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Journal articles on the topic 'Material characterization techniques'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 10 February 2022

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1

Collins, W. E., B. V. R. Chowdari, and S. Radhakrishna. "Analytical techniques for material characterization." Analytica Chimica Acta 218 (1989): 355–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0003-2670(00)80320-7.

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2

Matikas, Theodore E., and Robert L. Crane. "Ultrasonic Nondestructive Techniques for Materials Characterization." MRS Bulletin 21, no. 10 (1996): 18–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/s0883769400031596.

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Characterization of materials properties is critical for the understanding of materials behavior and performance under operating conditions. Tailoring materials properties, which are functions of the materials states, is essential for advanced product design. The need to characterize materials for a myriad of applications has spurred the development of many new methods and instruments. Unfortunately many of these characterization tools require destructive sectioning. Also many characterization techniques do not provide key information about material parameters in their operating environments.

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3

Vogel, D., R. Ku¨hnert, M. Dost, and B. Michel. "Determination of Packaging Material Properties Utilizing Image Correlation Techniques." Journal of Electronic Packaging 124, no. 4 (2002): 345–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1506698.

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Thermo-mechanical reliability in advanced electronic packaging requires new materials testing approaches. The necessary understanding of the impact of very local material stressing on component reliability leads to the need of materials testing and characterization on microscopic scale. For example, defect initiation and propagation in multilayer structures as in WLP and flip chip technology, the influence of material migration to mechanical behavior or defect development in ultra-thin silicon dies often are not well understood. A key for micro materials testing and characterization is the mea

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Addepalli, S., and S. Thimmegowda. "Understanding Complex Material Systems Using Multiple Characterization Techniques." Microscopy and Microanalysis 19, S2 (2013): 1056–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1431927613007277.

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5

Panwar, Aditya Singh, Armender Singh, and Shankar Sehgal. "Material characterization techniques in engineering applications: A review." Materials Today: Proceedings 28 (2020): 1932–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2020.05.337.

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Zhang, Fan, Andrew Allen, Lyle Levine, et al. "In Situ Materials Characterization across Atomic and Microstructure Lengthscales." Acta Crystallographica Section A Foundations and Advances 70, a1 (2014): C1072. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s205327331408927x.

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Advanced materials exhibit complex, hierarchical, and multiscale microstructures that control their performance. Today, optimization of these microstructures requires iterative, ex situ studies using multiple independent instruments with different samples. To address many of the grand challenges facing the material research community, it is desirable to correlate material performance under realistic processing and operating conditions with in situ characterization of material structures across atomic and microstructural length scales. To meet this need, we have made progress in recent years in

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Heimbrook, L. A. "Analytical solutions for complex problems using multiple diagnostic techniques." Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America 53 (August 13, 1995): 686–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0424820100139809.

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The ability to apply multiple diagnostic techniques to complex material, biological, and device problems with the goal of obtaining analytical solutions is the daily objective of the typical analytical laboratory. This paper will describe the use of both microscopy and surface analysis diagnostic tools to evaluate routine and highly complex material and device problems often found in the semiconductor industry. The characterization requirements for silicon and III-V materials and devices cover a wide range of technology research and development programs. These programs involve the characteriza

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Greif, Robert, and Benjamin Hebert. "Experimental Techniques for Dynamic Characterization of Composite Materials." Journal of Engineering Materials and Technology 117, no. 1 (1995): 94–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2804378.

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This research combines theoretical and experimental approaches for dynamic material characterization of composite materials. The samples studied include continuous fiber graphite/epoxy beams with various symmetric lay-up configurations. Included are laminated beams with the following lay-ups: [08/908]s, [908/08]s, [(45/0/−45)5]s and [(0/45/0/−45)3/90/0/01/2]s. The resonant dwell technique is used to determine the material damping and the real part of the dynamic flexural modulus of double cantilever beam specimens in the first mode of vibration over the frequency range 25 Hz to 300 Hz. The dyn

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Liu, G. R., X. Han, and T. OHYOSHI. "Computational Inverse Techniques for Material Characterization Using Dynamic Response." International Journal of the Society of Materials Engineering for Resources 10, no. 1 (2002): 26–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.5188/ijsmer.10.26.

