Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Materiał'
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Kotyk, Maciej. "Analiza odporności na pękanie materiału warstwowego Al-Ti." Rozprawa doktorska, Uniwersytet Technologiczno-Przyrodniczy w Bydgoszczy, 2018. http://dlibra.utp.edu.pl/Content/1233.
Full textThe reason for the work is determination and analysis of selected mechanical properties of the new layer material AA2519-AA1050-Ti6AI4V and its base materials
Ślusarek, Jan. "Model twardnienia tworzyw cementowych." Praca habilitacyjna, Wydawnictwo Politechniki Śląskiej, 2001. https://delibra.bg.polsl.pl/dlibra/docmetadata?showContent=true&id=8550.
Full textAndrzejewska, Jadwiga (rolnictwo). "Agrotechniczne uwarunkowania plonowania i brodawkowania zróżnicowanych odmian grochu siewnego (Pisum sativum L.)." Rozprawa habilitacyjna, Wydaw. Uczelniane Akademii Techniczno-Rolniczej, 2002. http://dlibra.utp.edu.pl/Content/189.
Full textDomoradzki, Marek. "Doskonalenie technologii pozbiorowej obróbki nasion ekologicznych na przykładzie roślin baldaszkowatych." Rozprawa habilitacyjna, Wydaw. Uczelniane Uniwersytetu Technologiczno-Przyrodniczego, 2011. http://dlibra.utp.edu.pl/Content/252.
Full textJaskulski, Dariusz. "Badania nad siewem pszenżyta jarego." Rozprawa habilitacyjna, Wydaw. Uczelniane Akademii Techniczno-Rolniczej, 2003. http://dlibra.utp.edu.pl/Content/191.
Full textSobrosa, Fabiano Zanini. "Desenvolvimento de materiais cerâmicos refratários com adição da sílica residual proveniente da queima da casca de arroz." Universidade Federal do Pampa, 2014. http://dspace.unipampa.edu.br:8080/xmlui/handle/riu/767.
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Com a intenção de agregar valor à cinza da casca de arroz, subproduto da indústria orizícola, e colaborar para um desenvolvimento sustentável do país, esta pesquisa buscou desenvolver materiais cerâmicos refratários com a substituição parcial da argila pela sílica de casca de arroz (SCA) produzida a partir da geração de energia elétrica. Atualmente, na região da fronteira oeste do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul, existem várias usinas termoelétricas de biomassa para geração de energia elétrica através da queima da casca de arroz. Essa tecnologia vem ao encontro da necessidade de diversificação da matriz energética no país. A indústria orizícola produz no Brasil aproximadamente 12 milhões de toneladas por ano de arroz, e aproximadamente 2,5 milhões de toneladas por ano são convertidos em casca. Caso toda esta casca fosse queimada, gerar-se-iam aproximadamente 500 mil toneladas de cinza, a qual é rica em sílica. Portanto, viabilizar seu aproveitamento tende a reduzir o passivo ambiental, além dos benefícios econômicos. No presente trabalho foi analisado o efeito da substituição parcial da argila refratária por sílica da casca de arroz (SCA) nas propriedades mecânicas e termomecânicas dos materiais cerâmicos refratários produzidos, em percentuais de 5, 10 e 20%. Foram analisadas as propriedades mecânicas desses materiais através de ensaios de resistência à compressão, tração direta, flexão em três pontos e dureza superficial Vickers. Analisaram-se também a retração linear, absorção de água, porosidade aparente e resistência ao choque térmico. Conforme se aumentou a substituição parcial de argila refratária por SCA, foi obtido um melhor empacotamento da mistura granular e, consequentemente, ocorreu uma melhora nas propriedades mecânicas das amostras. Por outro lado, o material apresentou-se mais frágil, com menor resistência ao choque térmico. Não foi encontrada variação na retração linear após a queima, já a absorção de água e porosidade aparente diminuíram conforme se aumentou a substituição da argila pela SCA. A microestrutura do material foi analisada através de análise por microscopia eletrônica de varredura (MEV) e difração de raios-x, onde se identificaram as fases cristalinas na mineralogia do material resultante. Na análise da mineralogia do material observou-se um aumento de pico de cristobalita conforme se aumentou o teor de SCA na mistura, em função da cristalização da sílica livre. Um menor volume de porosidade foi encontrado conforme se aumentou o teor de substituição de argila pela SCA.
With the intention of adding value to rice husk ash, a byproduct of paddy industry, and contribute to sustainable development of the country, this research sought to develop refractory ceramic materials with refractory partial replacement of clay by silica from rice husk (SCA) produced from electricity generation. Currently on the western border of the State of Rio Grande do Sul, there are several biomass power plants for generating electricity by burning rice husk. This technology comes against the need for diversification of energy sources in the country. The paddy industry in Brazil produces approximately 12 million tons of rice per year, of which approximately 2.5 million tons per year are converted into shell. If all this bark was burned, it would generate approximately 500 tons of ash, which is rich in silica. Thus enabling its use tends to reduce the environmental liability beyond economic benefits. In the present work, the effect of partial replacement of silica refractory clay for rice husk (SCA) on the mechanical and thermomechanical properties of refractory ceramic materials was analyzed for percentages of 5, 10 and 20%. The mechanical properties of these materials were analyzed by testing compressive strength, direct-drive, three point bending and superficial hardness. We also analyzed the linear shrinkage, water absorption, apparent porosity and resistance to thermal shock. As increased the partial replacement of refractory clay for SCA in the mixture was obtained a better packing of the granular mixture and, consequently, better results in mechanical properties were found. On the other hand, the material appeared more brittle, with a lower thermal shock resistance. Was not found in the linear shrinkage after firing, the water absorption and apparent porosity decreased as the clay was increased by replacement SCA. The microstructure of the material was analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (MEV) and x-ray diffraction where the crystalline phases identified in the mineralogy of the resulting material. The analysis of the mineralogy of the material was observed an increase of cristobalite peak was increased as the content of SCA, depending on the crystallization of the free silica. A smaller volume of porosity is found according to the increased content of clay replacement SCA.
Correia, Sivaldo Leite. "Efeito de materias-primas nas propriedades tecnologicas de massas ceramicas para pavimento gres." reponame:Repositório Institucional da UFSC, 1996. https://repositorio.ufsc.br/xmlui/handle/123456789/158084.
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Estudo de propriedades físico-químicas e tecnológicas de matérias-primas e massas cerâmicas para pavimento grês. Foram efetuadas análises químicas e mineralógicas em argilas, caulim, arenito, filito, fonolito e talco. O processamento foi feito a partir do pó. Visando dar uma aplicação para as matérias-primas, foi determinado o diagramas de gresificação, a densidade aparente a seco e no sinterizado, o coeficiente de dilatação térmica linear e a resistência mecânica por compressão diametral.
Stochero, Naiane Paiva. "Desenvolvimento de cerâmica refratária com fibra de aço e sílica residual proveniente da queima da casca de arroz." Universidade Federal do Pampa, 2015. http://dspace.unipampa.edu.br:8080/xmlui/handle/riu/782.
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O Estado do Rio Grande do Sul apresenta um dos maiores índices de produção de arroz do país, e Alegrete é um dos municípios que lidera esta estatística. A casca de arroz é um dos subprodutos originados do beneficiamento do arroz, e é muito utilizada como fonte de energia térmica para a geração de energia elétrica. Após a queima é gerada a cinza da casca do arroz, rica em sílica. Sendo assim, o objetivo deste trabalho é diversificar o aproveitamento deste resíduo como matéria-prima alternativa para materiais cerâmicos refratários e agregar valor a este subproduto. Outro objetivo é aumentar as propriedades mecânicas de matrizes frágeis, que possuem uma tendência a falhar por fadiga e choque térmico, limitando a sua aplicabilidade. Foram fabricados materiais cerâmicos refratários com 80% de argila caulim, 20% de sílica da casca de arroz e fibras de aço em teores volumétricos de 3%, 6% e 9%. Realizaram-se ensaios de absorção de água, densidade aparente, porosidade aparente, resistência à compressão, tração direta, flexão em três pontos, ensaio de choque térmico e análise de microestrutura do material. Com a substituição de argila pela sílica, foram obtidas maior resistência mecânica, e maior tenacidade, possivelmente devido à diminuição da porosidade e pelo aumento do nível de vitrificação. A cerâmica com 9% de fibra obteve o melhor desempenho em relação à ductilidade, em razão do maior grau de deformação do material até o momento de ruptura. As cerâmicas com 3% de fibra e 6% de fibra apresentaram os melhores desempenhos frente ao choque térmico. Na análise da mineralogia do material após a sinterização, observou-se a formação de picos de mulita. Com a substituição da argila pela sílica foram identificados picos de cristobalita.
The State of Rio Grande do Sul presents one of the highest indices of rice production in the Country, and Alegrete is one of the towns that leads this statistics. Rice husk, is one of the byproducts originated from processing of rice, and is very used as thermal energy source to generate electricity. After firing generated rice husk ash, rich in silica. Thus, the aim of this work is to diversify the use of this waste as an alternative raw material for refractory ceramic materials and add value to this byproduct. Another objectiveis to increase the mechanical properties of brittle matrices that have tendency to fail by fatigue and thermal shock, limiting its applicability. Were manufactured refractory ceramic materials with 80% of kaolin clay, 20% rice husk silica, and steel fibers in volumetric concentrations of 3%, 6% and 9%. Tests about water absorption were done, apparent density, apparent porosity, compressive strength, direct traction, three points flexion, thermal shock test and analysis of the microstructure of the material. Replacing the clay by silica, was obtained greater strength, and greater toughness, possibly due to the decrease of the porosity and increasing the level of vitrifying. The ceramic with 9% fiber obtained the better performance relative for ductility, due to the higher degree of deformation of the material until the moment of rupture. The ceramic with 3% fiber and 6% fiber showed better performance front thermal shock. In mineralogical analysis of the material showed the formation of mullite peaks. With substituting the clay by silica cristobalite peak was identified.
Gil, Stanisław. "Kinetyka tworzenia się tlenków azotu podczas ciśnieniowego spalania węgla." Praca habilitacyjna, Wydawnictwo Politechniki Śląskiej, 2012. https://delibra.bg.polsl.pl/dlibra/docmetadata?showContent=true&id=20158.
