditions allowed the successive, extensional exhumation of the deep crustal rocks in the Hellenides. Assymetric collapse in the back-arc area was possibly favoured, because the high potential energy of the thickened crust in the active orogenic arc was counteracted by the continuing subduction along the boundaries of the converging segments of Africa and Eurasia. Symmetric collapse of the overthickened crust above the cold accretionary prism was favoured probably, due to an increasing of the upward pressure produced by the unterplating of the lithospheric slap beneath the accretionary wedge.

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Kalogeropoulos, S. I., S. P. Kilias, and N. D. Arvanitidis. "Physicochemical conditions of deposition and origin of carbonate-hosted base metal sulfide mineralization, Thermes ore-field, Rhodope Massif, northeastern Greece." Mineralium Deposita 31, no. 5 (July 1996): 407–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00189188.

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Kalogeropoulos, S. I., S. P. Kilias, and N. D. Arvanitidis. "Physicochemical conditions of deposition and origin of carbonate-hosted base metal sulfide mineralization, Thermes ore-field, Rhodope Massif, northeastern Greece." Mineralium Deposita 31, no. 5 (July 1, 1996): 407–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001260050048.

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Marchev, Peter, Majka Kaiser-Rohrmeier, Christoph Heinrich, Maria Ovtcharova, Albrecht von Quadt, and Raya Raicheva. "2: Hydrothermal ore deposits related to post-orogenic extensional magmatism and core complex formation: The Rhodope Massif of Bulgaria and Greece." Ore Geology Reviews 27, no. 1-4 (November 2005): 53–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.oregeorev.2005.07.027.

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PUNTURO, ROSALDA, ROSOLINO CIRRINCIONE, EUGENIO FAZIO, PATRIZIA FIANNACCA, HARTMUT KERN, KURT MENGEL, GAETANO ORTOLANO, and ANTONINO PEZZINO. "Microstructural, compositional and petrophysical properties of mylonitic granodiorites from an extensional shear zone (Rhodope Core complex, Greece)." Geological Magazine 151, no. 6 (February 24, 2014): 1051–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s001675681300109x.

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AbstractAt the southern boundary of the Rhodope Massif, NE Greece, the Kavala Shear Zone (KSZ) represents an example of the Eastern Mediterranean deep-seated extensional tectonic setting. During Miocene time, extensional deformation favoured syntectonic emplacement and subsequent exhumation of plutonic bodies. This paper deals with the strain-related changes in macroscopic, geochemical and microstructural properties of the lithotypes collected along the KSZ, comprising granitoids from the pluton, aplitic dykes and host rock gneisses. Moreover, we investigated the evolution of seismic anisotropy on a suite of granitoid mylonites as a result of progressive strain. Isotropic compressional and shear wave velocities (Vp,Vs) and densities calculated from modal proportions and single-crystal elastic properties at given pressure–temperature (P–T) conditions are compared to respective experimental data including the directional dependence (anisotropy) of wave velocities. Compared to the calculated isotropic velocities, which are similar for all of the investigated mylonites (average values:Vp~ 5.87 km s−1,Vs~ 3.4 km s−1,Vp/Vs= 1.73 and density = 2.65 g cm−3), the seismic measurements give evidence for marked P-wave velocity anisotropy up to 6.92% (at 400 MPa) in the most deformed rock due to marked microstructural changes with progressive strain, as highlighted by the alignment of mica, chlorite minerals and quartz ribbons. The highest P- and S-wave velocities are parallel to the foliation plane and lowest normal to the foliation plane. Importantly,Vpremains constant within the foliation with progressive strain, but decreases normal to foliation. The potential of the observed seismic anisotropy of the KSZ mylonites with respect to detectable seismic reflections is briefly discussed.

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37

Georgiadis, G. Α., M. D. Tranos, and D. M. Mountrakis. "LATE-AND POST-ALPINE TECTONIC EVOLUTION OF THE SOUTHERN PART OF THE ATHOS PENINSULA, NORTHERN GREECE." Bulletin of the Geological Society of Greece 40, no. 1 (June 8, 2018): 309. http://dx.doi.org/10.12681/bgsg.16576.

