Relevant bibliographies by topics / Materiał

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  2. Dissertations / Theses
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Academic literature on the topic 'Materiał'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 24 April 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Materiał"

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Wdowin, Magdalena. "Surowiec kaolinowy jako potencjalny materiał do syntezy zeolitu typu A." Gospodarka Surowcami Mineralnymi 31, no. 3 (March 1, 2015): 45–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/gospo-2015-0030.

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Streszczenie W pracy przedstawiono możliwość uzyskania materiału zeolitowego typu A z naturalnych surowców ilastych. Materiał wykorzystany do syntezy stanowił wysokiej klasy kaolin pozyskiwany dla celów ceramicznych z piaskowca kaolinowego ze złoża Maria III k. Bolesławca. Surowiec kaolinowy poddano szeregom reakcji celem otrzymania zeolitu typu A. W pierwszym etapie materiał kalcynowano celem uzyskania amorficznego, bardziej reaktywnego produktu (metakaolinu). Następnie metakolin poddano reakcji hydrotermalnej (w temperaturze 100°C), gdzie materiał ten połączono z roztworem wodnym 3 mol·dm−3 wodorotlenu sodu. W wyniku reakcji otrzymano zeolit Na-A, który scharakteryzowano stosując metody mineralogiczne (XRD, SEM-EDS, DTA/TG), chemiczne (XRF) i teksturalne (ASAP). Badania XRD wykazały, że otrzymany produkt stanowi wysokiej czystości zeolit typu A, gdzie udział fazy zeolitowej w otrzymanym materiale wyniósł (95% wt.), resztę stanowił kwarc. Analizy morfologii ziaren (SEM) potwierdziły dobrą krystalizację zeolitu, gdzie materiał ten formuje bardzo dobrze wykształcone kubiczne kryształy. Powierzchnia właściwa (w badaniach teksturalnych) oznaczona w atmosferze azotu wyniosła 4 m2/g. Rozkład wielkości porów wykazał, że zeolit ten ma charakter mikro- i mezoporowaty z dominującym udziałem porów o średnicy 3,5 Å. Celem określenia przydatności badanego materiału zeolitowego do sorpcji ditlenku węgla przeprowadzono wstępne testy, polegające na określeniu powierzchni właściwej w atmosferze CO2, w temperaturach 0 i 25°C. W badaniach tych otrzymano intersujące wyniki, ponieważ powierzchnia właściwa w atmosferze CO2 dla każdej badanej temperatury wyniosła około 400 m2/g. Wynik ten wskazuje na bardzo dobrą selektywność otrzymanego materiału względem CO2, przez co zeolit Na-A powinien być poddany dalszym analizom celem oszacowania jego przydatności pod kątem wychwytywania ditlenku węgla. Otrzymane wyniki syntezy i charakterystyki zeolitu Na-A wskazują na możliwość wykorzystania krajowego surowca kaolinowego do otrzymywania wysokiej jakości zeolitu typu A.
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Markowski, Jarosław. "Cenosfery. Uniwersalny materiał konstrukcyjny." PRZEMYSŁ CHEMICZNY 1, no. 6 (June 5, 2019): 110–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.15199/62.2019.6.16.

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Sokołowski, Piotr, and Paweł Kossakowski. "KOMPOZYT WAPIENNO-KONOPNY - MATERIAŁ EKOLOGICZNY." Zeszyty Naukowe Politechniki Częstochowskiej. Budownictwo 175, no. 25 (January 2020): 230–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.17512/znb.2019.1.36.

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Sokołowski, Piotr, and Paweł Kossakowski. "KOMPOZYT WAPIENNO-KONOPNY - MATERIAŁ EKOLOGICZNY." Zeszyty Naukowe Politechniki Częstochowskiej. Budownictwo 175, no. 25 (January 2020): 230–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.17512/znb.2020.1.36.

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Grele, Ronald J. "Historia mówiona jako materiał dowodowy." Wrocławski Rocznik Historii Mówionej, Specjalny (December 31, 2018): 51–116. http://dx.doi.org/10.26774/wrhm.215.

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Ronald J. Grele przedstawia etapy rozwoju i główne nurty współtworzące współczesną historię mówioną – od tworzenia archiwów, przez działalność społeczną i edukacyjną, po badania historyczne. Wśród nich na szczególną uwagę zasługują te, wpisujące się w nurt nowej historii społecznej, realizujące postulat zapisania i wydobycia oddolnej perspektywy historycznej. Tłumaczenie na podstawie: R.J. Grele, Oral History as Evidence, [w:] Handbook of Oral History, red. T.L. Charlton, L.E. Myers, R. Sharpless, Oxford 2006, s. 43–101. Zgoda na publikację przetłumaczonej wersji artykułu została udzielona przez Autora i wydawnictwo Rowman & Littlefield Publisher. Licencja CC BY-SA 4.0 (przyp. red.).
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Konopa, Bartłomiej. "Witryna internetowa jako materiał archiwalny." Archiwa - Kancelarie - Zbiory, no. 7(9)/ (May 26, 2016): 113. http://dx.doi.org/10.12775/akz.2016.006.

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Błaż, Sławomir, Grzegorz Zima, and Bartłomiej Jasiński. "Badania laboratoryjne nad zastosowaniem tetratlenku trimanganu jako materiału obciążającego do płuczek wiertniczych." Nafta-Gaz 78, no. 3 (March 2022): 208–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.18668/ng.2022.03.05.