Full textFreitas, Ricardo Luiz Barros de [UNESP]. "Fabricação, caracterização e aplicações do compósito PZT/PVDF." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/100281.
Full textConselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)
Um material compósito é constituído pela combinação de dois ou mais materiais, onde se procura sintetizar um novo material multifásico, e que abrigue as melhores características individuais de cada um de seus constituintes. Compósitos de polímeros (matriz) e ferroelétricos (inclusões) podem manifestar piezoeletricidade, ou seja, a produção de uma resposta elétrica devido a uma excitação mecânica, e vice-versa. Nesta tese o material polimérico usado para preparar os filmes ou lâminas de nanocompósitos é o PVDF, e, o material cerâmico é formado por nanopartículas de PZT. Ambos os materiais são dielétricos, porém, com características muito distintas (por exemplo, o PVDF tem aproximadamente 1/4 da densidade e 1/250 da constante dielétrica do PZT). O PZT é muito utilizado em transdutores, principalmente devido aos seus elevados coeficientes piezoelétricos, contudo, é quebradiço e sofre desgaste quando empregado na forma de filmes ou lâminas. Por outro lado, o PVDF é um polímero piezoelétrico que apresenta grande flexibilidade e excelentes resistências mecânica e química, porém, seus coeficientes piezoelétricos são apenas moderados. A fim de se aumentar a flexibilidade do PZT, mistura-se o pó cerâmico, na forma de nanopartículas, com o PVDF, também pulverizado. Na tese, evidencia-se que o compósito constituído por esta combinação cerâmica-polímero proporciona uma nova classe de materiais funcionais com grande potencial de aplicação, por terem combinadas a resistência e rigidez das cerâmicas, e, a elasticidade, flexibilidade, baixa densidade e elevada resistência a ruptura mecânica dos polímeros. O novo material tem grande resistência a choques mecânicos, flexibilidade, maleabilidade, e, principalmente, coeficientes piezoelétricos relativamente elevados. Amostras do compósito...
A composite material is constituted by the combination of two or more materials, which synthesizes a new multiphase material, and has the best individual characteristics of each of its constituents. Polymer composites (matrix) and ferroelectric (inclusions) can express piezoelectricity, i.e. the production of an electrical response due to a mechanical excitation, and vice versa. In this thesis the polymeric material used to prepare the films or slides of nanocomposites is the PVDF, and, ceramic material is formed by PZT nanoparticles. Both materials are dielectrics, however, with very different characteristics (for example, the PVDF is approximately 1/4 density and 1/250 relative permittivity from PZT). The PZT is widely used in transducers, mainly due to their high piezoelectric coefficients, however, is brittle and suffers wear and tear when employed in the form of films or slides. On the other hand, the PVDF is a piezoelectric polymer that offers great flexibility and excellent mechanical and chemical resistances, however, its piezoelectric coefficients are only moderate. In order to increase the flexibility of PZT, ceramic powder is mix, in the form of nanoparticles, with PVDF, also sprayed. In theory, it becomes evident that composite consisting of this ceramic- polymer combination delivers a new class of functional materials with great potential for application, because they combine the strength and rigidity of ceramics, and elasticity, flexibility, low density and high resistance to mechanical disruption of polymers. The new material has great resistance to mechanical shock, flexibility, suppleness, and, primarily, relatively high piezoelectric coefficients. PZT/PVDF composite samples were fabricated and characterized aiming to applications such as: piezoelectric actuators, acoustic emission detectors, and energy... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Freitas, Ricardo Luiz Barros de. "Fabricação, caracterização e aplicações do compósito PZT/PVDF /." Ilha Solteira, [s.n.], 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/100281.
Full textCoorientador: Antônio de Pádua Lima Filho
Banca: Cláudio Kitano
Banca: João Antonio Pereira
Banca: Adriano Rogério Bruno Tech
Resumo: Um material compósito é constituído pela combinação de dois ou mais materiais, onde se procura sintetizar um novo material multifásico, e que abrigue as melhores características individuais de cada um de seus constituintes. Compósitos de polímeros (matriz) e ferroelétricos (inclusões) podem manifestar piezoeletricidade, ou seja, a produção de uma resposta elétrica devido a uma excitação mecânica, e vice-versa. Nesta tese o material polimérico usado para preparar os filmes ou lâminas de nanocompósitos é o PVDF, e, o material cerâmico é formado por nanopartículas de PZT. Ambos os materiais são dielétricos, porém, com características muito distintas (por exemplo, o PVDF tem aproximadamente 1/4 da densidade e 1/250 da constante dielétrica do PZT). O PZT é muito utilizado em transdutores, principalmente devido aos seus elevados coeficientes piezoelétricos, contudo, é quebradiço e sofre desgaste quando empregado na forma de filmes ou lâminas. Por outro lado, o PVDF é um polímero piezoelétrico que apresenta grande flexibilidade e excelentes resistências mecânica e química, porém, seus coeficientes piezoelétricos são apenas moderados. A fim de se aumentar a flexibilidade do PZT, mistura-se o pó cerâmico, na forma de nanopartículas, com o PVDF, também pulverizado. Na tese, evidencia-se que o compósito constituído por esta combinação cerâmica-polímero proporciona uma nova classe de materiais funcionais com grande potencial de aplicação, por terem combinadas a resistência e rigidez das cerâmicas, e, a elasticidade, flexibilidade, baixa densidade e elevada resistência a ruptura mecânica dos polímeros. O novo material tem grande resistência a choques mecânicos, flexibilidade, maleabilidade, e, principalmente, coeficientes piezoelétricos relativamente elevados. Amostras do compósito... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Abstract: A composite material is constituted by the combination of two or more materials, which synthesizes a new multiphase material, and has the best individual characteristics of each of its constituents. Polymer composites (matrix) and ferroelectric (inclusions) can express piezoelectricity, i.e. the production of an electrical response due to a mechanical excitation, and vice versa. In this thesis the polymeric material used to prepare the films or slides of nanocomposites is the PVDF, and, ceramic material is formed by PZT nanoparticles. Both materials are dielectrics, however, with very different characteristics (for example, the PVDF is approximately 1/4 density and 1/250 relative permittivity from PZT). The PZT is widely used in transducers, mainly due to their high piezoelectric coefficients, however, is brittle and suffers wear and tear when employed in the form of films or slides. On the other hand, the PVDF is a piezoelectric polymer that offers great flexibility and excellent mechanical and chemical resistances, however, its piezoelectric coefficients are only moderate. In order to increase the flexibility of PZT, ceramic powder is mix, in the form of nanoparticles, with PVDF, also sprayed. In theory, it becomes evident that composite consisting of this ceramic- polymer combination delivers a new class of functional materials with great potential for application, because they combine the strength and rigidity of ceramics, and elasticity, flexibility, low density and high resistance to mechanical disruption of polymers. The new material has great resistance to mechanical shock, flexibility, suppleness, and, primarily, relatively high piezoelectric coefficients. PZT/PVDF composite samples were fabricated and characterized aiming to applications such as: piezoelectric actuators, acoustic emission detectors, and energy... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Doutor
Braconnier, Daniel J. "Materials Informatics Approach to Material Extrusion Additive Manufacturing." Digital WPI, 2018. https://digitalcommons.wpi.edu/etd-theses/204.
Full textSkerry, Nathaniel S. (Nathaniel Standish) 1971. "Transformed materials : a material research center in Milan, Italy." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/70358.
Full textIncludes bibliographical references (p. 74-75).
[Transformed Materials] is an exploration into today's design methodologies of architecture production. The emergence of architectural form is questioned in relation to the temporal state of design intent and the physical material construct. At a time when there is an increased awareness of the current state of technology, material innovation and methods of fabrication, there are new speculations of what materiality is and can be. This thesis will propose an architecture that emerges through an exploration of the material concept that directly informs and expresses the fundamental ideas of the project. Building methods have changed widely over time, and are co-responsible for creating a dialog between functional requirements, technological invention, and material implication that reflects the current cultural state. Today's architectural products have in a sense reverted back to thin surfaces. Current cultural issues such as socioeconomic, environmental impact, transportability, efficiency, lightness, storability, technology, and mass production, have over time created a state of "thinness ". This project tries to offset the current trend of building by accepting the norms of architectural products, and reinventing their role within a contemporary language that explores more deeply the material qualities and properties associates with it. This thesis will use steel as the primary building material. Steel is a material that has become standardized in how it is shaped and formed, thus its ability to produce an architecture has been reduced purely to a dogmatiC approach of engineered solutions or preconceived results. Steel, is artificial by nature; if we suspend our preconceptions of steel, could the material be designed such that its role is critical in defining space, structure and program in a tectonic system? The area of research and examination will be focused on the design of a Material Research Center (mRC). located in Milan, Italy.
by Nathaniel S. Skerry.
M.Arch.
Martin, Luke Andrew. "A Novel Material Modulus Function for Modeling Viscoelastic Materials." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/26891.
Full textPh. D.
Samsonow, Emily L. "Material Celebration: Exploring the Architectural Potential of Waste Materials." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2011. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1306501078.
Full textCatramby, Marcela Ferraz. "Avaliação do comportamento mecânico e da microestrutura de duas marcas comerciais de zircônia monolítica 3Y-TZP sob influência de diferentes parâmetros de sinterização." Universidade de São Paulo, 2014. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/25/25146/tde-16072014-095626/.
