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Zarubin, Yu, M. Hunda, and P. Mamus. "Adaptation of the material balance of a gas deposit." JOURNAL OF HYDROCARBON POWER ENGINEERING 7, no. 2 (2020): 46–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.31471/2311-1399-2020-2(14)-46-53.
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The aim of the researching is to study the application of the material balance method with modern technologies to create a useful gas reservoir model with water influx. The basic equations of material balance are analyzed taking into account the Mendeleev-Clapeyron law for gases. The analysis was performed taking into account the water influx component according to Fetkovich's equations. The paper highlights the problems of identifying the parameters of the material balance model as material balance model doesn’t include the geological structure of deposits. The calculation was done by material balance models created on Mathcad and VBA Excel. The analysis and examples given in the article testify to the expediency of applying the method of material balance with VBA Excel to clarify gas reserves, including those with a water-driven or mixed mode of development and obtain an adequate model of the reservoir.
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Sidelnikov, K. A., and R. V. Faizullin. "Fuzzy material balance method to model hydrocarbon field development." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 1703 (December 2020): 012028. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1703/1/012028.
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Yildiz, Turhan, and Ahmedreza Khosravi. "An Analytical Bottomwaterdrive Aquifer Model for Material-Balance Analysis." SPE Reservoir Evaluation & Engineering 10, no. 06 (2007): 618–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/103283-pa.
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Kouřilová, J., and J. Sedláček. "Environmental accounting and the FADN as a basis of model for detecting the material flow cost accounting." Agricultural Economics (Zemědělská ekonomika) 60, No. 9 (2014): 420–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/79/2013-agricecon.
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The quality of the reported accounting data and the way these data are used are becoming more and more risky aspects of business management. Many instruments are already used to identify the creative accounting and the frauds and new ones are still being searched for. One of the suitable approaches is the use of the database Farm Accountancy Data Network (FAND) and environmental indicators. Monitoring of material balances and wastes in the form of environmental costs and also parts of the material balances can be a basis for the creation of the model for the detection of the material flow cost accounting. The model uses other balance areas as well: financial, energy-related and legislative. The paper presents a proposal of the model and its possible use for the discussion. The proposed model was applied to the real conditions of two real production companies with trading activities. Its strengths and weaknesses are evaluated.  
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Carpenter, Chris. "Forecasting Technique Bridges Gap Between Material Balance and Reservoir Simulation." Journal of Petroleum Technology 74, no. 07 (2022): 49–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/0722-0049-jpt.
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This article, written by JPT Technology Editor Chris Carpenter, contains highlights of paper SPE 203941, “Bridging the Gap Between Material Balance and Reservoir Simulation for History Matching and Probabilistic Forecasting Using Machine Learning,” by Nigel H. Goodwin, Essence Analytics. The paper has not been peer reviewed. Currently, building and maintaining a reservoir simulation model is the bottleneck for reservoir decision support. In this paper, the authors describe an approach for creating a digital twin that is informed by the data itself based on established physics modeling and uses a fully probabilistic Bayesian approach. Statistical Time-Series Modeling and Physics Models Differences Between Statistical Models and Physics Models. The statistical model includes an error term for each timestep. In practice, this means that the predicted fit to historic data is very good and the error terms are small, but forecasting can have a major funneling effect. Many methods exist for forecasting of statistical models, but the increasing uncertainty of prediction over time, and the large magnitude of uncertainty, is a common feature. The error term implies a future random walk behavior. When forecasting, multiple single-step integrations are being performed in which each step has its own error. Where known values of exogenous variables exist in the future, prediction uncertainty can be greatly ameliorated. In contrast, the differential algebraic equations (DAE) for a physical model have no error term for each timestep. Each time the model is run with the same parameter values, the same results are obtained. The error in reservoir simulation lies in measurement error and model error. Errors exist in individual historical measurements (or maybe systemic errors), and the model and its parameters are known to be wrong. For forecasting, a range of models and model parameter values are used—ideally, based around a robust Monte Carlo approach. An ensemble of forecasts can then be generated that represent uncertainty.
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Suwasono, Bagiyo, Mochammad Rizky Darmawan, and Intan Baroroh. "Material Effectiveness Model for the Construction of Aluminum Hull." Kapal: Jurnal Ilmu Pengetahuan dan Teknologi Kelautan 18, no. 1 (2020): 18–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/kapal.v18i1.29974.
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Construction of a hull generally requires several plates and profile material. Early indications for shipbuilding indicate that in manner, the linear function approach for installed material was 75% to 90%, and waste material was 10% to 25%. This study is conducting an assessment of the area of installed material and waste material on small vessels made of aluminum with variations in ship length and the method of approach trend lines both linear and nonlinear. Secondary data retrieval in the form of an aluminum cutting plan for plate material and profile from the AutoCAD application, which is then reprocessed through the FastCAM application to obtain results in the form of identification of installed material and waste material area. Based on variations in ship length and material area results, a scatter plot process was carried out through the Excel application to obtain results in the form of trend line functions with an R-squared determination coefficient of more than 0.9 and the results of the calculation of the intersection between the function of installed material and waste material, and the waste material function with the x-axis uses the balance method. The final result showed that the linear function gives an indication of the effectiveness of the material located in the range of 6 to 23 meters in length of the boat and polynomial function of order 2 in the range of 6 to 18 meters in length, while the waste material area in the two functions maximum 22%.
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Li, Ming-zhou, Jie-min Zhou, Chang-ren Tong, Wen-hai Zhang, and He-song Li. "Mathematical model of whole-process calculation for bottom-blowing copper smelting." Metallurgical Research & Technology 115, no. 1 (2017): 107. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/metal/2017078.
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The distribution law of materials in smelting products is key to cost accounting and contaminant control. Regardless, the distribution law is difficult to determine quickly and accurately by mere sampling and analysis. Mathematical models for material and heat balance in bottom-blowing smelting, converting, anode furnace refining, and electrolytic refining were established based on the principles of material (element) conservation, energy conservation, and control index constraint in copper bottom-blowing smelting. Simulation of the entire process of bottom-blowing copper smelting was established using a self-developed MetCal software platform. A whole-process simulation for an enterprise in China was then conducted. Results indicated that the quantity and composition information of unknown materials, as well as heat balance information, can be quickly calculated using the model. Comparison of production data revealed that the model can basically reflect the distribution law of the materials in bottom-blowing copper smelting. This finding provides theoretical guidance for mastering the performance of the entire process.
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Mader, M. J., C. W. Walton, and R. E. White. "Parallel Plate Electrochemical Reactor Model: Material Balance Closure and a Simplification." Journal of The Electrochemical Society 133, no. 6 (1986): 1124–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/1.2108798.
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Chionov, Anton M., Artur A. Amerkhanov, and Andrey V. Kudritsky. "Stochastic model of material balance for leak detection in oil pipelines." SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGIES OIL AND OIL PRODUCTS PIPELINE TRANSPORTATION 9, no. 6 (2019): 633–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.28999/2541-9595-2019-9-6-633-639.
