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1

Wolfenbarger, L. L. "Red coloration of male northern cardinals correlates with mate quality and territory quality." Behavioral Ecology 10, no. 1 (January 1, 1999): 80–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/beheco/10.1.80.

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2

Draud, M. J., and M. Itzkowitz. "Mate numbers or mate quality: female mate choice in the polygynandrous variegated pupfish (Cyprinodon variegatus)." Ethology Ecology & Evolution 16, no. 1 (January 2004): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/08927014.2004.9522649.

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3

Vakirtzis, Antonios, and S. Craig Roberts. "Mate choice copying and mate quality bias: different processes, different species." Behavioral Ecology 20, no. 4 (2009): 908–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/beheco/arp073.

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4

Witte, Klaudia, and Jean-Guy J. Godin. "Mate choice copying and mate quality bias: are they different processes?" Behavioral Ecology 21, no. 1 (November 16, 2009): 193–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/beheco/arp154.

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5

McEWEN, P. L., and L. R. SCHAEFFER. "COMPARING MATE QUALITY BETWEEN PROVEN AND UNPROVEN DAIRY BULLS." Canadian Journal of Animal Science 69, no. 1 (March 1, 1989): 57–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjas89-008.

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Holstein service sire information was obtained from Eastern Breeders Incorporated to compare mate quality between proven and unproven sires. Proven sires were mated to females having higher conformation scores for final classification, mammary system, feet and legs and rump. Size score of mates favored unproven bulls. Advantages in mate estimated transmitting ability value for milk and fat index favored proven sires by 0.60 and 0.63 BCA points, respectively. In general, the difference in mate quality between the two sire groups was relatively small. However, proven sires showed a slight advant
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Vakirtzis, Antonios, and S. Craig Roberts. "Mate Quality Bias: Sex Differences in Humans." Annales Zoologici Fennici 47, no. 2 (April 2010): 149–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.5735/086.047.0208.

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7

TRIEFENBACH, FRANK, and MURRAY ITZKOWITZ. "Mate switching as a function of mate quality in convict cichlids,Cichlasoma nigrofasciatum." Animal Behaviour 55, no. 5 (May 1998): 1263–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/anbe.1997.0690.

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8

Pham, Michael N., Nicole Barbaro, Justin K. Mogilski, and Todd K. Shackelford. "Coalitional mate retention is correlated positively with friendship quality involving women, but negatively with male–male friendship quality." Personality and Individual Differences 79 (June 2015): 87–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2015.01.034.

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9

Dhindsa, Manjit S., David A. Boag, and Petr E. Komers. "Mate Choice in Black-Billed Magpies: The Role of Male Quality versus Quality of Defended Resources." Ornis Scandinavica 20, no. 3 (September 1989): 193. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3676913.

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10

Holveck, Marie-Jeanne, and Katharina Riebel. "Low-quality females prefer low-quality males when choosing a mate." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 277, no. 1678 (October 7, 2009): 153–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2009.1222.

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11

Leonard, Marty L., and Jaroslav Picman. "Mate choice by marsh wrens: the influence of male and territory quality." Animal Behaviour 36, no. 2 (April 1988): 517–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0003-3472(88)80023-x.

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12

Head, Megan L., Rebecca J. Fox, and Iain Barber. "Environmental change mediates mate choice for an extended phenotype, but not for mate quality." Evolution 71, no. 1 (November 2, 2016): 135–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/evo.13091.

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13

Morris, Michael M. J., and Robert E. Lemon. "Mate choice in American Redstarts: by territory quality?" Canadian Journal of Zoology 66, no. 10 (October 1, 1988): 2255–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z88-334.

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We consider the hypothesis that mate choice in American Redstarts (Setophaga ruticilla) depends primarily on features of territories held by males. We test the hypothesis that the territories of yearling males are demonstrably different from and inferior for reproduction to those of adult males. Territories held by the two age-classes in New Brunswick, Canada, were floristically different, but there were also major differences in territorial features in three microgeographic areas, both within each age-group and without regard to age. There were greater differences in nest success between area
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14

Huang, Wen-Ying, Pei-Chi Lee, Jaw-Cherng Hsu, Yu-Ru Lin, Hui-Ju Chen, and Yung-Sheng Lin. "Effects of Water Quality on Dissolution of Yerba Mate Extract Powders." Scientific World Journal 2014 (2014): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/768742.

