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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Master of Applied Science'

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Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 1 February 2022

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1

Chouk, Mabrouk. "Master-slave replication, failover and distributed recovery in PostgreSQL database." Thesis, McGill University, 2003. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=19689.

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The subject of this thesis is synchronous master-slave database replication, failover and distributed recovery for a cluster of database servers. Our replication solution allows updates on the master, and queries on ail sites. Updates of transactions are sent to ail sites before they are committed on the master. To do this, we take advantage of the semantics of group communication Systems. With failover, there is always a master in the group. Distributed recovery ensures that a site that has been introduced in the System brings its own copy of the database to be consistent with the rest of the other databases. It does this by getting all the transactions it missed from another site while it was not in the group. It is only after having successfully carried out failover and recovery mechanisms that a new site is ready to share in the load of the system.

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2

Chastan, Mariah M. "Mapping electronic resources to identify regional stakeholders for the Master of Science Degree in Applied Psychology." Menomonie, WI : University of Wisconsin--Stout, 2005. http://www.uwstout.edu/lib/thesis/2005/2005chastanm.pdf.

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3

Patel, Minaxi. "The laxative effect of kiwifruit [thesis submitted in fulfilment of the] Master of Applied Science, Auckland University of Technology, June 2003." Full thesis. Abstract, 2003.

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4

Nilsson, Markus, and Tom Carlén. "Quality Assessment of Thin Polymer Components using NonDestructive Testing : Degree Project for Master of Science in Mechanical Engineering with emphasis on Applied Mechanics." Thesis, Blekinge Tekniska Högskola, Institutionen för maskinteknik, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:bth-18365.

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Polymer components are used in many different applications, including in industries where critical applications put high requirements regarding quality assessment. Such applications might include medical or food where the presence of discontinuities might induce bacterial growth or other unpleasantries, thus certain manufacturers must be able to maintain a zero-tolerance towards damaged components. This leads to the need for efficient testing methods of nondestructive nature capable of testing large quantities of components in a production line environment. The authors have been tasked by Acoustic Agree AB and Trelleborg AB, a world-leading producer of polymer engineered solutions, to find a nondestructive testing method capable of detecting discontinuities in thin polymer components in a production line environment. Implementation in production line environments puts requirements on test cycle time and a goal is to complete a test cycle within 3-4 seconds. Due to restrictions regarding available equipment and expertise, the focus has been put on applying nonlinear acoustic methods for nondestructive testing instead of more conventional methods. These methods utilize the nonlinear distortion of acoustic waves which causes certain characteristics to appear, such as the generation of Higher Harmonics (HH), frequency modulation (NWMS), resonance frequency shift (NRUS), and amplitude recovery (IDAR). Visual testing was used to discern visibly damaged samples from seemingly undamaged ones. The only methods which showed the possibility of discerning damaged thin polymer components were NRUS and IDAR. Only the latter has the capability to maintain the prescribed test cycle time. Nonlinear acoustic methods seem to be capable of detecting discontinuities in thin polymer components within the given time frame. More work is required to properly investigate the performance of NWMS and IDAR. The configuration used in this work was mainly focused on IDAR, resulting in specific calibration for NWMS was neglected. The sample population was also too low to collect sufficient data to ensure statistical certainty regarding the performance for either method.
Polymerkomponenter används i många olika tillämpningar, i synnerhet i industrier där kritiska tillämpningar ställer höga krav på kvalitetsbedömning. Sådana tillämpningar kan finnas inom medicinska- eller livsmedelsindustrier där förekomsten av diskontinuiteter kan inducera bakterietillväxt eller andra obehagliga egenskaper, därför måste vissa tillverkare upprätta nolltolerans mot skadade komponenter. Detta leder till behovet av effektiva provningsmetoder av oförstörande natur som kan utvärdera stora mängder komponenter i en produktionslinjemiljö. Författarna har fått uppdrag av Acoustic Agree AB och Trelleborg AB, en världsledande producent av polymertekniska lösningar, för att finna en oförstörande provningsmetod som kan detektera diskontinuiteter i tunna polymerkomponenter i en produktionslinjemiljö. Implementering i produktionslinjemiljöer ställer krav på testcykeltid och ett mål är att kunna slutföra en testcykel inom 3-4 sekunder. Begränsningen av tillgänglig utrustning och expertis har lett till att författarna har fokuserat på att tillämpa olinjära akustiska metoder för oförstörande provning istället för mer konventionella metoder. Dessa metoder utnyttjar olinjär distortion av akustiska vågor vilket medför att vissa egenskaper uppträder, såsom generering av övertoner (HH), frekvensmodulering (NWMS), resonansfrekvensskift (NRUS) och amplitudåtergång (IDAR). Visuell provning användes för att skildra synligt skadade prover från till synes oskadade. De enda metoder som visade möjligheten att urskilja skadade tunna polymerkomponenter var NRUS och IDAR. Endast den sistnämnda har förmågan att utföra provning inom den föreskrivna provcykeltiden. Olinjära akustiska metoder verkar kunna detektera diskontinuiteter i tunna polymerkomponenter inom den givna tidsramen. Mer arbete krävs för att korrekt utvärdera prestandan av NWMS och IDAR. Konfigurationen som användes i detta arbete var huvudsakligen inriktad på IDAR, vilket resulterade i att specifik kalibrering för NWMS ej utförts. Provpopulationen var även för låg för att kunna samla in tillräckligt med data för att uppnå statistisk säkerhet angående metodernas prestanda.

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5

Bui, Ann. "Beach burial of cetaceans implications for conservation, and public health and safety : a thesis submitted through the Earth & Ocean Sciences Research Institute, and School of Applied Sciences, Auckland University of Technology in partial fulfillment [sic] of the degree of Master of Applied Science, March 2009." Click here to access this resource online, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10292/669.

