Academic literature on the topic 'Materia Medica - history'
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Journal articles on the topic "Materia Medica - history"
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Nash, Linda. "Comment: Materia Medica." Bulletin of the History of Medicine 92, no. 1 (2018): 50–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/bhm.2018.0002.
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Xie, Chengkun. "Study on the Classification and Publication of Dahe Materia Medica—Focusing on the Comparison with Compendium of Materia Medica." Journal of Education, Teaching and Social Studies 4, no. 1 (2022): p43. http://dx.doi.org/10.22158/jetss.v4n1p43.
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The development of modern Japanese materia medica began with the passing of the Book Compendium of Materia Medica to Japan. With the spread and popularity of compendium of Materia Medica and the influence of Confucian thoughts such as “learning from things to know”, Beiyuan Yixuan, a Confucianist, herbalist and naturalist, has become Japan’s first original materia medica natural history work - Daiwa materia medica. Among them, there are 772 kinds collected from compendium of Materia Medica, except for the parts not owned by Japan, 203 kinds collected from other bibliographies, 358 kinds produced in Japan and 29 kinds imported from the Netherlands. A total of 1362 varieties were collected. This paper intends to analyze the origin relationship between compendium of Materia Medica and Da he materia medica. The investigation of Da he materia medica has important reference value for exploring the influence of compendium of Materia Medica on its eastward transmission to Japan and re examining the significance of the translation, introduction and dissemination of traditional Chinese medicine culture with traditional Chinese Medicine Classics as the carrier abroad.
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Schmidt, F. R. A. "Die Redefigur "Substanz a Produziert Wirkung B" in Den Frühen Rezeptarien Und Der Materia Medica Der Chinesischen Textkultur1." Early Science and Medicine 7, no. 2 (2002): 121–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/157338202x00054.
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AbstractThis article focuses on the interaction between recipes unearthed from tombs datable to the Han dynasty (206 BC-220 AD) and the early history of the materia medica. We observed that the two medicographic media, i.e. the materia medica and the recipes, share the following logical structure: [Substance] A [produces] → [effect] B Our arrow (→) indicates a variety of relations, which the present article tries to categorize. As is shown in detail, the routine A → B is on the
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Hsu, Elisabeth. "The history of qing hao in the Chinese materia medica." Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 100, no. 6 (2006): 505–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.trstmh.2005.09.020.
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Riddle, John M. "The History of Medications for Women: Materia medica woman (review)." Bulletin of the History of Medicine 77, no. 2 (2003): 422–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/bhm.2003.0084.
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Gradvohl, Edina. "Antik és középkori gyógynövénylisták." Belvedere Meridionale 34, no. 2 (2022): 59–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.14232/belv.2022.2.5.
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In ancient history, the most prominent writer on plant drugs was Dioscorides, “the father of pharmacognosy”. Between about 50-70 A.D. he wrote his fundamental work “De Materia Medica.” It was destined to be one of the most famous books on pharmacology and medicine but is also rich in horticulture and plant ecology. This classical work of ancient medicine, translated many times, offers plenty of data on the medical plants constituting the basic materia medica until the late Middle Ages and the Renaissance. The famous illustrated Greek recensions reorganized the information alphabetically: the Juliana Anicia Codex completed in 512 and the Codex Neapolitanus considered to be late 6th or early 7th century, and Morgan 652 produced between 927 and 985. „De Materia Medica” played a key role in the development of Tacuinum Sanitatis, which was written Ibn Buṭlān in the 11. century. These two books have had a great impact on Ms. 459 (Biblioteca Casanatense).
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Czaja, Olaf. "The Substitution of Materia Medica in Tibetan Medicine: An Inquiry into Traditional Tibetan Treatises." East Asian Science, Technology, and Medicine 46, no. 1 (2017): 119–212. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/26669323-04601008.
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The substitution of materia medica in Tibetan medicine was an important issue in the past, and still is today. This article will offer a brief survey of references found in Tibetan written sources, and discuss the only three Tibetan treatises that deal exclusively with the subject. It will explore the underlying modes of substitution, and provide insights into the criteria that are used to determine suitable substitutes. Ultimately it will be demonstrated that one can distinguish seven criteria—namely the taste, healing potential, type, substance, name, shape, and smell—that are used to determine an appropriate substitute for rare or expensive materia medica in the Tibetan medical tradition.
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Vedat Yildirim, Rifat. "Studies on De Materia Medica of Dioscorides in the Islamic era." Asclepio 65, no. 1 (2013): p007. http://dx.doi.org/10.3989/asclepio.2013.07.
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Barreiros, Bruno, and Palmira Fontes da Costa. "Materia Medica and the History of the Book in Seventeenth-Century Portugal." Nuncius 36, no. 2 (2021): 394–430. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/18253911-03602007.
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Abstract This article provides an analysis of the most successful books on materia medica printed in Portugal in the seventeenth century and their influence on subsequent works. The study is informed by methodologies and concerns from the field of the history of the book and pays particular attention to paratexts, genres as well as to physical formats. It shows that these elements were fundamental in defining intended audiences and in constructing strategies of legitimation for their authors. In addition, it assesses issues of readership by considering the marginalia preserved in some copies of these books. The investigation has also into account a significant number of manuscripts on the subject. In spite of their limited circulation, this article shows the advantage of manuscript culture in the dissemination of knowledge on materia medica. Since they could circumvent censorship, particularly in the case of chemical remedies, they reveal a more open approach towards therapeutic innovations and the integration of new ideas and practices.
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Mohd Shafri, Mohd Affendi. "Treatments of Eye Diseases in Malay Medical Manuscript Ramuan Obat EAP153/9/4." Journal of Al-Tamaddun 16, no. 1 (2021): 27–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.22452/jat.vol16no1.3.
