Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Matane, Que. Chambre de Commerce'
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Bouchardeau, Philippe. "Histoire de la Chambre de commerce de Valence l'action consulaire." Lille 3 : ANRT, 1986. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb375945112.
Full textBouchardeau, Philippe. "Histoire de la chambre de commerce de Valence : l'action consulaire." Grenoble 2, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985GRE2A002.
Full textProvencher, Patrick. "La Chambre de commerce de Trois-Rivières : activités et composition socioprofessionnelle /." Thèse, Trois-Rivières : Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, 2000. http://www.uqtr.ca/biblio/notice/resume/03-2216559R.html.
Full textAllemand, Jean-Luc. "La notion de chambre de commerce et d'industrie en droit français." Lyon 3, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988LYO33011.
Full textThe notion of chambre of commerce and industry is made of two basic interwoven but distinct elements. Basically, as it originally was in their long history, chambers of commerce and industry are deliberating assemblies, intented to preserve within their territorial jurisdiction, the general interest of trade and industry. Public bodies, also called chambers of commerce and industry, have been created to administrate a wide range of business utilities. They could somehow be compared to trust public bodies. It has been said that chambers of commerce and industry are public law corporations or public authorities. They indeed include elected members and, beyond their original task, they are in charge of administering the public body. Such a conception of chambers of commerce and industry seems to be ill-grounded. Analysis reveals its postulate - the existence of a specific business population - to be highly questionable. The following structure is therefore suggested for a study of the chambers of commerce and industry. The deliberating assembly, on the one hand, and the public body, on the other hand, should be clearly distinguished
Soria, Audrey. "La Chambre de commerce de Lyon au XIXe siècle : 1832-1908." Lyon 2, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997LYO20033.
Full textChamber of commerce lyon's history, in the nineteenth century, can be divised in two periods : from 1832 to 1871, a construction time; from 1871 to 1908, a consolidation and modernization time. The ordinance of 1832 starts, for the whole nineteenth century, the consular institution part, for what she gives a strict juridical framework defining, at one and the same time, his duties and his relations with the political power. It is in this period that chamber of commerce lyon's enters into partnership with free trade. From 1871 forward, the consular institution is confronted with new questions : employer's association, commercial representation, especially opposition to free trade. Nevertheless, in the end of the century, the law of 1908 allows her to open to the little trade
Lacombrade, Philippe. "La Chambre de commerce, paris et le capitalisme français (1890-1914)." Paris 10, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA100073.
Full textOur work was inspired by the rediscovery of the history of the Chambers of Commerce initiated in the 80s by Ingo Kolboom, Michael Stephen Smith and Philippe Bouchardeau. The choice of the subject matter results from the concern to question this history from a privileged observation point, Paris, and at a key period of the consular institutions and the French capitalism. Our research aims to provide a global review of the Chamber of Commerce of Paris tackling its legal, organisational and sociological aspects. We have tried to assess its main political lines and to bring to light its role in the adjustment of Paris and French capitalism to the new environment resulting from the emergence of the second industrial revolution and the renovation of the Republic. .
Provencher, Patrick. "La Chambre de commerce de Trois-Rivières : activités et composition socioprofessionnelle." Thèse, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, 2000. http://depot-e.uqtr.ca/3200/1/000671561.pdf.
Full textLanglois, Louis. "L'évolution idéologique de la Chambre de commerce du district de Montréal, 1945-1960." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/27425.
Full textKharaba, Ivan. "Histoire de la Chambre de Commerce et d'Industrie du Var : l'action consulaire (1833-1896)." Aix-Marseille 1, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005AIX10023.
Full textVallée, Gilles. "La Chambre de commerce de Trois-Rivières : 1871-1981 : participation et assises sociales du mouvement." Thèse, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, 1989. http://depot-e.uqtr.ca/5644/1/000583364.pdf.
Full textLemercier, Claire. "La Chambre de Commerce de Paris, 1803-1852 : un "corps consultatif" entre représentation et information économiques." Phd thesis, Ecole des Hautes Etudes en Sciences Sociales (EHESS), 2001. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00412011.