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Every year hundreds of cetaceans strand on New Zealand beaches. Options for dealing with disposal of their carcasses are few, creating significant problems for the Department of Conservation (DOC). More often than not their carcasses are buried in beaches at or just above high water mark, near where the animals have stranded. The primary objective of this thesis is to determine the effects of cetacean burial on beach sediments, and evaluate potential health and safety risks associated with this practice. A secondary objective of this thesis is to appraise the appropriateness of one location DOC has repeatedly transported cetacean carcasses to and buried within beach sediments, Motutapu Island in Waitemata Harbour. The chemical effects of cetacean burial over a six-month period are reported for two sites at which animals were buried in 2008, Muriwai and Pakiri beaches; the biological effects of this burial are reported for one of these sites, Muriwai Beach, 12 months post burial. Intertidal faunal and floral inventories are provided for six sites around Motutapu Island, and these then compared and contrasted with inventories compiled from an additional 290 intertidal sites between Whangarei Heads and Tauranga Harbour, North Island East Coast, to appraise the relative uniqueness of intertidal species diversity around Motutapu Island. At both Muriwai and Pakiri beaches, nitrogen and phosphate concentrations in surface sands changed considerably following cetacean burial, although over six months the effect was localized and elevated concentrations of these two chemicals that could be attributed to a buried carcass did not extend more than 40 m from the site of whale burial. Deep-core profiles revealed nitrogen and phosphate concentrations at and in the immediate vicinity of cetacean burial approximately six months after burial to be markedly elevated to the level of the water table, but elevated concentrations attributable to the buried carcass were not observed greater than 25 m from the site of burial. Elevated concentrations of nitrogen and phosphates in beaches persist in surface sediments for at least six months post burial. Twelve months post cetacean burial no significant difference in species richness or abundance were apparent in intertidal communities extending along transects proximal to and some distance from the Muriwai Beach carcass; there is no evidence for any significant short-term (to 12 months) biological effects of cetacean burial in beaches. Of those shores on Motutapu Island accessible by earth-moving equipment and large vessels capable of dealing with and transporting large cetacean carcasses, Station Bay appeared to be the most appropriate site for whale burial. However its small size and relatively high biological value (fairly high species richness for comparable shores between Whangarei Heads and Tauranga) renders it an inappropriate long-term option for whale burial. Other shores on Motutapu Island host some of the highest species richness of all shores surveyed between Whangarei Heads and Tauranga Harbour, rendering them entirely inappropriate locations for burying cetaceans, over and above other variables that may influence disposal location identification (such as archaeological sites, dwellings and accessibility). Motutapu Island is not considered an appropriate location for cetacean burial within beaches. Alternative disposal strategies need to be explored for dealing with cetaceans that strand on Auckland east coast beaches. Although burial is the most convenient and most economical strategy to dispose of cetacean carcass, especially in mass stranding events or when cetaceans are of large size, and the biological effects of this practice are not considered significant (for the one whale that could be studied), persistent enrichment of beach sediments with organic matter could result in prolonged persistence of pathogens in beaches, causing unforeseen risks to human health and safety. Recommendations are made to minimize possible threats to public following burial of cetaceans in beaches, until the potential health risks of burial are more fully understood.

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6

Soliman, Nabil Zaki Gadalla. "Nutrient dynamics at Matapouri Estuary, Northern New Zealand thesis submitted in (partial) fulfilment of the degree of Master of Applied Science, Auckland University of Technology, June 2004." Full thesis. Abstract, 2004.

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7

Perera, Percy. "Heavy metal concentrations in the Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas thesis submitted in partial fulfilment of the degree of Master of Applied Science, Auckland University of Technology, September 2004." Full thesis. Abstract, 2004.

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8

Birchell, Shannon Lloyd. "Trapping ACO applied to MRI of the Heart." UNF Digital Commons, 2019. https://digitalcommons.unf.edu/etd/862.

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The research presented here supports the ongoing need for automatic heart volume calculation through the identification of the left and right ventricles in MRI images. The need for automated heart volume calculation stems from the amount of time it takes to manually processes MRI images and required esoteric skill set. There are several methods for region detection such as Deep Neural Networks, Support Vector Machines and Ant Colony Optimization. In this research Ant Colony Optimization (ACO) will be the method of choice due to its efficiency and flexibility. There are many types of ACO algorithms using a variety of heuristics that provide advantages in different environments and knowledge domains. All ACO algorithms share a foundational attribute, a heuristic that acts in conjunction with pheromones. These heuristics can work in various ways, such as dictating dispersion or the interpretation of pheromones. In this research a novel heuristic to disperse and act on pheromone is presented. Further, ants are applied to more general problem than the normal objective of finding edges, highly qualified region detection. The reliable application of heuristic oriented algorithms is difficult in a diverse environment. Although the problem space here is limited to MRI images of the heart, there are significant difference among them: the topology of the heart is different by patient, the angle of the scans changes and the location of the heart is not known. A thorough experiment is conducted to support algorithm efficacy using randomized sampling with human subjects. It will be shown during the analysis the algorithm has both prediction power and robustness.

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9

Perry, Elizabeth Holly. "Association of ABO, Lewis and Secretor phenotypes and genotypes with Neisseria gonorrhoeae thesis submitted in (partial) fulfilment of the Master of Applied Science, Auckland University of Technology, November 2003." Full thesis. Abstract, 2003. http://puka2.aut.ac.nz/ait/theses/PerryE.pdf.

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10

Peng, Hai Hong. "Evaluation of different methods to improve the utilization of roughage fed to sheep : a thesis submitted to the University of Adelaide for the degree of Master of Applied Science (Agriculture)." Title page, contents and summary only, 1995. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09A/09ap398.pdf.

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Includes bibliographical references (leaves 95-118). The effects of different supplements on digestibility and N balance of sheep fed an oaten chaff based diet were studied including, the effect of yeast culture supplementation on in vivo, in vitro digestibility and ammonia concentration; the effect of Avoparcin supplementation on body weight, plasma glucose, plasma urea N and ruminal protozoa; and, the contribution of Clostridium chartatabidum, a highly cellulolytic rumen bacterium, to fibre digestion.

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11

Migriauli, Lela. "Effect of diet and physical activity on the markers of oxidative stress [thesis submitted in partial fulfilment of the degree of] Master of Applied Science, Auckland University of Technology, September 2004." Full thesis. Abstract, 2004.

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12

Magoha, Happy Steven. "Destruction of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH's) and aliphatic hydrocarbons in soil using ball milling thesis submitted in (partial) fulfilment of the Master of Applied Science, Auckland University of Technology, May 2004." Full thesis. Abstract, 2004. http://puka2.aut.ac.nz/ait/theses/MagohaH.pdf.