Full textMonolithic zirconia ceramics for crown and bridge applications were designed to eliminate chipping trends of bilayered restorations, providing both aesthetic and mechanical strength. Nonetheless, it has been suggested that improvements in optical properties may affect the mechanical strength of these materials. The present study aimed to compare, based on a microstructural analysis, the mechanical behavior of two commercial monolithic zirconia ceramics with a conventional core zirconia material, as well as to verify sintering parameters modifications. Two monolithic zirconia ceramics (Ceramill Zolid and Prettau) and a conventional core zirconia material (IPS e.max ZirCAD) were sintered according to manufacturer´s recommendations, forming groups Z1450, P1600 and I1530. Extra groups, Z1530 and Z1600, were originated from ceramill Zolid zirconia specimens subjected to modified sintering cycles. The thirteen specimens that were manufactured for each group were submitted to x-ray diffraction analysis, density, average grain size determination and 4-point-bending tests. X-ray diffraction analysis revealed the presence of tetragonal metastable phase in all groups before and after sintering. Relative density found for Prettau and IPS e.max ZirCAD were greater than 99%. The average grain size remained below 1m for all groups. P1600 showed the largest grain sizes (0,814m) while Z1450 (0,463m) demonstrated the smallest ones. Groups originated from ceramill Zolid also presented the lowest Weibull modulus (m=4,58 for Z1530) and flexural strength results (621,01±138,08MPa for Z1450), regardless of non significant improvements that were achieved when using a low heating rate protocol. Prettau zirconia showed better mechanical behaviour and a more homogeneous distribution of results (864,18±118,21MPa), although lower than those of IPS e.max ZirCAD zirconia (1057,41±150,54MPa). Findings from this study show that the two commercial monolithic zirconia under analysis developed distinct mechanical properties and microstructural features from data established for conventional zirconia.
Costa, Mariana Machado Teixeira de Moraes [UNESP]. "Avaliação da reação tecidual frente aos cimentos MTA Ângelus® cinza e um MTA fotopolimerizável experimental: análise microscópica em alvéolos dentários de ratos." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/104239.
Full textCoordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
Para contornar algumas dificuldades de manipulação do agregado de trióxido mineral (MTA) convencional, um MTA fotopolimerizável vem sendo desenvolvido. Desta forma, o objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar a resposta tecidual frente ao uso deste material. Para isso, 57 tubos de polietileno preenchidos com o MTA experimental e o MTA cinza foram implantados em alvéolos de ratos. Como grupo controle, foram implantados tubos vazios. Os animais foram sacrificados após 30, 60 e 90 dias, sendo realizada a análise microscópica dos cortes obtidos e corados com Hematoxilina e Eosina. Foi possível concluir que o MTA fotopolimerizável apresentou uma resposta semelhante ao MTA cinza, caracterizada pela ausência de uma inflamação severa e pela deposição de tecido mineralizado em contato com o material.
The aim of this study was to evaluate the tissue reaction to a Light Cured MTA or MTA Ângelus® gray. It was used 57 animals, which were divided in three groups. In the Control Group, empty tubes were inserted into the rat’s sockets immediately after extraction. In the other groups, the tubes were filled with Light Cured MTA or MTA Ângelus®. After 30, 60 and 90 days after the implantation, the animals were sacrificed and the right hemi-maxilas were removed and processed in laboratory to analyses on light microscopy, with embedding in paraffin, cut with 6μm thickness and stained with HE. It was possible to conclude that Light Cured MTA presented a similar response when compared to MTA Ângelus®, being characterized by a mild inflammatory response and dystrophic calcifications areas. Despite of a favorable healing process obtained with this new experimental MTA, further studies should be conducted to elucidate these material properties and confirm the present results.
Karlsson, Johan. "Composite material in car hood : Investigation of possible sandwich materials." Thesis, Karlstads universitet, Fakulteten för hälsa, natur- och teknikvetenskap (from 2013), 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-45633.
Full textWretborn, Joel. "Modelling cracks in solid materials using the Material Point Method." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Institutionen för fysik, kemi och biologi, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-136797.
Full textMohid, Maktuba. "Evolution-in-materio : solving computational problems using materials." Thesis, University of York, 2015. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/10468/.
Full textGokay, Kemal. "Contact Mechanics Of Graded Materials With Two Dimensional Material Property Variations." Master's thesis, METU, 2005. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12606527/index.pdf.
Full textkay, Kemal M.S., Department of Mechanical Engineering Supervisor: Asst. Prof. Dr. Serkan Dag September 2005, 62 pages Ceramic layers used as protective coatings in tribological applications are known to be prone to cracking and debonding due to their brittle nature. Recent experiments with functionally graded ceramics however show that these material systems are particularly useful in enhancing the resistance of a surface to tribological damage. This improved behavior is attributed to the influence of the material property gradation on the stress distribution that develops at the contacting surfaces. The main interest in the present study is in the contact mechanics of a functionally graded surface with a two &ndash
dimensional spatial variation in the modulus of elasticity. Poisson&rsquo
s ratio is assumed to be constant due to its insignificant effect on the contact stress distribution [30]. In the formulation of the problem it is assumed that the functionally graded surface is in frictional sliding contact with a rigid flat stamp. Using elasticity theory and semi-infinite plane approximation for the graded medium, the problem is reduced to a singular integral equation of the second kind. Integral equation is solved numerically by expanding the unknown contact stress distribution into a series of Jacobi polynomials and using suitable collocation points. The developed method is validated by providing comparisons to a closed form solution derived for homogeneous materials. Main numerical results consist of the effects of the material nonhomogeneity parameters, coefficient of friction and stamp size and location on the contact stress distribution.
Magnusson, Simon. "Environmental Perspectives on Urban Material Stocks used in Construction : Granular Materials." Licentiate thesis, Luleå tekniska universitet, Geoteknologi, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:ltu:diva-60305.
Full textWinstanley, Julie Anne. "A material-discursive-intrapsychic (MDI) approach to understanding women's maternal experiences." Thesis, University of Huddersfield, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.430295.
Full textBruno, Vera Regina Machado 1949. "Adsorção de cobre e chumbo em material particulado : efeito da materia organica dissolvida." [s.n.], 2000. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/249635.
Full textTese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Quimica
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Doutorado
Gomes, Natassia de Melo Gomes. "Consumo e maternidade: um estudo sobre o consumo simb?lico como meio de constru??o da identidade materna." Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, 2015. https://tede.ufrrj.br/jspui/handle/jspui/2051.
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Consumption plays an important role in the construction of identities and one of the main ways to express and define the members of a group is through the shared consumption symbols. The dress can be understood as a reflection of the identity of the individual to reflect rules and roles that peopleplay in the dynamics of social life. Thus, the consumption of products and services related to clothing in this work is presented in its role to build personal and collective meanings, establish and highlight cultural categories, being the focus of this study, maternal identity. Motherhood, rather than a biological event, is a social phenomenon that carries cultural and ideological pictures, the maternal identity constructed from the time when the woman is seen inserted in the new maternity context that may occur through experiences consumption. During pregnancy, the dress mode is naturally modified by new modifications of the body, making it necessary choices for new clothes. The symbolic consumption and consequently the meanings culturally constituted and assigned to goods has as intrinsic characteristic concern insertion in social groups. In addition, there is also a concern to keep and represent their images and identities to consume products that are consistent with their respective personalities and that could best represent them. In this way, the aim of this study was to analyze how the meanings attributed to clothing assist women in the construction of maternal identity. To achieve this purpose were carried 10 in-depth interviews with women who had become mothers in the last 24 months. The main results showed that the clothes are transmitters of communication and definition of this new identity to the woman, still occurring in the liminal period or just after birth. The choice of clothing in the post-liminal period is ruled on several matters, the most recurrent being the issue of social norms imposed on what is considered an ideal mother and what she should dress. Beyond this social issue, the changes in the body and the body perception of women are seen as an influencer for change of clothes in the post-liminal period. The stripping ritual, which takes place at this stage of the rite of passage, is closely linked to the issue of the body as it characterizes the need that women see in clear meanings attributed to an outfit that used during pregnancy.It can be seen that despite the construction of maternal identity be demarcated at different times as the discovery of pregnancy, purchasing products, the changes of the body or through the birth, it is important to emphasize that only through the daily ritual activities that symbolic changes are reinforced
O consumo desempenha um papel importante na constru??o das identidades e uma das principais formas de se expressar e definir os membros de um grupo ? atrav?s dos s?mbolos de consumo partilhados. O vestu?rio pode ser entendido como um reflexo da identidade do indiv?duo ao refletir regras e pap?is que os indiv?duos desempenham na din?mica da vida social. Assim, o consumo dos produtos e servi?os relacionados ao vestu?rio, neste trabalho, se apresenta em seu papel de construir significados pessoais e coletivos, estabelecer e evidenciar categorias culturais, sendo foco da presente pesquisa, a identidade materna. A maternidade, mais do que um evento biol?gico, constitui um fen?meno social, que carrega imagens culturais e ideol?gicas, sendo a identidade materna constru?da a partir do momento em que a mulher se v? inserida no novo contexto da maternidade, que pode ocorrer atrav?s das experi?ncias de consumo. Durante a gesta??o e ap?s o nascimento do beb?, o modo de se vestir ? naturalmente modificado devido ?s transforma??es do corpo, tornando-se necess?rio as escolhas por novas roupas. O consumo simb?lico das roupas e consequentemente os significados culturalmente constitu?dos e atribu?dos aos bens t?m como caracter?stica intr?nseca a preocupa??o de inser??o em grupos sociais. Al?m disso, existe tamb?m uma preocupa??o em manter e representar as suas imagens ou identidades ao consumir produtos que condizem com as suas respectivas personalidades e que possam melhor represent?-los. Desta forma, o objetivo deste trabalho foi analisar como os significados atribu?dos ao vestu?rio auxiliam as mulheres na constru??o da identidade materna. Para atingir o objetivo proposto, foram realizadas 10 entrevistas em profundidade com mulheres que se tornaram m?es nos ?ltimos 24 meses. Os principais resultados mostraram que as roupas s?o transmissoras de comunica??o e defini??o desta nova identidade ? mulher, ocorrendo ainda no per?odo liminar ou somente ap?s o nascimento do beb?. A escolha do vestu?rio, no per?odo p?s-liminar, ? pautada em diversas quest?es, sendo a mais recidivante a quest?o da normatiza??o social impostas ao que se considera uma m?e ideal e ao que ela deve vestir. Al?m desta quest?o social, as modifica??es no corpo e a percep??o corporal das mulheres s?o vistas como um influenciador para a mudan?a das roupas no per?odo p?s-liminar. O ritual de despojamento, que ocorre nesta fase do rito de passagem, est? intimamente ligado ? quest?o do corpo, pois caracteriza a necessidade que as mulheres veem em apagar significados atribu?dos a uma roupa que usou durante a gesta??o. Percebeu-se assim que apesar da constru??o da identidade materna ser demarcada em diferentes momentos como o da descoberta da gravidez, da aquisi??o de produtos, das mudan?as do corpo ou atrav?s do parto, ? importante ressaltar que somente atrav?s das atividades rituais di?rias que as mudan?as simb?licas s?o refor?adas
Hnid, Mohammed. "Etude de transmission a travers des couches minces faiblement conductrices : homogeneisation et optimisation des structures." Perpignan, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988PERP0049.