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Wiercenie otworów metodą nadciśnieniową wymaga stosowania płuczek wiertniczych o gęstości gwarantującej zrównoważenie ciśnienia złożowego i zapewnienie stabilności otworu. Do zwiększania gęstości płuczek wiertniczych najczęściej wykorzystywane są materiały obciążające takie jak węglan wapnia, baryt, ferrohem, hematyt. W praktyce do obciążania płuczek wiertniczych do dowiercania stosowany jest węglan wapnia CaCO3 z uwagi na jego wysoką rozpuszczalność w kwasie. Jednak zbyt duża koncentracja węglanu wapnia w płuczce wpływa na podwyższenie parametrów reologicznych płuczki oraz związane z tym komplikacje wiertnicze (np. przechwycenie przewodu wiertniczego). Dlatego też do płuczek o wyższej gęstości w celu zmniejszenia ilości materiałów stałych dodawany jest baryt, charakteryzujący się znacznie większą gęstością – 4,2 g/cm3. Płuczki wiertnicze obciążane barytem w zmiennych warunkach ciśnienia i temperatury narażone są na częste zmiany gęstości, wynikające ze statycznego i dynamicznego osiadania barytu. Podczas wiercenia baryt może także powodować znaczne uszkodzenia formacji złożowych i konieczne jest w związku z tym przeprowadzenie zabiegów stymulacyjnych. Zwiększenie przepuszczalności złoża przeprowadza się między innymi poprzez zabieg kwasowania. Baryt jako materiał obciążający nie reaguje z powszechnie stosowanymi w zabiegach kwasami, co może powodować trwałe uszkodzenie złoża. Stosunkowo nowym rodzajem materiału obciążającego, który wykazuje zupełnie inne właściwości niż standardowy baryt używany do obciążania płuczek jest tetratlenek trimanganu. Materiał ten z uwagi na swoje właściwości wykazuje niewielki wpływ na parametry reologiczne płuczki, łatwo ulega w niej zawieszeniu, a dodatkowo stabilizuje zawiesiny, ograniczając sedymentację zwierconej fazy stałej, co ma znaczenie przy wierceniu otworów kierunkowych. W artykule przedstawiono badania laboratoryjne nad możliwością zastosowania tetratlenku trimanganu Mn3O4 jako środka do regulowania gęstości płuczek przeznaczonych do wiercenia otworów w warunkach wysokiej temperatury i ciśnienia HTHP. Tetratlenek trimanganu jako materiał obciążający może stanowić alternatywę dla barytu, szczególnie w płuczkach wiertniczych stosowanych do wiercenia otworów geotermalnych oraz do dowiercania horyzontów produktywnych. Opracowane płuczki zawierające nowy rodzaj materiału obciążającego charakteryzują się mniejszą tendencją do sedymentacji materiału obciążającego i niższymi parametrami reologicznymi w porównaniu z konwencjonalnymi płuczkami wiertniczymi obciążonymi barytem.
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Dmitruk, Michał. "Zastosowanie drewna klejonego w konstrukcji budynków wysokościowych, na przykładzie realizacji z krajów zachodnich." Teka Komisji Architektury, Urbanistyki i Studiów Krajobrazowych 16, no. 2 (June 30, 2020): 76–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.35784/teka.1689.

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Z architekturą nowoczesnych, wysokich i wysokościowych budynków z XX i początków XXI wieku kojarzone są przede wszystkim takie materiały jak stal, szkło i beton. Wraz z rozwojem technologii, coraz popularniejsze w krajach zachodnich staje się stosowanie materiałów pochodzenia roślinnego, takich jak drewno klejone. Wykorzystanie drewna jako materiału konstrukcyjnego przynosi wiele korzyści zarówno ekonomicznych, technologicznych jak i użytkowych. Jest to budulec bardziej elastyczny, lżejszy i często wytrzymalszy niż konstrukcje powszechnie stosowane. Dzięki technologii klejenia krzyżowego lub warstwowego, budynki są w stanie uzyskać znaczne wysokości, przy zachowaniu odpowiednich parametrów wytrzymałościowych. Materiał ten okazuje się być łatwiejszy w transporcie, a przy odpowiednim przygotowaniu prefabrykowanych elementów, również przyspiesza procesy budowlane, ułatwiając montaż. Jest to również materiał ekologiczny. Przy odpowiednio zaplanowanej gospodarce leśnej, jest w stanie zapewnić zrównoważone zużycie budulca, jednocześnie minimalizując koszt dla środowiska naturalnego, m.in. obniżając emisję CO2. Główną przeszkodą w zastosowaniu wspomnianej technologii na szerszą skalę, są liczne obostrzenia prawne, dotyczące wytrzymałości i odporności ogniowej. Przytaczane w poniższym artykule badania oraz przykłady realizacji, pokazują jednak iż drewno klejone jest w stanie zachować odpowiednie parametry, zapewniając trwałość konstrukcji i bezpieczeństwo użytkownikom obiektu.
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Ksit, Barbara. "Poliuretan jako materiał termoizolacyjny dachów kaskadowych." MATERIAŁY BUDOWLANE 1, no. 3 (March 5, 2017): 62–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.15199/33.2017.03.17.

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Stryczak, Przemysław. "Hydrofobowa pianka melaminowa - innowacyjny materiał izolacyjny." MATERIAŁY BUDOWLANE 1, no. 12 (December 5, 2018): 42–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.15199/33.2018.12.13.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Materiał"

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Kotyk, Maciej. "Analiza odporności na pękanie materiału warstwowego Al-Ti." Rozprawa doktorska, Uniwersytet Technologiczno-Przyrodniczy w Bydgoszczy, 2018. http://dlibra.utp.edu.pl/Content/1233.