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13

Cakmak, Yadigar. "Mobile Network Traffic Modeling A Thesis Submitted To The Graduate School Of Natural And Applied Sciences Of Middle East Technical University By Yadigar Cakmak In Partial Fulfillment Of The Requirements For The Degree Of Master Of Science In El." Master's thesis, METU, 2005. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12605662/index.pdf.

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The aim of this thesis is to investigate the traffic patterns in the mobile data networks. In this work, a simple Cellular Digital Packet Data (CDPD) network was modeled in order to be used in simulations. For the purpose of using in the CDPD model, a synthetic bursty traffic model was produced and using different traffic patterns some performance investigations were made in CDPD network. During the whole work, OPNET simulation tool was used. The CDPD network modeled by OPNET simulation tool was compared with a CDPD model described in the literature and the differences were shown. The new model has some new features: 1) Burst transmission of MAC blocks. 2) Exponential backoff. 3) New packet structures. 4) Frame segmentation and encapsulation into MAC layer frames. Using OPNET, a traffic having higher level of burstiness was produced and applied to the CDPD network model. Under the bursty traffic, some CDPD performance parameters were collected and according to the collected results some suggestions were given.

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14

O'Connor, Katrina Marie. "The ecological footprint of international tourists in New Zealand : a thesis presented in partial fulfilment for the degree of Master of Applied Science in Natural Resource Management at Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand." Massey University, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10179/1124.

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Ecological Footprint Analysis (EFA) is a technique that was first developed by Wackernagel as a Ph.D. thesis in 1994, then further developed in combination with Rees and published (Rees & Wackernagel, 1995). EFA is employed in this study to assess the resource utilisation of international tourists visiting New Zealand. Tourism is one of the fastest growing industries in the world and the ecological sustainability of tourism is becoming more important term for managing tourism. This is becoming increasingly important with tourism identified as particularly as a significant contributor to carbon emissions. This study uses EFA to assess whether international tourists visiting New Zealand behave in a sustainable manner. Tourists are surveyed and classed into high, mid and low budget tourist types to gain a detailed account of their behaviour with particular reference to food, accommodation, transport, services, activities attractions, goods and waste. The EFA helps to identify areas of a tourist’s trip that have the greatest impact on the environment, thereby identifying ways to improve the sustainability of tourism in New Zealand. It was found that tourists generally consume more whilst on holiday than they do at home and more than New Zealand residents. The results show that international tourists’ behaviour is sustainable and New Zealand has the ecological carrying capacity to allow the number of international tourists to increase without incurring any significant ecological costs to the country. It was found that there is a positive relationship between ‘high’ income tourists and their ecological footprint and that independent travellers have a larger ecological footprint than the package travellers; however, package travellers have a larger food and housing ecological footprint than independent travellers. The energy footprint was the largest out of the six land types of a tourist’s ecological footprint. Food is the consumption category that is the largest contributor to a tourist’s ecological footprint.

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15

Cumin, Michelle Brenda. "Reduction of risk for lifestyle diseases group diet and physical activity intervention in the workplace : [thesis submitted in partial fulfilment of the degree of] Master of Applied Science, Auckland University of Technology, June 2004." Full thesis. Abstract, 2004.

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16

Barnaby, Claire. "An investigation into the reuse of organic waste produced by the New Zealand mussel industry thesis submitted in (partial) fulfilment of the degree of Master of Applied Science, Auckland University of Technology, June 2004." Full thesis. Abstract, 2004. http://puka2.aut.ac.nz/ait/theses/BarnabyC.pdf.

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17

McFarlane, Turi R. "The contribution of taewa (Maori potato) production to Maori sustainable development a dissertation submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Applied Science in international rural development at Lincoln University /." Diss., [Lincoln, N.Z.] : Lincoln University, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10182/306.

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18

Puniani, Kasalanaita. "Body composition measurements in Maori, Pacific Island and European New Zealand children aged 5-14 years thesis submitted in partial fulfilment of the degree of Master of Applied Science, Auckland University of Technology, May 2004." Full thesis, 2004. http://puka2.aut.ac.nz/ait/theses/PunianiK.pdf.

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19

Grimes, Tyler L. "A Saddlepoint Approximation to Left-Tailed Hypothesis Tests of Variance for Non-normal Populations." UNF Digital Commons, 2016. http://digitalcommons.unf.edu/etd/644.

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When the variance of a single population needs to be assessed, the well-known chi-squared test of variance is often used but relies heavily on its normality assumption. For non-normal populations, few alternative tests have been developed to conduct left tailed hypothesis tests of variance. This thesis outlines a method for generating new test statistics using a saddlepoint approximation. Several novel test statistics are proposed. The type-I error rates and power of each test are evaluated using a Monte Carlo simulation study. One of the proposed test statistics, R_gamma2, controls type-I error rates better than existing tests, while having comparable power. The only observed limitation is for populations that are highly skewed with heavy-tails, for which all tests under consideration performed poorly.

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20

Berends, J. W. "Escaping the rhetoric : a Mongolian perspective on participation in rural development projects : a thesis submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Applied Science in International Rural Development at Lincoln University /." Diss., Lincoln University, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10182/1307.