Full textPadovani, Flavia Helena Pereira. "Indicadores emocionais de ansiedade, disforia e depressão e verbalizações maternas acerca do bebê, da amamentação e da maternidade em mães de bebês nascidos pré-termo de muito baixo peso, durante a hospitalização do bebê e após a alta, compraradas a mães de bebês nascimentos a termo." Universidade de São Paulo, 2005. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/59/59137/tde-29012007-170107/.
Full textThe aim of the present study was: a) to assess the indicators of anxiety, dysphoria and depression in a group of mothers of very low birthweight preterm neonates (GPT) and to compare these indicators with the ones of one group of mothers of fullterm neonates (GFT); b) to compare indicators of anxiety, dysphoria and depression of mothers of very low birthweight preterm neoantes that were assessed in two distinct moments, during the period of hospitalization and after their hospital discharge; c) to compare the verbal contents about the baby, the breastfeeding and the maternity that were expressed by the group of mothers of very low birthweight preterm neoantes and by the group of mothers of fullterm ones. The GPT was constituted by 50 mothers of neoantes that were born preterm and with very low birthweight (?1,500 grams), while the GFT was constituted by 25 mothers of neoantes that were born fullterm with birthweight equal or more than 2,500 grams. It was used the following instruments and materials: Structured Clinical Interview for DSM III-R Non-Patient (SCID/NP), State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (IDATE), Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), Interview Profile, Vital Events Scale and medical chart. First, it was administrated the SCID/NP to identify the mothers with psychiatric background, which were excluded from the final sample. After this, for the GPT, it was realized two sessions, during the hospitalization period of the baby (1st assessment): in the first one, it was administrated the Interview Profile and the Vital Events Scale, and in the second one, it was administrated the instruments IDATE and BDI. After the hospital discharge of the baby, it was realized one more session with the GPT for the re-administration of IDATE and of BDI (2nd assessment). For the GFT, the assessment instruments were administrated in only one session, in the first days of the baby?s life. In relation to the data analyses, the assessment instruments of anxiety, dysphoria/depression were corrected according to the tests? norms and it was realized the comparative analyses between groups (GFT X GPT) and within groups (GPT ? 1st assessment X GPT ? 2nd assessment). The maternal answers to the Profile Interview were submitted to the thematic content analyses and were quantified in terms of frequency and percentage. The results indicated incidence of 32% of the mothers of the GPT and 4% of the mothers of the GFT with scores that indicate clinical symptoms of anxiety-state type. The comparative analyses between groups showed statistically significant differences between these incidences; in the GPT there were significantly more mothers with clinical symptoms of anxiety-state than in the GFT (p=0,006). After the babies? hospital discharge, there was a statistically significant reduction in the number of mothers of the GPT with clinical symptoms of anxiety-state (1st assessment = 35%; 2nd assessment = 12%; p = 0,006). In relation to the maternal verbal contents that were expressed by GPT and GFT, it was verified that, in the topic about questions that are related to the baby, 12% of the mothers of the GPT verbalized about maternal feelings and reactions, focused, predominantly on negative emotions, while just 1% of the GFT presented this kind of verbalization. In the topic about breastfeeding, the GPT expressed more preoccupation and doubts related to breastfeeding (46%) than the mothers of the GFT (4%), these related principally to the fact of drying the maternal milk, finishing the milk or not being enough to satisfy the baby. In the topic about maternity, though, both groups presented similar verbal contents, predominating the identification of several factors that have influence in maternity (GPT = 41%; GFT = 47%). The findings suggest the necessity of assessing indicators of anxiety and dysphoria/depression in mothers of preterm and very low birthweight infants, that are admitted in the ICU, with the objective of subsiding decisions about the psychological support that is offered to the mothers to the emotional regulation, during the period of baby?s hospital admission.
Vantomme, Pascal. "Contribution a l'etude des outillages et de leur lubrification dans le formage du verre creux : evolution vers une lubrification integree." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988STR13112.
Full textCounts, William Arthur. "Mechanical behavior of bolted composite joints at elevated temperature." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/17315.
Full textWiedenman, Nathan Scott. "Towards programmable materials : tunable material properties through feedback control of conducting polymers." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/45889.
Full textIncludes bibliographical references (p. 159-168).
Mammalian skeletal muscle is an amazing actuation technology that can controllably modify its force and position outputs as well as its material properties such as stiffness. Unlike muscle, current engineering materials are limited by their intrinsic properties, dictated at the molecular level.This work is focused on developing an integrated device, called a programmable material, which mirrors the capabilities of natural co-fabricated controlled actuation systems such as muscle. While such a device may have the external appearance of a homogeneous material, it can possess unique properties not existing in any currently manufactured material. When actuation, sensing, and control capabilities are integrated within a closed-loop system, the mechanical properties of the system such as stiffness, viscosity, and inertia will arise from the dynamics of the feedback loop rather than from any inherent mechanical properties of the materials from which the device was fabricated. Moreover, these properties may be 'tuned' by altering the feedback parameters embedded in the material system. With this approach properties such as negative stiffness may be generated which do not exist in bulk materials.The most promising of the existing artificial muscle technologies is actuation with conducting polymer. Additionally, conducting polymer has been used to fabricate the position sensor and control electronics. Creating these components from a single type of material has made it possible to co-fabricate the system into an integrated device. This is the first research to attempt to create a co-fabricated, fully integrated conducting polymer feedback device. This work establishes the feasibility of building the device and answers many of the questions of fabrication and design.
by Nathan Scott Wiedenman.
Ph.D.
Andrade, Sabina da Memoria Cardoso de 1955. "Desenvolvimento de bionanocompósitos Poli(álcool vinílico)-Poliuretano/Hidroxiapatita para enxerto maxilo facial." [s.n.], 2012. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/263514.
Full textTese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Mecânica
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Resumo: A coesão de um grupo de profissionais de diversas áreas onde haverá troca de informações para a concretização de um biomaterial é fator decisivo para reunir todos os requisitos necessários de caracterizações físicas, químicas e biológicas e assim garantir biocompatibilidade e biofuncionalidade, associadas à interação entre o tecido vivo e o biomaterial. Scaffold biodegradável que combina a bioatividade de hidroxiapatita (HA) e a degradabilidade ajustável de matriz de poliuretano (PU) obtido a partir do PVAl foi desenvolvido nesta pesquisa e submetido à caracterizações morfológicas, mecânicas e biológicas. Este novo tipo de scaffold não é tóxico, apresenta interconexão de poros e microporos nas paredes dos poros, boa resistência mecânica e boa ativação de crescimento celular, propriedades que satisfazem as exigências do uso clínico. As análises através de microscopia eletrônica de varredura mostram além da conexão de poros as nanopartículas de hidroxiapatita distribuídas de maneira uniforme na matriz do bionanocompósito. Os valores médios de resistêcia à compressão da matriz e do bionanocompósito foram próximos de 60 MPa tanto para PVAl-PU como para PVAl-PU/HA com 25% de HA, e 105 MPa PVAl-PU/HA com 33% de HA. Após 24 horas de implante o biomaterial PVAl-PU/HA já apresentou em observação por MEV, detalhe de células aderidas, sugestivas provavelmente de células de fibroblasto, espraiamento com formação de uma camada celular compacta e homogênea e após 14 dias do implante foi observada a interação do biomaterial com as camadas do tecido subcutâneo e a invasão do crescimento celular pelos poros interconectados do scaffold. Portanto o scaffold desenvolvido neste trabalho é indicado com expectativas promissoras para implantes ósseos
Abstract: The cohesion of a group of professionals from many areas, exchanging information to concretize a bio material, is a crucial factor to gather all of the requirements of physical, chemical, and biological characterization and therefore ensure biocompatibility and bio functionality, associated to the interaction of the living tissue and the biomaterial. In this research it was developed and subjected to morphological, mechanical and biological characterization, a biodegradable scaffold that combines the bioactivity of hydroxyapatite (HA) and the adjustable degradability of polyurethane matrix (PU) obtained from the PVA1. This new kind of Scaffold is non toxic, has interconnected pores and micropores at the pore's wall, great mechanical resistance and great cellular growing activation. These properties meet the clinical use requirements. The scanning electronic microscopy analysis shows, beside the pore connection, the hydroxyapatite microparticles arranged evenly in the bionanocomposite. The medium values of compression resistance of the matrix and of the bionanocomposite were close to 60 MPa for PVA1-PU well as PVA1-PU/HA with 25% of HA, and 105 MPa PVA1-PUH/HA with 33% of HA. After 24 hours of insertion, the biomaterial PVA1-PU/HA presented as seen in MEV observation, adherent cells, probably coming from fibroblast cells, spreading with a cellular compact and homogeneous layer and, after 14 days of the insertion, it was observed the biomaterial interaction with the layers of the subcutaneous tissue and the invasion of the cellular growing through the scaffold's interconnected pores. Therefore, the osseous scaffold is indicated with promissing expectations to implants
Doutorado
Materiais e Processos de Fabricação
Doutora em Engenharia Mecânica
Figueirêdo, Rudgy Pinto de. "O estudo da morbidade materna e do concepto em uma maternidade pública de João Pessoa, Paraíba." Universidade de São Paulo, 2013. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/6/6132/tde-13032014-083803/.