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Toropov, E., and L. Lymbina. "DIGITAL MODEL OF BOILER HEAT BALANCE." Bulletin of the South Ural State University series "Power Engineering" 21, no. 3 (2021): 14–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.14529/power210302.
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The normative method (NM) of boilers thermal calculation, repeatedly confirmed and refined, contains the structure of ideas and methods that were retained and adapted during the transition to digital technologies. As applied to the analysis of the heat balance of a boiler with flare furnaces, this required the transformation of a large array of initial and reference data, which cannot be applied unchanged when using a computer. This applies to graphical and tabular data, which form up to 80 % of the volume of NM. To obtain the correlation dependences, the authors use a simple and reliable method of unknown coefficients with the inclusion of a verification algorithm, in the case of equidistant arguments these are the Gregory-Newton coefficients. As shown by a preliminary analysis, for almost all dependencies a polynomial of the second degreesometimes replaced by two polynomials is sufficient. By varying the determining factors in the range of nominal values ±20 %, the model response was obtained in the form of a change in fuel consumption. Quantitatively, all material corre-sponds to the normative data, is presented in digital format and methodically corresponds to the Mathcad-15 package. In contrast to the well-known works in this area, all factors affecting the heat balance are represented by approximations taking into account the variability of temperature and pressure.
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Pekár, Gyula. "Simple basic model for concrete and its application Part 3. Factors aff ecting consistency, material balance equations and mix design." Epitoanyag - Journal of Silicate Based and Composite Materials 65, no. 4 (2013): 118–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.14382/epitoanyag-jsbcm.2013.22.
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Durdán, Milan, Ján Terpák, Ján Kačur, Marek Laciak, and Patrik Flegner. "MODELING OF MATERIAL BALANCE FROM THE EXPERIMENTAL UCG." Acta Polytechnica 60, no. 5 (2020): 391–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.14311/ap.2020.60.0391.
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The underground coal gasification is a continually evolving technology, which converts coal to calorific gas. There are many important parameters in this technology, which are difficult to measure. These parameters include the underground cavity growth, amount gasified coal, and the leakage of input and output gaseous components into the surrounding layers during the coal gasification process. Mathematical modeling of this process is one of the possible alternatives for determining these unknown parameters. In this paper, the structure of the mathematical model of laboratory underground coal gasification process from the material balance aspect is presented. The material balance consists of mass components entering and leaving from the UCG process. The paper shows a material balance in the form of a general mass balance and atomic species balance. The material balance was testing by six UCG laboratory experiments, which were realized in two ex-situ reactors.
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Hadoush, Ashraf, Hasan Demirkoparan, and Thomas J. Pence. "A constitutive model for an internally balanced compressible elastic material." Mathematics and Mechanics of Solids 22, no. 3 (2016): 372–400. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1081286515594657.
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Many large deformation constitutive models for the mechanical behavior of solid materials make use of the multiplicative decomposition [Formula: see text] as, for example, used by Kröner in the context of finite-strain plasticity. Then [Formula: see text] describes the elastic effect by letting the potential energy of the deformation depend upon [Formula: see text]. In this paper we allow the potential energy to depend upon both portions of the multiplicative decomposition. As in hyperelasticity, energy minimization with respect to displacement gives equilibrium field equations and traction boundary conditions. The new feature, minimization with respect to the decomposition itself, generates an additional mathematical requirement that is interpreted here in terms of a principle of internal mechanical balance. We specifically consider a Blatz–Ko-type solid suitably generalized to incorporate the notion of internal balance. Conventional results of hyperelasticity are retrieved for certain limiting forms of the energy density, whereas the general form of the energy density gives rise to an overall softening response, as is demonstrated in the context of pure pressure and uniaxial loading.
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Sidelnikov, Konstantin A., Vyacheslav P. Tsepelev, and Aleksandr Ya Kolida. "Optimization model of material balance for reservoir energy survey analysis and control." PROneft’. Proffessional’no o nefti 6, no. 3 (2021): 97–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.51890/2587-7399-2021-6-3-97-102.
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Introduction. When monitoring the development of hydrocarbon fields, the energy state of the reservoirs is monitored. An inaccurate understanding of the current distribution of reservoir pressure leads to the wrong strategy for the development of residual oil reserves. Isobar maps are constructed to assess reservoir pressure for productive formation. The simplest and most common method of map generation (by interpolating the values of the measurements) has a high sensitivity to the coverage of the well stock by well tests and does not take into account the dynamics and compensation of fluid withdrawals. To eliminate these shortcomings, it is proposed to use the method of multi-tank material balance. Objectives. The purpose of the work is to show the possibility of using the multi-tank material balance method (MMB) to reduce the risks related to low current reservoir pressure at the stage of well workover planning under conditions of limitations on the number and duration of well tests and taking into account the history of production / injection, as well as to predict the dynamics of reservoir pressure in the drainage area. Methods. In the MMB model, for each well, its own block (tank) is specified, for which the mathematical balance equation is drawn up, taking into account the crossflow between the blocks. The transmissibility values are obtained iteratively by numerically solving the problem of minimizing the loss function of the discrepancy between the calculated reservoir and bottom hole pressures and their actual values. Results. The paper provides examples of good convergence of the calculated pressures by the MMB method to the actual build-up test results at the wells of the Ural-Volga fields. The possibility of predictive calculations to optimize the reservoir pressure maintenance system is shown. The practical advantages of the method are: relative simplicity of model, automated adjustment of interblock transmissibility. Discussion. The field of application of the MMB method is determined by the tasks in which it is necessary to determine the reservoir pressure in conditions of a lack of fresh measurements. The MMB methodology is applicable to assess reservoir pressure in order to remove risks before well workovers, as well as to predict the optimization of the reservoir pressure maintenance system.
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Sidelnikov, Konstantin A., Vyacheslav P. Tsepelev, and Aleksandr Ya Kolida. "Optimization model of material balance for reservoir energy survey analysis and control." PROneft’. Proffessional’no o nefti 6, no. 3 (2021): 97–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.51890/2587-7399-2021-6-3-97-102.