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This thesis explores how stakeholders in Mongolian rural development projects interpret the concept of 'participation'. While previous research has provided an ethnographic snapshot of participation in rural development projects, none has yet focused on Mongolia – a post-socialist nation that receives significant amounts of foreign aid. To gain a holistic picture of 'participation', this study explores: how stakeholders understand participation; what stakeholders perceive and prioritise as the benefits of participation; and which factors motivate or inhibit participation. This study's methodology involved an inductive, qualitative approach with a multiple case study design. Three Mongolia rural development projects, each with objectives of poverty-reduction and participation, were selected from three different development organisations and interviews were conducted with different stakeholder groups: development organisation managers, field staff, and local people of the project sites (participants and non-participants). The results of this study revealed a dominant or 'Mongolian' understanding of 'participation' existed across the various stakeholders: 'Participation is local contributions of group labour and information for material benefits, within a top-down authoritarian structure (including local institutions)'. This understanding arose from development organisations' emphasis on efficiency and sustainable results and local people engaging with the project as a normative livelihood strategy. In this study, given the incidence and nature of rural poverty, stakeholders prioritised the tangible benefits of participation over the intangible and linked empowerment to tangible outcomes. Development staff prioritised the longer-term tangible benefits (food security and income), and to ensure their sustainability sub-benefits were provided sequentially, mental capital, then physical capital, with social capital built naturally through the project's formal and informal activities. In contrast, local people prioritised the manifest tangible benefits, which initially meant the physical capital gifted by the project, and then later the material outcomes of the new livelihoods. While development staff envisioned intangible benefits as important in their own right, for Mongolian participants they were a gateway to the project's tangible outputs. Four prominent intangible benefits emerged: knowledge/mental investment, 'power within', social connections, and involvement in groups – each uniquely valuable within the Mongolian context. The results also showed that the factors which shaped participation reflected the unique circumstances of rural Mongolia and each project's activities. Economic rationality appeared as the foundational incentive for participation, followed by social motivations that included: widespread, detailed, and positive information about the project; the perceived power, leadership, and organisational skills of the development organisation; a deep personal relationship between development staff and local people; and rurally-oriented seminars and workshops. The major barriers to 'Mongolian' participation included: a lack of opportunity or incentive to participate; the current situation of poverty and unemployment; Mongolia's governance structures, culture, and history; the geography of isolation; the development organisation‟s procedures; and the dynamics of project 'groups'. Moreover, the results indicated that projects which require higher levels of local participation, i.e. decision-making, may face more fundamental obstacles because of the cultural value placed upon top-down, authoritarian leadership and a prevailing mentality of dependence. Based on these results, this study concludes that interpretations of participation arise out of field-level realities, and thus the level of participation incorporated into development projects needs to reflect the local culture, context, and history.

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21

Krpo, Ana. "GIS model for assessment of land use and urban development effects on stormwater runoff Puhinui Catchment case study : thesis submitted in fulfilment of the degree of Master of Applied Science, Auckland University of Technology, February 2004." Full thesis. Abstract, 2004. http://puka2.aut.ac.nz/ait/theses/KrpoA.pdf.

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22

Doyle, Paul Norman. "The effects of human activities on stream water quality case studies in New Zealand and Germany : thesis submitted in partial fulfilment of the degree of Master of Applied Science, Earth and Oceanic Sciences Research Institute, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland, New Zealand, September 2005." Full thesis. Abstract, 2005.

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23

Dewas, Severine E. A. "Benthic-invertebrate diversity of Tucetona laticostata (Mollusca: Bivalvia) biogenic substrata in Hauraki Gulf a thesis submitted through the Earth & Oceanic Sciences Research Institute, Auckland University of Technology, in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Applied Science (MAppSc), 2008 /." Click here to access this resource online, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10292/454.

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24

Zhang, Yue. "The usage of third party logistics in New Zealand : a thesis presented in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master in Applied Science in Logistics and Supply Chain Management at Massey University, Albany, New Zealand." Massey University, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10179/987.

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The aim of this research is to investigate the use of third party logistics in New Zealand companies from the users’ perspective and to identify the improvement opportunities in the New Zealand environment. The empirical research is used to investigate the reasons for undertaking or not outsourcing logistics activities in New Zealand companies; to investigate the extent of use of third party logistics services in New Zealand and the influence of firm sizes and different industries on different aspects of 3PL (third party logistics) practices; to investigate critical success factors and attributes of selecting and evaluating 3PL service providers by users of 3PL in New Zealand; to establish the impact of usage of 3PL providers on New Zealand companies; to evaluate the satisfaction level of New Zealand 3PL services; to investigate the future plans of current 3PL users in New Zealand. The results showed that 3PL has been accepted by New Zealand organizations; with more than half of the respondents using 3PL. Current users accepted that 3PL allows them to gain a number of benefits and believe that 3PL has more positive impacts than negative. With a high level of satisfaction, a large number of user firms are likely to maintain and moderately increase the use of 3PL in the near future. The results of this study provide useful information for both 3PL providers and users. Providers should be aware of the most frequently used services, the potential trend, and develop their capabilities accordingly in terms of these future requirements. The experience of the firms in this study also provides insights as to the benefits of outsourcing logistics activities and how to plan for implementation for 3PL users.

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25

Powae, Wayne Ishmael. "Fair trade coffee supply chains in the highlands of Papua New Guinea : do they give higher returns to smallholders? : a thesis submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Applied Science at Lincoln University /." Diss., Lincoln University, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10182/1413.

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This research focussed on Fair Trade (FT) coffee supply chains in Papua New Guinea. Three research questions were asked. First, do small holders in the FT chains receive higher returns than the smallholders in the conventional chains? Secondly, if smallholders in the FT coffee chains receive higher returns from their coffee than the smallholders in the conventional chains, what are the sources of these higher returns? Finally, if smallholders in the FT chains don't receive higher returns than in the conventional chains, what are the constraints to smallholders receiving higher returns from the FT coffee chains than the conventional chains? A conceptual framework for agribusiness supply chain was developed that was used to guide the field work. A comparative case study methodology was selcted as an appropriate method for eliciting the required information. Four case study chains were selected. A paired FT and conventional coffee chains from Okapa and another paired FT and conventional chains from Kainantu districts, Eastern Highlands Province were selected for the study. The research found that smallholders in the FT chains and vonventional chains receive very similar prices for their coffee (parchment price equivalent). Hence, there was no evidence that smallholders in the FT chains received higher prices or returns from their coffee production than smallholders in conventional chains. This study also found that there was no evidence of FLO certification improving returns to smallholders in the FT chains over those returns received in the conventional chains, but the community that the FT smallholder producers come from did benefit. The sources of these community benefits lies in the shorter FT chains and the distributions of the margin that would have been otherwise made by processors to producers, exporters and the community. In addition, this study found that constraints associated with value creation are similar in all the four chains studies. However, there are some added hurdles for the FT chains in adhering to FT and organic coffee standards. Moreover, FT co-oeratives lacked capacity to trade and their only functions were to help with FLO certification and distribute the FT premium to the community. The findings of this research support some aspects of the literature, but not others. The research contribution is the finding that in this period of high conventional coffee prices, returns to smallholders from FT chains were no bettter than the returns gained in conventional chains, which leads to oppotunism and lack of loyalty by smallholders in the FT chains. The other contribution of this research is in identifying a particular type of free rider who is not a member of the FT co-operative but has right to the community benefits generated by the FT chain.

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26

Tungale, Rose. "Livelihoods and customary marine resource management under customary marine tenure : case studies in the Solomon Islands : a thesis submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Applied Science in International Rural Development at Lincoln University /." Diss., Lincoln University, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10182/861.