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The boundary between Internal Hellenides and the Hellenic hinterland is exposed in the southern part of the Athos peninsula as a NE-SW trending contact between the Serbomacedonian massif and the Circum-Rhodope Belt. The main tectonic features and deformation of the area during late- and post-alpine times have been investigated in order to understand better the late orogenic processes that led to the present arrangement of this boundary. The field study showed that the prevailing structures in the southern Athos peninsula are an asymmetric, SW-plunging, NWverging mega-scale antiform and a NE-SW striking left-lateral shear zone. These structures are the result of a transpressional deformation that initiated at least since the Eocene under ductile, syn-metamorphic (low-greenschist fades) conditions and progressively changed during the Oligocene-Early Miocene to brittle conditions with E-W striking reverse faults-thrusts and NNW-SSE striking right-lateral and NESW striking left-lateral strike-slip faults. This deformation waned in Middle Miocene changing to transtension with E- W striking, left-lateral strike-slip and NW-SE rightlateral oblique to normal faults. Since the Late Miocene an extensional regime dominates the area with the least principal stress axis (σ3) orientated NE-SW during Late Miocene - Pliocene andN-Sfrom Early Pleistocene -present

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Bonev, N., R. Spikings, R. Moritz, and P. Marchev. "Structural and40Ar/39Ar age constraints on the Kulidjik nappe: A record of an early Alpine thrust tectonics in the northeastern Rhodope Massif, Bulgaria." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 2 (July 1, 2008): 012016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1307/2/1/012016.

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39

Katerinopoulou, A., A. Katerinopoulos, P. Voudouris, A. Bieniok, M. Musso, and G. Amthauer. "A multi-analytical study of the crystal structure of unusual Ti–Zr–Cr-rich Andradite from the Maronia skarn, Rhodope massif, western Thrace, Greece." Mineralogy and Petrology 95, no. 1-2 (September 23, 2008): 113–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00710-008-0023-4.

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40

Gautier, Pierre, Valérie Bosse, Zlatka Cherneva, Amélie Didier, Ianko Gerdjikov, and Massimo Tiepolo. "Polycyclic alpine orogeny in the Rhodope metamorphic complex: the record in migmatites from the Nestos shear zone (N. Greece)." Bulletin de la Société géologique de France 188, no. 6 (2017): 36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/bsgf/2017195.

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The Rhodope Metamorphic Complex (RMC) is a high-grade crystalline massif located at the northern margin of the Aegean region. Numerous scenarios have been proposed for the evolution of the RMC during Alpine times. A debated issue is whether there has been a single protracted orogenic cycle since around the mid-Mesozoic or whether Alpine orogeny involved distinct episodes of subduction and crustal accretion. We describe a key outcrop located on the Nestos Shear Zone (NSZ), a major NNE-dipping top-to-SW shear zone characterized by an inverted metamorphic sequence. Structural and petrological data document the existence of two anatectic events. The first event, best preserved in decametric structural lenses, is pre-kinematic with respect to top-to-SW shearing and involved high-temperature “dry” melting. Zircon and monazite LA-ICPMS U-Th-Pb data indicate that this event occurred at ∼140 Ma. The second event is syn-kinematic with respect to top-to-SW shearing and involved lower-temperature water-assisted melting. Zircon and rutile LA-ICPMS U-Pb data indicate that this second event occurred at ∼40 Ma. During ongoing top-to-SW shearing and as late as ∼36 Ma, the rocks from the outcrop were at higher temperatures than the peak temperatures experienced by lower levels of the NSZ. This confirms the existence of the inverted metamorphic sequence and demonstrates that the NSZ was a major thrust at 36–40 Ma. The ∼100 Myr time laps between the two anatectic events encompasses the period from ∼115 to ∼70 Ma characterized by a gap in the geochronological record on the scale of the RMC (the Eastern Rhodope excluded). This ∼45 Myr gap likely reflects a period of tectonic quiescence between the mid-Mesozoic orogen and the Cenozoic one, attesting for polycyclic Alpine orogeny in the RMC. Unlike assumed in several geodynamic scenarios, the Alpine evolution of the RMC did not consist of a single orogenic cycle of Mesozoic age followed by Cenozoic crustal-scale extension triggered by mantle delamination. Polycyclic orogeny has resulted in a two-loop P-T-t path for the hangingwall unit of the NSZ. The Cenozoic P-T paths of this unit and the footwall unit merged while both units were being exhumed, a feature attributed to syn-thrusting extensional spreading of the main mass of the hangingwall unit above the NSZ.