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Alimenti, Andrea, Kostiantyn Torokhtii, Enrico Silva, and Nicola Pompeo. "Challenging microwave resonant measurement techniques for conducting material characterization." Measurement Science and Technology 30, no. 6 (2019): 065601. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1361-6501/ab0e65.

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Mills, T. D., R. S. Hoskins, and M. S. Nemier. "Application of Material Characterization Techniques to Electrical Forensic Analysis." IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications 40, no. 5 (2004): 1200–1204. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tia.2004.834126.

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Fenner, Raenita A., and Edward J. Rothwell. "Effects of Curved Wavefronts on Conductor-Backed Reflection-Only Free-Space Material Characterization Techniques." International Scholarly Research Notices 2015 (July 15, 2015): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/657254.

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A true plane wave is often not physically realizable in a laboratory environment. Therefore, wavefront curvature introduces a form of systematic error into Free-space material characterization methods. Free-space material characterization is important to the determination of the electric permittivity and magnetic permeability of conductor-backed and in situ materials. This paper performs an error analysis of the impact on wavefront curvature on a Free-space method called the two-thickness method. This paper compares the extracted electric and magnetic permeability computed with a plane wave ve

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Misrak, Abel, Tushar Chauhan, Rabin Bhandari, et al. "Impact of Die Attach Sample Preparation on Its Measured Mechanical Properties for MEMS Sensor Applications." Journal of Microelectronics and Electronic Packaging 18, no. 1 (2021): 21–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.4071/imaps.1234982.

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Abstract Computational modeling is often leveraged to design and optimize electronic packages for both performance and reliability purposes. One of the factors that affect the accuracy of computational models is the accuracy of the material properties. Microelectromechanical system sensors, in particular, are usually extremely sensitive to slightest material property changes in the package. Therefore, even small measurement variations in material characterization due to different sample preparation methods or different testing techniques can impact accuracy of computational models that are lev

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del Roveri, Carolina, Letícia H. Godoy, Antenor Zanardo, et al. "Study of Processing Techniques for Nepheline Syenitic Raw Material Exploitation." Advances in Science and Technology 92 (October 2014): 215–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ast.92.215.

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Lavrinhas, a city located 234 km northeast of São Paulo, Brazil, presents syenitic rocks with high content of nepheline, whose preliminary field assessment indicated its potential to be used in the production of ceramic products. The paper aimed to study this raw material with fluxing properties and to determine the best processing methods based on mineralogy and texture, in order to achieve better removal efficiency of the nepheline. Petrographic characterization was carried out in two rock samples, as well as the particle size characterization of the untreated material, the split into fract

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Park, Young Do, A. N. Lasseigne-Jackson, J. E. Jackson, Brajendra Mishra, D. L. Olson, and T. Koenig. "Characterization of Weldments and Materials Using Thermoelectric Power Measurements." Materials Science Forum 580-582 (June 2008): 117–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.580-582.117.

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Thermoelectric power coefficient measurement techniques have been developed for numerous applications to guarantee material integrity by providing a non-destructive electronic property correlation to material microstructure, phase stability, specific solute additions, and lattice strain. How the electron concentration, the effective mass, and the dominating scattering mechanisms allow for non-destructive evaluation of materials will be described. Because thermoelectric power (TEP) is dependent upon numerous variables, additional non-destructive techniques are necessary to further characterize

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Stojakovic, Dejan. "Electron backscatter diffraction in materials characterization." Processing and Application of Ceramics 6, no. 1 (2012): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/pac1201001s.

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Electron Back-Scatter Diffraction (EBSD) is a powerful technique that captures electron diffraction patterns from crystals, constituents of material. Captured patterns can then be used to determine grain morphology, crystallographic orientation and chemistry of present phases, which provide complete characterization of microstructure and strong correlation to both properties and performance of materials. Key milestones related to technological developments of EBSD technique have been outlined along with possible applications using modern EBSD system. Principles of crystal diffraction with desc

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Yu, Edward T., and Stephen J. Pennycook. "Nanoscale Characterization of Materials." MRS Bulletin 22, no. 8 (1997): 17–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/s0883769400033753.