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In many ways, coastal marine resources have provided an important source of protein, income and even employment for coastal rural Solomon Islands communities. Fishing, for instance, has always played a very important role in these communities' culture and tradition. Subsistence fishing is traditional in most rural coastal communities. Small-scale fishing is also wide-spread. Traditionally marine areas and resources were managed by the custodians of the adjacent land and the traditional leaders in some local communities. While small-scale fisheries are managed by the Government, much of the enforcement responsibility is in the hands of the community leaders, given the realities of what that Government can provide. This research has explored the interaction between rural coastal livelihoods and marine resource management under Customary Marine Tenure (CMT) in one area of Temotu Province, Solomon Islands. Specifically the research seeks to explore, explain and describe how the livelihoods of the rural coastal villagers influence the use, access and management of marine resources and vice versa. Particular attention has been given to: first exploring the traditional marine resource management under CMT and livelihoods in the three villages; second, how the changes in the villagers' livelihoods system affects the customary marine resource management in the three case study villages; third, how changes in customary marine resource management influences the livelihoods of the villagers and finally the nature of the relationship between livelihoods and customary marine resource management is described for the first time for this part of the Solomon Islands. The research results showed that villagers' livelihoods have changed over the past decade and much of these changes have affected the customary marine resource management in the three case study villages. Consequently, customary marine resource management under CMT is no longer effective. The changes in customary marine resource also have implications on the villagers' livelihoods. For this reason the study argues that when trying to understand the factors affecting customary marine resource, the entire livelihoods system of the people should be considered. The study states that the nature of the interactions between livelihoods and customary marine resource management is a two-way relationship, dynamic and very complex. Should there be further marine resource development, the study suggests that understanding the livelihoods of the people concerned is important for better management.

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27

Lihandra, Eka M. "Assessment of ethanol, honey, milk and essential oils as potential postharvest treatments of New Zealand grown fruit a thesis submitted in (partial) fulfilment for the degree of Master of Applied Science at the Auckland University of Technology, New Zealand, 2007 /." Click here to access this resource online, 2007. http://repositoryaut.lconz.ac.nz/theses/1361/.

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28

Kwizera, Petero. "Matrix Singular Value Decomposition." UNF Digital Commons, 2010. http://digitalcommons.unf.edu/etd/381.

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This thesis starts with the fundamentals of matrix theory and ends with applications of the matrix singular value decomposition (SVD). The background matrix theory coverage includes unitary and Hermitian matrices, and matrix norms and how they relate to matrix SVD. The matrix condition number is discussed in relationship to the solution of linear equations. Some inequalities based on the trace of a matrix, polar matrix decomposition, unitaries and partial isometies are discussed. Among the SVD applications discussed are the method of least squares and image compression. Expansion of a matrix as a linear combination of rank one partial isometries is applied to image compression by using reduced rank matrix approximations to represent greyscale images. MATLAB results for approximations of JPEG and .bmp images are presented. The results indicate that images can be represented with reasonable resolution using low rank matrix SVD approximations.

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Northcott, Marilyn Colleen. "'...So yeah, you do what you can ...' : exploring the barriers to women's opportunities for physical activity : a thesis submitted to the Victoria University of Wellington in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts (Applied) in Social Science Research /." ResearchArchive@Victoria e-Thesis, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10063/1084.

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Meles, Aaron Robert. "Development of a Predictive Model for Bulk-Flow Through A Porous Polymer Membrane Tube." UNF Digital Commons, 2012. http://digitalcommons.unf.edu/etd/406.

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While extensive mathematical and numerical work has been done in terms of modeling the mainstream flow in a tube with porous walls, very little has been done experimentally to confirm these various solutions, and what has been done has focused on large sintered metal tubes used in nuclear power applications. Furthermore, these solutions are quite mathematically complex and arduous to implement. In this work, the mainstream flow through a porous polymer membrane tube is examined and a method for calculating the through-membrane flow rate and axial pressure drop is presented. Two membrane tubes are tested experimentally, and a simple set of modeling equations that are physically intuitive are presented which fit the data. A characterization test is described which can be used to determine the permeability coefficient, kD, for a membrane sample, which can in turn be used to calculate the through-membrane flow rate and axial pressure drop. The models are then evaluated by performing flow-through experiments and measuring the pressures and flows within the membrane. For both membranes tested, the permeability coefficient is determined to be kD = 5.9394 × 10−14 m2 . For the tube diameters (2 mm and 8 mm) and flow rates (100-500 sccm) tested, it is shown that for dimensionless tube lengths bL = L/(dReD) ≥ 0.3, a model that assumes fully developed flow through the entire tube accurately describes the through-membrane flow rate data. The fully-developed model consistently under-predicts the experimental data for axial pressure drop, therefore it is assumed that the discrepancy is due to an additional pressure loss from the developing region. This loss is determined empirically using the data. The model’s validity is examined and compared to that of other authors for the range of flow rates tested.

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Liu, Yongli. "The current situation Chinese third-party logistics companies are facing - an exploratory study : 112.889 (120 credits) thesis presented in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Applied Science (MApplSc) in Logistics and Supply Chain Management at Massey University, Auckland, New Zealand." Massey University, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10179/969.

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The fast development of the Chinese economy has brought tremendous impact on the growth of logistics industry in the country. China has become the hottest market for both Chinese and foreign third-party logistics companies (3PL providers), and more and more foreign and domestic 3PL providers are being involved in the Chinese logistics industry. To understand the current situation Chinese third-party logistics companies are facing and the competitive strategies they are pursuing, an exploratory investigation was conducted in the study. A multiple case-study approach was adopted as the main strategy and guidance for the study. Under the principle of multiple case studies, multiple instruments (questionnaire, telephone interviews and archive searching) were used in the data collection among three selected case study companies. Also, within-case analysis and cross-case analysis were chosen as the overall framework of data analysis, and content analysis was selected as the main method for qualitative data analysis. Through investigating a variety of aspects of the three case study 3PL companies, the study has identified that all the case study companies have established country-wide logistics networks, have provided customers a range of logistics services, and have adopted different information technology systems in their operations. All the case study companies have achieved constant increase in their sales in recent years. Generally, the competition in the Chinese 3PL industry is fierce, and sometimes chaotic, unfair, and even illegal. Foreign 3PL providers have been considered as major competitor by Chinese 3PL providers. All the case study companies have developed and pursued a number of competitive strategies to gain competitive advantages in both cost and service. The main competitive strategies addressed include distribution network developing strategy, information technological strategy, and long-term partnership strategy.