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Introduction. When monitoring the development of hydrocarbon fields, the energy state of the reservoirs is monitored. An inaccurate understanding of the current distribution of reservoir pressure leads to the wrong strategy for the development of residual oil reserves. Isobar maps are constructed to assess reservoir pressure for productive formation. The simplest and most common method of map generation (by interpolating the values of the measurements) has a high sensitivity to the coverage of the well stock by well tests and does not take into account the dynamics and compensation of fluid withdrawals. To eliminate these shortcomings, it is proposed to use the method of multi-tank material balance. Objectives. The purpose of the work is to show the possibility of using the multi-tank material balance method (MMB) to reduce the risks related to low current reservoir pressure at the stage of well workover planning under conditions of limitations on the number and duration of well tests and taking into account the history of production / injection, as well as to predict the dynamics of reservoir pressure in the drainage area. Methods. In the MMB model, for each well, its own block (tank) is specified, for which the mathematical balance equation is drawn up, taking into account the crossflow between the blocks. The transmissibility values are obtained iteratively by numerically solving the problem of minimizing the loss function of the discrepancy between the calculated reservoir and bottom hole pressures and their actual values. Results. The paper provides examples of good convergence of the calculated pressures by the MMB method to the actual build-up test results at the wells of the Ural-Volga fields. The possibility of predictive calculations to optimize the reservoir pressure maintenance system is shown. The practical advantages of the method are: relative simplicity of model, automated adjustment of interblock transmissibility. Discussion. The field of application of the MMB method is determined by the tasks in which it is necessary to determine the reservoir pressure in conditions of a lack of fresh measurements. The MMB methodology is applicable to assess reservoir pressure in order to remove risks before well workovers, as well as to predict the optimization of the reservoir pressure maintenance system.
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Wang, Yazhen, Liya L. Regel, and William R. Wilcox. "Approximate material-balance solution to the moving meniscus model of detached solidification." Journal of Crystal Growth 243, no. 3-4 (2002): 546–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0022-0248(02)01557-9.
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Pletcher, J. L. "Improvements to Reservoir Material-Balance Methods." SPE Reservoir Evaluation & Engineering 5, no. 01 (2002): 49–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/75354-pa.
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Summary Experience with material-balance data sets from the field and from simulation has revealed some procedures that can be used to improve analysis of both oil and gas reservoirs:Failure to account for a weak waterdrive can result in significant material-balance errors.The assertion of previous authors that weak waterdrive exhibits a negative slope on the Cole (gas) and Campbell (oil) plots has been confirmed. A weak waterdrive is much more unambiguous on these plots than on commonly used plots, such as the p/z plot for gas.A modified version of the Cole plot is proposed to account for formation compressibility.The reservoir drive indices are a useful tool for determining the correctness of the material-balance solution because they must sum to unity. The drive indices should never be normalized to sum to unity because this obscures their usefulness and leads to a false sense of security.A modified version of the Roach plot (for gas) is proposed that improves interpretation in some waterdrive situations.Material balance has not been replaced by reservoir simulation; rather, it is complementary to simulation and can provide valuable insights to reservoir performance that cannot be obtained by simulation. Introduction Classical material balance is one of the fundamental tools of reservoir engineering. Many authors have addressed the difficult problem of solving the material balance in the presence of a waterdrive (Refs. 1 through 5 are just a few of the more significant ones). The emphasis in the literature has been on strong and moderate waterdrives. In this paper, examples of weak waterdrives are shown in which the effects on the material balance are significant. All aquifers studied here are of the "pot aquifer" type, which is time-independent. In gas reservoirs, the plot of p/z vs. cumulative gas production, Gp, is a widely accepted method for solving the gas material balance1 under depletion-drive conditions. Extrapolation of the plot to atmospheric pressure provides a reliable estimate of original gas in place (OGIP). If a waterdrive is present, the plot often appears to be linear, but the extrapolation will give an erroneously high value for OGIP. Many authors have addressed this problem (including those in Refs. 2 and 5 through 8), especially in cases of strong or moderate waterdrives. The p/z plot is actually more ambiguous in weak waterdrives than in strong or moderate ones. The Cole plot7,9 has proven to be a valuable diagnostic tool for distinguishing between depletion-drive gas reservoirs and those that are producing under a waterdrive. The analogous plot for oil reservoirs is the Campbell plot.10 The literature has emphasized strong and moderate waterdrives, the signature shapes of which are a positive slope and a hump-shaped curve, respectively, on these plots. Previous authors have recognized that weak waterdrives can produce negative slopes on these two diagnostic plots, but this author is not aware of any example plots in the literature. This paper shows examples, using simulation and actual field data, wherein a negative slope clearly reveals a weak waterdrive. These plots are much more diagnostic than the p/z plot. Once a weak waterdrive has been diagnosed, the appropriate steps can be taken in the material-balance equations to yield more accurate results. The Cole plot assumes that formation compressibility can be neglected, which is frequently the case with gas. However, in those reservoirs in which formation compressibility is significant, a modification to the Cole plot is presented that incorporates formation compressibility and gives more accurate results. The reservoir drive indices have been used to quantify the relative magnitude of the various energy sources active in a reservoir. It is shown here that the drive indices are also a useful diagnostic tool for determining the correctness of a material balance solution because they must sum to unity. If they do not sum to unity, a correct solution has not been obtained. In some commercial material-balance software, the drive indices are automatically normalized to sum to unity, which not only obscures their usefulness but also leads to the false impression of having achieved a correct solution. The Roach plot has been presented11 as a tool for solving the gas material balance when formation compressibility is unknown, with or without the presence of waterdrive. This paper shows that for waterdrives that fit the small pot aquifer model, incorporating cumulative water production into the x-axis plotting term improves the linearity of the Roach plot and gives more accurate values for OGIP. Finally, it is argued that even in those reservoirs for which a simulation study is performed, classical material-balance evaluation should be performed on a stand-alone basis. Simulation should not be viewed as a replacement for material balance because the latter can yield valuable insights that can be obscured during simulation. Performing a separate material balance study usually will improve overall reservoir understanding and enhance any subsequent simulation study. Material balance should be viewed as a complement to simulation, not as a competing approach. In this paper, formation compressibility, cf, is assumed to be constant and unchanging over the reservoir life under investigation. References are given for recommended methods to be used in those cases in which cf is variable.
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Song, Feng Lian, Quan Liu, Wen Hong Wu, and Wen Yong Yang. "The Calculation Method of Earth-Rock Allocation Balance and its Application for the Pumped Storage Hydropower Construction." Applied Mechanics and Materials 229-231 (November 2012): 602–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.229-231.602.
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There is a large number of excavation and filling in the construction of pumped-storage power station, and the filling materials are from the excavated materials. The construction planning is limited by the space, time and quantity, order, and its procedure directly affects the construction schedule. Based on relationships analysis of construction schedule and material quality, quantity and its balance, the spatial coordination of excavation, embankment partition and construction safety distance, three models are established which are excavation volume calculation model, the processing logic model and the excavate-transport-fill analysis model of earth-rock . Also, the dynamic balance and allocation of earth-rock for the main work construction are realized. The case analysis shows that this study will contribute to the management efficiency of project construction.
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Chen, Yazhe, and Hongliang Yao. "Mechanism study of ultrasonic-assisted screening of fine powder materials." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2369, no. 1 (2022): 012016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2369/1/012016.