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Voudouris, P., A. Xinou, C. Kanellopoulos, M. Kati, C. Mavrogonatos, and P. Lyberopoulos. "A new occurrence of pyrophanite from the amphibolite-hosted skarn in Western Kimmeria, Xanthi, Northern Greece." Bulletin of the Geological Society of Greece 47, no. 1 (September 5, 2013): 487. http://dx.doi.org/10.12681/bgsg.11027.

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A new occurrence of pyrophanite (MnTiO3) in Greece is described from the garnetclinopyroxene-wollastonite exoskarn of western Kimmeria. Hostrock of the pyrophanite-bearing skarn is amphibolite (retrogressed eclogites) of the Nestos suture zone in the Rhodope massif. In addition endo- and exo-skarns occur both in the Xanthi granodiorite and the surrouding marbles and consinst of diopside-vesuvianitequartz and wollastonite-garnet-calcite-quartz respectively. Pyrophanite formed in the prograde stage, together with garnet, pyroxene, wollastonite, titanite, zircon, rutile, thorite and ouranothorianite. Retrograde minerals are quartz, epidote, calcite, hematite, and sulfides. Chlorite-geothermometry revealed temperatures in the range from 300 to 350 oC for the retrograde event. Calcic garnets (andraditegrossular solid solutions) from the prograde amphibolite-hosted skarn are chemically zoned with either isotropic or anisotropic cores surrounded by non-cubic anisotropic rims, thus suggesting chemical disequilibrium or disordering phenomena during crystal growth. The pyrophanite crystals are included in titanite and are accompanied by U-rich thorium minerals (uranothorianite, thorite) and by rutile. Electron microprobe analyses indicate that the studied pyrophanites are solid solutions between end-member pyrophanite and ilmenite, with isomorphous substitution of Mn2+ by Fe2+. No Mg has been detected (geikielite end-member). The alteration of pyrophanite and rutile to titanite suggests an increase of fO2 values of the fluids, probably due to increased incursion of meteoric waters to the system. The assemblage thorite, uranothorianite, pyrophanite and zircon indicates a magmatic contribution from the Xanthi granodiorite.

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Bonev, Nikolay, Richard Spikings, Robert Moritz, and Peter Marchev. "The effect of early Alpine thrusting in late-stage extensional tectonics: Evidence from the Kulidzhik nappe and the Pelevun extensional allochthon in the Rhodope Massif, Bulgaria." Tectonophysics 488, no. 1-4 (June 2010): 256–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tecto.2010.01.001.

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43

Uher, Pavel, Marian Janák, Patrik Konečný, and Mirijam Vrabec. "Rare-element granitic pegmatite of Miocene age emplaced in UHP rocks from Visole, Pohorje Mountains (Eastern Alps, Slovenia): accessory minerals, monazite and uraninite chemical dating." Geologica Carpathica 65, no. 2 (April 1, 2014): 131–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/geoca-2014-0009.