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Morris, Megan Colleen. "Treatment Analysis of a Captive Male Jaguar (Panthera onca)." UNF Digital Commons, 2018. https://digitalcommons.unf.edu/etd/799.

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Large carnivores in human care have been reported to engage in stereotypic behaviors. Such behavior is thought to be correlated with high stress levels, in part, due to captive environments limiting opportunities for functional consequences and environmental stimuli. Moreover, there are several arguments stating that stereotypic behaviors can be indicative of poor welfare, as they can often have severe negative emotional and physical effects on the animal. The first portion of this study included a five-phase treatment analysis which evaluated whether environmental manipulations decrease the frequency of stereotypic behaviors including pacing, over-grooming and tail-sucking exhibited by a single male jaguar housed at Jacksonville Zoo and Gardens. The aim of the present study was to evaluate possible environmental variables that were reported by staff as likely variables maintaining or promoting stereotypic behavior. Data collection occurred during a 10-week evaluation and followed an ABCAD reversal design. Both behavioral data and fecal glucocorticoid metabolite levels were analyzed. The second portion of this analysis included a multi-institutional survey to assess the prevalence of the stereotypic behaviors exhibited by zoo-housed jaguars in North American AZA-accredited institutions. Results from the behavioral assessment revealed a decrease in stereotypic behaviors with the implementation of treatment conditions. Hormone analyses revealed that stereotypic pacing is not presently correlated with higher stress levels for this animal. Finally, survey results revealed that a significant portion of the North American jaguar population engages in stereotypic behaviors. Further analyses are necessary to identify potential patterns or environmental predictors for the development of stereotypic behaviors.

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Brown, Katharine Creevey. "A Consideration of Mason’s Ethical Framework: The Importance of PAPA Factors in the 21st Century: A Seven-Year Study." UNF Digital Commons, 2018. https://digitalcommons.unf.edu/etd/840.

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Richard Mason proposed a social framework for addressing the major ethical issues of the information age in his pivotal 1986 article “Four Ethical Issues of the Information Age.” In 2006, Alan Peslak validated the framework by measuring the current attitudes of students, IT professionals, and university faculty and staff toward the four key issues proposed by Mason: privacy, accuracy, property, and accessibility (referred to as PAPA). This study continues this inquiry into the seven-year period after Peslak’s research. Previously collected data was analyzed for 312 university computing majors taking a senior-level ethics course where Mason was taught and discussed. Demographic influences as well as differences over the period were considered. A single exam question administered consistently over the period was the focus. Results indicate, with Mason’s framework as a foundation, computing students can identify all of Mason’s ethical issues, selecting privacy as the most relevant issue of concern in their current environment. Age, gender, and computing work experience resulted in no differences in selection of relevant PAPA factors. All genders, all age groups, and all levels of computing work experience select privacy as the most relevant factor for society today. Privacy increased in importance over the seven-year period as the primary ethical issue for computing students. The ever-changing technology environment and new threats to society posed by these changes is discussed, including social networks, data breaches, consumer privacy, internet neutrality, and emerging technologies.

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Simpson, Justin T. "Quasi-Subjectivity and Ethics in Non-Modernity." UNF Digital Commons, 2015. https://digitalcommons.unf.edu/etd/557.

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The inspiration behind this philosophical endeavor is an ethical one: interested in what it means to flourish as a human being – how to live well and authentically. Similar to medicine and how the ability to prescribe the appropriate treatment depends on first making a diagnosis, the focus of this work will to be understand the human condition and the ways in which subjectivity, one’s sense of self, is constituted. Given the general dissatisfaction with the modern metaphysical picture of the world, which analyzes the world in terms of the mutually exclusive and completely separate categories of nature/objects and society/subjects, I proceed from an alternative conceptual perspective, that of non-modernity, offered by Bruno Latour. By focusing on the actual practice of the sciences Latour develops one of his central concepts: mediation. From this understanding of the practices of mediation the world is revealed as an ontological continuum of hybrids – mixtures of human and nonhuman elements – that ranges from quasi-object to quasi-subject. Rather than being separate, nature and society are intimately interwoven and co-constituted, forming a nature-culture collective that is connected and defined by the network of relations between existing hybrids. Given this philosophical landscape of mediation, hybrids and networks, the question that I seek to address is how does this effect what it means to be human? What does it mean to human living in a hybrid world? I answer this question by articulating and developing Latour’s concept of quasi-subject. This will ultimately amount to saying that as humans, our sense of self and agency is co-constituted through our networks of relations with both humans and nonhumans. I conclude the paper by exploring some of the ethical implications that naturally emerge from such an understanding.

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Ferrara, Joseph. "A Study of Nonlinear Dynamics in Mathematical Biology." UNF Digital Commons, 2013. http://digitalcommons.unf.edu/etd/448.

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We first discuss some fundamental results such as equilibria, linearization, and stability of nonlinear dynamical systems arising in mathematical modeling. Next we study the dynamics in planar systems such as limit cycles, the Poincaré-Bendixson theorem, and some of its useful consequences. We then study the interaction between two and three different cell populations, and perform stability and bifurcation analysis on the systems. We also analyze the impact of immunotherapy on the tumor cell population numerically.

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Orasheva, Jennet. "The Effect of Corrosion Defects on the Failure of Oil and Gas Transmission Pipelines: A Finite Element Modeling Study." UNF Digital Commons, 2017. http://digitalcommons.unf.edu/etd/763.