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The Malay medical manuscript Ramuan Obat EAP153/9/4 is a Malay medical manuscript from Riau Archipelago in today’s Indonesia. It appears to focus on eye diseases and treatments. This study aims to evaluate if the traditional medicines and interventions in the manuscript can be supported scientifically. Critical transliteration and data extraction were performed by applying philological method in identifying and categorising the diseases and interventions. The materia medica was analysed by comparing scientific reports presented in PubMed and Google Scholar, and matching each ingredient to the intended purpose as indicated in the manuscript. The manuscript contains both physical and spiritual interventions amounting to 28 formulations for 7 different types of eye disease. Half of the materia medica and their use in Ramuan Obat EAP153/9/4 could be supported by contemporary scientific evidence. The lack of contemporary scientific evidence for other materia medica, on the other hand, could be attributed to the lack of scientific research on them rather and not necessarily a deficiency in effectiveness. More scientific studies would need to be carried out to validate the safety and efficacy of formulations contained in Malay medical manuscripts as the content could potentially lead to new drug discovery. Apart from scientific gains, the study could also contribute to the preservation of Malay medical culture and heritage.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Materia Medica - history"
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Bian, He. "Assembling the Cure: Materia Medica and the Culture of Healing in Late Imperial China." Thesis, Harvard University, 2014. http://dissertations.umi.com/gsas.harvard:11449.
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This dissertation examines the intersection between the culture of knowledge and socio-economic conditions of late Ming and Qing China (1550-1800) through the lens of materia medica. I argue that medicine in China during this time developed new characteristics that emphasized the centrality of drugs as objects of pharmacological knowledge, commodities valued by authenticity and efficacy, and embodiment of medical skills and expertise. My inquiry contributes to a deeper understanding of the materiality of healing as a basic condition in early modern societies: on the one hand, textual knowledge about drugs and the substances themselves became increasingly available via the commoditization of texts and goods; on the other hand, anxiety arose out of the unruly nature of potent substances, whose promise to cure remained difficult to grasp in social practice of medicine.History of Science
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Duffin, Christopher John. "The historical roles of mineral materials in folk medicine and the development of the materia medica." Thesis, Kingston University, 2018. http://eprints.kingston.ac.uk/41903/.
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Mineral materials include rocks, minerals, fossils, earths, mineraloids, biogenic skeletal remains and synthetic stones. Each of these classes of material has enjoyed much popularity as supposedly therapeutic medicinal ingredients in the history of pharmacy; many have an unbroken record of use since ancient and classical times. The historical materia medica incorporates minerals that have been made use of in both medical folklore and academic analysis. This thesis presents a body of work which develops examples from each class of mineral material, tries to establish their identities, and explores the evolution of their therapeutic use against the backdrop of changing philosophies in the history of medicine. The most rudimentary use of mineral materials was in a magico-medicinal way as amulets wom for protection against harmful influences which might be expressed in the body as loss of health, and as prophylactics against specific diseases and poisons. Amulets were often worn as pendants, necklaces and rings, or appended to the clothing in some way. The humoral system of Greek medicine saw the health of the body as being a state of balance between the four humours. Humoral imbalance was corrected by, amongst other interventions, the application of medicinal simples or 'Galenicals', which were largely unmodified (other than by trituration) herbal, zoological and mineralogical materials. The choice of simple was determined by the Aristotelian qualities ascribed to them, and their perceived efficacy according to the Doctrine of Signatures. This approach to prescribing practice held sway from classical times until the work of Paracelsus at the beginning of the Scientific Revolution which commended the use of only the active ingredients of a particular simple, separated from the remainder by alchemical means. These iatrochemical preparations permitted dosage standardisation and encouraged a more empirical approach to prescribing practice. The mineral materials most closely examined in this thesis in the context of the evolving materia medica are pumice, gemstones, holed flints, amber, unicom horn, Jews' stones (fossil echinoid spines), Porcupine bezoars, otoliths and synthetic stones. The analyses presented here rely on the study of manuscript, archival, printed and material sources.
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Marcellin, Sherry Suzette. "The political economy of pharmaceutical patents : US sectional interests and the African group at the WTO : a case study in international trade decision-making and the possibility for change." Thesis, University of Warwick, 2008. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/1049/.
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The public international backlash against the TRIPS Agreement and the global pharmaceutical industry that followed in the wake of the March 2001 lawsuit brought by 39 pharmaceutical companies against the government of South Africa prompted a critical investigation into how the current order came into being and how it might be in a process of changing. To do this the thesis follows Cox’s insight in Critical IPE that each successive historical structure generates the contradictions and points of conflict that bring about its transformation (Cox, 1995: 35). The research therefore first looks at the making of the patent provisions in TRIPS as a case study in institutional capture by the transnational drug industry (TDI), dominated by American interests. This question is developed theoretically as well as empirically by first developing a theoretical framework that explains continuity in the global political economy (GPE) as a way of intimating how the TDI was able to secure all of its demands for pharmaceutical patents under TRIPS despite the prevalence of conflict and opposition from developing countries in the Uruguay Round (UR), and notwithstanding the single undertaking of the UR package. The thesis then examines the negotiations on patents in the UR to determine the nature of decision-making and to probe the questions of conflict and contradictions in the present that provide a framework of analysis on the shakiness of the prevailing order. The thesis then looks at how, why and under what circumstances the initial ‘capture’ of TRIPS by the TDI was arguably successfully challenged by probably the weakest global economic actor, the African Group (AG) at the WTO. Specifically looking at the role of conflict in change this question probes further points of conflict and contradictions in the present to set the scene for the wide scale offensive against TRIPS as a result of its implications for access to healthcare in the poorest countries which already suffer overwhelmingly from a high disease burden. The post-TRIPS challenge mounted by transnational civil society and the AG (the two constituting a counter-society) take the thesis from its analysis of continuity in the GPE, towards theorising the circumstances under which the prevailing historical structure can at least partially be transcended to render legitimate the demands of the poor. The thesis advances its contribution, both theoretically and empirically, to Critical International Political Economy, particularly as it concerns the work of Robert Cox.
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吳麟如. "嶺南中醫藥臨床應用特點". HKBU Institutional Repository, 2006. http://repository.hkbu.edu.hk/etd_ra/751.