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The strong adsorption characteristics of fine power materials give rise to problems such as material conglomeration, blockage of sieve mesh and low process efficiency during screening, thus necessitating studies on processes like ultrasonic-assisted powder materials screening. In this study, based on the Derjaguin-Landau-Verwey-Overbeek theory, an energy balance model that takes into account the viscous force and ultrasonic vibration energy was first established; secondly, the force balance model was established as the breaking up of aggregates due to collisions between them during screening depends on the balance of forces on the aggregates; thirdly, the process of particle agglomeration and dispersion was studied via EDEM simulation; finally, the results of the experiment were used to verify the mechanism by which the ultrasonic auxiliary prevents material agglomeration and adsorption. The results showed that ultrasonic vibration can effectively scatter the particles, and improve the screening efficiency.
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DOLFIN, M., M. FRANCAVIGLIA, S. PRESTON, and L. RESTUCCIA. "MATERIAL ELEMENT MODEL AND THE GEOMETRY OF THE ENTROPY FORM." International Journal of Geometric Methods in Modern Physics 07, no. 06 (2010): 1021–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219887810004695.
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In this work we analyze and compare the model of the material (elastic) element and the entropy form developed by Coleman and Owen with that one obtained by localizing the balance equations of the continuum thermodynamics. This comparison allows one to determine the relation between the entropy function S of Coleman–Owen and that one imported from the continuum thermodynamics. We introduce the Extended Thermodynamical Phase Space (ETPS) [Formula: see text] and realize the energy and entropy balance expressions as 1-forms in this space. This allows us to realizes I and II laws of thermodynamics as conditions on these forms. We study the integrability (closure) conditions of the entropy form for the model of thermoelastic element and for the deformable ferroelectric crystal element. In both cases closure conditions are used to rewrite the dynamical system of the model in term of the entropy form potential and to determine the constitutive relations among the dynamical variables of the model. In a related study (to be published) these results will be used for the formulation of the dynamical model of a material element in the contact thermodynamical phase space of Caratheodory and Hermann similar to that of homogeneous thermodynamics.
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Carpenter, Chris. "Material-Balance Method With Static Modeling Helps Generate Reliable Forecasting." Journal of Petroleum Technology 74, no. 04 (2022): 85–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/0422-0085-jpt.
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This article, written by JPT Technology Editor Chris Carpenter, contains highlights of paper SPE 207933, “The Integration of Analytical P/Z Material-Balance Method With Static Modeling and Integrated Asset Model To Generate Reliable Forecasting for a Giant Onshore Gas Field in Abu Dhabi,” by Bondan Bernadi, Yuni Budi Pramudyo, and Fatima Omar Alawadhi, ADNOC, et al. The paper has not been peer reviewed. Reliable field gas initially in place (FGIIP) estimation is achieved by performing multiple reservoir-pressure/gas-compressibility (P/Z) calculations. Several scenarios are developed in the complete paper by defining key areas based on permeability variation, areal distribution, and pressure/volume/temperature (PVT) behavior. The best FGIIP estimation is then fed back into the static model to generate numerous realizations considering the static uncertainties to produce the same FGIIP. A giant onshore gas field is highly heterogeneous, with permeability, lateral composition variation, and dynamic interaction between wells. Incorporating the correct estimation of FGIIP into the integrated asset model (IAM) has helped yield reliable forecasting and has enabled more-efficient field development. Introduction Reservoir A produces onshore from a limestone formation in the lower cretaceous horizon. The structure is a simple dome that is somewhat steeper on the eastern flank, with two extended noses in the south and southeast directions. The total thickness of this zone decreases down the flanks but more rapidly in the northeast direction. Formation porosity is in the range of 10 to 25%, with a permeability range of 0.5 to 88 md. The original reservoir pressure is approximately 4,300 psia, with a reservoir temperature of 260°F. The field has been producing in depletion mode for more than 30 years, flowing into one common surface network with other depletion reservoirs. More than 100 wells had been drilled in the gas-cap zone, with an average gas-production rate of 15–20 MMscf/D per well. Because of the depletion scheme applied since the beginning of field life, gas-production decline is inevitable. The focus of the complete paper mainly relates to the gas-cap zone.
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Deng, Zhiyong, Lei Ding, Hengrong Zhang, Wei Tan, and Wei Yuan. "Assessment of residual oil saturation with time-differentiated variable multiple material balance model." Energy Geoscience 3, no. 1 (2022): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.engeos.2021.08.004.
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Malvi, C. S., D. W. Dixon-Hardy, and R. Crook. "Energy balance model of combined photovoltaic solar-thermal system incorporating phase change material." Solar Energy 85, no. 7 (2011): 1440–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.solener.2011.03.027.
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PANOSKALTSIS, VASSILIS P., and DIMITRIS SOLDATOS. "A PHENOMENOLOGICAL CONSTITUTIVE MODEL OF NON-CONVENTIONAL ELASTIC RESPONSE." International Journal of Applied Mechanics 05, no. 04 (2013): 1350036. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1758825113500361.
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In this paper, a general model of elastic (non-dissipative) behavior is developed. This model belongs to a class of models, developed for the description of complex bodies, in which the local state is assumed to be determined not only by the deformation, but also by a family of additional material parameters. The latter, unlike some additional structures used in the mechanics of complex bodies (e.g., directors, order parameters, internal degrees of freedom), are not considered as interactions of microscopic nature; rather they are considered as variables of macroscopic nature that describe the internal structure of the material, while their rates describe the evolution of the internal structure in the course of deformation. Accordingly, these variables are assumed to evolve continuously with time in a manner that guaranties the reversibility of the applied dynamical process. A covariant theory for the continuum in question is derived by means of invariance properties of the global form of the spatial energy balance equation, under the superposition of arbitrary spatial diffeomorphisms. In particular, it is shown that the assumption of spatial covariance of the equation of balance of energy yields the standard conservation and balance laws of classical mechanics but it does not yield the standard Doyle–Ericksen formula. In fact, the "Doyle–Ericksen formula" derived in this work, has some extra terms in it, which are related directly to the internal structure of the material, as the latter is controlled by the additional parameters. In a similar manner, by assuming the absolute temperature as an additional state variable and by employing the invariance properties of the local form of the spatial balance of energy under superimposed spatial diffeomorphisms, which also include a temperature rescaling, a nonisothermal covariant constitutive theory is naturally obtained. A formal comparison of the proposed elastic material with the standard hyperelastic (Green elastic) solid is also presented.
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Gafarov, M. F., A. V. Senin, and E. A. Gafarova. "Modeling of Material and Heat Balance of Ferromanganese Blast Furnace Smelting Using Computer Environment Lazarus." Materials Science Forum 946 (February 2019): 411–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.946.411.