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One of the dominant trends in current research in materials science and related fields is the fabrication, characterization, and application of materials and device structures whose characteristic feature sizes are at or near the nanometer scale. Achieving an understanding of—and ultimately control over—the properties and behavior of a wide range of materials at the nanometer scale has therefore become a major theme in materials research. As our ability to synthesize materials and fabricate structures in this size regime improves, effective characterization of materials at the nanometer scale

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Klymko, N. R., J. A. Casey, L. Tai, J. A. Fitzsimmons, and F. Adar. "Role of Raman Microprobe Spectroscopy in the Characterization of Microelectronic Materials." Microscopy and Microanalysis 7, S2 (2001): 150–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1431927600026829.

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The production of semiconductor chips and packaging materials involves the use of a wide array of materials, from solvents and polymers, to photoresists, to metal and dielectric layers, to conductive and thermal pastes. Characterization of these materials, both in raw form and as formulated for in-process use, is integral to successful use of them in microelectronic manufacturing. Physical and chemical analytical techniques are employed to determine parameters such as composition, cure state, and interface chemistry. More often than not, it is the successful combination of complementary analys

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Andres, Yves, Eric Dumont, and Claire Gerente. "Characterization techniques of packing material colonization in gas biofiltration processes." Journal of Environmental Engineering and Science 9, no. 1 (2014): 29–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1680/jees.2014.9.1.29.

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Nygårds, Mikael. "Experimental techniques for characterization of elasticplastic material properties in paperboard." Nordic Pulp & Paper Research Journal 23, no. 4 (2008): 432–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.3183/npprj-2008-23-04-p432-437.

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Belancon, M. P., L. C. Malacarne, P. R. B. Pedreira, et al. "Thermal mirror and thermal lens techniques for semitransparent material characterization." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 214 (March 1, 2010): 012016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/214/1/012016.

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Abolade, Jeremiah O., Dominic B. O. Konditi, and Vasant M. Dharmadhikary. "Comparative study of textile material characterization techniques for wearable antennas." Results in Materials 9 (March 2021): 100168. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rinma.2021.100168.

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23

Chandrasekhar, D., David J. Smith, J. Kouvetakis, and McD Robinson. "TEM characterization of SiGeC material system." Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America 52 (1994): 840–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0424820100171936.

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The IV-IV material system, specifically Si1-xGex/Si, has generated considerable interest in the scientific community in recent years. The built-in compressive strain and composition of pseudomorphic Si1-xGex epilayers on Si substrates affect the band structure and energy gap, which are fundamental to bandgap engineering. This property has been used in demonstrating a heterojunction bipolar transistor with SiGe base, resulting in improved high-frequency performance over conventional transistors with Si bases. However, the thermal instability and lower critical thickness of Si1-xGex layers limit

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24

Tewo, Robert K., Hilary L. Rutto, Walter Focke, Tumisang Seodigeng, and Lawrence K. Koech. "Formulations, development and characterization techniques of investment casting patterns." Reviews in Chemical Engineering 35, no. 3 (2019): 335–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/revce-2017-0068.

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Abstract Conventionally, unfilled wax has been used as a universal pattern material for the investment casting process. With increase in demand for accurate dimensions and complex shapes, various materials have been blended with wax to develop more suitable patterns for investment casting in order to overcome performance limitations exhibited by unfilled wax. The present article initially reviews various investigations on the development of investment casting patterns by exploring pattern materials, type of waxes and their limitations, the effect of filler materials and various additives on un

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Seshaiyer, Padmanabhan, and Jay D. Humphrey. "A Sub-Domain Inverse Finite Element Characterization of Hyperelastic Membranes Including Soft Tissues." Journal of Biomechanical Engineering 125, no. 3 (2003): 363–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1574333.