Full textIntroduction The study of maternal morbidity contributes to a better understanding of the maternal health scene in Brazil and to the fuller knowledge of obstetric problems that may lead (or not) to the hospitalization of pregnant women. Maternal morbidity data are vital for the administrators of public health policies, who need to know how many women are expected to need basic obstetric care so as to make pregnancy and delivery safer. Objectives To study maternal morbidity and the conceptuses of puerperae in a public maternity hospital in João Pessoa, Paraíba, and identify women with a diagnosis considered potentially threatening and suggestive of being possible near misses. Method - This is a transverse study that is part of a larger project on maternal morbimortality. A sample of 414 puerperae was selected by a process of systematic random sampling, the data on whom were collected, prospectively, from September to November 2011, on the basis of clinical case notes and complementary interviews, at a public maternity hospital of reference in great demand in the municipality. Results - A total of 383 pregnancies which were carried through to delivery and 391 conceptuses were studied. There predominated, among the puerperas: the 20 - 34 year age-group, of brown skin color, low level of schooling, low income and no formal professional occupation. Half of them underwent caesarian section and 17 per cent of the new-born presented health problems. The following incidents were identified during labour: lacerations of the perineum, haematomas, traumatisms, haemorrhages and hypertensions. During the puerperium, hypertensive disorders, post-partum hemorrhage and other puerperal infections were noteworthy. The most frequent mention in the case notes of maternal causes was of hypertensive disturbances of pregnancy. Among the 64 diagnoses suggestive of near-miss, are the hypertensive (58 per cent ) and the haemorrhagic syndromes (32.8 per cent ). In the comparative analysis of the groups of puerperae with morbidities suggestive of near-miss, the following variables presented statistically significant differences (p<0.001): health problems during the previous and present pregnancy, hypertension, risk pregnancy and use of hypertensive medications. No statistical differences between the characteristics of the newborn and those of maternal morbidity (whether suggestive of near miss or not) were found. Conclusion - The study allowed the identification of maternal characteristics and the prevalence (15.5 per cent ) of the morbidities suggestive of maternal near-miss which occur either during labour or puerperium. It is crucial that our knowledge of the aspects of maternal mortality should be expanded so that the complications of the pregnancy-puerperal cycle may be adequately treated and to provide support for the Action Plan to speed up the reduction of maternal mortality and severe maternal morbidity.
Neboha, Oksana. "Příprava struktur duplexního typu cestou mechanického legování a SPS." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta strojního inženýrství, 2020. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-416614.
Full textRocha, Rogers Raphael da [UNESP]. "Propriedades químico-mineralógicas e cerâmicas de rochas da formação Corumbataí: aplicação na diversificação de produtos." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/103036.
Full textEste estudo procurou encontrar subsídios para fomentar inovações e melhorias de produtos cerâmicos com a utilização das rochas sedimentares de diversos estratos da Formação Corumbataí, localizados na região do pólo cerâmico de Santa Gertrudes, mediante estudos químico-mineralógicos associados às propriedades cerâmicas. A qualidade especial dessa matéria-prima conduziu a um grande crescimento produtivo na fabricação de uma única tipologia de revestimentos cerâmicos através da moagem via seca, tendo como consequências: a aceleração da atividade minerária, o aumento da oferta destes produtos no mercado e a diminuição das margens de lucro. A necessidade de se pensar na diversificação e inovação dos produtos cerâmicos é devido ao aumento da competitividade entre as empresas situadas no pólo, e também, com suas concorrentes nacionais e internacionais (China). Outros materiais, como a madeira, o cimento e polímeros, também concorrem com as vendas dos produtos cerâmicos, sendo que as cerâmicas são superiores nas propriedades de inércia química e limpeza, porém perdem na questão da instalação e do peso. A busca por um crescimento sustentável para a fabricação de produtos cerâmicos é muito importante para o pólo de Santa Gertrudes, por estar ligada ao extrativismo mineral e também por ser uma das maiores indústrias empregadoras de recursos humanos da região. A caracterização química e mineralógica explicou as diferenças encontradas nas propriedades cerâmicas medidas, assim como nas distribuições granulométricas e plasticidades, cujas influências são muito importantes para o processamento cerâmico, mostrando a diferença existente entre as amostras de diferentes estratos dos perfis...
This study aims to find innovations and improvements of the ceramic products by using the various strata of Corumbataí Formation, which are located in the ceramic region of Santa Gertrudes, and using the information obtained by the association between the chemical-mineralogical analyses and the ceramic properties. The special quality of this raw material has led to a great increase in the production of a single type of ceramic tiles obtained by the dry grinding process, causing some consequences like these: accelerated mining activity, the increase in the supply of these products in the market and the decrease in the profit. The need of thinking about the diversification and the innovation of the ceramic products is due to the increased competition among the companies located in the area and also among their national and international competitors (China). Other materials such as wood, cement and polymers, also compete with the ceramic products in sales, where the ceramics are superior in the chemical properties and cleanliness, but inferior concerning weight and installation. The search for a maintainable growth for the manufacturing of ceramic products is very important to Santa Gertrudes, as this industrial area is one of the biggest employers of human resources in this region and it is related to the mineral extraction. The chemical-mineralogical characterization explained the differences found in the ceramic properties which were measured, as well as in the particle size distributions and plasticities, whose influences are very important to the ceramic process, showing the existing difference among the samples of different strata of the stratigraphic column most used by the ceramic industries. With this information the quality of these raw materials... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Rocha, Rogers Raphael da. "Propriedades químico-mineralógicas e cerâmicas de rochas da formação Corumbataí : aplicação na diversificação de produtos /." Rio Claro : [s.n.], 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/103036.
Full textBanca: Maria Margarita Torres Moreno
Banca: Carolina Del Roveri
Banca: José Francisco Marciano Motta
Banca: Jairo Roberto Jimenez Rueda
Resumo: Este estudo procurou encontrar subsídios para fomentar inovações e melhorias de produtos cerâmicos com a utilização das rochas sedimentares de diversos estratos da Formação Corumbataí, localizados na região do pólo cerâmico de Santa Gertrudes, mediante estudos químico-mineralógicos associados às propriedades cerâmicas. A qualidade especial dessa matéria-prima conduziu a um grande crescimento produtivo na fabricação de uma única tipologia de revestimentos cerâmicos através da moagem via seca, tendo como consequências: a aceleração da atividade minerária, o aumento da oferta destes produtos no mercado e a diminuição das margens de lucro. A necessidade de se pensar na diversificação e inovação dos produtos cerâmicos é devido ao aumento da competitividade entre as empresas situadas no pólo, e também, com suas concorrentes nacionais e internacionais (China). Outros materiais, como a madeira, o cimento e polímeros, também concorrem com as vendas dos produtos cerâmicos, sendo que as cerâmicas são superiores nas propriedades de inércia química e limpeza, porém perdem na questão da instalação e do peso. A busca por um crescimento sustentável para a fabricação de produtos cerâmicos é muito importante para o pólo de Santa Gertrudes, por estar ligada ao extrativismo mineral e também por ser uma das maiores indústrias empregadoras de recursos humanos da região. A caracterização química e mineralógica explicou as diferenças encontradas nas propriedades cerâmicas medidas, assim como nas distribuições granulométricas e plasticidades, cujas influências são muito importantes para o processamento cerâmico, mostrando a diferença existente entre as amostras de diferentes estratos dos perfis... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Abstract: This study aims to find innovations and improvements of the ceramic products by using the various strata of Corumbataí Formation, which are located in the ceramic region of Santa Gertrudes, and using the information obtained by the association between the chemical-mineralogical analyses and the ceramic properties. The special quality of this raw material has led to a great increase in the production of a single type of ceramic tiles obtained by the dry grinding process, causing some consequences like these: accelerated mining activity, the increase in the supply of these products in the market and the decrease in the profit. The need of thinking about the diversification and the innovation of the ceramic products is due to the increased competition among the companies located in the area and also among their national and international competitors (China). Other materials such as wood, cement and polymers, also compete with the ceramic products in sales, where the ceramics are superior in the chemical properties and cleanliness, but inferior concerning weight and installation. The search for a maintainable growth for the manufacturing of ceramic products is very important to Santa Gertrudes, as this industrial area is one of the biggest employers of human resources in this region and it is related to the mineral extraction. The chemical-mineralogical characterization explained the differences found in the ceramic properties which were measured, as well as in the particle size distributions and plasticities, whose influences are very important to the ceramic process, showing the existing difference among the samples of different strata of the stratigraphic column most used by the ceramic industries. With this information the quality of these raw materials... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Doutor
Freitas, Jefferson Arlen. "Sintese e caracterização de biossorventes a partir da imobilização da biomassa Sargassum sp em matrizes ceramicas pelo processo sol-gel." [s.n.], 2007. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/266214.