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Yerba mate tea is known as one of the most popular nonalcoholic beverages favoured by South Americans due to its nutrition facts and medicinal properties. The processing of yerba mate tea is found to affect the properties of its final forms. This study presents an investigation into the effects of water sources on the dissolution of yerba mate extract powders. Comparisons were conducted between yerba mate teas prepared by dissolving yerba mate extract powders into tap water and deionized water. Topics to be explored in this work are the major compositions and antioxidant activities, including
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15

Hagen, Edward H., and Nicole Hess. "Sweet savage love: FA, BO, and SES in the EEA." Behavioral and Brain Sciences 23, no. 4 (August 2000): 604–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0140525x0042337x.

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Proxies of mate value must be evolutionarily salient. Gangestad & Simpson (G&S) have made a good case that fluctuating asymmetry is an important proxy of male mate value that correlates well with genetic and developmental quality. The use of financial variables as proxies for male investment ability by Gangestad, Simpson, and virtually every other investigator of human mating in evolutionary perspective, is, however, more problematic.
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16

Van Den Broek, Eva M. F., and Peter M. Todd. "Evolution of rhythm as an indicator of mate quality." Musicae Scientiae 13, no. 2_suppl (September 2009): 369–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1029864909013002161.

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Regular rhythmic repetition is a basic element of music in all human cultures and appears in numerous animal courtship signals. We propose that rhythm can function in courtship displays as an indicator of underlying mate quality. We constructed a model to explore whether regularly repeating patterns can serve as amplifiers of the performer's underlying neural quality. Our co-evolutionary simulation comprises male “songs” and female preferences, represented by bit strings. Males produce songs by copying their inborn template with some noise, depending on their quality. The females in turn asses
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17

Webb, Amy, and Maryanne L. Fisher. "DISTRIBUTION OF RESOURCES TO PANHANDLERS AS A MALE DISPLAY OF POTENTIAL MATE QUALITY." Human Ethology Bulletin 33, no. 4 (December 31, 2018): 28–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.22330/heb/334/028-036.

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18

Slagsvold, Tore, and Thomas Drevon. "Female pied flycatchers trade between male quality and mating status in mate choice." Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Series B: Biological Sciences 266, no. 1422 (May 7, 1999): 917–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.1999.0724.

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19

Ruther, Joachim, Michael Matschke, Leif-Alexander Garbe, and Sven Steiner. "Quantity matters: male sex pheromone signals mate quality in the parasitic waspNasonia vitripennis." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 276, no. 1671 (June 17, 2009): 3303–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2009.0738.

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20

Cronk, Lee, and Bria Dunham. "Amounts Spent on Engagement Rings Reflect Aspects of Male and Female Mate Quality." Human Nature 18, no. 4 (September 27, 2007): 329–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12110-007-9018-9.

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21

MARTÍN, J., and P. LÓPEZ. "Links between male quality, male chemical signals, and female mate choice in Iberian Rock Lizards." Functional Ecology 20, no. 6 (December 2006): 1087–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2435.2006.01183.x.

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22

McNamara, John M., Pär Forslund, and Alison Lang. "An ESS model for divorce strategies in birds." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B: Biological Sciences 354, no. 1380 (January 29, 1999): 223–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.1999.0374.

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We present a theoretical investigation of divorce. Arguments are couched in terms of birds, but should be applicable to other groups of organisms. We model a population in which there is a range of both male and female qualities, and decisions on whether to divorce are made by both members of a breeding pair. The reproductive success of a pair is additive in male and female qualities in the baseline case, but we also consider the effect of quality interactions. The availability of new mates depends on the divorce strategy of all population members. We allow for the possibility that mate choice
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23

Robart, Ashley R. "Effect of mate size on maternal reproductive effort in the convict cichlid Amatitlania siquia." Current Zoology 58, no. 1 (February 1, 2012): 66–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/czoolo/58.1.66.

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Abstract The differential allocation hypothesis predicts individuals will increase their reproductive investment when mated to a high quality partner. In many species of fish with biparental care females prefer large males due to the males’ greater ability to raise more offspring to independence. I examined the relationship between mate quality, parental care and number of offspring in a natural population of convict cichlids Amatitlania siquia. The frequency of frontal displays by females was positively correlated with male standard length. Additionally, as males increased in length relative
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24

Wiegmann, Daniel D., Lisa M. Angeloni, Steven M. Seubert, and J. Gordon. "Mate choice decisions by searchers." Current Zoology 59, no. 2 (April 1, 2013): 184–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/czoolo/59.2.184.