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Abstract The granitic pegmatite dike intruded the Cretaceous UHP rocks at Visole, near Slovenska Bistrica, in the Pohorje Mountains (Slovenia). The rock consists mainly of K-feldspar, albite and quartz, subordinate muscovite and biotite, while the accessory minerals include spessartine-almandine, zircon, ferrocolumbite, fluorapatite, monazite- (Ce), uraninite, and magnetite. Compositions of garnet (Sps48-49Alm45-46Grs + And3-4 Prp1.5-2), metamict zircon with 3.5 to 7.8 wt. % HfO2 [atom. 100Hf/(Hf + Zr) = 3.3-7.7] and ferrocolumbite [atom. Mn/(Mn + Fe) = 0.27-0.43, Ta/(Ta + Nb) = 0.03-0.46] indicate a relatively low to medium degree of magmatic fractionation, characteristic of the muscovite - rare-element class or beryl-columbite subtype of the rare-element class pegmatites. Monazite-(Ce) reveals elevated Th and U contents (≤11 wt. % ThO2, ≤5 wt. % UO2). The monazite-garnet geothermometer shows a possible precipitation temperature of ~495 ± 30 °C at P~4 to 5 kbar. Chemical U-Th-Pb dating of the monazite yielded a Miocene age (17.2 ± 1.8 Ma), whereas uraninite gave a younger (~14 Ma) age. These ages are comtemporaneous with the main crystallization and emplacement of the Pohorje pluton and adjacent volcanic rocks (20 to 15 Ma), providing the first documented evidence of Neogene granitic pegmatites in the Eastern Alps. Consequently, the Visole pegmatite belongs to the youngest rare-element granitic pegmatite populations in Europe, together with the Paleogene pegmatite occurrences along the Periadriatic (Insubric) Fault System in the Alps and in the Rhodope Massif, as well as the Late Miocene to Pliocene pegmatites in the Tuscany magmatic province (mainly on the Island of Elba).

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Bonev, Nikolay, Richard Spikings, Robert Moritz, Peter Marchev, and David Collings. "40Ar/39Ar age constraints on the timing of Tertiary crustal extension and its temporal relation to ore-forming and magmatic processes in the Eastern Rhodope Massif, Bulgaria." Lithos 180-181 (November 2013): 264–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.lithos.2013.05.014.

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45

Bonev, Nikolay, Maria Ovtcharova-Schaltegger, Robert Moritz, Peter Marchev, and Alexey Ulianov. "Peri-Gondwanan Ordovician crustal fragments in the high-grade basement of the Eastern Rhodope Massif, Bulgaria: evidence from U-Pb LA-ICP-MS zircon geochronology and geochemistry." Geodinamica Acta 26, no. 3-4 (November 27, 2013): 207–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09853111.2013.858942.

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46

Siamak, Mansouri Far. "Geothermal field of the transition area between the Anatolian Plate and the East European Platform." Journal of the Belarusian State University. Geography and Geology, no. 2 (November 29, 2019): 133–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.33581/2521-6740-2019-2-133-148.

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Heat flow data from the Eastern Mediterranean region indicates an extensive province of low heat flow, spreading over the whole basin of the Mediterranean to the east of Crete (Levantine Sea), Cyprus, and Northern Egypt. Surface geology of East Anatolia is complex because of recent active tectonic and volcanic activity. The region is composed of major tectonic units of Pontides, the Anatolid-Tauride Belt and Bitlis Suture Zone, North and East Anatolian faults. Ophiolitic and young volcanic rocks can be observed in many parts of East Anatolia. The Black Sea is surrounded by the Alpine-Himalayan Orogenic Belt of Crimea, Greater Caucasus, Pontides, Rhodope-Stranja Massif, Eastern Srednegorie, North Dobrogea and older tectonic units of different origins and ages such as the Precambrian East European Craton, Moesian Platform, Istanbul Zone and Adzhar-Trialet Folded System. Low heat flow density dominates in the Black Sea. The lowest (less•30 mW/m2 ) values have been recorded in central parts of the Western and Eastern Black Sea basins with maximal sedimentary thickness. Geothermal studies within the territories of Ukraine have been under way since sixties. Many important features of the thermal field remain unstudied. This applies in particular to the Ukrainian Shield and to the southern part of the Carpathian region. In general, the territory of Alpine folding within Turkey, Marmara and Aegean seas, Caucasus is characterized by high heat flow. The anomaly of its highest values (above 100 –150 mW/m2 ) exists within western Turkey, where tectonic conditions of extension prevail and underground steam is used to produce electricity. Three heat flow density profiles crossing the studied region and heat flow map were compiled.

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Proyer, A., E. Mposkos, I. Baziotis, and G. Hoinkes. "Tracing high-pressure metamorphism in marbles: Phase relations in high-grade aluminous calcite–dolomite marbles from the Greek Rhodope massif in the system CaO–MgO–Al2O3–SiO2–CO2 and indications of prior aragonite." Lithos 104, no. 1-4 (August 2008): 119–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.lithos.2007.12.002.