Full textTese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Quimica
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Resumo: Este trabalho tratou da pesquisa e desenvolvimento de um adsorvente alternativo, aplicável no tratamento de rejeitos líquidos industriais, contendo baixas concentrações dos metais pesados Cd, Cu e Zn. Ele teve como objetivo geral produzir esferas adsorventes de zeólita 4A - Sargassum sp. com custo de produção competitivo e com elevada capacidade de captura dos metais pesados Cd, Cu e Zn, nas quais o processo de adsorção ocorra com elevada eficiência e com cinética favorável. A produção das esferas envolveu uma abordagem inovadora do Processo Sol - Gel, a qual permitiu produzir sete tipos de esferas, partindo da combinação e imobilização de adsorventes tradicionais pesquisados: biomassa Sargassum sp., caulim, alumina e zeólita. Este processo de imobilização das partículas dos adsorventes tradicionais causa uma obstrução dos poros e canais existentes nestas partículas e, com isto, reduz a capacidade de captura dos metais pesados nas esferas resultantes. Felizmente, a combinação de adsorventes realizada viabilizou a obtenção de esferas adsorventes com elevada capacidade de captura de metais pesados e com cinética favorável. É o caso das esferas de zeólita 4A, com capacidade máxima de captura de Cd+Cu+Zn de 746 µmol/g, com uma velocidade de captura aproximada de 18 µmol/g.h e com uma eficiência de captura de 82% e das esferas de zeólita 4A - 50% em peso de Sargassum sp., com capacidade máxima de captura de Cd+Cu+Zn de 709 µmol/g, com uma velocidade de captura aproximada de 20 µmol/g.h e com uma eficiência de captura de 83%. O comportamento de adsorção destas esferas se ajustou ao modelo de equilíbrio de Freundlich. Elas possuem uma cinética de adsorção compatível com o modelo cinético de pseudo-segunda ordem. Ao tratarem um efluente industrial real, estas esferas apresentam uma eficiência de captura de Cd+Cu+Zn =90% enquanto que numa resina quelante comercial esta eficiência é de 99,5%. Tem-se, pois, esferas adsorventes com elevada eficiência e baixo custo de produção, tornando-as um bom adsorvente para aplicação no tratamento de efluentes líquidos industriais com baixa concentração de Cd, Cu e Zn
Abstract: In this work had been made a research and the development of an alternative adsorbent which may be applied in the treatment of industrial liquid effluents containing low concentration of heavy metals, Cd, Cu and Zn. The main objective was to produce 4A type zeolite-Sargassum sp. adsorbents spheres with the following characteristics: competitive fabrication cost; high uptake capacity of the heavy metals, Cd, Cu and Zn; high affinity by the referred heavy metals; and appropriated adsorption kinetic. The marking of the adsorbents spheres had involve the innovative use of the Sol-gel Process. That had permitted to obtain seven types of adsorbents spheres for combination and immobilization of the particles of traditional adsorbents Sargassum sp., kaolin, alumina and 4A type zeolite. This immobilization process causes an obstruction of the pores and the channels present in these particles that reduced the uptake capacity of the produced adsorbents spheres. Fortunately, the combination of traditional adsorbents particles produced adsorbent spheres with high uptake capacity, high uptake efficiency, and appropriate adsorption kinetic. As, two types of adsorbent spheres, 4A type zeolite and 4A type zeolite-50% Sargassum sp. adsorbed 746 µmol/g and 709 µmol/g with an adsorption velocity of 18 µmol/g.h and 20 µmol/g.h, and a uptake efficiency of 82% and 83%, respectively. The adsorption behavior of these adsorbent spheres had been fitting to the Freundlich model. They have an adsorption kinetic compatible with the pseudo-second order model. When it treated an industrial liquid effluent with these adsorbent spheres, they showed a uptake efficiency higher than 90% and while an uptake efficiency of 99,5% is shown for the commercial chelant resin
Doutorado
Sistemas de Processos Quimicos e Informatica
Doutor em Engenharia Química
Silva, Alysson Martins Almeida. "Crescimento e estrutura de monocamadas de Co sobre Cu90Au10(100)." CNEN - Centro de Desenvolvimento da Tecnologia Nuclear, Belo Horizonte, 2008. http://www.bdtd.cdtn.br//tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=101.
Full textO estudo das correlações entre as propriedades estruturais e magnéticas de filmes finos e ultrafinos é hoje assunto de grande interesse tanto científico como tecnológico, sendo que, dada a disponibilidade de materiais e a importância das aplicações atuais e potenciais, filmes magnéticos compostos por metais e ligas de metais de transição 3d estão entre os materiais mais investigados. O Co é um metal de transição 3d, ferromagnético, e que, em volume, apresenta estrutura hexagonal compacta (hc). Entretanto, tanto esta fase como as fases cúbica de face centrada (cfc) e cúbica de corpo centrado (ccc) podem ser estabilizadas à temperatura ambiente na forma de filmes ultrafinos, ou ainda em forma de estruturas multicamadas, e as propriedades magnéticas dos mesmos apresentam uma complexa correlação com a estrutura cristalina. Existe um grande numero de trabalhos a respeito de Co crescido sobre superfícies de Cu (cfc, parâmetro de rede a = 3,615 Å) e outros monocristais, mas nada há na literatura sobre monocamadas de Co depositadas sobre Cu90Au10, uma liga cfc com parâmetro de rede (3,66 Å) expandido de 1,0% em relação ao Cu. Investigamos aqui o crescimento, em condições de epitaxia de feixe molecular (MBE), e a estrutura de filmes de Co depositados a temperatura ambiente, com espessuras entre uma e cinco monocamadas atômicas (ML) depositadas sobre a superfície (100) da liga Cu90Au10. A composição química e a pureza da superfície do monocristal e dos filmes foram determinadas por espectroscopia de elétrons excitados por raios X (XPS). A cristalinidade da superfície do substrato, bem como a forma de crescimento e a estrutura dos filmes foram determinados por difração de elétrons de baixa e alta energia, LEED e RHEED. A morfologia da superfície do cristal de Cu90Au10(100) e das primeiras monocamadas do filme de cobalto foram determinadas através de medidas de microscopia de varredura por tunelamento (STM). Medidas de magnetometria por efeito Kerr magneto- óptico foram utilizadas para se estabelecer, em caráter preliminar, uma correlação entre a estrutura e o magnetismo dos filmes de Co sobre Cu90Au10(100) Nossos resultados indicam o crescimento de Co com estrutura tetragonal de face centrada (tfc), e uma evolução, com o aumento da espessura de cobalto, de formação de ilhas para crescimento camada a camada. Além disso, nota-se para os filmes de Co uma rápida contração do parâmetro de rede no plano, atingindo aproximadamente 2,5% para ~ 4,0 ML, quando comparado ao substrato de Cu90Au10 (100). Medidas de magnetometria por Efeito Kerr Magneto-ótico indicam magnetização no plano do filme. Este trabalho eminentemente experimental representou um amplo aprendizado no uso e exploração das potencialidades de técnicas múltiplas (LEED, RHEED, XPS, AES, STM e MOKE) para a adequada caracterização e investigação das propriedades estruturais e magnéticas de superfícies e nanoestruturas heteroepitaxiais preparadas em UHV, em condições de epitaxia de feixe molecular (MBE), bem como o primeiro estudo do crescimento de monocamadas de Co depositadas sobre Cu90Au10(100).
The investigation of correlations between structural and magnetic properties of thin and ultrathin films is of great scientific and technological interest presently. Due to importance of their actual and potential applications, films of 3d metals and their alloys are among the most investigated materials. Co is a ferromagnetic 3d metal that in bulk has a hexagonal compact structure (hcp). For Co films or multilayers, the hcp as well as the face-centered (fcc) and bodycentered cubic (bcc) phases can be stabilized at room temperature, depending on the used substrate. It is known that the preparation method can affect decisively the structural and magnetic properties of Co monolayers. There is a big amount of work on Co films grown on different Cu surfaces (fcc; lattice parameter a = 3.615 Å) and other substrates but, to the best of our knowledgement, there is no studies on Co monolayers deposited on Cu90Au10(100), a fcc alloy with lattice parameter of about 3.66 Å. In this work we investigate the epitaxial grow and the structure of Co films with thickness up to 5 atomic monolayers (ML) deposited on Cu90Au10(100). The goal of the study was to investigate the modifications in the magnetic properties of the Co films provided by small distortions in the lattice, since Cu90Au10 presents cfc structure with a lattice parameter ~1% larger than the one of the pure Cu. The sample preparation and the majority of the experimental analysis has been done in ultra high vacuum under molecular beam epitaxy conditions. The studies were conducted in situ, in UHV, by using x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), high and low energy electron diffraction (RHEED and LEED), and scanning tunneling microscopy (STM). Preliminary magnetic measurements on the correlation structure - magnetism were conducted by magneto-optical Kerr effect (MOKE). Our results indicate the growth of a tetragonal distorted face centered (fct) Co lattice and an initial formation of islands followed by a layer-by-layer grow starting from 2 ML Co. The lateral lattice parameter shows a fast contraction with increasing thickness when compared to the CuAu substrate, reaching ~ 2.5% at 4 ML Co. Surface magnetometry by Magneto-optical Kerr effect indicated in-plane magnetization of the Co films. This experimental work represented a broad and extensive learning process on preparation and characterization of heteroepitaxial nanostructures by multiple techniques (LEED, RHEED, XPS, AES, STM, and MOKE) under MBE conditions (UHV) and the first investigation of Co monolayers on Cu90Au10(100). SUMÁRIO
Goveia, Jane Cleide. ""Estudo colorimétrico da translucidez de materiais restauradores odontológicos"." Universidade de São Paulo, 2005. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/23/23134/tde-06062005-163034/.
Full textWhen an anterior tooth is restorated, the whole remaining tissue protection technique and functional recuperation of the dental element can be compromised if the choice of the color of the restorative material is not adequate. The familiarity with the color and light interaction with matter theories may help with the task of choosing the restorative material shade. The challenge in searching for an ideal restorative material in its esthetic function was always obtaining the proper translucency of dental enamel. However, this translucency makes the restorative material suffer an influence of the background color, which can be the protection material color or, more commonly, the dentine color. Concerning the odontologic esthetic restorative activities, it was possible to conclude from this work that: 1) Colorimetry can be an important way for the selection and communication of the restorative material shades; 2) The results show that the background color has a large influence on the final color of the restoration; and 3) The shade guides must be reformulated so that it take into consideration the thickness of the restorative material and background color.
Ashton, Elisa Guerra. "Design, inovação e sustentabilidade : estudo da reciclagem de produtos multi-materiais poliméricos sem separação prévia." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/169250.
Full textThis study deals with issues related to product design and material selection, facing the environmental issues. Developments in design and materials usage unleashed the tendency of developing unsustainable products, as the multi-materials. These products cause severe negative environmental impacts, since its recycling is difficulted by the complexity in separating the materials. In this context, it is argued, through literature review and practical studies, the need of developing short-term solutions to this problem. The objective is to study multi-material products recycling, without previous sorting, aiming the use of the resulting material in applications with added value. The research is divided in three parts: (I) Bibliographic Review, (II) Practical Study A and (III) Practical Study B. Bibliographic Review presents the scientific and theoretic context regarding the central themes for later discussion of the results obtained in the practical parts. Practical Study A involves the reprocessing of multi-material toothbrushes through micronization. Subsequently, the resulting material is characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), density test, tensile test and dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA). It is also presented the selection of potential areas of application for the new recycled material through Materials Properties Charts and a viability test of the selected application. In Practical Study B, two samples of different particle sizes were used to evaluate the influence of the recycled material’s particle sizes. In the characterization stage, in addition to the tests conducted in Study A, granulometric distribution, hardness test, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) were also performed. The results demonstrated the technical feasibility of reprocessing multi-material toothbrushes through the traditional mechanical recycling process, without previous sorting. The recycled material presented potential for application in synthetic laminates for shoes and components production. Regarding the particles size influence, it was found that there was no significant influence in the resulted material. There is also the technological contribution which is the proposition of an alternative for the recycling of theoretically "non-recyclable" products, contributing to the reduction of solid waste generation.