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Bratslavsky, Lauren. "From Ephemeral to Legitimate: An Inquiry into Television's Material Traces in Archival Spaces, 1950s -1970s." Thesis, University of Oregon, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1794/13445.
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The dissertation offers a historical inquiry about how television's material traces entered archival spaces. Material traces refer to both the moving image products and the assortment of documentation about the processes of television as industrial and creative endeavors. By identifying the development of television-specific archives and collecting areas in the 1950s to the 1970s, the dissertation contributes to television studies, specifically pointing out how television materials were conceived as cultural and historical materials "worthy" of preservation and academic study. Institutions, particularly academic and cultural institutions with archival spaces, conferred television with a status of legitimacy alongside the ascent of television studies in the 1960s and 1970s. Institutions were sites of legitimation, however, television's entrance into these archival spaces depended on the work of various individuals within academic, archival, and industrial structures who grappled with defining television's intangible archival values and dealt with material obstacles. In examining several major institutions and the factors at play in archiving television, we can trace how television was valued as worthy of academic study and conceptualized as historical evidence. The following research questions structured this historical inquiry: How did different institutions approach television as archivable in the 1950s to the 1970s? Who were the determinators within these institutions, who could conceptualize television as archivable? What were the factors that enabled television's material traces to enter archival spaces? How did television directly or indirectly enter these archival spaces?
Drawing on historical methods, the research primarily examined the archives of the archives, meaning institutional documents that illuminated the archival process and perceptions about television and media. The dissertation focused on five case studies: the Museum of Modern Art, the Mass Communications History Center at the State Historical Society of Wisconsin, the Wisconsin Center for Film and Theater Research, the UCLA Film and Television Archives, and the Museum of Broadcasting. These case studies represent the various institutional contexts that applied an archival logic to television. Cultural institutions, academic archives, and industry-initiated archives worked as sites to legitimate television, transforming ephemeral broadcast moments into lasting historical and cultural material.
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Almonte, Michelle. "History, Material Culture, and the Search for the Mythic American Dream in Angie Cruz’s Let it Rain Coffee." FIU Digital Commons, 2017. http://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/3175.
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This thesis examines the connection between Dominican history, the influence of American material culture, and the mythic American Dream as catalysts for migration. The two U.S. occupations and American propaganda through media had a great effect on the deceptive perception of an American life as an effortless method for attaining wealth. Let it Rain Coffee by Angie Cruz, will focus on the character, Esperanza Colon, and her obsession with the lavish lifestyle she views on the television show, Dallas. Material objects, as argued by Daniel Miller in his book, Stuff, work in subtle yet significant ways and determine our function, identification, and experience in society. If the ideal purpose of material culture is to presuppose our roles as individuals, one can conclude that the novel showcases the issues of a subordinate class struggling to attain the material goods that represent economic wealth while maintaining a sense of self-identification and self-agency.
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Carro, Martín Sergio. "La materialización de la fe islámica: Estudio material, textual e iconográfico de seis certificados de peregrinación a La Meca y Medina (ss. XV-XVI)." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/670003.
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Esta Tesis Doctoral presenta la edición y el estudio global de seis certificados de peregrinación a los lugares santos de La Meca y Medina, datados entre los ss. XV y XVI. La particularidad de esta tipología documental radica en que la modalidad de peregrinación acreditada es la delegación, cuyo origen legal analizaremos en esta Tesis Doctoral. En este sentido, este trabajo se aleja de la perspectiva devocional con la que los certificados han sido descritos, y propone que el papel desempeñado por estos documentos estaría relacionado con la jurisprudencia islámica sobre la herencia. Los manuscritos aquí estudiados serán analizados comparativamente, lo que nos permite ofrecer una panorámica general de la evolución de esta tipología desde tres perspectivas diferentes: materialidad, textualidad e iconografía. El objetivo de este trabajo es avanzar en el conocimiento de los motivos que suscitaron la aparición de los certificados y complementar el trabajo de edición y estudio de manuscritos inéditos conforme a los criterios de la Papirología.This PhD Dissertation presents the edition and global study of six pilgrimage certificates to the holy places of Mecca and Medina, dated between the 15th and 16th centuries. The particularity of this documentary typology lies in the fact that they attest delegated pilgrimages, whose legal origin is analyzed in this work. In this sense, this Dissertation differs in perspective from the devotional approach commonly used to study previously described certificates, and propose that the role played by these documents would be related to the Islamic jurisprudence on inheritance law. The comparative analysis, on the other hand, allows us to offer a general overview of the evolution of this typology from three different perspectives: materiality, textuality, and iconography. The main aim of this work is shed light on our knowledge of this kind of documents, explore the reasons for their emergence and implement the methodology of editing and studying unpublished manuscripts according to the criteria proposed by Papyrology.
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Суровцева, И. В. "Роль наглядности в оптимизации учебного процесса". Thesis, Издательство СумГУ, 2007. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/24260.
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Несомненно, использование наглядности и технических средств обучения способствует повышению качества преподавания, интенсифицирует труд преподавателя и студентов, делает учебный процесс эмоциональней и ярче. Однако в этой работе предстоит решить еще немало проблем.
При цитировании документа, используйте ссылку http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/24260
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Marks, Lara. "Irish and Jewish women's experience of childbirth and infant care in East London, 1870-1939 : the responses of host society and immigrant communities to medical welfare needs." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1990. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:fce5b2bc-8b9b-41e7-9ec7-3bef15d566ee.