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Zasadniczym celem pracy jest analiza wybranych właściwości mechanicznych nowego materiału warstwowego AA2519-AA1050-Ti6AI4V oraz jego materiałów bazowych
The reason for the work is determination and analysis of selected mechanical properties of the new layer material AA2519-AA1050-Ti6AI4V and its base materials
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Ślusarek, Jan. "Model twardnienia tworzyw cementowych." Praca habilitacyjna, Wydawnictwo Politechniki Śląskiej, 2001. https://delibra.bg.polsl.pl/dlibra/docmetadata?showContent=true&id=8550.

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Andrzejewska, Jadwiga (rolnictwo). "Agrotechniczne uwarunkowania plonowania i brodawkowania zróżnicowanych odmian grochu siewnego (Pisum sativum L.)." Rozprawa habilitacyjna, Wydaw. Uczelniane Akademii Techniczno-Rolniczej, 2002. http://dlibra.utp.edu.pl/Content/189.

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Domoradzki, Marek. "Doskonalenie technologii pozbiorowej obróbki nasion ekologicznych na przykładzie roślin baldaszkowatych." Rozprawa habilitacyjna, Wydaw. Uczelniane Uniwersytetu Technologiczno-Przyrodniczego, 2011. http://dlibra.utp.edu.pl/Content/252.

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Jaskulski, Dariusz. "Badania nad siewem pszenżyta jarego." Rozprawa habilitacyjna, Wydaw. Uczelniane Akademii Techniczno-Rolniczej, 2003. http://dlibra.utp.edu.pl/Content/191.

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Sobrosa, Fabiano Zanini. "Desenvolvimento de materiais cerâmicos refratários com adição da sílica residual proveniente da queima da casca de arroz." Universidade Federal do Pampa, 2014. http://dspace.unipampa.edu.br:8080/xmlui/handle/riu/767.

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Submitted by Cátia Araújo (catia.araujo@unipampa.edu.br) on 2017-01-25T12:34:29Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 1232 bytes, checksum: 66e71c371cc565284e70f40736c94386 (MD5) Desenvolvimento de materiais cerâmicos refratários com adição da sílica residual proveniente da queima da casca de arroz.pdf: 10705111 bytes, checksum: f3dc853aa0f1b672236697852c098384 (MD5)
Approved for entry into archive by Cátia Araújo (catia.araujo@unipampa.edu.br) on 2017-01-25T12:37:45Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 1232 bytes, checksum: 66e71c371cc565284e70f40736c94386 (MD5) Desenvolvimento de materiais cerâmicos refratários com adição da sílica residual proveniente da queima da casca de arroz.pdf: 10705111 bytes, checksum: f3dc853aa0f1b672236697852c098384 (MD5)
Made available in DSpace on 2017-01-25T12:37:45Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 1232 bytes, checksum: 66e71c371cc565284e70f40736c94386 (MD5) Desenvolvimento de materiais cerâmicos refratários com adição da sílica residual proveniente da queima da casca de arroz.pdf: 10705111 bytes, checksum: f3dc853aa0f1b672236697852c098384 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-03-20
Com a intenção de agregar valor à cinza da casca de arroz, subproduto da indústria orizícola, e colaborar para um desenvolvimento sustentável do país, esta pesquisa buscou desenvolver materiais cerâmicos refratários com a substituição parcial da argila pela sílica de casca de arroz (SCA) produzida a partir da geração de energia elétrica. Atualmente, na região da fronteira oeste do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul, existem várias usinas termoelétricas de biomassa para geração de energia elétrica através da queima da casca de arroz. Essa tecnologia vem ao encontro da necessidade de diversificação da matriz energética no país. A indústria orizícola produz no Brasil aproximadamente 12 milhões de toneladas por ano de arroz, e aproximadamente 2,5 milhões de toneladas por ano são convertidos em casca. Caso toda esta casca fosse queimada, gerar-se-iam aproximadamente 500 mil toneladas de cinza, a qual é rica em sílica. Portanto, viabilizar seu aproveitamento tende a reduzir o passivo ambiental, além dos benefícios econômicos. No presente trabalho foi analisado o efeito da substituição parcial da argila refratária por sílica da casca de arroz (SCA) nas propriedades mecânicas e termomecânicas dos materiais cerâmicos refratários produzidos, em percentuais de 5, 10 e 20%. Foram analisadas as propriedades mecânicas desses materiais através de ensaios de resistência à compressão, tração direta, flexão em três pontos e dureza superficial Vickers. Analisaram-se também a retração linear, absorção de água, porosidade aparente e resistência ao choque térmico. Conforme se aumentou a substituição parcial de argila refratária por SCA, foi obtido um melhor empacotamento da mistura granular e, consequentemente, ocorreu uma melhora nas propriedades mecânicas das amostras. Por outro lado, o material apresentou-se mais frágil, com menor resistência ao choque térmico. Não foi encontrada variação na retração linear após a queima, já a absorção de água e porosidade aparente diminuíram conforme se aumentou a substituição da argila pela SCA. A microestrutura do material foi analisada através de análise por microscopia eletrônica de varredura (MEV) e difração de raios-x, onde se identificaram as fases cristalinas na mineralogia do material resultante. Na análise da mineralogia do material observou-se um aumento de pico de cristobalita conforme se aumentou o teor de SCA na mistura, em função da cristalização da sílica livre. Um menor volume de porosidade foi encontrado conforme se aumentou o teor de substituição de argila pela SCA.
With the intention of adding value to rice husk ash, a byproduct of paddy industry, and contribute to sustainable development of the country, this research sought to develop refractory ceramic materials with refractory partial replacement of clay by silica from rice husk (SCA) produced from electricity generation. Currently on the western border of the State of Rio Grande do Sul, there are several biomass power plants for generating electricity by burning rice husk. This technology comes against the need for diversification of energy sources in the country. The paddy industry in Brazil produces approximately 12 million tons of rice per year, of which approximately 2.5 million tons per year are converted into shell. If all this bark was burned, it would generate approximately 500 tons of ash, which is rich in silica. Thus enabling its use tends to reduce the environmental liability beyond economic benefits. In the present work, the effect of partial replacement of silica refractory clay for rice husk (SCA) on the mechanical and thermomechanical properties of refractory ceramic materials was analyzed for percentages of 5, 10 and 20%. The mechanical properties of these materials were analyzed by testing compressive strength, direct-drive, three point bending and superficial hardness. We also analyzed the linear shrinkage, water absorption, apparent porosity and resistance to thermal shock. As increased the partial replacement of refractory clay for SCA in the mixture was obtained a better packing of the granular mixture and, consequently, better results in mechanical properties were found. On the other hand, the material appeared more brittle, with a lower thermal shock resistance. Was not found in the linear shrinkage after firing, the water absorption and apparent porosity decreased as the clay was increased by replacement SCA. The microstructure of the material was analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (MEV) and x-ray diffraction where the crystalline phases identified in the mineralogy of the resulting material. The analysis of the mineralogy of the material was observed an increase of cristobalite peak was increased as the content of SCA, depending on the crystallization of the free silica. A smaller volume of porosity is found according to the increased content of clay replacement SCA.
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Correia, Sivaldo Leite. "Efeito de materias-primas nas propriedades tecnologicas de massas ceramicas para pavimento gres." reponame:Repositório Institucional da UFSC, 1996. https://repositorio.ufsc.br/xmlui/handle/123456789/158084.