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The transportation of oil and gas and their products through the pipelines is a safe and economically efficient way, when compared with other methods of transportation, such as tankers, railroad, trucks, etc. Although pipelines are usually well-designed, during construction and later in service, pipelines are subjected to a variety of risks. Eventually, some sections may experience corrosion which can affect the integrity of pipeline, which poses a risk in high-pressure operations. Specifically, in pipelines with long history of operation, the size and location of the corrosion defects need to be determined so that pressure levels can be kept at safe levels, or alternatively, a decision to repair or replace the pipe section can be made. To make this decision, there are several assessment techniques available to engineers, such as ASME B31G, MB31G, DNV-RP, software code called RSTRENG. These assessment techniques help engineers predict the remaining strength of the wall in a pipe section with a corrosion defect. The corrosion assessment codes in the United States, Canada and Europe are based on ASME-B31G criterion for the evaluation of corrosion defects, established based on full-scale burst experiments on pipes containing longitudinal machined grooves, initially conducted in 1960s. Because actual corrosion defects have more complex geometries than machined grooves, an in-depth study to validate the effectiveness of these techniques is necessary. This study is motivated by this need. The current study was conducted in several stages, starting with the deformation behavior of pipe steels. In Phase 1, true-stress-true plastic strain data from the literature for X42 and X60 steel specimens were used to evaluate how well four commonly used constitutive equations, namely, those developed by Hollomon, Swift, Ludwik and Voce, fit the experimental data. Results showed that all equations provided acceptable fits. For simplicity, the Hollomon equation was selected to be used in the rest of the study. In Phase 2, a preliminary finite element modeling (FEM) study was conducted to compare two failure criteria, stress-based or strain-based, performed better. By using data from the literature for X42 and X60 pipe steels, experimental burst pressure data were compared with predicted burst pressure data, estimated based on the two failure criteria. Based on this preliminary analysis, the stress-based criterion was chosen for further FEM studies. In Phase 3, failure data from real corrosion pits in X52 pipe steels with detailed profiles were used to develop a FEM scheme, which included a simplified representation of the defect. Comparison of actual and predicted burst pressures indicated a good fit, with a coefficient of determination (R2) level of 0.959. In Phase 4, burst pressure levels were estimated for real corrosion pits for the experiments from the same study as in Phase 3, but only with corrosion pit depths and length and without corrosion widths. Widths were estimated from the data used in Phase 3, by using an empirical equation as a function of pit length. There was significant error between experimental and predicted burst pressure. Errors in Phases 3 and 4 were compared statistically. Results showed that there is a statistically significant difference in the error when the width of the corrosion pit is unknown. This finding is significant because none of the assessment techniques in the literature takes width into consideration. Subsequently, a parametric study was performed on three defect geometries from the same study in Phase 3. The pit depths and lengths were held constant but widths were changed systematically. In all cases, the effect of the pit width on burst pressure was confirmed. In Phase 5, the three assessment techniques, ASME B31G, MB31-G and DNV-RP were evaluated by using experimental test results for X52 pipe. Synthetic data for deeper pits were developed by FEM and used along with experimental data in this phase. Two types of the error were distinguished to classify defects. Type I errors (α) and Type II errors (β) were defined using Level 0 evaluation method. Results showed that although ASME B31G is the most conservative technique, it is more reliable for short defects than MB31G and DNV-RP. The least conservative technique was DNV-RP but it yielded β error, i.e., the method predicted a safe operating pressure and pipe section would fail. Therefore, DNV-RP is not recommended for assessment of steel pipes, specifically for X52 pipes.

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Potter, Charles Michael. "Constraint based master scheduling problem." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape7/PQDD_0003/MQ45247.pdf.

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38

Goode, Jess. "Master Frames and Opinion Change." The Ohio State University, 2016. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1470077336.

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Ady, Dawn S. "The Ultimate Irony: An Information Age Without Librarians." UNF Digital Commons, 2016. https://digitalcommons.unf.edu/etd/634.

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In this thesis, the continuing relevance of the profession of librarianship in the digital age is explored and assessed. After defining the library as information itself, the thesis establishes that electronic formats replacing printed matter is not an indication of libraries becoming extinct. Further, various aspects of the profession of librarianship—including library ethics, information extraction skills, and information literacy instruction—are discussed. Additionally, the potential for librarians to play an important role in a largely “jobless” society (as forecast by some experts and scholars as well as in a recent Oxford University study) is evaluated. Finally, a proposal is made for librarians to actively contribute to a more participatory and deliberative democracy by using the Internet to facilitate information access in the public sphere.

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Khakipoor, Banafsheh. "Applied Science for Water Quality Monitoring." University of Akron / OhioLINK, 2020. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=akron1595858677325397.

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Chen, Viola. "Essays in applied theory." Diss., Restricted to subscribing institutions, 2008. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1666128091&sid=36&Fmt=2&clientId=1564&RQT=309&VName=PQD.

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42

Baker, Henry Thomas. "A Study of Walkway Safety and Evaluation of Tribological Test Equipment." UNF Digital Commons, 2014. https://digitalcommons.unf.edu/etd/484.

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A walkway tribometer measures the coefficient of friction between flooring material and a test foot. The value of the coefficient of friction is an indicator as to whether the flooring surface is slippery and has a propensity to cause slip and falls. This study determined that one style of tribometer, an XL Tribometer, mimics the heel-to-floor interaction of the human heel strike. High speed video footage revealed that the test foot strikes the surface and rotates so that full engagement occurs before sliding thus mimicking the affect of a human ankle. The test foot accelerates forward as would be expected during a human slip event. The manufacturer’s reported impact speed of 11 in/s, when set to the operating pressure of 25psi, was found to be much lower than measured speeds of three calibrated tribometers. Three XL tribometers were tested and provided a range of impact speeds from 17.4 to 22.7 in/s (n=540) when set to the operating pressure of 25 psi. The pressure setting was found to have a significant effect on the impact speed while the mast angle had an insignificant affect. A review of human walking studies revealed a range of pedestrian heel impact speeds on the order of 19.4 to 45.3 in/s during normal human ambulation activities. These tribometers fell on the low side of this speed range. A sensitivity study showed that the measured value of the coefficient of friction tends to decrease with a higher impact speed. This COF decrease was on the order of 0.02 and below the machine resolution and considered inconsequential within the walkway safety community.

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Cutting, Bruce A., University of Western Sydney, College of Law and Business, and School of Management. "Refounding governance : transforming the science to master the art." THESIS_CLAB_MAN_Cutting_B.xml, 2002. http://handle.uws.edu.au:8081/1959.7/79.