Full textL'histoire de la Chambre est avant tout celle d'un corps intermédiaire – dans un pays et une période où cette notion est loin d'aller de soi. L'étude de cette véritable reconstruction d'une architecture institutionnelle, après la Révolution française et au fil des changements de régimes politiques, est avant tout centrée sur les pratiques de l'institution (modes de recherche d'information, interactions entre membres dans la préparation des rapports, émergence de fonctions de service pour la Chambre...), sans négliger les débats idéologiques concernant l'organisation et la représentation du monde économique (rétablissement des corporations en particulier). L'étude à été menée partir des riches archives de la Chambre (procès verbaux et dossiers thématiques), de recherches concernant ses membres, principalement en termes de carrière institutionnelle et de cumuls de mandats, et de nombreuses sources imprimées touchant aux dossiers traités par la Chambre.
Dans un premier temps, une étude, en partie quantitative, du travail de l'institution et des carrières de ses membres permet de définir une chronologie propre à la Chambre et de poser des hypothèses concernant les motivations de ceux que l'institution intéresse (membres, mais aussi interlocuteurs dans l'administration et dans le monde économique). Une présentation chronologique s'attache ensuite notamment à l'analyse fine de périodes de changement (1828-1832, 1848-1852). Dans ces moments, les membres de l'institution apparaissent acteurs de leur histoire, avec une certaine autonomie pour redéfinir leurs règles de fonctionnement ; mais ils sont aussi soumis à la concurrence d'autres institutions et à des chocs extérieurs (émergence de chambres syndicales, révolutions politiques, actualité nouvelle de la question sociale...). Au fil des travaux de la Chambre émergent enfin certains dossiers d'histoire économique (régulation des transactions boursières, contrôle a posteriori des sociétés anonymes, modes d'encouragement des exportations...) et d'histoire des statistiques sur lesquels l'étude de l'institution ouvre des pistes nouvelles.
Rochefort, Philippe. "La Chambre de Commerce américaine en France et les filiales américaines (1890-1990) : cohérences et dissonances." Thesis, Paris 4, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA040226.
Full textAmerican firms in France have been studied from 1890 to 1990, from the archives of the American Chamber of Commerce in France (AmCham). This source provides the elements of an analysis of the collective actions they implemented and the influence they had on French firms over five successive periods where there was more or less a consistency between their actions and the US government’s decisions. In the first periode (1890-1914), AmCham was a club of wealthy businessmen in a prestigious environment. In the second one (1914-1945), it was an employer’s association, with more members but in a context of wars and crisis, without a common strategy. In the third one (1945-1970), it was an efficient instrument of the Marshall Plan and later the « American challenge ». In the fourth one (1970-1990), with a growing number of firms, with the European project gaining ground, US policy’s reluctance to FDI and US firms becoming more and more « frenchized », significant factors of fragility appeared and finally in the fifth one (after 1990), AmCham, whose influence has diminished, is trying painfully to identify new elements of solidarity between its members in the new context of globalization. From this source, the study focuses on cultural interactions between AmCham and its environment and the spread of the American management model, which led to a large « frenchization » of American subsidiaries in France
Béguec, Annelise. "Réalisation d'un cahier des charges en vue de l'informatisation du fonds documentaire de la Chambre de Commerce et d'Industrie de Quimper Cornouaille." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2002. http://www.enssib.fr/bibliotheque/documents/dessid/rsbeguec.pdf.
Full textFlorent, Françoise. "La reconversion du bassin minier et les chambres de commerce et d'industrie de Béthune-Lens, Douai et Valenciennes, 1945-1983." Lille 3, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001LIL3A008.
Full textShahla, Mehdi. "La Jurisprudence de la cour arbitrale de la Chambre de Commerce Internationale et les règles de procédures (1975-1984)." Lille 3 : ANRT, 1987. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37601201h.
Full textShahla, Mehdi. "La jurisprudence de la Cour arbitrale de la Chambre de commerce international et les règles de procédure : 1975-1984." Toulouse 1, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986TOU10044.
Full textThe awards in the contentious business of international trade, particularly those of the arbitrors of the international chamber of commerce form a jurisprudential law of arbitratment the rules of which cover the whole field of international trade. The thesis analyses the major jurisprudential principles drawn up by the arbitrors of the international chamber of commerce in matters of procedure by arbitration mainly concerning : - the law applicable according to the kind of arbitration - the rules of procedure - the arbitration considered from the point of view of the arbitral practice of the international chamber of commerce
Leroy, Damien. "Les établissements du réseau des chambres de commerce et d'industrie : monographie législative." Thesis, Paris 2, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA020051/document.