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This thesis examines Irish and Jewish mothers' experience of maternity provision and infant care services in East London in the years 1870-1939. As newcomers these immigrants not only had to cope with poverty but also the barriers of language and different cultural customs. Leaving their family and kinship networks behind them, Irish and Jewish mothers had to find new sources of support when incapacitated through pregnancy or childbirth. Living in one of the poorest areas of London and unfamiliar with the local medical and welfare services, these immigrants might be expected to have suffered very poor health. On closer examination, however, Irish and Jewish immigrants appear to have had remarkably low rates of infant and maternal mortality. Despite the difficulties they faced as newcomers, Irish and Jewish mothers had certain advantages over the local population in East London. They were not only able to rely on the prolific and diverse services already present in East London, but could also call upon their own communal organisations. This provision offered a wide range of care and was a vital support to the newcomers. After examining the social and economic background to Irish and Jewish emigration and settlement the thesis examines what impact this had on their health patterns, particularly infant and maternal mortality. The following chapters explore what forms of support were available to married Irish and Jewish mothers through their own family and local neighbourhood and communal agencies. Chapter five concerns the unmarried mother and what provision was made specifically for her. The care offered by the host society to immigrant mothers and their infants is explored in chapters 6 to 8. Institutions covered by these chapters include voluntary hospitals, Poor Law infirmaries, and charitable organisations such as district nursing associations and medical missions. The thesis examines not only the services available to Irish and Jewish mothers, but also the attitudes of health professionals and philanthropists towards immigrants and how these affected the accessibility and acceptability of maternity and infant welfare services to Irish and East European Jewish mothers.
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Rohrdanz, Jessica Lynn. "Superheroes for a Superpower: Batman, Spider-Man and the Quest for an American Identity." Connect to resource online, 2009. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ysu1242442545.
Full textBooks on the topic "Materia Medica - history"
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Materia medica. B.R. Pub. Corp., 1986.
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Crișan, Eva. Materia medica de Transylvanie. Muzeul National de Istorie a Transilvaniei, 1996.
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Flückiger, Friedrich A. Pharmacographia: A history of the principal drugs of vegetable origin met with in Great Britain and British India. International Book Distributors, 1986.
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Reunión, Red de Intercambios para la Historia y. la Epistemologia de las Ciencias Quimicas y. Biológicas. Materia medica: Terapéutica y farmacia : libro de resúmenes. Gobierno del Estado de Puebla, Secretaría de Cultura, 1996.
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Zee, Barbara Van der. Green pharmacy: The history and evolution of western herbal medicine. Healing Arts Press, 1997.
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García, Consolación Martínez. Drogas importadas desde Nueva España (1689-1720): Estudio estadístico farmacoterapéutico. Secretariado de Publicaciones de la Universidad de Sevilla, 1991.
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García, Crescencio. Medicina, história y paisaje. Colegio de Michoacán, 1996.
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Garun and salsamenta: Production and commerce in materia medica. E.J. Brill, 1991.
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Xiaojuan, Zhou, ed. Gou qi shi hua. Ningxia ren min jiao yu chu ban she, 2012.
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Amar, Zohar. ʾErets Yiśraʾel ve-Suryah ʻal-pi teʾuro shel al-Tamimi: Rofeʾ Yerushalami ben ha-meʾah ha-ʻaśirit. Universiṭat Bar ʾIlan, 2004.
Book chapters on the topic "Materia Medica - history"
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Lue, Kuang Yang, and Masaharu Kawakatsu. "History of the study of Turbellaria in China. Part 1: Ages of Materia Medica and of early expeditions by westerners." In Advances in the Biology of Turbellarians and Related Platyhelminthes. Springer Netherlands, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-4810-5_45.
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Hsu, Elisabeth. "How Techniques of Herbal Drug Preparation Affect the Therapeutic Outcome: Reflections on Qinghao 青蒿 (Herba Artemisiae annuae) in the History of the Chinese Materia Medica." In Artemisia annua - Pharmacology and Biotechnology. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-41027-7_1.
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Ehlers, Wolfgang. "Porous Media in the Light of History." In The History of Theoretical, Material and Computational Mechanics - Mathematics Meets Mechanics and Engineering. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-39905-3_13.
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Bonne, Griet. "Visualizing Rubens in Modern Art History." In Vor dem Blick. Bielefeld University Press / transcript Verlag, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.14361/9783839456835-004.
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In this essay, Griet Bonne examines what Rubens' modern remediation can teach us about reproducibility in the current post-digital age. Between Rubens' 300th and 400th birthday celebration, in 1877 and 1977 respectively, mechanical reproductions increasingly defined our perception and reception of art. Reproduction media used various visual strategies to translate the artworks' narratives into a modern perspective. In addition, the altered formal and material appearance of the images resulted in new interpretations of the artworks, based entirely on the medium-specific properties of the reproduction.
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Gonçalo, Pablo. "Speculative Writing." In Cultural Inquiry. ICI Berlin Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.37050/ci-21_13.
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This article investigates and proposes the concept of speculative writing, which is a disruptive sort of dramaturgy mediated by artificial intelligence. What are the kinds of events created by speculative writing? What might its history and genealogy be? What might the duration of an alphanumeric reenactment be? Guided by these questions, the article details its search for speculative writing in unfilmed script history as well as in premediation events. According to these concepts, this essay concludes that speculative writing will enact potential, abstract, and premediated events, which have never become material media.
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Davis-Floyd, Robbie. "The International Childbirth Initiative: An Applied Anthropologist’s Account of Developing Global Guidelines." In Global Maternal and Child Health. Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-84514-8_10.
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AbstractThis chapter describes my personal experiences as an applied anthropologist serving as the lead editor in the development of a set of international guidelines focused on improving quality of maternity care: the International Childbirth Initiative (ICI): 12 Steps to Safe and Respectful MotherBaby-Family Maternity Care (2018). The ICI’s purpose is to encourage global awareness and local implementation of the MotherBaby-Family Model of Care. This is a model based on women’s rights and humane, respectful, family-centered care. The ICI’s creation story is continuous with global movements to improve the quality of maternity care and with a deep history of birth activism by practitioners, public health advocates, and social scientists aimed at decreasing unnecessary medical intervention in childbirth. This narrative is widely relevant for understanding how to develop and implement global guidelines that can flexibly adapt to local contexts. The ICI was developed by the merging of the 2015 FIGO Guidelines to Mother-Baby Friendly Birthing Facilities with the pre-existing International MotherBaby Childbirth Initiative (IMBCI) in an intense and rewarding group process. The chapter discusses factors that contributed to the successful development of clear global guidelines for high-quality maternity care. These include attention to process, alignment with key values of the women’s health and midwifery movements, multilevel collaboration and networking around a clear vision, garnering input from many people with diverse voices and perspectives, and patience with and commitment to the tasks at hand.