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A mathematical model of the overall material and thermal balance of the ferromanganese smelting in blast furnaces of JSC "Satka Iron Smelting Works" is presented. Completeness of chemical reactions was taken into account in calculations based on thermodynamic analysis and technological data. Data on the thermochemical properties of substances; on the thermal effects of chemical reactions; on the degree of carbon graphitization in coke; on the heats of formation of metallic and slag solutions; on the thermochemical characteristics of ferromanganese, slag and gas phase were systematized and corrected. Heat losses for a particular type of blast furnaces are taken into account. The mathematical model is implemented in the computer program environment Lazarus. Test calculations of material and heat balances of ferromanganese blast furnace smelting were carried out. The calculation results correspond to the technological data. The developed software allows you to manage quickly the production process, to predict the optimal composition of charge materials for obtaining a product of a specific composition without experimental smelting. The software is used in the "consultant" mode at the JSC "Satka Iron Smelting Works".
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Luonsi, A., S. Lento, S. Halttunen, and K. Ala-Kaila. "The role of organic matter lost in kraft pulping material balances." Water Science and Technology 47, no. 10 (2003): 61–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2003.0539.
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Efficiency improvement in a pulp mill includes minimisation of environmental discharges simultaneously with the development of pulp quality and production economy. Material balances in production processes, including fate of sidestreams, are key in proceeding these matters. Different approaches of determining the material balances increase understanding of process behaviour. We have focused on measuring sidestream (carryovers, washing water, filtrate) dissolved organic matter (DOM) in fibreline unit process blocks of softwood ECF bleached kraft production. The DOM was analysed by traditional wastewater methods (volatile solids, organic carbon, chemical oxygen demand). The measured data was combined with primarily simulated water balances and routine operational mill data in a simulation model. From this balance, yield estimate included, lost organic matter through complete degradation (CD) and volatile organic compounds (VOC) can be calculated throughout the fibreline. The sensitivity of this considerable amount (23-35 kgDVS/adt in total) to various factors is discussed in this paper.
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Rubin, M. B. "A Bernoulli equation for potential flow of incompressible materials with an inherent material characteristic length." Proceedings of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences 469, no. 2151 (2013): 20120641. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspa.2012.0641.
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A general simple continua can be enhanced by constitutive equations which depend on the acceleration and velocity gradients to model the effects of a material characteristic length. This paper shows that for irrotational flows of a class of incompressible materials this model yields a Bernoulli equation. Consequently, for this class of materials and flows, it is possible to satisfy the balance of linear momentum exactly, including the effect of a material characteristic length which introduces size dependence of solutions. An example of a rigid circular cylinder moving through an inviscid fluid is considered to demonstrate dependence of the motion on the size of the cylinder.
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Kouřilová, Jindřiška, and Dana Plevková. "DMFCA Model as a Possible Way to Detect Creative Accounting and Accounting Fraud in an Enterprise." Financial Assets and Investing 4, no. 2 (2013): 14–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.5817/fai2013-2-2.
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The quality of reported accounting data as well as the quality and behaviour of their users influence the efficiency of an enterprise’s management. Its assessment could therefore be changed as well. To identify creative accounting and fraud, several methods and tools were used. In this paper we would like to present our proposal of the DMFCA (Detection model Material Flow Cost Accounting) balance model based on environmental accounting and the MFCA (Material Flow Cost Accounting) as its method. The following balance areas are included
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Miller, Laura, and Raimondo Penta. "Homogenized Balance Equations for Nonlinear Poroelastic Composites." Applied Sciences 11, no. 14 (2021): 6611. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11146611.
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Within this work, we upscale the equations that describe the pore-scale behaviour of nonlinear porous elastic composites, using the asymptotic homogenization technique in order to derive the macroscale effective governing equations. A porous hyperelastic composite can be thought of as being comprised of a matrix interacting with a number of subphases and percolated by a fluid flowing in the pores (which is chosen to be Newtonian and incompressible here). A general nonlinear macroscale model is derived and is then specified for a particular choice of strain energy function, namely the de Saint-Venant function. This leads to a macroscale system of PDEs, which is of poroelastic type with additional terms and transformations to account for the nonlinear behaviour of the material. Our new porohyperelastic-type model describes the effective behaviour of nonlinear porous composites by prescribing the stress balance equations, the conservation of mass and Darcy’s law. The coefficients of these macroscale equations encode the detailed microstructure of the material and are to be found by solving pore-scale differential problems. The model reduces to the following limit cases of (a) linear poroelastic composites when the deformation gradient approaches the identity, (b) nonlinear composites when there are no pores and (c) nonlinear poroelasticity when only the matrix–fluid interaction is considered. This model is applicable when the interactions between various hyperelastic solid phases occur at the pore-scale, as in biological tissues such as artery walls, the myocardium, lungs and liver.
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Samkov, T. "Production balance of the regional economy." Herald of the Siberian State University of Telecommunications and Informatics, no. 2 (June 18, 2021): 27–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.55648/1998-6920-2021-15-2-27-47.
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The article is devoted to the creation of the material block of the Leontief input-output model. Its purpose is to reflect the activities of both production and trade enterprises, i.e., objects that create real GDP within each region of a particular territorial entity (including the entire economy of the Russian Federation). This activity involves the production/import of products on the territory of the region by all industries and its distribution among both manufacturing and commercial enterprises to ensure their functioning. In addition to displaying the trade part of these commodity flows, the novelty of the model is to take into account public procurement, the use, along with the standards of specific consumption of material resources/goods not only in production but also in trade. Formal relationships have also been developed between investment in scientific and technical development and the growth/reduction of resource costs for the production/sale of a unit of production. The model indicators are made up of parts - contributions from production and trade while having a multi-aspect representation, data sets of which are formed by annual, regional and industry sections, decomposed respectively into months, districts and corporations. This allows you to generate the necessary time series for calculations using hypercube data technology and implement them using 4GL generation languages. The model has relations that determine the desired values of its variable parameters based on economic growth including the saturation of the regional market with the products of the industry, an indicator of which is its consumption by the service sector. This indicator is greater than zero in the case of covering the needs of all other economic entities in the region and less than or equal to zero otherwise.
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Contreras-Dioses, Oscar, Lady Quezada-Correa, Edisson Quezada-Correa, and Fabián Cuenca-Mayorga. "Ecuación modelo operacional con aplicación de balance de materia en estado no estacionario.// Operational model equation applying material balance in a non-stationary state." CIENCIA UNEMI 11, no. 28 (2018): 33–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.29076/issn.2528-7737vol11iss28.2018pp33-40p.