Full textThroughout its history, the network of the Chambers of commerce and industry has demonstrated its capacity to support the enterprises and the economic development of territories. Aware of the profound changes of their environment, the Chambers of commerce have been part of an important reforming process for years, completed with the passage of the Act of July 23, 2010 regarding Chambers of Commerce and Industry, Trade, Crafts and Services. Anyhow, the Act of July 23, 2010, expected to be rationalizing the functioning of the Chambers of commerce and industry network, is a compromise borne out of difficult and complex negotiations. The reform remains incomplete, with its share of difficulties and inconsistencies. At the time of the streamlining of global public policies, the fact that the consular network has been unwilling to pay greater attention to the concepts of mutualizing or merger could appear to be detrimental. Indeed, many of our European neighbors have already adopted a rational consolidation strategy of these consular structures - the Chambers of Commerce & Industry, the Chambers of Trades and Crafts and the Chambers of Agriculture - in a single structure. Therefore, it seems fair to question the relevancy of such an unachieved reform
Delorme, Philippe. "Jules Rozet, 1800-1871 : maître de forges, président de la Chambre de commerce de la Haute-Marne, en Champagne métallurgique sous la révolution industrielle : lucidité et détermination /." Reims : Association pour le patrimoine industriel de Champagne-Ardenne, 2007. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb41275029b.
Full textLeroy, Julie. "Exploration du concept de co-création de valeur par le récit ethnomarketing : Le cas de la plateforme collaborative Ecobiz de la Chambre de Commerce et d’Industrie de Rouen." Caen, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012CAEN0698.
Full textThis research studies the process of a value co-creation strategy implementation. The process is delineated from the decision making to the interaction between an organization and its clients in the Business-to-Business sector. The “field case”, the collaborative platform Ecobiz implemented at the Rouen Chamber of Commerce and Industry, is observed and analyzed with an ethnomarketing approach. After an ethnographic data collection and a presentation of the observations under the form of an ethnomarketing tale, the results show several phases that lead the actors to a ritualized link value co-creation. The global process is initiated by a controversy among the decision makers, whose mainly oral normative practices lead to a mobilization without defining the roles within the network under construction. This non-definition of the roles arises two behaviors: a resistance and a ritualized co-creation. The co-creators elaborate a relational script that allows the systematization of the interaction with the clients, that is to say, a co-production
Martin, Nicolas. "De la Chambre de commerce de La Rochelle aux bureaux de Versailles, les relations commerciales entre droit romain et Europe du Nord au XVIIIe siècle : la voile rochelaise dans l'ombre de la Hanse." Thesis, La Rochelle, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013LAROD035.
Full textCreated in 1719 to launch a new representation of the "trade” sphere within the general population, the La Rochelle Chamber of Commerce, the central point of a complex institutional organization, participates actively in the political and economic life of the kingdom. In spite of the organic rivalry which weakens it, this ninth Chamber succeeds finally in becoming the privileged representative of the trader and its most fervent supporter. As the middleman between the wheels of power and the trading companies, it becomes not only the mainstay of popular trade, but also its recorder, by collecting numerous items of correspondence and papers relating to trade. In a policy of both participation and dispute, its defense of local interests within the vast national interest is especially to be found in business relations with Northern Europe. Admittedly, the main trade concerns are elsewhere, as this maritime circuit could never compete in importance with colonial traffic and the slave trade. For all that, the Rochelais traders do not intend to give up - which is shown in the route to the North: colonial commodities and French products, strongly desired by the North, but transported almost exclusively under a foreign flag. Famous for being "big debaters and memory makers", the Rochelais do not fail to analyze the root causes of the direct business crisis between Northern Europe and the kingdom. They denounce not only the almost hegemonic control that both the English and the Dutch have over these trade routes, but also the measures adopted by the Versailles offices which they consider too timid. This reality, explained until then, by economic, political and cultural considerations, looks completely different if we consider the legal rule. Analyzed on several levels and in several dimensions, the latter reveals an obvious disparity of treatment between French and foreign traders. Diplomatic agreements, international treaties, customs legislation, institutional framework, all the components of legal rule, play an important role in the functioning of this maritime circuit. However, the correlation between legal rule and trade with the North could not be explained merely by the observance of trade exchanges with the port of La Rochelle. The northern institutional and customs models must also be examined. And yet these models confirm that the specificity of legal rule in some Northern States constitutes a determining element of this maritime chart. Furthermore, the careful analysis of one of the oldest monuments of medieval maritime law, at the origin of the Hanseatic league, leads to a singular discovery: this text, known by the name of "Lois de Visby" shows clearly, in the cradle of Northern Europe, a very clear Roman influence
Al-Eida, Saeed. "Le crédit documentaire et l'inopposabilité des exceptions." Thesis, Paris 1, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA01D016.