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Higby, Gregory, and Elaine C. Stroud. "Materia Medica (Drugs) and Drug Therapy." In The History of Pharmacy. Routledge, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780429021398-8.
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POLE, S. "A History of Ayurveda and the Growth of the Materia Medica." In Ayurvedic Medicine. Elsevier, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-443-10090-1.50009-8.
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Rothstein, William G. "Medical Care and Medical Education, 1750–1825." In American Medical Schools and the Practice of Medicine. Oxford University Press, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195041866.003.0008.
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Medical care at the end of the eighteenth century, like that in any period, was determined by the state of medical knowledge and the available types of treatment. Some useful knowledge existed, but most of medical practice was characterized by scientific ignorance and ineffective or harmful treatments based largely on tradition. The empirical nature of medical practice made apprenticeship the dominant form of medical education. Toward the end of the century medical schools were established to provide the theoretical part of the student’s education, while apprenticeship continued to provide the practical part. The scientifically valid aspects of medical science in the late eighteenth century comprised gross anatomy, physiology, pathology, and the materia medica. Gross anatomy, the study of those parts of the human organism visible to the naked eye, had benefitted from the long history of dissection to become the best developed of the medical sciences. This enabled surgeons to undertake a larger variety of operations with greater expertise. Physiology, the study of how anatomical structures function in life, had developed at a far slower pace. The greatest physiological discovery up to that time, the circulation of the blood, had been made at the beginning of the seventeenth century and was still considered novel almost two centuries later. Physiology was a popular area for theorizing, and the numerous physiologically based theories of disease were, as a physician wrote in 1836, “mere assumptions of unproved, and as time has demonstrated, unprovable facts, or downright imaginations.” Pathology at that time was concerned with pathological or morbid anatomy, the study of the changes in gross anatomical structures due to disease and their relationship to clinical symptoms. The field was in its infancy and contributed little to medicine and medical practice. Materia medica was the study of drugs and drug preparation and use. Late eighteenth century American physicians had available to them a substantial armamentarium of drugs. Estes studied the ledgers of one New Hampshire physician from 1751 to 1787 (3,701 patient visits), and another from 1785 to 1791 (1,161 patient visits), one Boston physician from 1782 to 1795 (1,454 patient visits), and another from 1784 to 1791 (779 patient visits).
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Bian, He. "Converting Tribute." In Know Your Remedies. Princeton University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.23943/princeton/9780691179049.003.0003.
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This chapter tells a parallel story of the State’s retreat from directly procuring materia medica from localities as tribute, resorting instead to collecting a monetized surtax. Building on rich literature which largely focused on social relations and productivity measured by grain, cloth, and labor, the chapter suggests that it may shed new light on a familiar aspect of Ming history by examining the monetization of tribute medicine. It shows that Ming actors almost always thought through and documented fiscal reform in very concrete terms. Gazetteers of Ming times, such as that of Longqing, were replete with discussions about objects of value: where they were found, how much they were worth, and the specific manners of their deployment in public affairs. Instead of an abstract preference for money, the debates were driven by inherently ethical concerns—and political negotiations—over the distribution of material wealth in official versus nonofficial domains. The ways in which local administrators came to terms with material resources show more complexity than the straightforward account of fiscal reform offered in dynastic histories.
Conference papers on the topic "Materia Medica - history"
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Burns, Karen, and Harriet Edquist. "Women, Media, Design, and Material Culture in Australia, 1870-1920." In The 38th Annual Conference of the Society of Architectural Historians Australia and New Zealand. SAHANZ, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.55939/a4017pbe75.
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Over the last forty years feminist historians have commented on the under-representation or marginalisation of women thinkers and makers in design, craft, and material culture. (Kirkham and Attfield, 1989; Attfield, 2000; Howard, 2000: Buckley, 1986; Buckley, 2020:). In response particular strategies have been developed to write women back into history. These methods expand the sites, objects and voices engaged in thinking about making and the space of the everyday world. The problem, however, is even more acute in Australia where we lack secondary histories of many design disciplines. With the notable exception of Julie Willis and Bronwyn Hanna (2001) or Burns and Edquist (1988) we have very few overview histories. This paper will examine women’s contribution to design thinking and making in Australia as a form of cultural history. It will explore the methods and challenges in developing a chronological and thematic history of women’s design making practice and design thinking in Australia from 1870 – 1920 where the subjects are not only designers but also journalists, novelists, exhibiters, and correspondents. We are interested in using media (exhibitions and print culture) as a prism: to examine how and where women spoke to design and making, what topics they addressed, and the ideas they formed to articulate the nexus between women, making and place.
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Seprina, Dina, Adelina Fitri, and M. Dody Izhar. "Relationship amoung Body Mass Index, History of Maternal Menarche and Exposure of Pornographic Media with Menarche Age in Elementary School Students, Jambi." In The 7th International Conference on Public Health 2020. Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.26911/the7thicph.03.46.