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Since Montesquie's incisive differentiation of the principal forms of governance and their components, the rate at which theories of governance have been proposed has exponenetially grown now when we have a plethora of different theories on the best way to govern, lead and /or manage. Anyone interested in this topic is confronted with many conflicting schools of thought, from Weber's theory of the 'iron cage' to Wheatley's new-age concept of leadership. This seeming maze of different theories can be seen merely as different perspectives on the overall embracing concept of governance which is essentially the holistic conception and explanation of differentiated purposive human systems - about paradigms and systems that have their inception in and are limited by, human mind. The core challenge, then, is to put some order and rationale into the understanding of this 'many-headed ' concept of governance. This thesis meets this challenge by mapping out a cognitive framework that is capable of embracing and ordering all the multitudinous differentiated conceptions of human governance experienced at the different levels of society. In essence, this thesis reformulates the concept of organizational governance in terms of the metaphor of the human mind. The cognitive model of governance are embraced by the different organizations in different circumstances and why this is appropriate and necessary, how and why governance changes over time, and how it is important to institute processes of inquiry, dialogue and reflection in order to know and choose more consciously. As a consequence of using the mind metaphor to analyse governance in Western society, the key conclusion is that there has been a substantial shift or evolution in thinking from a mangerialist mindset to the more abstract politicist mindset. This fundamental shift in mindset is pervasive and influences the perspectives taken at many levels in the human governance systems.
Doctor of Philosophy (Management)

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Cutting, Bruce A. "Refounding governance : transforming the science to master the art /." View thesis, 2002. http://library.uws.edu.au/adt-NUWS/public/adt-NUWS20030729.112516/index.html.

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Thesis (Ph.D.) -- University of Western Sydney, 2002.
"A thesis ... for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy (Management) at the University of Western Sydney, Australia" Bibliography : leaves 550-564.

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Aydoğan, Ahu Şengel Deniz. "Residential satisfaction in high-rise buildings applied surveys in Mavişehir project/." [s.l.]: [s.n.], 2005. http://library.iyte.edu.tr/tezler/master/mimarlik/T000424.pdf.

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Senate, University of Arizona Faculty. "Faculty Senate Minutes February 6, 2017." University of Arizona Faculty Senate (Tucson, AZ), 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/622775.

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Xiberta, Pau. "Medical imaging applied to teaching and meat science." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Girona, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/668808.

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Medical imaging has greatly progressed to become an essential technology in current clinical processes. However, advances in diagnostic imaging have not been applied to the same extent to other fields such as education and meat science. In this thesis two e-learning platforms are presented to improve teaching methodologies in medical and veterinary teaching, focusing mainly in the ease for the content creation and the image interaction, and supporting multiple graphical resources such as 3D models. An image processing algorithm is also presented to improve the quality classification process of farm animals by computing the lean meat percentage, either from carcass or live animals images, proposing for the latter two segmentation algorithms to remove the internal organs
La imatge mèdica ha progressat a bastament per convertir-se en una tecnologia imprescindible en els processos clínics actuals. Tanmateix, els avenços en la imatge per al diagnòstic no s'han aprofitat de la mateixa manera en altres camps com ara l'educació o la ciència de la carn. En aquesta tesi es presenten dues plataformes d'aprenentatge en línia per a millorar els processos d'aprenentatge en la docència mèdica i veterinària, centrant-se sobretot en la facilitat per a la creació de contingut i en la interacció amb la imatge, i donant suport a múltiples recursos gràfics com ara models 3D. També es presenta un algorisme de processament d'imatge per millorar el procés de classificació de la qualitat d'animals de producció calculant el percentatge de carn magra, ja sigui a partir d'imatges de canals o d'animals vius, proposant dos algorismes de segmentació per eliminar els òrgans interns en aquest últim cas

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Pritchett, Malika Naomi. "Coloniality and the Science of Applied Behavior Analysis." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2020. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc1703416/.

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Human life is to be universally cherished and valued. Policies about how to value lives are often developed following gross human rights violations. Some of the most horrific violations have occurred under the guise of biomedical and behavioral research. As a result, policies have been developed to protect participants. Presumably, the primary responsibility of the researcher is their protection. There are, however, potential tensions between protections and research agendas, which set the occasion for over selection of participants with vulnerabilities. This dynamic may establish competing contingencies that devalue, and potentially harm, participants. Power imbalances inherent in the researcher-participant relationship establish the researcher as the dominant knowledge seeking authority and the participant as the subservient subject. Ideally, research in applied behavior analysis is driven by a steadfast orientation toward the enhancement of human life and the amelioration of suffering. The purpose of this paper is to present an analysis of human rights trends in the Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis. The dependent measures are based on ethical principles established for the protection of participants and recommendations concerning participatory research practices in applied behavior analysis. The results indicate that in some cases, protections have been minimally reported. Furthermore, power imbalances are highly likely given the processes and outcomes reported. The trends appear to be moving in an unfavorable direction in most cases. Findings are discussed on three levels: 1) a conceptual analysis of potential contingencies that influence applied behavior analytic research, 2) considerations around coloniality, and, 3) recommendations to neutralize and diffuse power imbalances to ensure the applied spirit of the science is actualized.

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Gustavsson, Håkan. "Lean Thinking Applied to System Architecting." Doctoral thesis, Mälardalens högskola, Akademin för innovation, design och teknik, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mdh:diva-11717.

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Software intensive systems are an increasing part of new products, which make the business impact significant. This is especially true for the automotive industry where a very large part of new innovations are realized through the use of software. The architecture of the software intensive system will enable value creation when working properly or, in the worst case, prevent value creation. Lean thinking is about focusing on the increase of customer value and on the people who add value. This thesis investigates how system architecting is performed in industry and how it can be improved by the use of Lean thinking. The architecting process does not create immediate value to the end customer, but rather create the architecture on which value in terms of product features and functionality can be developed. A Lean tool used to improve the value creation within a process is Value Stream Mapping (VSM). We present a method based on VSM which is adapted to enable analysis of the architecting process in order to identify improvements. A study of architecting at two companies shows what effect differences such as a strong line organization or a strong project organization has on the architecting process. It also shows what consequence technical choices and business strategy have on the architecting process. In order to improve the understanding of how architecting is performed a study including architects at six different internationally well-known companies have been interviewed. The study presents the practices that are found most successful. The context of the different companies as well as the architecting practices are compared and analyzed. The early design decisions made when developing software-intensive systems are crucial to the outcome of development projects. In order to improve the decision making process a method was developed based on Real Options. The method improves the customer focus of critical design decision by taking the value of flexibility into account. This thesis provides a toolbox of knowledge on how Lean thinking can be applied to system architecting and also presents how architecting is performed in industry today.

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Gagnon, P. "The social foundation of the division between pure science and applied science." Thesis, University of Manchester, 1985. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.356113.

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