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Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro Tecnologico
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Estudo de propriedades físico-químicas e tecnológicas de matérias-primas e massas cerâmicas para pavimento grês. Foram efetuadas análises químicas e mineralógicas em argilas, caulim, arenito, filito, fonolito e talco. O processamento foi feito a partir do pó. Visando dar uma aplicação para as matérias-primas, foi determinado o diagramas de gresificação, a densidade aparente a seco e no sinterizado, o coeficiente de dilatação térmica linear e a resistência mecânica por compressão diametral.
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Stochero, Naiane Paiva. "Desenvolvimento de cerâmica refratária com fibra de aço e sílica residual proveniente da queima da casca de arroz." Universidade Federal do Pampa, 2015. http://dspace.unipampa.edu.br:8080/xmlui/handle/riu/782.

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Submitted by Cátia Araújo (catia.araujo@unipampa.edu.br) on 2017-01-26T11:18:24Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 1232 bytes, checksum: 66e71c371cc565284e70f40736c94386 (MD5) Desenvolvimento de cerâmica refratária com fibra de aço e sílica residual proveniente da queima da casca de arroz.pdf: 5761236 bytes, checksum: a142f60a2f92e30742027abc659f21f3 (MD5)
Approved for entry into archive by Cátia Araújo (catia.araujo@unipampa.edu.br) on 2017-01-26T11:18:41Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 1232 bytes, checksum: 66e71c371cc565284e70f40736c94386 (MD5) Desenvolvimento de cerâmica refratária com fibra de aço e sílica residual proveniente da queima da casca de arroz.pdf: 5761236 bytes, checksum: a142f60a2f92e30742027abc659f21f3 (MD5)
Made available in DSpace on 2017-01-26T11:18:41Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 1232 bytes, checksum: 66e71c371cc565284e70f40736c94386 (MD5) Desenvolvimento de cerâmica refratária com fibra de aço e sílica residual proveniente da queima da casca de arroz.pdf: 5761236 bytes, checksum: a142f60a2f92e30742027abc659f21f3 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-02-05
O Estado do Rio Grande do Sul apresenta um dos maiores índices de produção de arroz do país, e Alegrete é um dos municípios que lidera esta estatística. A casca de arroz é um dos subprodutos originados do beneficiamento do arroz, e é muito utilizada como fonte de energia térmica para a geração de energia elétrica. Após a queima é gerada a cinza da casca do arroz, rica em sílica. Sendo assim, o objetivo deste trabalho é diversificar o aproveitamento deste resíduo como matéria-prima alternativa para materiais cerâmicos refratários e agregar valor a este subproduto. Outro objetivo é aumentar as propriedades mecânicas de matrizes frágeis, que possuem uma tendência a falhar por fadiga e choque térmico, limitando a sua aplicabilidade. Foram fabricados materiais cerâmicos refratários com 80% de argila caulim, 20% de sílica da casca de arroz e fibras de aço em teores volumétricos de 3%, 6% e 9%. Realizaram-se ensaios de absorção de água, densidade aparente, porosidade aparente, resistência à compressão, tração direta, flexão em três pontos, ensaio de choque térmico e análise de microestrutura do material. Com a substituição de argila pela sílica, foram obtidas maior resistência mecânica, e maior tenacidade, possivelmente devido à diminuição da porosidade e pelo aumento do nível de vitrificação. A cerâmica com 9% de fibra obteve o melhor desempenho em relação à ductilidade, em razão do maior grau de deformação do material até o momento de ruptura. As cerâmicas com 3% de fibra e 6% de fibra apresentaram os melhores desempenhos frente ao choque térmico. Na análise da mineralogia do material após a sinterização, observou-se a formação de picos de mulita. Com a substituição da argila pela sílica foram identificados picos de cristobalita.
The State of Rio Grande do Sul presents one of the highest indices of rice production in the Country, and Alegrete is one of the towns that leads this statistics. Rice husk, is one of the byproducts originated from processing of rice, and is very used as thermal energy source to generate electricity. After firing generated rice husk ash, rich in silica. Thus, the aim of this work is to diversify the use of this waste as an alternative raw material for refractory ceramic materials and add value to this byproduct. Another objectiveis to increase the mechanical properties of brittle matrices that have tendency to fail by fatigue and thermal shock, limiting its applicability. Were manufactured refractory ceramic materials with 80% of kaolin clay, 20% rice husk silica, and steel fibers in volumetric concentrations of 3%, 6% and 9%. Tests about water absorption were done, apparent density, apparent porosity, compressive strength, direct traction, three points flexion, thermal shock test and analysis of the microstructure of the material. Replacing the clay by silica, was obtained greater strength, and greater toughness, possibly due to the decrease of the porosity and increasing the level of vitrifying. The ceramic with 9% fiber obtained the better performance relative for ductility, due to the higher degree of deformation of the material until the moment of rupture. The ceramic with 3% fiber and 6% fiber showed better performance front thermal shock. In mineralogical analysis of the material showed the formation of mullite peaks. With substituting the clay by silica cristobalite peak was identified.
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Gil, Stanisław. "Kinetyka tworzenia się tlenków azotu podczas ciśnieniowego spalania węgla." Praca habilitacyjna, Wydawnictwo Politechniki Śląskiej, 2012. https://delibra.bg.polsl.pl/dlibra/docmetadata?showContent=true&id=20158.