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ABSTRACT Background: Menstruation is the cyclic, orderly sloughing of the uterine lining, in response to the interactions of hormones produced by the hypothalamus, pituitary, and ovaries. Many factors influence the age of menarche, such as body mass index, history of maternal menarche and exposure to pornographic media. This study aimed to determine the relationship between body mass index, history of maternal and exposure to pornographic media with menarche age in elementary school students in Jambi City. Subject and Methods: This was a cross sectional study conducted at elementary school 207/ IV Jambi City, Indonesia. A sample of 74 students was purposively sampled. The dependent variable was age of menarche. The independent variables were body mass index (BMI), history of maternal menarche, and exposure to pornographic media. The data were collected by questionnaires, digital scales, and microtoise. Bivariate analysis was performed by Chi-Square. Results: Large body mass index (PR= 4.50; 95% CI= 0.40 to 51.29), history of early menarche (PR= 9.75; 95% CI= 3.35 to 28.36), and exposure to pornographic media (PR= 4.81; 95% CI= 1.74 to 13.29), accelerated age of menarche. Conclusion: Large body mass index, history of early menarche, and exposure to pornographic media, accelerate age of menarche. Keywords: Menarche, BMI, Pornography Media Correspondence: Adelina Fitri. Universitas Jambi. Jl. Lintas Jambi – Muara Bulian No. Km. 15, Mendalo Darat, Muaro Jambi Regency, Jambi, Indonesia. Email: adelinafitri@unja.ac.id. 081272030308. DOI: https://doi.org/10.26911/the7thicph.03.46
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Bediukh, I. A. "USING VIDEO MATERIALS IN THE LESSONS ON THE «HISTORY OF RUSSIAN CULTURE»." In Problems of linguistics and media communications. Amur State University, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.22250/wfda.2020.16.8.
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Parra Martínez, José. "Páginas de un desencuentro: Le Corbusier y L’Architecture d’Aujourd’hui (1930-65)." In LC2015 - Le Corbusier, 50 years later. Universitat Politècnica València, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/lc2015.2015.766.
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Resumen: Este trabajo aborda algunos de los hitos en la evolución de la comprometida relación que Le Corbusier y L’Architecture d’Aujourd’hui mantuvieron a lo largo de más de 30 años. Para ello se exploran las razones que explican la selección y el tratamiento de los materiales publicados por la revista, contrastándolos con documentos de archivo y la correspondencia conservada; se incide en los textos críticos y se ahonda en las condiciones de producción de aquellos números de la revista que ayudan a entender mejor esta parte fundamental de su historia. Abstract: This paper addresses some landmarks in the evolution of the complicated relation that Le Corbusier and L'Architecture d'Aujourd'hui maintained over more than 30 years. To do so, possible reasons for the selection and for the treatment of the published materials are explored; they are also checked with archival records and the evidences provided by the preserved correspondence; critical texts are examined, as well as, the context in which they produced those issues of the magazine that provide a better understanding of this crucial part of its history. Palabras clave: L’Architecture d’Aujourd’hui; confrontación Le Corbusier-André Bloc; decisiones editoriales; medios; synthèse des arts. Keywords: L’Architecture d’Aujourd’hui; Le Corbusier-André Bloc confrontation; editorial decisions; media; synthèse des arts. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/LC2015.2015.766
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Sihvola, A. "From complex media to metamaterials: Early history of the congress series." In 2013 7th International Congress on Advanced Electromagnetic Materials in Microwaves and Optics (METAMATERIALS 2013). IEEE, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/metamaterials.2013.6808954.
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"Case series: Breast and ovarian cancer syndrome." In 16th Annual International Conference RGCON. Thieme Medical and Scientific Publishers Private Ltd., 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0039-1685364.
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Aims and Objectives: To report a series of cases with breast and ovarian carcinomas either in same patient or in a family and identifying the importance of BRCA 1, 2 genetic testing in such individuals. Materials and Methods: The medical records of breast and ovarian cancer patients operated over past 3 years at a single institute were reviewed retrospectively and their clinical profile, family history, final pathological reports and follow up data was collected. Results: 8 patients were found to have breast and ovarian malignancies, out of which 3 had synchronous breast and ovarian cancers, 4 had metachronous and 1 patient with ovarian cancer had history of breast cancer in family. Median age of presentation to the hospital was 47 years and median time interval in metachronous disease patients was 5.5 years. Conclusion: About 5% of people who have breast cancer and about 10% of women who have ovarian cancer have HBOC, caused by germline mutation in BRCA 1, 2 gene. These individuals have increased risk of developing breast cancer at younger age, TNBC, or developing a second primary in breast or ovary plus an overall risk of breast/ovarian/prostate/pancreatic malignancies in other family members due to inheritable mutation. Identification of BRCA mutation in such individuals can help family members to undergo genetic counseling and follow different screening and prevention guidelines from general population thus reducing the cancer risks.
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"Case series: Breast and ovarian cancer syndrome." In 16th Annual International Conference RGCON. Thieme Medical and Scientific Publishers Private Ltd., 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0039-1685348.
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Aims and Objectives: To report a series of cases with breast and ovarian carcinomas either in same patient or in a family and identifying the importance of BRCA 1,2 genetic testing in such individuals. Materials and Methods: The medical records of breast and ovarian cancer patients operated over past 3 years at a single institute were reviewed retrospectively and their clinical profile, family history, final pathological reports and follow up data was collected. Results: 8 patients were found to have breast and ovarian malignancies, out of which 3 had synchronous breast and ovarian cancers, 4 had metachronous and 1 patient with ovarian cancer had history of breast cancer in family. Median age of presentation to the hospital was 47 years and median time interval in metachronous disease patients was 5.5 years. Conclusion: About 5% of people who have breast cancer and about 10% of women who have ovarian cancer have HBOC, caused by germline mutation in BRCA1, 2 gene. These individuals have increased risk of developing breast cancer at younger age, TNBC, or developing a second primary in breast or ovary plus an overall risk of breast/ovarian/prostate/pancreatic malignancies in other family members due to inheritable mutation. Identification of BRCA mutation in such individuals can help family members to undergo genetic counseling and follow different screening and prevention guidelines from general population thus reducing the cancer risks.
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Grant, Angus, and Peter Raisbeck. "A Selective Digital History: Limitations within Digitisation Practices and their Implications." In The 38th Annual Conference of the Society of Architectural Historians Australia and New Zealand. SAHANZ, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.55939/a4013phyct.