Santos, Armindo dos 1941. "Sintese e caracterização do solido granular magnetico Fe-Al2O3." [s.n.], 2000. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/267561.
Full textTese (doutorado)- Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Quimica
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Resumo: Neste trabalho, investigamos a síntese e as propriedades estruturais e magnéticas do nanocompósito Fe-Ah03, constituído de nanopartículas de Fe metálico embebidas na matriz Al203. Este nanocompósito pertence a uma classe de novos materiais mais conhecida como sólidos granulares magnéticos, materiais de grande potencial tecnológico e científico. O desafio de sintetizar tais sólidos granulares está em inibir a percolação e crescimento das partículas metálicas, de modo a preservar as propriedades magnéticas singulares que tais sistemas apresentam. Métodos de síntese como "Sputtering" e Moagem mecânica têm usado o próprio Fe metálico "buIk" como precursor para obter, respectivamente, os sólidos granulares Fe-Si02 e Fe-Al203. Optamos, aqui, por usar o método químico conhecido por Processo Sol-gel para sintetizar Fe-Al203, partindo de óxidos de Fe como precursores para se obter as nanopartículas de Fe metálico dispersas na matriz de alumina. Teve-se, como hipótese básica, a introdução de uma mesoporosidade na estrutura inorgânica do gel de Fe-Ah03. A função da mesoporosidade é inibir o processo de sinterização das partículas durante o tratamento térmico da rede inorgânica de Fe-Al203 bem como maximizar a taxa de conversão destes óxidos de Fe em Fe. Foram obtidas amostras com frações volumétricas de Fe variando desde 0,9% até 62% em três diferentes séries de amostras: Série A, Série B e Série C, usando como precursores nitrato de alumínio e sulfato de Fe. O método de preparação utilizado produz, inicialmente, uma mistura de óxidos hidratados de Fe e de Al203 além de formadores de poros (os próprios ligantes salinos). Para a conversão dos óxidos de Fe para Fe os melhores resuhados foram obtidos quando se realizou uma calcinação a 800°C, por duas horas, ao ar ambiente, seguida de uma cuidadosa redução a 600°C, por duas horas, em hidrogênio ultrapuro. Caracterizações por Diftatometria de Raios X e por Espectroscopia Mõssbauer mos tram que a matriz a-Al203, de baixíssima cristalinidade, após redução, para uma amostra típica contendo 51,3% em volume de Fe total, possui as seguintes fases de Fe: Fe (-77%), a- Fe203, y-Fe203 e Fe304 (ambas tota1i7.ando -17%) e íons de Fe3+(substitucional) e Fe2+(intersticial) na rede de a-Al203 (ambos totalizando -6%). As partículas de Fe atingiram diâmetro médio máximo de -730 ~ mostrando que a introdução de poros com diâmetro médio de 90 A (determinado pelo Método BET) inibiu maiores crescimentos dessas partículas. Medidas de magnetometria de amostra vibrante, à temperatura ambiente, nas 3 faixas de concentração de Fe investigadas, mostram elevados valores de coercividade (Hc) e valores de magnetização de saturação (Ms) abaixo do valor teórico esperado para amostras com porcentagens equivalentes de Fe e óxidos de Fe: na faixa de ftação volumétrica de 0,9% a 2,3% de Fe em Ah03, com taxas de conversão igual a -22% de Fe, obteve-se amostras com valor máximo de fie de 816 Oe, de Ms 2,3 emu/g e diâmetro médio de Fe não mensurável; na faixa de ftação volumétrica de 2,5% a 17% de Fe em Ah03, com taxas de conversão de 11 a 52%, obteve-se valores de fie entre 540 e 800 Oe, de Ms entre 0,1 elO emu/g e faixa de diâmetro médio de Fe entre 120 e 520 A; e na faixa de ftação volumétrica de Fe em Ah03 de 23% a 62%, com taxas de conversão entre 50 e 80%, obteve-se valores de fie entre 400 Oe e 650 Oe, Ms entre 39 e 110 emu/g e faixa de diâmetro médio de Fe entre 530 e 800 Á
Abstract: ln this work, we bave investigated the synthesis and the structura1 and magnetic properties of the Fe-Ah03 nanocomposite which is formed by mettallic Fe nanopartieles embedded into an Ah03 matrix. This nanocomposite belongs to a new materiaIs class tbat it is more known as magnetic granular solids, materiaIs that bave a great technological and scientific potential.howed high coercivity (Hç) values and saturation magnetization (Ms) values lesser than the expected theoretical value to the samples with equivalent percentage of Fe and iron oxides: in the Fe volumetric fraction range ofO.9% to 2.3% ofFe in Ah03 with conversion rate equal to 22% of Fe, it was obtained samples with Hc maximal value of 816 Oe, Ms value of 2.3 emu/g and Fe medium diameter not measurable; in the volumetric fraction range ofFe in Ah03 of2.5% to 17%, with conversion rate between 11 and 52% ofFe, it was obtained Hc values between 540 and 800 Oe, Ms values between 0.1 and 10 emulg and Fe medium diameter between 120 and 520 Á; and in the Fe in Ah03 volumetric fraction range of23% to 62%, with convertion rate between 50 and 80%, it was obtained Hc values between 400 and 650 Oe, Ms values between 39 and 110 emulg and Fe medium diameter between 530 and 800 Á
Doutorado
Sistemas de Processos Quimicos e Informatica
Doutor em Engenharia Química
Souza, Junior Aloizio Virgulino de. "Sinteses de cordierita por sol-gel utilizando TEOS ou acido silicico : a influencia do acido citrico na cristalização." [s.n.], 2003. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/249984.
Full textDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Quimica
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Mestrado
Nascimento, Gisele Alves. "Os modelos de letramento subjacentes em uma nova proposta oficial para o ensino de língua materna = novas ideias, novos rumos?" [s.n.], 2010. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/269825.
Full textDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Estudos da Linguagem
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Resumo: Há uma crescente discussão acerca do fracasso escolar brasileiro no que tange a formação de um cidadão que seja capaz de utilizar a escrita de forma eficiente. No entanto, pouco se tem investigado sobre os modelos de letramento que subsidiam essas práticas escolares e seus efeitos. Apoiada em Street (1984) e nos Novos Estudos do letramento, a análise aqui empreendida buscou investigar o(s) modelo(s) de letramento subjacente em um novo material docente produzido e distribuído, a partir de 2008, pela Secretaria de Educação do Estado de São Paulo para o ensino de Língua Portuguesa. Procurou-se também, por meio da análise, discutir em que medida as concepções de letramento, expressas ou implícitas, contribuem para o preparo dos alunos para o uso social da escrita. Nesse intuito, foi examinado tanto o material didático, constituído por caderno do aluno e do professor, quanto a proposta oficial que os suporta. A análise da proposta curricular revelou a não explicitação teórica sobre o modelo de letramento orientador. No entanto, foi possível a sua identificação por meio de conceitos tais como escola, professor, currículo, competência leitora/escritora, língua/linguagem, texto e nos objetivos de ensino. Já no material didático, foi analisado, por meio das atividades propostas e orientações ao professor para a execução delas, o(s) modelo(s) de letramento implícito nos conceitos de texto, leitura, ensino de leitura, de produção de texto e de gramática. Os resultados obtidos demonstraram uma grande oscilação de perspectivas, polarizando os modelos e separando o conhecimento escolar do não escolar, pois ora a escrita era apresentada como objeto social, ora como um simples exercício escolar. No entanto, conclui-se que o fato desse material docente utilizar muitas vezes a perspectiva social de letramento proporciona ao aprendiz despertar para a concepção de que os textos estão a serviço de propósitos sociais, não sendo meros veículos de comunicação ou transmissores de idéias. Porém, somente se terá resultados mais significativos quando se deixar de desassociar a escola e a vida social dos alunos
Abstract: The failure of the Brazilian teaching programs is increasingly being discussed with regard to the training of citizens able to express themselves by means an accurate writing. However, only few researches have been dedicated to investigate the models of lettering practices that support these programs and their effects. Based on Street (1984) and on the New Studies of the Lettering, this study aims to investigate the lettering models underlying in a new didactic document created and distributed by State Education Secretary of São Paulo for learning of Portuguese language from 2008. This study also seeks to analyze the extension of the contribution of the lettering notions, expressed and implicit, on the instructing of learners for the social application of the writing. To reach these purposes it was evaluated both the didactic material, constituted by textbook and exercise book, and the government official proposal that support them. The analysis of the government supporting proposal reveals that there is not a theoretical explicitness of the guiding lettering model. Nevertheless, it was possible to identify this model through the teaching purposes and through some concepts such as school, teacher, curriculum, reader/writer proficiency, idiom/language and text. Still, the lettering models implied in the concepts of text, reading, reading learning, text production and grammar was evaluated through proposal activities for teachers and from orientations given to them to execute these activities. Results showed a wide oscillation of perspectives that polarize the models and separate the scholar knowledge from that no-scholar. This is because the writing was represented sometimes as social object and other times as a single exercise of school. The conclusion is that the didactic material considered in this study many times utilize a social perspective of lettering that provide to the learner to wake to the notion of texts as instruments of the social purposes, instead of simples vehicles of communications and transmitters of ideas. Finally, significant results will be obtained only if the school and the social life of the learner no longer be disassociated
Mestrado
Lingua Materna
Mestre em Linguística Aplicada
Akin, Tugce. "Communication Of Smart Materials: Bridging The Gap Between Material Innovation And Product Design." Master's thesis, METU, 2009. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12610999/index.pdf.
Full textInformation Hierarchy for Smart Materials Communication for Industrial / Product Design&rsquo
. Industrial and product designers are invited to use the findings of the thesis to assist in developing a common smart materials language and culture, enriched by details, technicalities, opportunities, and creative and innovative material attributes. The study commences with the creation of a concise and compact reservoir of technical knowledge on smart materials and critically contrasts two established systems of classification for smart materials. Then, the subject of materials information appropriate to industrial design is discussed, highlighting channels through which smart materials information may be communicated at an optimum level so as to be amenable to exploitation by industrial designers. A sectoral analysis of smart materials use follows, including the presentation of factors that may hinder their more extensive exploitation in major industrial sectors. v The thesis concludes that smart materials have potential to initiate a breakthrough in the materials universe, and that industrial designers have a role in promoting smart materials knowledge, the capabilities of smart materials, and their innovation possibilities. It is recomended that since smart materials are a new generation of materials quite different from the conventional, they be promoted carefully through the proposed Information Hierarchy.