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Freitas, Ricardo Luiz Barros de [UNESP]. "Fabricação, caracterização e aplicações do compósito PZT/PVDF." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/100281.

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Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)
Um material compósito é constituído pela combinação de dois ou mais materiais, onde se procura sintetizar um novo material multifásico, e que abrigue as melhores características individuais de cada um de seus constituintes. Compósitos de polímeros (matriz) e ferroelétricos (inclusões) podem manifestar piezoeletricidade, ou seja, a produção de uma resposta elétrica devido a uma excitação mecânica, e vice-versa. Nesta tese o material polimérico usado para preparar os filmes ou lâminas de nanocompósitos é o PVDF, e, o material cerâmico é formado por nanopartículas de PZT. Ambos os materiais são dielétricos, porém, com características muito distintas (por exemplo, o PVDF tem aproximadamente 1/4 da densidade e 1/250 da constante dielétrica do PZT). O PZT é muito utilizado em transdutores, principalmente devido aos seus elevados coeficientes piezoelétricos, contudo, é quebradiço e sofre desgaste quando empregado na forma de filmes ou lâminas. Por outro lado, o PVDF é um polímero piezoelétrico que apresenta grande flexibilidade e excelentes resistências mecânica e química, porém, seus coeficientes piezoelétricos são apenas moderados. A fim de se aumentar a flexibilidade do PZT, mistura-se o pó cerâmico, na forma de nanopartículas, com o PVDF, também pulverizado. Na tese, evidencia-se que o compósito constituído por esta combinação cerâmica-polímero proporciona uma nova classe de materiais funcionais com grande potencial de aplicação, por terem combinadas a resistência e rigidez das cerâmicas, e, a elasticidade, flexibilidade, baixa densidade e elevada resistência a ruptura mecânica dos polímeros. O novo material tem grande resistência a choques mecânicos, flexibilidade, maleabilidade, e, principalmente, coeficientes piezoelétricos relativamente elevados. Amostras do compósito...
A composite material is constituted by the combination of two or more materials, which synthesizes a new multiphase material, and has the best individual characteristics of each of its constituents. Polymer composites (matrix) and ferroelectric (inclusions) can express piezoelectricity, i.e. the production of an electrical response due to a mechanical excitation, and vice versa. In this thesis the polymeric material used to prepare the films or slides of nanocomposites is the PVDF, and, ceramic material is formed by PZT nanoparticles. Both materials are dielectrics, however, with very different characteristics (for example, the PVDF is approximately 1/4 density and 1/250 relative permittivity from PZT). The PZT is widely used in transducers, mainly due to their high piezoelectric coefficients, however, is brittle and suffers wear and tear when employed in the form of films or slides. On the other hand, the PVDF is a piezoelectric polymer that offers great flexibility and excellent mechanical and chemical resistances, however, its piezoelectric coefficients are only moderate. In order to increase the flexibility of PZT, ceramic powder is mix, in the form of nanoparticles, with PVDF, also sprayed. In theory, it becomes evident that composite consisting of this ceramic- polymer combination delivers a new class of functional materials with great potential for application, because they combine the strength and rigidity of ceramics, and elasticity, flexibility, low density and high resistance to mechanical disruption of polymers. The new material has great resistance to mechanical shock, flexibility, suppleness, and, primarily, relatively high piezoelectric coefficients. PZT/PVDF composite samples were fabricated and characterized aiming to applications such as: piezoelectric actuators, acoustic emission detectors, and energy... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
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Books on the topic "Materiał"

1

Zimand, Roman. Materiał dowodowy: Szkice drugie. Paryż: Instytut Literacki, 1992.

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Materiał rzeźby: Między techniką a semantyką. Wrocław: Wydawn. Uniwersytetu Wrocławskiego, 2009.