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The Greg Burgess Archive (GBA) is perhaps the most complete, and arguably the most valuable architectural practice archive in Australia. However, its physical size presents a problem to both visibility, and longevity, and plans are in place to digitise the collection. While in storage at Avington, Victoria, an archival team – including Burgess himself – have begun repairing the 447 models, scanning the hundreds of tubes of drawings, and extracting data from countless obsolete media. Yet how reasonable is it to assume the efficacy of a program of digitisation? What are the implications for an objective architectural historiography if the process fails? Precipitated by difficulties in accurately digitising Burgess’ intricate physical models, this piece explores both questions. Firstly, the digitisation process for the GBA acts as a case study. Then, the technical limitations encountered are placed within a wider context of archival concerns in today’s diverse, digital age. These archival concerns are recognised in the eliding of ephemeral archival material – bodies, experiences, spoken histories – all of which may elude Western archival frameworks. What is illustrated here is that the same underrepresentation may extend into digitised collections, and that what is omitted is precisely the contents of the GBA – intricate, tectonic objects which do not conform to the idiosyncrasies of the technology at hand. The subsequent discussion then proceeds to advance, and explicate, the notion of the third object. Curation, then, is surrendered to the archival process itself, and the agency to reify our material history is at risk of being left to the machines, and their preference for certain types of ethnocultural artifact. Considering this, alternative strategies are presented for both the GBA and institutions at large, yet archivists and historians must be conscious of these limitations, or risk the failings of traditional, institutional archival systems spreading throughout a growing digital landscape.
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Konh, Bardia. "Finite Element Studies of Triple Actuation of Shape Memory Alloy Wires for Surgical Tools." In 2018 Design of Medical Devices Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/dmd2018-6857.
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Since the early discovery in 1951 [1], shape memory alloys (SMAs) have been used in design and development of several innovative engineering systems. SMAs’ unique characteristics have introduced unconventional alternatives in design and development of advanced devices. SMA’s field of applications has covered many areas from aerospace to auto industries, and medical devices [2]. During the past couple of decades, scientists have suggested material models to predict the SMA’s shape memory effect (SME) and its superelastic behavior. The superelastic characteristic of SMAs (its capability to exhibit a large recoverable strain) has been widely used to develop innovative products including biomedical implants such as stents, artificial heart valves, orthodontic wires, frames of indestructible spectacles, etc. However, its actuation capabilities, known as SME, hasn’t been thoroughly expanded. The number of products privileging from SMA’s SME behavior has been very limited. The reason relies on the SMA’s complex material properties that depend on the stress, strain and temperature at every stage of actuation as well as the material’s processing and the thermomechanical loading history.
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Klocke, Fritz, Johannes Müller, Patrick Mattfeld, Jan Kukulies, and Robert H. Schmitt. "Integrative Technology and Inspection Planning: A Case Study in Medical Industry." In ASME 2017 12th International Manufacturing Science and Engineering Conference collocated with the JSME/ASME 2017 6th International Conference on Materials and Processing. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/msec2017-2755.
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In most trendsetting industries like the aerospace, automotive and medical industry functionally critical parts are of highest importance. Due to strict legal requirements regarding the securing of the functionality of high-risk parts, both production costs and quality costs contribute significantly to the manufacturing costs. Thus, both types of costs have to be taken into consideration during the stage of technology planning. Due to the high variety of potential interactions between individual component properties as well as between component properties and manufacturing processes, the analysis of the influence of the manufacturing history on an efficient design of inspection processes and inspection strategies is extremely complex. Furthermore, the effects of inspection strategies and quality costs on the planning of manufacturing process sequences cannot be modeled to date. As a consequence, manufacturing and inspection processes are designed separately and thus a high cost reduction potential remains untapped. In this paper a new approach for an integrative technology and inspection planning is presented and applied to a case study in medical industry. At first, existing approaches with regard to technology and inspection planning are reviewed. After a definition of relevant terms the case study is introduced. Following, an approach for an integrative technology and inspection planning is presented and applied to the case study. In the presented approach the complex causalities between technology planning, manufacturing history and inspection planning are considered to enable a cost-effective production process and inspection sequence design.
Reports on the topic "Materia Medica - history"
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Zhytaryuk, Marian. Ukraine in the international press in 1930 (on the materials of the Lviv newspaper «Dilo»). Ivan Franko National University of Lviv, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.30970/vjo.2022.51.11413.
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In the article of Professor Maryan Zhytaryuk, it is implemented the systematization of publications in the international press of 1930 about Ukraine on the materials of the Lviv newspaper «Dilo». Important political issues, in particular: Bolshevism in Soviet Ukraine, the massacre of the Ukrainian intelligentsia (Union for the Liberation of Ukraine), the interpretation of the «Ukrainian political problem» in European countries were singled out and generalized. The topicality of the article subject follows from the need to supplement the materials on the study of the «Ukrainian question», from the understanding that the interwar period, mainly in the 30s of the twentieth century, is a concentrated historical and political period, that is represented on newspaper and magazine columns. During the decade (30s of the twentieth century) – there were thousands of them. For example, in the newspaper «Dilo» only in the first three months of 1930 we can find more than 100 publications on international subjects. Therefore, the author narrowed the research materials to translated materials in the genres of press round-up, review, digest of publications in the foreign press. The purpose of the article is to focus on Ukrainian issues in the international press based on translations and comments on foreign publications in the newspaper «Dilo» in 1930. The task of the publication is to comprehend the identified texts in the context of geopolitical construction on the eve of World War II; to supplement the history of Ukrainian and foreign journalism and its source base. In the article the author uses the method of scientific study of primary sources found in the special funds of the Scientific Library of LNU. I. Franko, in particular, the bundles of the newspaper «Dilo» for 1930. 252 publications were processed, some of which - in several submissions. Based on scientific summarizing, 15 publications on political issues with the keyword «Ukraine» were selected on the basis of translated sources from foreign media (scientific research method). Actually with the purpose of understanding the raised issues (conceptual analysis) and of preparing some certain conclusions and generalizations (methods of synthesis, induction and deduction) the problem-thematic analysis was used.
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Fracica Naranjo, Carlos, Ricardo Rubiano Groot Román, Luis Gómez Vásquez, Jimmy Graziani Mora Alonso, and Wendy Cabezas Pico. Renacer del conflicto. Universidad Militar Nueva Granada, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18359/docinst.5836.