Full textRequirements and risks of international trade have created, in the early twentieth century, a legal technique adapted to the relationship between exporter and importer. This is especially the documentary credit, which can be defined as a transaction in which the buyer's bank agrees to pay the price of goods to the seller, when he will submit documentation confirming the shipping of the goods. This can be either a bill of lading an invoice, or even an insurance police... However, the absence of specific regulations concerning the documentary credit decided the practitioners to give birth, in 1993, of the «Uniform Customs and Practice on Documentary Credit» (UCP), the creation of the International Chamber of Commerce. Today, because of the lack of legislation regulating national or international documentary credit source, these rules apply, after voluntary decision of the parties or by the banking system of a said country or by individual adoption by the banks, to « all documentary credits unless otherwise as expressly provided by the parties». These practices are also effective because they rely on proven banking techniques in the rule of unenforceable exceptions
Druelle, Clotilde. "Un laboratoire réformateur, le Département du commerce en France et aux Etats-Unis de la Grande guerre aux années vingt." Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004IEPP0026.
Full textTaffin, Géraldine. "Les juges et consuls au XVIIIe siècle : représentation et représentativité du milieu marchand." Thesis, Bordeaux 3, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014BOR30067.
Full textJudges of the “juridictions consulaires”: what are they? Who do they represent? Who are they? A case occurred in Angers, beyond a quarrel over precedence, pose actually the question of their state and social and legal importance in the city. If the judgment reached in 1736 recognizes them as members of a jurisdiction, the debate is constantly revived, especially during the Laverdy reform. In fact, elected by their peers, initially for annual responsibility to render justice, they are simultaneously representatives of a customary former company that aspires to be of justice, of a united corporation of various “merchants of… communities” whose members are eligible for the Court, and in major cities of a “free trading community”. Indeed, “having passed through the charges” are established ex officio members of the board of these institutions, while considering themselves different because still dressed in the dignity of the judicature. This role is disputed to them by some unified communities guards. This multiple representation is clearly assumed in a power game with local authorities, mainly because of a shared competence of public economic service. They evoke the edit of Cremieu to impose themselves in the general assemblies of the city and to empower original links; moreover, they are often ex officio members in the “chambers of commerce” and they play a significant role in the appointment of the “députés du commerce”. Natural defenders of the business, they ensure that the merchants, most often members of their company, are elected in the various local institutions. Stemming from a different sanior pars according to cities and evolving to a movement of “pas chassés”, they ensure that their survival dignity of judicature erases the personal qualities according to the inviolable principle of the order of the roll. The elections of the members of their companies follow a logic of “oligarchisation”, sometimes suffered, maintained by a perfect control of the electoral process. A core is formed by some formers enjoying simultaneously loads, both internally and in a spray-out way, raising the question of multi-membership and conflicts of interests
Houessou, Benjamin. "Le processus de construction d’une GPEC-Territoriale : réflexion à partir de dispositifs de GPEC-Territoriale pilotée par la Chambre de métiers et de l’artisanat de Loir-et-Cher." Thesis, Rennes 1, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015REN1G006/document.