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Stefańczyk, Bogusław. Asfalt i materiał kamienny w drogowej konstrukcji jezdni. Szczecin: Wydawn. Uczelniane Politechniki Szczecińskiej, 1991.

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Sundarkrishnaa, K. L. Friction Material Composites: Materials Perspective. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2012.

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Prasad, N. Eswara, and R. J. H. Wanhill, eds. Aerospace Materials and Material Technologies. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-2134-3.

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Prasad, N. Eswara, and R. J. H. Wanhill, eds. Aerospace Materials and Material Technologies. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-2143-5.

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Stoller, Roger E., Rudy J. M. Konings, Todd R. Allen, and Shinsuke Yamanaka. Comprehensive nuclear materials: Material performance and corrosion/waste materials. Amsterdam: Elsevier, 2012.

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49, Oficyna Wydawnicza 3., ed. Terapia metaboliczna witaminą B17 stosowana w profilaktyce oraz leczeniu chorób nowotworowych: Materiał uzupełniający do książki G. Edwarda Griffina "Świat bez raka. Opowieść o witaminie B17" : [praca zbiorowa. 2nd ed. Poznań: Oficyna Wydawnicza 3.49, 2010.

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editor, D'Amico Antonio 1979, ed. Luigi Farina: È materia nello spazio = material in space. Acqui Terme (AL): Lizea Artedizioni, 2014.

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Materials and the environment: Eco-informed material choice. 2nd ed. Waltham, MA: Butterworth-Heinemann, 2012.

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Book chapters on the topic "Materiał"

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Kumler, Aden. "Materials, Materia, “Materiality”." In A Companion to Medieval Art, 95–117. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781119077756.ch4.

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Mulder, Marcel. "Materials and Material Properties." In Basic Principles of Membrane Technology, 22–70. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-1766-8_2.

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Mulder, Marcel. "Materials and Material Properties." In Basic Principles of Membrane Technology, 17–53. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-0835-7_2.

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Yucel, Taner, Esra Yildiz, and Ugur Erdemir. "Material Selection: Restorative Materials." In Esthetic and Functional Management of Diastema, 185–96. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-24361-0_13.

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Maugin, Gérard A. "Material forces in anelastic materials." In Material Inhomogeneities in Elasticity, 234–47. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-4481-8_10.

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Ghoddusi, Jamileh. "Material Modifications and Related Materials." In Mineral Trioxide Aggregate in Dentistry, 131–49. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-55157-4_7.

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Aksoy, Hüseyin Gökmen. "Wideband Material Characterization of Viscoelastic Materials." In Conference Proceedings of the Society for Experimental Mechanics Series, 117–23. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-21762-8_14.

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Maugin, G. A., and S. Imatani. "Material Growth in Solid-Like Materials." In IUTAM Symposium on Computational Mechanics of Solid Materials at Large Strains, 221–34. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-0297-3_20.

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Schoenung, Julie M., and Carl W. Lam. "Hazardous Materials hazardous material Characterization hazardous material characterization and Assessment hazardous material assessment." In Encyclopedia of Sustainability Science and Technology, 4846–65. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-0851-3_91.

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Gupta, Navneet, and Kavindra Kandpal. "Material Selection Techniques in Materials for Electronics." In Materials Horizons: From Nature to Nanomaterials, 1–15. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-2267-3_1.

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Conference papers on the topic "Materiał"

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Allen, Emily A., Lee D. Taylor, and John P. Swensen. "Smart Material Composites for Discrete Stiffness Materials." In ASME 2018 Conference on Smart Materials, Adaptive Structures and Intelligent Systems. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/smasis2018-8203.

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This paper presents an initial step towards a new class of soft robotics materials, where localized, geometric patterning of smart materials can exhibit discrete levels of stiffness through the combinations of smart materials used. This work is inspired by a variety of biological systems where actuation is accomplished by modulating the local stiffness in conjunction with muscle contractions. Whereas most biological systems use hydrostatic mechanisms to achieve stiffness variability, and many robotic systems have mimicked this mechanism, this work aims to use smart materials to achieve this stiffness variability. Here we present the compositing of the low melting point Field’s metal, shape memory alloy Nitinol, and a low melting point thermoplastic Polycaprolactone (PCL), composited in simple beam structure within silicone rubber. The comparison in bending stiffnesses at different temperatures, which reside between the activation temperatures of the composited smart materials demonstrates the ability to achieve discrete levels of stiffnesses within the soft robotic tissue.
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Oates, William, and Robert Sierakowski. "A Unified Material Model for Smart Materials." In 51st AIAA/ASME/ASCE/AHS/ASC Structures, Structural Dynamics, and Materials Conference
18th AIAA/ASME/AHS Adaptive Structures Conference
12th. Reston, Virigina: American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/6.2010-2656.

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Boehme, Bjoern, K. M. B. Jansen, Sven Rzepka, and Klaus-Juergen Wolter. "Comprehensive material characterization of organic packaging materials." In 2009 10th International Conferene on Thermal, Mechanical and Multi-Physics simulation and Experiments in Microelectronics and Microsystems (EuroSimE). IEEE, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/esime.2009.4938431.

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O'Neill, Feidhlim T., John T. Sheridan, and Justin R. Lawrence. "Nonlocal material response of photopolymer holographic materials." In OPTO Ireland, edited by Thomas J. Glynn. SPIE, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.474748.

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Kathuria, Yash P. "Laser material interaction technologies for materials processing." In OPTIKA '98: Fifth Congress on Modern Optics, edited by Gyorgy Akos, Gabor Lupkovics, and Andras Podmaniczky. SPIE, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.320983.