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48

Bonev, Nikolay, Peter Marchev, Robert Moritz, and David Collings. "Jurassic subduction zone tectonics of the Rhodope Massif in the Thrace region (NE Greece) as revealed by new U–Pb and 40Ar/39Ar geochronology of the Evros ophiolite and high-grade basement rocks." Gondwana Research 27, no. 2 (February 2015): 760–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.gr.2014.08.008.

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Michailidou, Eleni, Michael Vavelidis, Lambrini Papadopoulou, and Nikolaos Kantiranis. "Mineralogical and Geochemical Study of the Zeolitized Volcaniclastic Rocks of Petrota region, Evros Prefecture, Northeastern Greece." Bulletin of the Geological Society of Greece 56, no. 1 (February 22, 2020): 17. http://dx.doi.org/10.12681/bgsg.20946.

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The present work studies the tuffs associated with the volcanic area of the Paleogene Sheinovets caldera, located on the southeastern part of the Rhodope massif, in Bulgaria. Its purpose is to describe the mineralogical and geochemical composition of the zeolitized volcaniclastic deposits in the broader area of Petrota village, in the northwesternmost part of the Greek regional unit of Evros, in northeast Greece. The samples studied in this work were collected from seven (7) different locations, covering an area of almost 4 km in length and 2 km in width. Macroscopically, the samples display a greyish-green hue and they are widespread in the area of study. They often contain fragments of the crystalline metamorphic basement (mica-schists, phyllites, amphibolites, quartzites) and/or rhyolitic clasts. A rhyolitic outcrop of greyish-pink hue is observed in the Mavri Petra region, probably related to the Rupelian acid volcanism that occurred in the Sheinovets caldera. The mineralogy of the tuffs was studied under light polarizing microscope and using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), and it was further confirmed by X-ray powder diffraction (XRPD) method. The initial matrix of the tuffs consisted predominantly of glass shards that are now partly or fully altered into zeolites and clay minerals, such as celadonite, displaying characteristic pseudomorphic structures. The dominant zeolite is clinoptilolite, while in some areas the presence of mordenite is also noticed. Feldspar phenocrysts are abundant, and they are represented by plagioclase and sanidine. Although quartz crystals can be observed under light-polarizing microscope solely in metamorphic fragments, the presence of silica polymorphs was also confirmed through SEM and XRPD analysis, with quartz and cristobalite prevailing. The mineralogical assemblage includes phenocrysts of biotite and in some cases amphiboles, while pyroxene, epidote, garnet, titanite, apatite, zircon, ilmenite, magnetite and rutile are additional minerals which have been identified locally in accessory quantities. Chemical analysis was carried out for major and trace elements, using the X-ray fluorescence (XRF) method and 4 Acid digestion ICP-MS analysis, respectively. The samples of Mavri Petra region, exhibit high concentrations in Cu, Pb, Mn, V, P and W. The analyzed concentrations of U in the area of Palaeokklisi are relatively high in comparison to the rest due to its proximity to a fault. Towards the northwestern study area, close to the Greek-Bulgarian border, the concentrations of Sr appear to be particularly high, probably because the area is closer to the volcanic centre.

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Valtchinova, Galia. "“Jérusalem des Rhodopes” versus “la Mecque des Rhodopes”: deux lieux de pèlerinage entre la Bulgarie, la Grèce et la Turquie." Chronos 18 (April 15, 2019): 55–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.31377/chr.v18i0.464.

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Abstract:

Dans le premier tiers du XXe siècle, le massif des Rhodopes, dans le sud-est de la Péninsule balkanique, est transformé en une zone de frontières. Accueillant les délimitations territoriales entre trois des grands États modernes de l'Europe du sud-est — la Grèce, la Bulgarie et la République turque — les Rhodopes se transforment, de terrain vague aux portes de la capitale de l'Empire, Istanbul, en périphérie lointaine, voire, en confins dangereux. La population de confession musulmane à l'appui, l'image des Rhodopes comme une zone sauvage (et/ou fermée) reste prégnante dans l'imaginaire national, tant bulgare que grec, jusqu'à la fin de la Guerre froide.

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