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Abstract For more than two decades rudimentary versions of the fixed sample and sequential search strategies have provided the primary theoretical foundation for the study of mate choice decisions by searchers. The theory that surrounds these models has expanded markedly over this time period. In this paper, we review and extend results derived from these models, with a focus on the empirical analysis of searcher behavior. The basic models are impractical for empirical purposes because they rely on the assumption that searchers—and, for applied purposes, researchers—assess prospective mates ba
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25

Suzuki, Yutaro, Chiaki Yasuda, Fumio Takeshita, and Satoshi Wada. "Male mate choice and male–male competition in the hermit crab Pagurus nigrofascia: importance of female quality." Marine Biology 159, no. 9 (June 26, 2012): 1991–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00227-012-1986-6.

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26

Cotar, Codina, John M. McNamara, E. J. Collins, and Alasdair I. Houston. "Should females prefer to mate with low-quality males?" Journal of Theoretical Biology 254, no. 3 (October 2008): 561–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jtbi.2008.06.015.

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27

Weidmann, Uli. "Plumage Quality and Mate Choice in Mallards (Anas Platyrhynchos)." Behaviour 115, no. 1-2 (1990): 127–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156853990x00329.

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AbstractThe suspected relevance of plumage quality of drakes for the choice of mates by ducks has been confirmed in a series of experiments. Drakes were ranked according to the extent of naturally occurring blemishes (deviations from the plumage of an ideal drake) and introduced, two at a time, to a resident group of female "adjudicators", who would choose drakes by following one of them and/or by performing aggressive acts against one or both. We could predict the outcome in almost every case. In other experiments we could influence female choice by making attractive drakes ugly or unattracti
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28

Durães, Renata, Bette A. Loiselle, Patricia G. Parker, and John G. Blake. "Female mate choice across spatial scales: influence of lek and male attributes on mating success of blue-crowned manakins." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 276, no. 1663 (February 25, 2009): 1875–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2008.1752.

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Lekking males compete for females within and among leks, yet female choice is expected to work differently at each of these spatial scales. We used paternity analyses to examine how lek versus male attributes influence mate choice in the blue-crowned manakin Lepidothrix coronata . We tested the hypotheses that females prefer (i) to mate at larger leks where a larger number of potential mates can be assessed, (ii) to mate with unrelated or highly heterozygous males expected to produce high-quality offspring, (iii) to mate with males that display at higher rates, and that (iv) display honestly r
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29

Pfennig, Karin S. "The evolution of mate choice and the potential for conflict between species and mate–quality recognition." Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Series B: Biological Sciences 265, no. 1407 (September 22, 1998): 1743–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.1998.0497.

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30

Fitzpatrick, Courtney L., and Maria R. Servedio. "Male mate choice, male quality, and the potential for sexual selection on female traits under polygyny." Evolution 71, no. 1 (November 29, 2016): 174–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/evo.13107.

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31

Gori, David F. "Adjustment of Parental Investment with Mate Quality by Male Yellow-Headed Blackbirds (Xanthocephalus xanthocephalus)." Auk 105, no. 4 (October 1, 1988): 672–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/auk/105.4.672.

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Abstract By removing young from the nests of competent females, I tested whether male Yellow-headed Blackbirds (Xanthocephalus xanthocephalus) could assess the parental competence of mates and adjust their parental investment accordingly. The purpose of this experimental reduction was to equalize the number of young in nests of parentally competent and incompetent females in order to control for the effect of offspring number on parental investment by males. Males had a greater probability of feeding at nests of competent-reduced females and they fed at a higher rate than they did at nests of
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32

Sandvik, Maria, Gunilla Rosenqvist, and Anders Berglund. "Male and female mate choice affects offspring quality in a sex–role–reversed pipefish." Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Series B: Biological Sciences 267, no. 1458 (November 7, 2000): 2151–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2000.1262.

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33

Pratt, Ann E., Donald J. Shure, Denson K. McLain, and Katrina Banderet. "Male and Female Soldier Beetles Relax Choice for Mate Quality Across Daily Courtship Periods." Ethology 123, no. 3 (February 14, 2017): 175–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/eth.12585.

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34

Morina, Daniel L., Steve Demarais, Bronson K. Strickland, and Jamie E. Larson. "While males fight, females choose: male phenotypic quality informs female mate choice in mammals." Animal Behaviour 138 (April 2018): 69–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.anbehav.2018.02.004.

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35

Kvarnemo, Charlotta, and Leigh W. Simmons. "Variance in female quality, operational sex ratio and male mate choice in a bushcricket." Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology 45, no. 3-4 (March 23, 1999): 245–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002650050559.