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La investigación tuvo como objetivo principal determinar la ecuación modelo operacional aplicando el principio de balance de materia en estado no estacionario. Para la representación del proceso se utilizó un tanque con agua el cual simulada el caudal de entrada al tanque que contenía una solución concentrada de 33° Brix, y de este se desprendía un caudal de salida a un tercer tanque. Las muestras se recolectaron del caudal de salida del segundo tanque en un rango de tiempo de 30 segundos, obteniendo un total de 20 muestras, luego se evaluó su concentración en °Brix analizando en el laboratorio. En la parte operacional se aplica un balance de materia en estado estacionario donde se determinó la ecuación modelo donde al aplicar el tiempo en el cual se recolecto la muestra se determinaba su concentración en °Brix. Se analizó los datos arrojados por análisis de laboratorio y los obtenidos por aplicación de la ecuación modelo en el programa estadístico Statgraphics Centurion XVI.I, el cual determino que no existió diferencia significativa entre cada uno de los datos estudiados. La ecuación modelo establecida para determinación de la concentración de una sustancia resulto útil en al investigación y para su aplicación en futuros estudios. AbstractThe aim of the present research work was to determine mathematical model of the operational equation applying non-stationary state material balance principle. A tank filled with water was used for the representation of the mechanical process, which simulated an input flow to a tank containing a 33° Brix sucrose concentrated solution, from where an output flow to a third tank was released. The samples were collected from the second tank output flow in time ranges of thirty seconds; a total number of twenty samples were obtained. For each sample, concentration in means of °Brix, was registered in laboratory facilities. In the operational part of the present research, a material balance in non-stationary state was utilized. The model equation for the previously mentioned state, where applying time when a sample was collected and its concentration by means of °Brix, was determined. Obtained data from laboratory analysis and from the model equation application were analyzed with statistical package Statgraphics Centurion XVI.I version XVI 16.1.18. For each data set compared, no significant differences were found. The established model equation for the determination of the concentration of a substance was useful in this investigation and it can be used in further research works.
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Makihara, Takeshi, Masataka Sakane, Hiroshi Noguchi та Masashi Yamazaki. "The Balance between Bone Formation and Material Resorption in Unidirectional Porous β-Tricalcium Phosphate Implanted in a Rabbit Tibia". Key Engineering Materials 696 (травень 2016): 177–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.696.177.
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We examined the balance between bone formation and material resorption in β-tricalcium phosphate, with unidirectional pores (porosity of 57%) and micropore structure. Using an animal bone defect model, rapid bone formation reached to the center of the material, while the material remained at the same period. Histomorphometric analysis showed that the sum total area of formed bone and material gradually increased with time throughout the experiment. These results indicate that the balance between bone formation and material resorption in this material is satisfactory.
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Huang, Xiao Peng, Fang Xin Wan, and Jing Feng Wu. "Mechanical Model of Pelletization in the Impressing Roller System." Advanced Materials Research 732-733 (August 2013): 348–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.732-733.348.
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By the force analysis of alfalfa grass powder material layer in work area of circular mould pelletizing system, grass pellet briquetting mechanism when alfalfa grass powder pass work area was explained, function relationship between the thickness of material layer and the circular mould angle was established, force balance equation of material layer differentiation unit under the general conditions was deduced, and the total force of material layer applied by circular mould was obtained. Research result has practical meaning for guiding the process test of grass pellet product and optimizing product structure, and has a certain theoretical reference value for in-depth revealing granulating forming mechanism of hoop standard granulator.
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Dmitriev, A. N., and Yu A. Chesnokov. "Reduction Kinetics of Iron Ore Materials by Gases." Defect and Diffusion Forum 283-286 (March 2009): 45–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ddf.283-286.45.
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The proposed balance logic-statistical model of the blast furnace process is based on the use of material and thermal balances along with calculations of heat- and mass exchange taking into account the non-uniformity of gas and burden distribution on the radius of the furnace and influence of the basic metallurgical characteristics of iron ore raw materials and coke on the indices of blast furnace operation. As a check of the applicability of the model, calculations on the most critical parameters of the blast furnace process – the smelting of ferromanganese and iron nickel with a graphical representation of heat- and mass exchange processes, dynamics of oxides reduction on the height and radius of the blast furnace have been carried out.
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Ukita, Masao, Hiroshi Nakanishi, and Masahiko Sekine. "Study on Transport and Material Balance of Nutrients in Yamaguchi Estuary (Japan)." Water Science and Technology 20, no. 6-7 (1988): 199–210. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1988.0204.
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The transport and material balance of nutrients in the Yamaguchi Estuary were studied using environmental impact assessment (EIA), in order to investigate the effects of the reclamation of tidal marshes. The main methods utilized were: 1. a topographical survey; 2. pollutant load analysis; 3. water sampling during one tidal cycle; 4. sediment quality analysis; 5. box model analysis of water quality; 6. modelling of the ecological system including fish. The main results obtained were as follows: 1. after the reclamation of 348 ha, the volume of the estuary, tidal prism, and tidal marsh area decreased by 6.5%, 12%, and 11%, respectively; 2. pollutant loads have increased from 1.38 to 1.69 t/d for N and from 0.09 to 0.18 t/d for P; 3. upward transport of suspended solids (SS) was observed under fine weather conditions, especially in the summer; 4. sediments in marsh areas exhibited higher values of oxygen consumption rate and nutrient recycling rate; 5. the net settling velocity of SS in the river mouth area was 1 to 3 m/d; 6. most of the SS transported up the estuary seemed to be flocculent organic matter; 7. the results of the box ecosystem model simulation indicated that there will be a net input of fish from the open sea area.
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Meng, Wei, and Xiufen Zhang. "Optimization of Remanufacturing Disassembly Line Balance Considering Multiple Failures and Material Hazards." Sustainability 12, no. 18 (2020): 7318. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12187318.
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End-of-life (EOL) electromechanical products often have multiple failure characteristics and material hazard attributes. These factors create uncertain disassembly task sequences and affect the remanufacturing cost, environmental sustainability, and disassembly efficiency of the remanufacturing disassembly line system. To address this problem, a novel multi-constraint remanufacturing disassembly line balancing model (MC-RDLBM) is constructed in this article, which accounts for the failure characteristics of the parts and material hazard constraints. To assign the disassembly task reasonably, a disassembly priority decision-making model was presented to describe the relationship between the failure layer, the material hazards layer, and the economic feasibility layer. Furthermore, the multi-objective non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm II (NSGA-II) optimization for the MC-RDLBM is improved. To increase the convergence speed of the algorithm, an initial population construction method is designed, which includes the component failure and material hazards. Moreover, a novel genetic algorithm evolution rule with a Pareto non-dominant relation and crowded distance constraint is established, which expands the search scope of the chromosome’s autonomous evolution and avoids local convergence. Furthermore, a Pareto grade-based evaluation strategy for non-dominant solutions is proposed to eliminate the invalid remanufacturing disassembly task sequences. Finally, a case study verified the effectiveness and feasibility of the proposed method.
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Wolff, Michael, Michael Böhm, and Holm Altenbach. "Application of the Müller–Liu entropy principle to gradient-damage models in the thermo-elastic case." International Journal of Damage Mechanics 27, no. 3 (2016): 387–408. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1056789516679495.