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Simkhovich, Boris, and Guy Bartal. "Material Loss Omits Nonlinearity in Optically Thick Materials." In Frontiers in Optics. Washington, D.C.: OSA, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/fio.2017.ftu4d.2.

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Tappan, Alexander, Gregory Long, Anita Renlund, and Stanley Kravitz. "Microenergetic Materials - Microscale Energetic Material Processing and Testing." In 41st Aerospace Sciences Meeting and Exhibit. Reston, Virigina: American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/6.2003-242.

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Zhou, Songsheng, and Alex Fang. "Modeling Material Removal in Lapping of Brittle Materials." In ASME 2012 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2012-87079.

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Lapping of polycrystalline diamond compact (PDC) is a costly and time-consuming process that demands fundamental studies to improve its efficiency and quality. A series of experiments are conducted in this study to gain insights into the effects of the most influential factors on material removal rate (MRR). The well-known Preston’s equation is found to be insufficient for a satisfactory prediction of MRR associated with PDC lapping, and a new model is developed. The current approach treats MRR as the product of removal intensity and removal density, which are formulated as simple functions of pressure, velocity and grain concentration. The newly derived model is in good accordance with the analyzed experimental results. The decrease in MRR at higher pressure and the connections between applied pressure, grain concentration and MRR can all be well explained by the proposed model.
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Tanaka, Fumiaki, Hiroshi Sato, Naoki Yoshii, and Hidefumi Matsui. "Materials Informatics for Process and Material Co-optimization." In 2018 International Symposium on Semiconductor Manufacturing (ISSM). IEEE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/issm.2018.8651132.

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Ng, Tang-Tat. "Gravitational Effect on Material Response of Granular Materials." In 12th Biennial International Conference on Engineering, Construction, and Operations in Challenging Environments; and Fourth NASA/ARO/ASCE Workshop on Granular Materials in Lunar and Martian Exploration. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/41096(366)12.

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Reports on the topic "Materiał"

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Johra, Hicham. Thermophysical Properties of Building Materials: Lecture Notes. Department of the Built Environment, Aalborg University, December 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.54337/aau320198630.

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The aim of this lecture note is to introduce the motivations for knowing and measuring the thermophysical properties of materials, and especially construction materials. The main material characteristics regarding thermodynamics are detailed together with some of their respective measurement methods and their implications in building physics. Those thermophysical properties of building materials can be measured at the Building Material Characterization Laboratory of Aalborg University - Department of Civil Engineering.
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Gschwander, Stefan, Ana Lazaro, Monica Delgado, Christoph Rathgeber, Michael Brütting, Stephan Höhlein, Melissa Obermeyer, et al. Summary of Work On development and characterization of improved Materials. IEA SHC Task 58, June 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18777/ieashc-task58-2021-0003.

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As the material development is done at different institution the objective of the work was to collect the materials which are under research and development to get an overview on the most relevant properties of these materials and application which are addressed.
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Dahal, Sachindra, and Jeffery Roesler. Passive Sensing of Electromagnetic Signature of Roadway Material for Lateral Positioning of Vehicle. Illinois Center for Transportation, November 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.36501/0197-9191/21-039.

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Autonomous vehicles (AV) and advanced driver-assistance systems (ADAS) offer multiple safety benefits for drivers and road agencies. However, maintaining the lateral position of an AV or a vehicle with ADAS within a lane is a challenge, especially in adverse weather conditions when lane markings are occluded. For significant penetration of AV without compromising safety, vehicle-to-infrastructure sensing capabilities are necessary, especially during severe weather conditions. This research proposes a method to create a continuous electromagnetic (EM) signature on the roadway, using materials compatible with existing paving materials and construction methods. Laboratory testing of the proposed concept was performed on notched concrete-slab specimens and concrete prisms containing EM materials. An induction-based eddy-current sensor and magnetometers were implemented to detect the EM signature. The detected signals were compared to evaluate the effects of sensor height above the concrete surface, type of EM materials, EM-material volume, material shape, and volume of EM concrete prisms. A layer of up to 2 in. (5.1 cm) of water, ice, snow, or sand was placed between the sensor and the concrete slab to represent adverse weather conditions. Results showed that factors such as sensor height, EM-material volume, EM dosage, types of the EM material, and shape of the EM material in the prism were significant attenuators of the EM signal and must be engineered properly. Presence of adverse surface conditions had a negligible effect, as compared to normal conditions, indicating robustness of the presented method. This study proposes a promising method to complement existing sensors’ limitations in AVs and ADAS for effective lane-keeping during normal and adverse weather conditions with the help of vehicle-to-pavement interaction.
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Berkowitz, Jacob F., Christine M. VanZomeren, Jaybus J. Price, and Anthony M. Priestas. Incorporating Color Change Propensity into Dredged Material Management to Increase Beneficial Use Opportunities. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), December 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/39261.