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36

Sprengers, Ellen, Erik Matthysen, Stefan Van Dongen, and André Dhondt. "Mate Selection by Male Winter Moths Operophtera Brumata (Lepidoptera, Geometrldae): Adaptive Male Choice or Female Control?" Behaviour 135, no. 1 (1998): 29–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156853998793066401.

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AbstractMate choice is an important component of sexual selection. It is expected to evolve if the benefits of choice outweigh the costs. Yet, the relative importance of costs and benefits in the evolution of mate choice remain poorly understood. In this study we present experimental evidence for adaptive mate choice by males, but not females, in the winter moth. In a series of experiments we show that: (a) males have a higher probability of attempting to copulate, and consequently also a higher probability to copulate with a larger, more fecund female; (b) if males are given the choice betwee
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37

Cain, Kristal E. "Mates of Competitive Females: The Relationships between Female Aggression, Mate Quality, and Parental Care." Advances in Zoology 2014 (June 30, 2014): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/319567.

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Though rarely mate-limited, females in a wide variety of species express traits commonly associated with mate competition in males. Recent research has shown that these competitive traits (ornaments, armaments, and intense aggression) often function in the context of female-female competition for nonsexual reproductive resources and are often positively related to reproductive success. Increased success could occur because competitive females acquire limited ecological resources (nest sites, territories, etc.) or because they pair with high quality males, that is, older, more ornamented, or mo
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38

Pimentel, Nathalia, Kelen Haygert Lencina, Marina Favarin Pedroso, Tamires Manfio Somavilla, and Dilson Antônio Bisognin. "Morphophysiological quality of yerba mate plantlets produced by mini-cuttings." Semina: Ciências Agrárias 38, no. 6 (November 23, 2017): 3515. http://dx.doi.org/10.5433/1679-0359.2017v38n6p3515.

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The objective of this study was to evaluate the morphophysiological quality of yerba mate plantlets (Ilex paraguariensis A. St.-Hil.) produced by mini-cutting at four different times of year and cultivated in different containers. For the rooting of mini-cuttings, shoots of four yerba mate clones were collected four times during the year (April, July and October 2014 and January, 2015), cut into single-budded mini-cuttings and planted in equal proportions of pine bark-based commercial substrate, vermiculite and coarse sand. After 60 days of cultivation in a wet chamber, the rooted mini-cutting
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39

Schlaepfer, Martin A., and Jeremy N. McNeil. "Are virgin male lepidopterans more successful in mate acquisition than previously mated individuals? A study of the European corn borer, Ostrinia nubilalis (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae)." Canadian Journal of Zoology 78, no. 11 (November 1, 2000): 2045–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z00-147.

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Male phenotypic quality may significantly influence female reproductive success. Depletion of sperm and accessory-gland secretions with successive matings represents a reduction in male phenotypic quality and is known to decrease female reproductive output in several lepidopteran species, including the European corn borer (ECB), Ostrinia nubilalis. We therefore tested the hypothesis that female ECBs, given the simultaneous choice of an experienced male and a virgin male, preferentially mate with the virgin. However, contrary to prediction, females mated significantly more often with experience
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40

Preston, B. T., I. R. Stevenson, J. M. Pemberton, D. W. Coltman, and K. Wilson. "Male mate choice influences female promiscuity in Soay sheep." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 272, no. 1561 (February 21, 2005): 365–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2004.2977.

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In most animal species, males are predicted to compete for reproductive opportunities, while females are expected to choose between potential mates. However, when males' rate of reproduction is constrained, or females vary widely in ‘quality’, male mate choice is also predicted to occur. Such conditions exist in the promiscuous mating system of feral Soay sheep on St Kilda, Scotland, where a highly synchronized mating season, intense sperm competition and limitations on sperm production constrain males' potential reproductive rate, and females vary substantially in their ability to produce suc
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MAZALOV, VLADIMIR, and ANNA FALKO. "NASH EQUILIBRIUM IN TWO-SIDED MATE CHOICE PROBLEM." International Game Theory Review 10, no. 04 (December 2008): 421–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219198908002023.

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We consider a two-sided search model in which individuals from two distinct populations would like to form a long-term relationship with a member of the other population. The individual choice is determined by the quality of the partner. Initially the quality of individuals in the population is uniform. At every stage the individuals randomly matched from their populations recognize the quality of the partner. If they accept each other they create a couple and leave the game. The partner's quality is the payoff. Unmatched players go to the next stage. At the last stage the individuals accept a
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42

Dale, Svein, and Tore Slagsvold. "Mate Choice On Multiple Cues, Decision Rules and Sampling Strategies in Female Pied Flycatchers." Behaviour 133, no. 11-12 (1996): 903–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156853996x00305.