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Quantification of the mechanical behavior of hyperelastic membranes in their service configuration, particularly biological tissues, is often challenging because of the complicated geometry, material heterogeneity, and nonlinear behavior under finite strains. Parameter estimation thus requires sophisticated techniques like the inverse finite element method. These techniques can also become difficult to apply, however, if the domain and boundary conditions are complex (e.g. a non-axisymmetric aneurysm). Quantification can alternatively be achieved by applying the inverse finite element method o

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Vivek, A., K. Shambavi, and Zachariah C. Alex. "A review: metamaterial sensors for material characterization." Sensor Review 39, no. 3 (2019): 417–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/sr-06-2018-0152.

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Purpose This paper aims to focus on research work related to metamaterial-based sensors for material characterization that have been developed for past ten years. A decade of research on metamaterial for sensing application has led to the advancement of compact and improved sensors. Design/methodology/approach In this study, relevant research papers on metamaterial sensors for material characterization published in reputed journals during the period 2007-2018 were reviewed, particularly focusing on shape, size and nature of materials characterized. Each sensor with its design and performance p

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Isac, Jayakumari, Anusha Mony, Harikrishnan G. Nair, et al. "MATERIAL CHARACTERIZATION OF SUPERCONDUCTING NANO CRYSTALLINE CERAMIC YSrBiCuO BY THERMAL TECHNIQUES." JOURNAL OF ADVANCES IN PHYSICS 7, no. 1 (2015): 1352–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.24297/jap.v7i1.1754.

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The nano-sized ceramic superconducting material YSBCO havingÂ perovskite structure was prepared according to the chemical formula by the thermo chemical solid state reaction technique using a high-energy ball milling process through mechanically assisted synthesis. It was characterized by XRD, SEM and EDX. Here the authours studied the thermal characterizationÂ usingÂ TGA, DTA and DSC.

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Ringe, Emilie. "Nanocrystalline materials: recent advances in crystallographic characterization techniques." IUCrJ 1, no. 6 (2014): 530–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s2052252514020818.

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Most properties of nanocrystalline materials are shape-dependent, providing their exquisite tunability in optical, mechanical, electronic and catalytic properties. An example of the former is localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR), the coherent oscillation of conduction electrons in metals that can be excited by the electric field of light; this resonance frequency is highly dependent on both the size and shape of a nanocrystal. An example of the latter is the marked difference in catalytic activity observed for different Pd nanoparticles. Such examples highlight the importance of particle

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Uriarte, I., E. Zulueta, T. Guraya, M. Arsuaga, I. Garitaonandia, and A. Arriaga. "CHARACTERIZATION OF RECYCLED RUBBER USING PARTICLE SWARM OPTIMIZATION TECHNIQUES." Rubber Chemistry and Technology 88, no. 3 (2015): 343–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.5254/rct.15.85916.

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ABSTRACT A material based on recycled rubber has been developed to use as a protective coating on road barriers with the aim of improving motorcyclists' security against crash impacts. This material is based on grounded rubber from used tires added by extrusion using low-density polyethylene as adhesive. Compression tests have been performed for different densities of the recycled material to fully describe the mechanical characteristics under high strain rates (in the rank 0.057–5.7 s−1), and a constitutive model composed of a hyperelastic Mooney Rivlin part and a viscoelastic part based on t

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SCHRODER, DIETER K. "NANO CHARACTERIZATION OF MATERIALS." International Journal of High Speed Electronics and Systems 18, no. 04 (2008): 861–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0129156408005837.

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Material characterization is challenged by continuously decreasing device dimensions placing significant demands on characterization instruments and measurement interpretation. Numerous techniques exist and a few are highlighted here. Some of these have existed for a long time, while others have only emerged from the laboratory recently. Generally they are more user-friendly and have reasonable turn-around times. The trend in many techniques is clearly toward characterization of smaller dimensions. Among the myriad of characterization techniques in use today, I will discuss recent advances in

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El-Hazek, M. N., T. E. Amer, R. M. Issa, M. G. Abu El-Azm, S. A. Omar, and S. M. El-Hady. "Characterization and Breakdown of South Gabal EL A’urf Polymineralized ore Material." Eurasian Chemico-Technological Journal 11, no. 2 (2016): 149. http://dx.doi.org/10.18321/ectj309.