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Dredged materials provide a number of beneficial use opportunities, including beach nourishment, habitat creation and restoration, and other activities. In situ sediment color is important for determining aesthetic and habitat suitability, for beach nourishment, and for other projects. However, dredged materials must meet locally established color compatibility requirements (for example, material cannot be too dark). Often, potential sediment sources are close to meeting specified color thresholds, and previous observations suggest that sediments lighten over time. In response to these observations, this study quantified sediment color change potential in a dredged m aterial management context. Results indicate that dredged material sediment color responded to changes in secondary color components, sediment mixing, and photolytic bleaching improving the sediment color for beneficial use application. Findings allowed for development of a conceptual color change capacity framework and supported development of tools for resource managers to incorporate color change dynamic into planning and operations activities.The following report provides a framework for determining the color change capacity of dredged materials using (1) a comprehensive laboratory approach and (2) a semiquantitative index based on source material and placement location conditions. These tools allow practitioners to incorporate dredged-material color change into resource management decisions, thus increasing beneficial use opportunities.
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Podoprelov, Pavel, Nikolay Knapp, Khomidzhon Muratov, Dmitry Kolmykov, Roman Ledenev, and Pavel Skorodumov. TU-22M SOVIET LONG-RANGE SUPERSONIC MISSILE-BOMBER. Science and Innovation Center Publishing House, April 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.12731/gorbachev.0414.15042021.

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THE ELECTRONIC TEXTBOOK IS INTENDED FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF COMMUNICATIVE COMPETENCE ON THE BASIS OF EDUCATIONAL TEXTS USING AUTHENTIC AUDIO MATERIALS ON THE MILITARY SPECIALTY, IMPROVING THE SKILLS OF CONDUCTING CONVERSATIONS ON PROFESSIONALLY-ORIENTED TOPICS. THE ELECTRONIC TEXTBOOK CONTRIBUTES TO THE REPETITION AND SYSTEMATIZATION OF THE STUDIED LEXICAL AND GRAMMATICAL MATERIAL, THE FORMATION OF CADETS ' BASIC SKILLS OF WORKING WITH TEXTS OF THE MILITARY SPECIALTY, AS WELL AS SPEAKING SKILLS BASED ON THE INTRODUCED LEXICAL MATERIAL.
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Thornell, Travis, Charles Weiss, Sarah Williams, Jennifer Jefcoat, Zackery McClelland, Todd Rushing, and Robert Moser. Magnetorheological composite materials (MRCMs) for instant and adaptable structural control. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), November 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/38721.

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Magnetic responsive materials can be used in a variety of applications. For structural applications, the ability to create tunable moduli from relatively soft materials with applied electromagnetic stimuli can be advantageous for light-weight protection. This study investigated magnetorheological composite materials involving carbonyl iron particles (CIP) embedded into two different systems. The first material system was a model cementitious system of CIP and kaolinite clay dispersed in mineral oil. The magnetorheological behaviors were investigated by using parallel plates with an attached magnetic accessory to evaluate deformations up to 1 T. The yield stress of these slurries was measured by using rotational and oscillatory experiments and was found to be controllable based on CIP loading and magnetic field strength with yield stresses ranging from 10 to 104 Pa. The second material system utilized a polystyrene-butadiene rubber solvent-cast films with CIP embedded. The flexible matrix can stiffen and become rigid when an external field is applied. For CIP loadings of 8% and 17% vol %, the storage modulus response for each loading stiffened by 22% and 74%, respectively.
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Gardea, Andrew D., Ryan Nishimoto, Nancy Y. C. Yang, Alfredo Martin Morales, Scott A. Whalen, Jeffrey M. Chames, and W. Miles Clift. Material compatibility and thermal aging of thermoelectric materials. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), September 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/986608.

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McKinnon, Mark, and Daniel Madryzkowski. Literature Review to Support the Development of a Database of Contemporary Material Properties for Fire Investigation Analysis. UL Firefighter Safety Research Institute, June 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.54206/102376/wmah2173.

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The NIJ Technology Working Group’s Operational Requirements (TWG ORs) for Fire and Arson Investigation have included several scientific research needs that require knowledge of the thermophysical properties of materials that are common in the built environment, and therefore likely to be involved in a fire scene. The specific areas of research include: adequate materials property data inputs for accurate computer models, understanding the effect of materials properties on the development and interpretation of fire patterns, and evaluation of incident heat flux profiles to walls and neighboring items in support of fire model validation. These topics certainly address, in a concise way, many of the gaps that limit the analysis capability of fire investigators and engineers. Each of the three aforementioned research topics rely, in part, on accurate knowledge of the physical conditions of a material prior to the fire, how the material will respond to the exposure of heat, and how it will perform once it has ignited. This general information is required to visually assess a fire scene. The same information is needed by investigators to estimate the evolution and consequences of a fire incident using a computer model. Data sources that are currently most commonly used to determine the required properties and model inputs are outdated and incomplete. This report includes the literature review used to provide a technical approach to developing a materials database for use in fire investigations and computational fire models. A summary of the input from the project technical panel is presented which guided the initial selection of materials to be included in the database as well as the selection of test measurements.
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VENETZ, T. J. PFP material representation in the materials identification and surveillance program. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), March 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/810627.

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Roesler, Jeffery, Sachindra Dahal, Dan Zollinger, and W. Jason Weiss. Summary Findings of Re-engineered Continuously Reinforced Concrete Pavement: Volume 1. Illinois Center for Transportation, May 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.36501/0197-9191/21-011.

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Abstract:
This research project conducted laboratory testing on the design and impact of internal curing on concrete paving mixtures with supplementary cementitious materials and evaluated field test sections for the performance of crack properties and CRCP structure under environmental and FWD loading. Three experimental CRCP sections on Illinois Route 390 near Itasca, IL and two continuously reinforced concrete beams at UIUC ATREL test facilities were constructed and monitored. Erodibility testing was performed on foundation materials to determine the likelihood of certain combinations of materials as suitable base/subbase layers. A new post-tensioning system for CRCP was also evaluated for increased performance and cost-effectiveness. This report volume summarizes the three year research effort evaluating design, material, and construction features that have the potential for reducing the initial cost of CRCP without compromising its long-term performance.
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