Full textNowadays HRP is built increasingly on a territorial scale. Institutional actors from different backgrounds and varying size businesses work together to put in place actions that address issues related to employment, training, and skills. These approaches are sometimes in "hot", sometimes in "cold" depending on the circumstances, territories and stakeholders. The extension of the building of the HRP across a territory can be justified by taking into account several factors: internal or external to enterprises, policies, situational, socio-economic, etc. Thus through converging wills, multiple actors aspire to lift the limits and shortcomings related to HRP by using a HRP-Territorial. This new construction approach and analysis of HRP nevertheless raises several questions. Among the many questions we reflected about five of them: how do actors work together? What diagnosis allows to unite stakeholders around HRP-Territorial? How is this HRP-Territorial built in terms of phasing? How do actors agree on the construction and content of the actions of HRP-Territorial? How to mobilize actors in such collective approaches? These questions are taken from the main issue of our research: What is the process of building a HRP-Territorial involving institutional actors and businesses? We discussed and debated these issues on the basis of empirical data collected in two cases: HRP-Territorial in the Community of communes of Cher à la Loire and the HRP-Territorial in the timber Industry in Loir-et-Cher. Those data are collected by observation, qualitative interview, quantitative studies and documentaries. Theory of interaction, actor network theory, rational choice theory and mobilization theory served as our analytical framework. At the intersection of these approaches and these analyzes, it appears that the HRP-Territorial be built from a few necessities : the ability of the pilot to work together several actors, establishing a prior and shared diagnosis that rely on problem and challenges for companies and territory, mobilization of actors through selective incentives and analysis of priority categories of actors. Furthermore, it appears that the contents of the HRP-Territorial is continuously translated and obtained by relative consensus. Finally, and despite the particular case of each situation, a modeling phase of this construction is possible
Wong, Katrine Victoria. "Wang Xiaolai 王曉籟 (1887-1967) : a biography." Thesis, Lyon, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LYSE2121.
Full textThis dissertation presents a documented biography of Wang Xiaolai 王曉籟 (1887- 1967), elite merchant of Republican Shanghai. The study of this hitherto unexplored life contributes to the lean biographical repertoire of notable figures of the era. A native of Shengxian, Zhejiang Province, Wang’s life spanned five decades of momentous social and political change in modern Chinese history, from late Imperial China, through Republican China, to Communist China. The biographical inquiry examines the historical events that influenced his path, and the facets of his life that inspired his aspirations and drove his ambitions. The research traces Wang’s ascent to financial and political prominence, and identifies the major turning points in his life and the bonds he forged with key figures of the era. From a Guangfuhui youth, Wang became a militia merchant of Zhabei. He evolved under the Nationalist Government as an agent of political change, yet remained a powerful and autonomous actor in his community. Wang demonstrated his resolve in his resistance against mounting Japanese aggression. An elite in exile during the war years, Wang traveled China’s interior administering relief aid and supervising supplies through the Burma Road. As a leading Shanghai entrepreneur, chairman of the powerful Shanghai Chamber of Commerce but also first chairman of the Zhabei Chamber of Commerce, leading lay Buddhist, philanthropic builder of the Zhixiang Hospital, spirited painted face of Chinese opera, patron of a huge fortune and patriarch of a huge family, Wang emerges as a man with boundless energy poised at the heart of social, business, and political Shanghai. Western and Chinese archives, newspapers, and local annals are among the primary sources on which the research is based. Oral history has a special place in this undertaking as it was the motivating factor of this endeavor. The final conclusion reveals a multi-faceted portrait of an emblematic and visionary nation-builder of Republican Shanghai, and is as much the trajectory of a singular individual as it is the history of Republican Shanghai
Dufour, Fanny. "Approche dynamique de l'intelligence économique en entreprise : apports d'un modèle psychologique des compétences : Contribution à l‘élaboration de programmes d‘actions de la CCI de Rennes." Phd thesis, Université Rennes 2, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00551654.
Full textFournier, Valérie. "L'autorité politique de la Chambre de commerce internationale dans la gouvernance d'Internet." Mémoire, 2010. http://www.archipel.uqam.ca/2913/1/M11357.pdf.
Full textHelou, Antoine. "Les Incoterms de la Chambre de commerce international et les termes de vente du Code de commerce uniforme (UCC-A2) : étude et analyse." Mémoire, 2006. http://www.archipel.uqam.ca/2114/1/M9166.pdf.
Full textMorena, Justin Michael. "La revue de la Chambre de commerce de Montréal et la modernisation de la métropole dans les années 1950 et 1960." Thèse, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/10400.