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The mate sampling behaviour and mate choice of 125 individually marked female pied flycatchers, Ficedula hypoleuca, was recorded with video cameras. Females visited on average 3.1 males within a period of less than 1 day. Females had independent preferences for unmated males, brightly coloured males and males with nestboxes that had small entrance holes; 77-86% of the females chose a male that was the best one among the males sampled in relation to at least one of these factors. When having a choice only on mating status 91 % of the females made a correct choice; corresponding values for pluma
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43

Wedell, Nina. "Mate Quality Affects Reproductive Effort in a Paternally Investing Species." American Naturalist 148, no. 6 (December 1996): 1075–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/285972.

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44

Haaland, Thomas R., Jonathan Wright, Bram Kuijper, and Irja I. Ratikainen. "Differential Allocation Revisited: When Should Mate Quality Affect Parental Investment?" American Naturalist 190, no. 4 (October 2017): 534–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/693484.

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45

de Zawadzki, Andressa, Leandro O. R. Arrivetti, Marília P. Vidal, Jonatan R. Catai, Renata T. Nassu, Rymer R. Tullio, Alexandre Berndt, et al. "Mate extract as feed additive for improvement of beef quality." Food Research International 99 (September 2017): 336–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.foodres.2017.05.033.

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46

Hasegawa, Masaru, Emi Arai, Mamoru Watanabe, and Masahiko Nakamura. "Female mate choice based on territory quality in barn swallows." Journal of Ethology 30, no. 1 (October 21, 2011): 143–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10164-011-0307-8.

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47

Harris, W. Edwin, and Tobias Uller. "Reproductive investment when mate quality varies: differential allocation versus reproductive compensation." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 364, no. 1520 (March 12, 2009): 1039–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2008.0299.

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Reproductive investment decisions form an integral part of life-history biology. Selection frequently favours plasticity in investment that can generate maternal effects on offspring development. For example, if females differentially allocate resources based on mate attractiveness or quality, this can create a non-genetic link between mate attractiveness and offspring fitness with potential consequences for ecological and evolutionary dynamics. It is therefore important to understand under what conditions differential investment into offspring in relation to male quality is expected to occur
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48

Lifjeld, Jan T., and Tore Slagsvold. "Incomplete Female Knowledge of Male Quality May Explain Variation in Extra-Pair Paternity in Birds." Behaviour 134, no. 5-6 (1997): 353–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156853997x00584.

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AbstractWe present and discuss an hypothesis to explain inter- and intraspecific variation in levels of extra-pair paternity (EPP) in birds. In species with biparental care, females may be willing to engage in extra-pair copulation (EPC) to improve the genetic quality of the offspring. However, it may be costly to sample males and difficult to assess their genetic quality. Hence, we suggest that variation occurs in the extent of such knowledge between females, causing variation in the extent to which they are willing to engage in EPC. From the hypothesis we present nine predictions on occurren
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49

Friedl, Thomas W. P., and Georg M. Klump. "Extrapair Fertilizations in Red Bishops (Euplectes Orix): Do Females Follow Conditional Extrapair Strategies?" Auk 122, no. 1 (January 1, 2005): 57–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/auk/122.1.57.

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Abstract Although many studies have revealed differences in patterns of extrapair paternity between species and between populations of the same species, possible differences in female extrapair behavior within populations have received far less attention. Here, we propose and test the hypothesis that females of the highly polygynous Red Bishop (Euplectes orix) follow two different extrapair strategies, with benefits of extrapair copulations depending on the quality of their social mate (”conditional-extrapair-strategy hypothesis”). In particular, we propose that females mated to low-quality ma
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50

Valencia-Aguilar, Anyelet, Kelly R. Zamudio, Célio F. B. Haddad, Steve M. Bogdanowicz, and Cynthia P. A. Prado. "Show me you care: female mate choice based on egg attendance rather than male or territorial traits." Behavioral Ecology 31, no. 4 (May 31, 2020): 1054–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/beheco/araa051.

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Abstract Female mate choice is often based on male traits, including signals or behaviors, and/or the quality of a male’s territory. In species with obligate paternal care, where care directly affects offspring survival, females may also base their mate choices on the quality of a sire’s care. Here, we quantified male reproductive success in a natural population of the glass frog Hyalinobatrachium cappellei, a species with male parental care, to determine the influence of territory quality, male traits, and paternal care behaviors on female mate choice. We found that attending males have a hig
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