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The polymineralized ore material of south Gabal El-A’urf area hosts several economic minerals. These include tanteuxenite, monazite, bastanasite, anatase, as well as zircon. The corresponding interesting rare metals of these minerals include Nb, Ta, lanthanides (REE), Ti, and Zr. Different breakdown techniques have been investigated namely; agitation, pug and fusion. The latter technique is found to be preferred under the following conditions; potassium bisulphate ore/reagent weight ratio of 1/3 at 650 ºC for 3 h. The realized dissolution efficiencies for all metal values were as follows 98.0%

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Kaiser, Trent M. V. "Post-Yield Material Characterization for Strain-Based Design." SPE Journal 14, no. 01 (2009): 128–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/97730-pa.

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Summary Conventional material specifications and test methods were developed to support load-based designs in which inelastic deformations are relatively small and yield strength is the primary material factor governing design. However, in strain-based designs where substantial portions of the structure soften under post-yield deformation, more detailed characterization of the post-yield material behavior is required. This paper presents a framework for describing the post-yield properties of metals (including strain-rate dependence of yield strength) a testing method for measuring post-yield

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Koruga, Đuro, Dragomir Stamenković, Ivan Djuricic, et al. "Nanophotonic Rigid Contact Lenses: Engineering and Characterization." Advanced Materials Research 633 (January 2013): 239–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.633.239.

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Contact lenses are a common optical aid to provide help with refractive anomalies of the human eye. Construction of contact lenses is a complex engineering task as it requires knowledge of optics, materials science, production and characterization methods for product quality. Besides correcting refractive anomalies, by using contact lenses it is possible to change the characteristics of light through the manipulation of material structure properties. Nanomaterials, such as fullerene C60, are candidates for the medium that interacts with light, thus changing its properties. During material synt

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Mauri, Luca, Anna Della Porta, Alessio Corazza, and Marco Moraja. "Vacuum Packaging Requirements for MEMS and Characterization Techniques." Proceedings 56, no. 1 (2020): 18. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2020056018.

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Getter materials are technically proven and industrially well-implemented solutions for maintaining a vacuum inside electronic devices to assure long lifetimes and proper operating conditions. The pressure requirements of some hermetically packaged microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) devices, such as gyroscopes, accelerometers, infrared (IR) bolometers, and digital mirrors, are very stringent. The internal pressure can be as low as in the 10−3 mbar range. Due to the desorption phenomena of gaseous species from the internal surfaces, the vacuum inside such hermetically sealed electronic devic

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Skaropoulou, Aggeliki, Afroditi Ntziouni, Dimitris Kioupis, Sotiris Tsivilis, and Glikeria Kakali. "Synthesis and characterization of innovative insulation materials." MATEC Web of Conferences 149 (2018): 01078. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201814901078.

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Insulation elements are distinguished in inorganic fibrous and organic foamed materials. Foamed insulation materials are of great acceptance and use, but their major disadvantage is their flammability. In case of fire, they tend to transmit the flame producing toxic gases. In this paper, the synthesis and characterization of innovative inorganic insulation materials with properties competitive to commercial is presented. Their synthesis involves the mixing of inorganic raw material and water with reinforcing agent or/and foaming agent leading to the formation of a gel. Depending on raw materia

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Steinbacher, Matthias, Gabriela Alexe, Michael Baune, et al. "Descriptors for High Throughput in Structural Materials Development." High-Throughput 8, no. 4 (2019): 22. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ht8040022.

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The development of novel structural materials with increasing mechanical requirements is a very resource-intense process if conventional methods are used. While there are high-throughput methods for the development of functional materials, this is not the case for structural materials. Their mechanical properties are determined by their microstructure, so that increased sample volumes are needed. Furthermore, new short-time characterization techniques are required for individual samples which do not necessarily measure the desired material properties, but descriptors which can later be mapped

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Pearce, Chris, and Lukasz Kaczmarczyk. "Multi-Scale Modeling of Heterogeneous Materials and the Validation Challenge." Applied Mechanics and Materials 70 (August 2011): 345–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.70.345.