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Como un aporte académico sobre el acontecer nacional, la Universidad Militar Nueva Granada, a través de su Instituto de Estudios Geoestratégicos y Asuntos Políticos (IEGAP), se complace en publicar el libro titulado Renacer del conflicto. El presente documento de investigación, sustentado en valiosa información sobre el conflicto en Colombia, se convierte en referente de consulta sobre un tema de interés para la sociedad colombiana, la academia y, particularmente, nuestra Fuerza Pública. Esto en razón a que es un aspecto presente a lo largo de la historia nacional que, a pesar de los diversos intentos por encontrar una salida hacia su final y de los miles de víctimas que se le atribuyen, ha afectado y afecta durante generaciones enteras a nuestro país. Elementos históricos, coyunturales y de actualidad convergen a lo largo de los ocho capítulos que componen la presente publicación. En estos no solo se compilaron las apreciaciones fundamentadas de los autores, sino también las valoraciones académicas de analistas, investigadores y centros de pensamiento que hacen seguimiento al acontecer nacional. Sobre el desarrollo del libro es importante destacar la participación de diversos autores y disciplinas. Entre otros, se encuentran los valiosos aportes de señores generales del Ejército, la Fuerza Aérea y la Armada Nacional de Colombia, así como de profesionales en relaciones internacionales y estudios políticos, quienes actualmente realizan labores académicas en el IEGAP y, a través de visiones particulares sobre la situación del país, plasmaron su conocimiento en textos estructurados, con variedad y riqueza de pensamientos, lo cual es posible apreciar al avanzar en la lectura de cada capítulo. Como ente académico, uno de los objetivos de nuestra Universidad es alimentar a la sociedad que nos rodea y nos nutre, por medio del desarrollo de investigaciones como la que contiene este libro, a fin de que con estas se difunda ampliamente el conocimiento que contribuya a que Colombia alcance todos los potenciales que tiene como nación. Esperamos que los aportes académicos aquí depositados alimenten la reflexión nacional e internacional, de modo que trasciendan no solo a las aulas de clase de nuestra alma mater, sino más allá de ellas, e impacten así constructivamente en el logro de cumplir el interés nacional del Estado colombiano. Por último, la Universidad agradece de manera especial a nuestro rector, el señor brigadier general Ph. D. Luis Fernando Puentes Torres; al director del Instituto de Estudios Geoestratégicos y Asuntos Políticos, señor mayor general Gustavo Adolfo Ocampo Nahar, por sus incontables aportes a la consecución y el direccionamiento del presente documento; así como a todos aquellos funcionarios y asesores del IEGAP que abnegadamente contribuyeron, de diversas maneras, para que valiosos conocimientos se materializaran en un libro a disposición de todo aquel que considere su contenido de interés.
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Informe de gestión 2017-2020. Banco de la República de Colombia, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.32468/inf-gest.a17-20.
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Este documento reseña la gestión del Banco de la República entre 2017 y 2020, un período durante el cual el Banco logró consolidar una inflación baja y estable, con tasas de crecimiento cada vez más cercanas al potencial. A partir de marzo de 2020 se adoptaron políticas novedosas que lograron evitar una crisis profunda en medio de la pandemia del Coronavirus, un choque de enormes dimensiones para la humanidad. De otra parte, se tomaron medidas importantes tendientes a fortalecer la Administración del Banco, con un mayor control de los recursos financieros destinados a los distintos objetivos del Plan de Desarrollo. El Banco continúa siendo la institución estatal independiente que genera mayor confianza entre los colombianos por su transparencia, su ajuste a exigentes metas de resultados macroeconómicos y empresariales, y por el cumplimiento efectivo de las funciones de banca central y culturales encomendadas por la Constitución y la ley. RESUMEN EJECUTIVO La economía colombiana enfrentó en los últimos cuatro años algunos de los eventos que mayor impacto han tenido sobre su desempeño en más de un siglo. El precio internacional del petróleo cayó a menos de la tercera parte entre junio de 2014 y enero de 2016 y, nuevamente, entre septiembre de 2018 y abril de 2020; se presentaron frecuentes choques en el precio local de los alimentos, y la pandemia reciente ocasionó uno de los mayores desastres que ha padecido la humanidad en su historia. El Banco de la República (Banrep), sus directivos y empleados tuvieron que responder rápidamente a las nuevas circunstancias, un proceso que ha implicado grandes cambios en la forma como se han ejecutado y cumplido las funciones de la banca central y las del área cultural a cargo de la organización. De otra parte, el Plan Estratégico 2017-2021 sentó las bases para el nuevo programa de modernización del Banco, y en el presente Informe de gestión 2017-2020 se describen y analizan los retos enfrentados en el período y la forma en que se adaptó y modernizó la institución para hacerles frente. También se mencionan los principales desafíos que se avizoran hacia el futuro, con el fin de contribuir al diseño de los planes de la administración entrante. En este Resumen ejecutivo se presenta una síntesis del documento completo. En la sección II se hace un recuento de la situación económica de Colombia y el mundo en el cuatrienio reciente, y las medidas de política adoptadas por la Junta Directiva del Banco de la República (JDBR) para mantener la inflación baja y estable y contribuir a la recuperación del crecimiento de la economía. En la sección III se registran los avances y logros en los temas estratégicos del Plan Estratégico 2017-2021. En particular, se mencionan la política monetaria y de estabilidad financiera, la política cambiaria, la política de pagos, y otros temas relacionados con la eficiencia y eficacia en el Plan. La sección IV está dedicada a la gestión cultural, y en la sección V se describe la evolución de los temas de apoyo táctico para el logro de los objetivos del Plan: capital humano y cultura organizacional, tecnología e infraestructura; se incluye, además, un resumen de los avances en materia ambiental. En la sección VI se presentan los principales elementos de la respuesta del Banco ante la emergencia sanitaria del COVID-19. En la sección VII se describe el manejo de las reservas internacionales y se analizan el presupuesto y las utilidades del Banco. En la sección VIII se enuncian algunos desafíos futuros.