Full textDuring the 1950s and 1960s, Montréal was becoming increasingly modernized. It is well known that the municipal administration had a considerable influence on this modernization. However, the perspectives of exterior actors have often been ignored. As such, this thesis examines the opinions of the Chambre de commerce de Montréal (the city’s francophone chamber of commerce) on the modernization of Québec’s metropolis during the above-mentioned decades. The main source that was used for this study was the Chambre’s weekly publication, Commerce-Montréal. The first chapter examines the Chambre’s opinions on municipal governance. It shows that, for the Chambre, the modernization of Montréal required the elimination of corrupt political practices and an increase in government efficiency. The second chapter studies traffic flow. It explains the Chambre’s positions on measures aimed at increasing the speed of traffic. The organization saw this as crucial to the modernization of the city. The third chapter discusses urban development. According to the Chambre, Montréal’s modernization necessitated a renewal of both its residential and commercial built environment. Studying these three themes confirmed that, from 1950 to 1970, the Chambre de commerce contributed to the debates concerning the modernization of Montréal, advocating in favour of it. It is also evident that the organization, despite its desire to appear apolitical, was influenced by its position as representative of the francophone business community. In particular, the Chambre’s emphasis on the profitability of modernization, as well as its focus on social stratification (regarding certain issues) attest to the organization’s conservative nature.
Lessard, Jonathan. "Pour le Dominion et l'Empire l'idéologie du Montreal Board of Trade 1897-1921." Thèse, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/17928.
Full textZapata, Gloria Estella. "La conciliation en Colombie." Thèse, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/9616.
Full textConciliation, an alternative dispute resolution mechanism, allows the maintenance of a business relation and the revival of communication as well as an equilibrium of power between two opposing parties. It's true spirit consists in allowing the citizen to recover his principal role in the resolution of his conflicts and enables him to do so without the intervention of the State. Unlike other judicial systems, the Columbian judicial system gives the conciliator a decisional power and/or consultative in a particular case. Also, the terms mediation and conciliation are sometimes used like synonyms. However, those terms are differentiated by the participation of a third party conciliator or mediator in the process of conflict resolution. In addition, even though those concepts are universal thanks to the judicial texts, those mechanisms remain unknown to most citizens. The practice of conciliation has no boundaries; it is widespread all over the world. In the 1990's, Latin countries, more specifically Columbia, started to investigate the possibility of taking part in this enriching experience thanks to legislative and institutional progress in the field of alternative dispute resolution mechanisms. In the field of conciliation, in Columbia, there is a vast normative richness but the laws, dispersed and difficult to interpret, generate insecurity and judicial uncertainty. Also, the conciliation process can be initiated by many ways, the most controversial being without a doubt the obligatory conciliation beforehand. This imposed method has been the target of many critics. In fact, those critics concerns the obligatory nature of the conciliation which impedes on the voluntary aspect, a fundamental pillar in the conciliation process. Also, the third party conciliator, possessing a highly trained background, represents a pivotal role in the conciliation process: a high level of responsibility weighs upon his shoulders as he oversees this alternate conflict resolution method.
Béland, Marie-France. "La lettre de crédit commerciale : facilité de crédit désuète ou incomprise ?" Thèse, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/6123.
Full textMore than seventy-five years after the creation of the Uniform Customs and Practice for Documentary Credits by the International Chamber of Commerce, can we talk about a true international success of the commercial letter of credit as a reliable and secured instrument of payment? Notwithstanding its triple functions and the formalistic application of its principles of non-assignability, of strict compliance and of dual autonomy, which have answered the needs resulting from the evolution of international commerce, it seems unrealistic to talk about such success. But why? Confronted with the national regulations as well as nationalist and protectionist practices of the states which have nevertheless ratified the Uniform Customs and Practice for Documentary Credits, the malleability of those rules seems to have been misrepresented of the principal attributes of the commercial letter of credit. ln that respect, we can ask ourselves if the commercial letter of credit is an outdated or misunderstood credit facility? The present thesis is the fruit of many reflections on the problems linked with the application and the interpretation of the commercial letter of credit as an international instrument of payment and more particularly, on the gaps of the Uniform Customs and Practice for Documentary Credits.