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This paper considers multi-scale modeling strategies for heterogeneous materials while also highlighting the problems of determining experimentally the micro-scale properties and validating such techniques. Multi-scale modeling techniques enable us to capture the influence of (evolving) heterogeneous material microstructures on the overall macroscopic behavior. This paper discusses computational multi-scale modeling techniques for problems both with and without poor scale separation. In developing these powerful multi-scale modeling techniques, the obvious challenge of validating both the mate

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Cielo, P., S. Dallaire, G. Lamonde, and S. Johar. "Measurement of thermal inertia by the reflective-cavity method." Canadian Journal of Physics 64, no. 9 (1986): 1217–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/p86-212.

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The measurement of thermal parameters is a useful tool for the evaluation of compositional or structural properties of materials of industrial interest. The increasing use of noncontact photothermal techniques to generate and sense thermal fields in materials makes thermal characterization an attractive approach for in-plant quality monitoring and process control. In an effort to increase the reliability of such measurements in conditions of unknown surface emissivity, an integrating-cavity technique is described for a quantitative evaluation of the thermal inertia of the inspected material. A

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Thangam, M. A. Mary, and Chellapandian Kannan. "A Novel Iron Silicate Mesoporous Material Synthesis and Its Characterization." Advanced Science Letters 24, no. 8 (2018): 5532–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/asl.2018.12143.

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The mesoporous materials have variety of applications in several field particularly it has a main role in Catalysis, Petrochemical industries and Adsorption. Normally the porous material has well ordered 3Dimensional structure, huge surface area, high thermal stability and active acid sites. The properties of these materials can be varied because it is mostly depends on its template, synthesis method and isomorphous substitution of metal ions. There are two major mesoporous materials which are aluminosilicate and aluminophosphate. In this present investigation AlCl3 and FeCl3 are used in equal

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Bramerdorfer, Gerd, Martin Kitzberger, Daniel Wöckinger, Branko Koprivica, and Stan Zurek. "State-of-the-art and future trends in soft magnetic materials characterization with focus on electric machine design – Part 2." tm - Technisches Messen 86, no. 10 (2019): 553–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/teme-2019-0066.

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AbstractThe first part of this two-part article is about a retrospective view of material characterization, starting with the work of J. Epstein around the year 1900 and respective basic explanations. Consequently, the work presented herein is about the current state-of-the-art, recent developments, and future trends in characterization of ferromagnetic materials. Modeling is in fact a type of characterization, in a phenomenological and mathematical sense, and therefore it is treated with due attention in this article. Quantifying the properties of soft magnetic materials retains significant s

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Ramsay, H., D. Simon, E. Steele, A. Hebert, R. D. Oleschuk, and K. G. Stamplecoskie. "The power of fluorescence excitation–emission matrix (EEM) spectroscopy in the identification and characterization of complex mixtures of fluorescent silver clusters." RSC Advances 8, no. 73 (2018): 42080–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8ra08751b.

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EEM spectroscopy can be implemented as a powerful technique for determining the purity of complex mixtures, especially when other techniques, including mass spectrometry, fail to provide adequate characterization of a given material.

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Rogge, Ronald B., Ghaouti Bentoumi, F. (Ike) Dimayuga, et al. "NON-DESTRUCTIVE EXAMINATION USING NEUTRONS: A NUCLEAR WASTE AND ORPHANED SOURCE CHARACTERIZATION CASE STUDY APPLICABLE TO NUCLEAR FORENSICS." AECL Nuclear Review 4, no. 2 (2015): 141–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.12943/cnr.2015.00051.