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A general damage-gradient model is developed within the framework of continuum mechanics, using balance relations. As a new item, a balance relation for totally damaged material is introduced, leading to a partial differential equation for the damage variable. The obtained model is evaluated using the Müller–Liu approach, yielding necessary and sufficient conditions for thermodynamic consistency. The widely spread damage model with a scalar damage variable is obtained as a special case of the general model considered here. As a special case, we deal with a thermo-elastic material, avoiding splitting of the strain as well as introduction of internal variables connected with inelastic behaviour.
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SRINIVASA MOHAN, L., K. KESAVA RAO, and PRABHU R. NOTT. "A frictional Cosserat model for the slow shearing of granular materials." Journal of Fluid Mechanics 457 (April 18, 2002): 377–409. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022112002007796.
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A rigid-plastic Cosserat model for slow frictional flow of granular materials, proposed by us in an earlier paper, has been used to analyse plane and cylindrical Couette flow. In this model, the hydrodynamic fields of a classical continuum are supplemented by the couple stress and the intrinsic angular velocity fields. The balance of angular momentum, which is satisfied implicitly in a classical continuum, must be enforced in a Cosserat continuum. As a result, the stress tensor could be asymmetric, and the angular velocity of a material point may differ from half the local vorticity. An important consequence of treating the granular medium as a Cosserat continuum is that it incorporates a material length scale in the model, which is absent in frictional models based on a classical continuum. Further, the Cosserat model allows determination of the velocity fields uniquely in viscometric flows, in contrast to classical frictional models. Experiments on viscometric flows of dense, slowly deforming granular materials indicate that shear is confined to a narrow region, usually a few grain diameters thick, while the remaining material is largely undeformed. This feature is captured by the present model, and the velocity profile predicted for cylindrical Couette flow is in good agreement with reported data. When the walls of the Couette cell are smoother than the granular material, the model predicts that the shear layer thickness is independent of the Couette gap H when the latter is large compared to the grain diameter dp. When the walls are of the same roughness as the granular material, the model predicts that the shear layer thickness varies as (H/dp)1/3 (in the limit H/dp [Gt ] 1) for plane shear under gravity and cylindrical Couette flow.
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Santiago-Acosta, Rubén D., Ernesto M. Hernández-Cooper, Rolando Pérez-Álvarez, and José A. Otero. "Effects of Volume Changes on the Thermal Performance of PCM Layers Subjected to Oscillations of the Ambient Temperature: Transient and Steady Periodic Regimes." Molecules 27, no. 7 (2022): 2158. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules27072158.
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The Stefan problem regarding the formation of several liquid–solid interfaces produced by the oscillations of the ambient temperature around the melting point of a phase change material has been addressed by several authors. Numerical and semi-analytical methods have been used to find the thermal response of a phase change material under these type of boundary conditions. However, volume changes produced by the moving fronts and their effects on the thermal performance of phase change materials have not been addressed. In this work, volume changes are incorporated through an additional equation of motion for the thickness of the system. The thickness of the phase change material becomes a dynamic variable of motion by imposing total mass conservation. The modified equation of motion for each interface is obtained by coupling mass conservation with a local energy–mass balance at each front. The dynamics of liquid–solid interface configurations is analyzed in the transient and steady periodic regimes. Finite element and heat balance integral methods are used to verify the consistency of the solutions to the proposed model. The heat balance integral method is modified and adapted to find approximate solutions when two fronts collide, and the temperature profiles are not smooth. Volumetric corrections to the sensible and latent heat released (absorbed) are introduced during front formation, annihilation, and in the presence of two fronts. Finally, the thermal energy released by the interior surface is estimated through the proposed model and compared with the solutions obtained through models proposed by other authors.
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Liu, Yonghong, Yucheng Li, and De Huang. "A Multiobjective Optimization Model for Continuous Allocation of Emergency Rescue Materials." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2020 (July 12, 2020): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/5693182.
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Emergency rescue operations play a vital role in alleviating human suffering, reducing casualties, and cutting down economic losses. One key aspect in the management of these operations is the rational allocation of emergency relief materials, where the allocation is continuous, dynamic, and concurrent. This allocation should be made not only to minimize the emergency rescue losses, but also to reduce the cost of emergency rescue work. A reasonable and effective allocation scheme for emergency relief materials can be established to adapt to the continuity, dynamics, and concurrency of material distribution. In this work, we propose a multiobjective optimization model of emergency material allocation with continuous time-varying supply and demand constraints, where the objective is to minimize the losses and the economic cost incurred by the emergency rescue operations. The constrained optimization problem is handled through sequential unconstrained minimization techniques, and the multiobjective optimization is carried out by the fast nondominated sorting genetic algorithm (NSGA-II) with an elite strategy to obtain a Pareto solution set with fairness and balance of loss and cost. The loss and cost associated with the Pareto frontier are employed to find an appropriate noninferior solution and its corresponding material allocation scheme. We verify through several simulations the model feasibility and the effectiveness of the proposed method, which can provide decision support for continuous material allocation in emergency rescue operations.
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Bogdanovich, Valery I., and Mikhail G. Giorbelidze. "Mathematical Model of Powder Material Particles Heating in Thermal Spraying." Key Engineering Materials 769 (April 2018): 336–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.769.336.
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This paper discusses the mathematical model of powder material particles heating in the gas flow when applying plasma gas and thermal coatings. It has been assumed that while moving in the plasma, the particle is heated by convective heat transfer and radiative heat transfer. To ensure accuracy and validity of calculation, two characteristic regions have been outlined: Core, where the temperature, density, and viscosity of plasma, as well as the other parameters are assumed as constant; and the region from the core to the coated surface (substrate), where these parameters are the functions of the plasma flow coordinates. One of the assumptions is that the shape of the particles is near-spherical, and the thermal flow’s action to the particles’ surface is uniform. Special attention has been paid to correct selection of criteria , which allowed to simplify the solution and reduce it to the ordinary first-order differential equation derived from the particle heat balance equation.
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Shevtsov, N. O., and S. V. Stepanov. "Development of the Material Balance Model to Account for Changes in the Well Productivity Index." Mathematical Models and Computer Simulations 14, no. 5 (2022): 691–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s2070048222050131.
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Lai, Fengpeng, Zhiping Li, Yining Wang, and Yingkun Fu. "Coalbed methane reservoir dynamic prediction model by combination of material balance equation and crossflow-diffusion." Energy Sources, Part A: Recovery, Utilization, and Environmental Effects 38, no. 2 (2016): 257–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15567036.2013.763389.
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Ma, Fumin, Gregory O’Hare, Tengfei Zhang, and Michael O’Grady. "Model Property Based Material Balance and Energy Conservation Analysis for Process Industry Energy Transfer Systems." Energies 8, no. 10 (2015): 12283–303. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en81012283.
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Yamada, Yuji, Toshihiko Matsuto, and Kyohei Gonda. "Analysis of Phenomena in a Vertical Combustor™ Based on a Material/Heat Balance Model." KAGAKU KOGAKU RONBUNSHU 48, no. 6 (2022): 206–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1252/kakoronbunshu.48.206.