Tossavainen, Mia. "Leaching results in the assessment of slag and rock materials as construction material /." Luleå, 2005. http://epubl.luth.se/1402-1544/2005/44.
Full textLiu, Jian. "Material characterisation and modelling of fatigue initiation in aluminium based plain bearing materials." Thesis, University of Southampton, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.431963.
Full textSemmelink, C. J. (Christiaan Johan). "The effect of material properties on the compactabillty of some untreated roadbuilding materials." Thesis, University of Pretoria, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/40193.
Full textThesis (PhD)--University of Pretoria, 1991.
gm2014
Civil Engineering
unrestricted
Zadorosny, Lincon [UNESP]. "Produção e caracterização de micro e nanofibras de Poli(fluoreto de vinilideno) - PVDF obtidos pela técnica de fiação por sopro em solução." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/91972.
Full textNanofibras poliméricas de poli(fluoreto de vinilideno) – PVDF – foram produzidas pela técnica de fiação por sopro em solução (FSS) a partir de soluções de PVDF/N,N, Dimetilformamida – DMF. Foram estudadas as influências da variação da concentração polimérica (15, 20, 25 e 30%, m/v), distância de trabalho (15, 18, 21 e 24 cm), taxa de alimentação (19, 38 e 76 μL/min), e pressão do gás (100, 140 e 180 kPa), sobre a morfologia e diâmetro das nanoestruturas. O diâmetro médio das nanofibras obtidas variou entre 91 e 245 nm. Imagens de MEV apontam que, dentre os parâmetros estudados, o que promoveu maior alteração morfológica das nanofibras foi a concentração polimérica, fator diretamente relacionado à viscosidade da solução. A variação dos demais parâmetros promoveu menores alterações tanto estruturais quanto morfológicas nos filmes nanofibrosos. Análises termogravimétricas (TGA) revelaram que os filmes são termicamente estáveis até uma temperatura de 420 °C. Difratometria de raios X (DRX) indicaram a presença das fases cristalinas α e β, sendo a fase β mais evidenciada para as nanofibras e PVDF casting. O filme obtido por FSS apresentou maior ângulo de contato, demostrando ser mais hidrofóbico. Ensaios de tensão deformação mostraram que os filmes nanofibrosos apresentaram uma deformação até a ruptura de 72%, cerca de 1,7 e 3,1 vezes maior que os obtidos por casting e prensagem a quente, respectivamente. Verificou-se também um decréscimo no módulo de elasticidade e do limite de resistência à tração das nanofibras, comparativamente aos outros filmes
Poly(vinylidene fluoride) – PVDF Nanofibers were produced by solution blow spinning technique (SBS) from solutions PVDF/N,N, Dimethylformamide – DMF. It was investigated the influence of the polymeric concentration (15, 20, 25 e 30% w/v), work distance (15, 18, 21 and 24 cm), feed rate (19, 38 e 76 μL/min), and gas pressure (100, 140 e 180 kPa), on the morphology of the nanostructure and diameter of the nanofibers. The average diameter of the obtained nanostructure was on the range 91 - 245 nm. SEM images show that, among the studied parameters, the concentration of the solution promoted the grater changes in the morphology of the polymer nanofibers. Such factor is directly related to the viscosity of the solution. Variation of the other parameters promoted both structural and morphological changes in the nanofiber films. Termograviometric analyses showed that the films are thermally stable up to 420°C. X-ray diffraction (XRD) indicated the presence of the crystalline phases α and β. However, the β phase is more evident in the nanofibers and in the PVDF casting. The films obtained by SBS showed higher contact angle, which means that they are more hydrophobic. Stress-strain tests showed that nanofiber films had a break deformation of 72%, approximately 1.7 and 3.1 times higher than those obtained by casting and hot pressing, respectively. There was also a decrease in the elastic modulus and in the tensile strength of the PVDF nanofibers when compared with the other films
Zadorosny, Lincon. "Produção e caracterização de micro e nanofibras de Poli(fluoreto de vinilideno) - PVDF obtidos pela técnica de fiação por sopro em solução /." Ilha Solteira, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/91972.
Full textBanca: Walter Katsumi Sakamoto
Banca: Antonio Riul Júnior
Resumo: Nanofibras poliméricas de poli(fluoreto de vinilideno) - PVDF - foram produzidas pela técnica de fiação por sopro em solução (FSS) a partir de soluções de PVDF/N,N, Dimetilformamida - DMF. Foram estudadas as influências da variação da concentração polimérica (15, 20, 25 e 30%, m/v), distância de trabalho (15, 18, 21 e 24 cm), taxa de alimentação (19, 38 e 76 μL/min), e pressão do gás (100, 140 e 180 kPa), sobre a morfologia e diâmetro das nanoestruturas. O diâmetro médio das nanofibras obtidas variou entre 91 e 245 nm. Imagens de MEV apontam que, dentre os parâmetros estudados, o que promoveu maior alteração morfológica das nanofibras foi a concentração polimérica, fator diretamente relacionado à viscosidade da solução. A variação dos demais parâmetros promoveu menores alterações tanto estruturais quanto morfológicas nos filmes nanofibrosos. Análises termogravimétricas (TGA) revelaram que os filmes são termicamente estáveis até uma temperatura de 420 °C. Difratometria de raios X (DRX) indicaram a presença das fases cristalinas α e β, sendo a fase β mais evidenciada para as nanofibras e PVDF casting. O filme obtido por FSS apresentou maior ângulo de contato, demostrando ser mais hidrofóbico. Ensaios de tensão deformação mostraram que os filmes nanofibrosos apresentaram uma deformação até a ruptura de 72%, cerca de 1,7 e 3,1 vezes maior que os obtidos por casting e prensagem a quente, respectivamente. Verificou-se também um decréscimo no módulo de elasticidade e do limite de resistência à tração das nanofibras, comparativamente aos outros filmes
Abstract: Poly(vinylidene fluoride) - PVDF Nanofibers were produced by solution blow spinning technique (SBS) from solutions PVDF/N,N, Dimethylformamide - DMF. It was investigated the influence of the polymeric concentration (15, 20, 25 e 30% w/v), work distance (15, 18, 21 and 24 cm), feed rate (19, 38 e 76 μL/min), and gas pressure (100, 140 e 180 kPa), on the morphology of the nanostructure and diameter of the nanofibers. The average diameter of the obtained nanostructure was on the range 91 - 245 nm. SEM images show that, among the studied parameters, the concentration of the solution promoted the grater changes in the morphology of the polymer nanofibers. Such factor is directly related to the viscosity of the solution. Variation of the other parameters promoted both structural and morphological changes in the nanofiber films. Termograviometric analyses showed that the films are thermally stable up to 420°C. X-ray diffraction (XRD) indicated the presence of the crystalline phases α and β. However, the β phase is more evident in the nanofibers and in the PVDF casting. The films obtained by SBS showed higher contact angle, which means that they are more hydrophobic. Stress-strain tests showed that nanofiber films had a break deformation of 72%, approximately 1.7 and 3.1 times higher than those obtained by casting and hot pressing, respectively. There was also a decrease in the elastic modulus and in the tensile strength of the PVDF nanofibers when compared with the other films
Mestre
Gehlen, Aline. "Avaliação da influência do tipo de argila MMT incorporada em blenda EVA/PVC através do processamento em extrusora dupla-rosca." reponame:Repositório Institucional da UCS, 2010. https://repositorio.ucs.br/handle/11338/570.
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Pajic, Ruzica. "Elevperspektiv på laborativt material, en studie om hur laborativt material används i årskurs 6. Students perspective on laboratory material, a study about laboratory materials used in sixth grade." Thesis, Malmö högskola, Lärarutbildningen (LUT), 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-32826.
Full textA study of the laboratory material in fraction teaching based on students' perspectiveAuthor: Ruzica PajicThe purpose of this study is to achieve a deeper understanding of the laboratory material significance in school mathematics. In this master thesis has been examined how children's perspectives are affected in 6th grade based on how learning materials are used in mathematics education . In earlier research reported children's learning and how it is portrayed by the cognitive, cultural and socio-cultural perspective. These perspectives are presented and compared theorists ; Vygotsky and Bruner with each other. These theorists have been chosen because they present the basics of using the learning materials in schools . In this study, laboratory material for teaching purposes , the laboratory material that students can use is , fractions rods. Laboratory materials have been defined based artifacts according to Wartofsky (1979) can be divided into three categories : primary , secondary and tertiary . I have chosen to work from artifacts when I have interpreted and drew conclusions based on theory and research.During the observations in the classroom I could see the perspective of children affected depending on how they used the laboratory material. Students could use the material in three different categories. This was evident in the interviews held in the focus groups. The results showed that most children used the secondary artifact , there were some students who used both the tertiary and the primary artifact. The children came up with the teacher as an important factor if prima facie they learn and this came up clearly in the observations and interviews . It is the teacher's instructions and guidelines that affect the child's perspective , and it has great impact on how children learn fractions. How does the use of learning materials the children's perspective and what impact it has on how they learn ?The results turned out to students' perspectives from the three categories . Students who used the secondary and tertiary artifact experienced laboratory material positive and instructive. The students described in their interviews that they could be active, team-working, have a variety and get a greater understanding of fractions. The students who used the primary artifact did not understand how to use learning materials in teaching. The difficulties that students experienced when they would use laboratory material was primarily due to teachers' instructions . The students did not understand how to use the material and it was not sufficiently specific and clear to them. Some students thought that it is teachers who have the answers . The observation could interpreted in that some students had difficulty understanding the task when they did not actively participate . Mostly in the study experienced students when they assumed the secondary and tertiary artifact that fights the data became more concrete with the help of rods , leading to the sense of reality that also led to increased communication between students.