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Pike, Byron J., Mary B. Curtis, and Lawrence Chui. "How Does an Initial Expectation Bias Influence Auditors' Application and Performance of Analytical Procedures?" Accounting Review 88, no. 4 (2013): 1413–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.2308/accr-50426.
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ABSTRACT Prior research demonstrates that knowledge of unaudited balances biases auditors' expectations during analytical procedures. What is less understood is how these biases affect auditors' subsequent investigations and their conclusions about the reasonableness of a particular balance. We employ the selective accessibility model to examine the differences in analytical procedure performance when auditor expectations are formed with versus without knowledge of the client's unaudited financial statement balances. In an experimental setting, we found that auditors with knowledge of unaudited balances favored hypotheses and supporting information indicating that the client's balance was reasonably stated. Auditors who formed expectations without current-year figures were more willing to evaluate competing alternatives, could better identify the most pertinent information, and were significantly more likely to identify a material misstatement using an analytical procedure. Data Availability: Data are available from the authors on request.
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Kislitsyn, A. A., and S. V. Kuznetsov. "Estimating drainable gas reserves by the method of material balance." Oil and Gas Studies, no. 6 (January 11, 2023): 56–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.31660/0445-0108-2022-6-56-72.
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The algorithm of estimating the reserves of gas deposits by the material balance method is described. The advantages of this method are the use of rather precise field technological information for calculations and the possibility of regular checks for compliance with the actual nature of field development. However, there are problems of practical application of this method. One of them is the determination of average weighted pressure for the whole gas-saturated volume, especially for low permeable reservoirs with deep depression craters around wells. The process of correct determination of weighted average pressure by means of isobar map and map of effective gassaturated thicknesses of gas reservoirs is proposed and described. Another problem is the long time interval between measurements of reservoir pressure during the field development. We offer the method that allows increasing frequency of isobar mapping by interpolation of reservoir pressure values by calculating this value through the productivity of wells in order to perform operational analysis of the field development. The input data for the calculation are the dynamics of gas flow rate and wellhead pressure dynamics. This approach allows us to estimate formation pressure around each well outside the de-resistivity funnel at any time. The article presents the results of testing the proposed method under field conditions at one of the Yamal fields. The results of the analysis show the difference in the volume of drained reserves with the geological model for a low permeable layer. The difference in the reserves volume estimation by the material balance method using the isobar map was 18 % of the initial geological reserves. The analysis of the reasons of divergence of the drilled reserves was carried out and the fact of differently sorted excavation along the section and the presence of uninvolved reserves was revealed.
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Mittermeir, Georg M. "Material-Balance Method for Dual-Porosity Reservoirs With Recovery Curves To Model the Matrix/Fracture Transfer." SPE Reservoir Evaluation & Engineering 18, no. 02 (2015): 171–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/174082-pa.
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Summary This paper presents a material-balance (MB) method applicable to naturally fractured dual-porosity reservoirs by considering the matrix/fracture transfer. The method is based on the recognition that the performance of water and gas displacement from matrix blocks can be depicted in the form of recovery factor vs. time. These recovery curves determine the matrix/fracture oil transfer. The reservoir pressure change depends on the original fluids in place and the strength of the aquifer. Thus, a close relationship between the recovery curves and the observed reservoir state (e.g., pressure, position of the phase contacts, water cut, and gas/oil ratio), the aquifer parameters, and the matrix/fracture oil transfer exists. Concerning the matrix blocks, the surrounding fracture continuum sets the boundary conditions by acting as an injector. The injection rates are predefined by the provided recovery curves, which one can obtain with different methods. They can be calculated by fine-scale single matrix-block models (Pirker et al. 2007), derived from conventional full-field numerical models, measured in a laboratory autoclave (Mattax and Kyte 1962), or determined by theoretical means (Davis and Hill 1982). The recovery curves can be scaled and normalized, making them applicable within a certain rock type to a wide range of rock parameters, namely shape factor, permeability, and porosity (Amiry 2014). While in a full-field model, various rock types can be identified; in MB calculations, however, they must be reduced to a single rock type. MB calculations—irrespective of conventional single-porosity methods or the herein-presented approach for dual-porosity naturally fractured reservoirs—are always conducted on a homogenized reservoir model. Therefore, variations in rock and pressure/volume/temperature properties cannot be taken into account. The recovery process is governed by two parameters—the asymptotic value of the recovery function and the time-scaling factor. These two parameters can be used for matching the observed reservoir performance. The new MB method matches both the reservoir pressure and the positions of the phase contacts. It also provides aquifer and matrix/fracture fluid-transfer models. Applying the parameters of those models in prediction mode and assuming a future production strategy, reservoir-pressure decline and phase-contact movements can be forecasted. The paper presents the calculation schema and the successful application to a field with more than 500 million STB of original oil in place and a 35-year production history. For the first time, it becomes possible to realistically—this means by fully considering the governing recovery mechanisms and thus the matrix/fracture transfer—calculate MB for naturally fractured dual-porosity reservoirs.
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Kovan, S. E. "THE RESOURCE AND ENERGY MODEL OF SOCIO-ECONOMIC SYSTEMS." Strategic decisions and risk management, no. 5 (November 2, 2014): 70–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.17747/2078-8886-2011-5-70-77.
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A model of resource and energy exchange of socio-economic systems (SES) to higher-level systems, which are external environment for them, has developed in this paper. The transformation of matter-and-energy resources in these systems includes processing resources of the external environment in output products, as well as the diversion of part of the resources for the development of the system. The resource balance and the overall scheme of resource exchange of SES with the external environment have built in this paper. Preconditions for the crisis arise in case of violation of balance of resources allocated for the holding of the production process and for the development of systems. Author also defined resource causes of crises socio-economic systems and determined that ensuring the balance between the available domestic material and energy resources, external resources attracted by SES, as well as the resources, that are being diverted to development, is the basic goals of crisis management of SES of any level.
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Mukanova, Balgaisha, and Natalya Glazyrina. "Nonlinear Inverse Problem for an Ion-Exchange Filter Model: Numerical Recovery of Parameters." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2015 (2015): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/357829.
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This paper considers the problem of identifying unknown parameters for a mathematical model of an ion-exchange filter via measurement at the outlet of the filter. The proposed mathematical model consists of a material balance equation, an equation describing the kinetics of ion-exchange for the nonequilibrium case, and an equation for the ion-exchange isotherm. The material balance equation includes a nonlinear term that depends on the kinetics of ion-exchange and several parameters. First, a numerical solution of the direct problem, the calculation of the impurities concentration at the outlet of the filter, is provided. Then, the inverse problem, finding the parameters of the ion-exchange process in nonequilibrium conditions, is formulated. A method for determining the approximate values of these parameters from the impurities concentration measured at the outlet of the filter is proposed.