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Found unknown radioactive material is often contained in a package so the chemical and physical form of the material itself is unknown, and the detail of the packaging is likewise unknown. Together, these present a significant risk on how to handle the package for destructive examination of its contents. Whether of nefarious origin or the result of less stringent practices of yesteryear the material needs to be properly identified and characterized for appropriate disposition. Results of neutron imaging, neutron diffraction, and delayed neutron analysis as applied to an examination of sealed c

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Son, Dongwan, Sangho Cho, Jieun Nam, Hoik Lee, and Myungwoong Kim. "X-ray-Based Spectroscopic Techniques for Characterization of Polymer Nanocomposite Materials at a Molecular Level." Polymers 12, no. 5 (2020): 1053. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym12051053.

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This review provides detailed fundamental principles of X-ray-based characterization methods, i.e., X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, and near-edge X-ray absorption fine structure, and the development of different techniques based on the principles to gain deeper understandings of chemical structures in polymeric materials. Qualitative and quantitative analyses enable obtaining chemical compositions including the relative and absolute concentrations of specific elements and chemical bonds near the surface of or deep inside the material of interest. More im

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Hing, K. A., S. M. Best, K. E. Tanner, P. A. Revell, and W. Bonfield. "Histomorphological and biomechanical characterization of calcium phosphates in the osseous environment." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part H: Journal of Engineering in Medicine 212, no. 6 (1998): 437–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/0954411981534204.

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The standardization of characterization techniques is becoming increasingly important for bone replacement materials as it becomes apparent that, for the field to advance, testing must be developed to allow the biocompatibility or bioactivity of a new material to be assessed and directly compared with existing materials. Currently there are many forms of biocompatibility test for materials destined for the osseous environment, ranging from immersion in simulated body fluid to implantation into living bone. However, the variety of ways in which the data from these tests may be acquired and inte

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Patel, Arti, and Marshall Thompson. "Consideration and Characterization of Pavement Construction Variability." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1632, no. 1 (1998): 40–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/1632-05.

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Recently, many state highway agencies have adopted quality control/ quality assurance (QC/QA) techniques with the desire to improve the quality of construction and provide an incentive or environment for contractors to try new or innovative construction methods or materials. Reduced construction and material variability is one measure of improved “quality” of construction. Although decreased variability may be desirable, there is considerable debate and confusion about the cost-effectiveness of the QC/QA programs. The data collection effort and three variability analysis techniques that may be

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LIU, ZISHUN, EDY HARSONO, and SOMSAK SWADDIWUDHIPONG. "MATERIAL CHARACTERIZATION BASED ON INSTRUMENTED AND SIMULATED INDENTATION TESTS." International Journal of Applied Mechanics 01, no. 01 (2009): 61–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s175882510900006x.

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This paper reviews various techniques to characterize material by interpreting load-displacement data from instrumented indentation tests. Scaling and dimensionless analysis was used to generalize the universal relationships between the characteristics of indentation curves and their material properties. The dimensionless functions were numerically calibrated via extensive finite element analysis. The interpretation of load-displacement curves from the established relationships was thus carried out by either solving higher order functions iteratively or employing neural networks. In this study

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Abdullah, Asiah, Wan Elina Faradilla Wan Khalid, and Siti Zaubidah Abdullah. "Synthesis and Characterization of Bismuth Nickel Tantalate Pyrochlore." Applied Mechanics and Materials 749 (April 2015): 30–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.749.30.

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Bi3Ni2Ta3O14 pyrochlores and related materials were prepared by solid state reaction at sintering temperatures ranging from 900°C to 1150°C. The BNT cubic pyrochlores could be represented by a general formula Bi3Ni2-xTa3O14-x and phase pure sample was obtained at temperature 1050°C with x = 0.6. This was confirmed by X-ray diffraction analysis and detailed lattice refinement. The single phase material crystallized in a cubic system, space group Fd3m with a = b = c = 10.5134 Å, α = β = γ = 90o, respectively. The sample was further characterized using a combination of techniques including Fouri

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Peirs, Jan, Patricia Verleysen, and Joris Degrieck. "Experimental Study of the High Strain Rate Shear Behaviour of Ti6Al4V." Applied Mechanics and Materials 82 (July 2011): 130–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.82.130.

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Three different high strain rate shear test techniques are applied on the titanium alloy Ti6Al4V. Two techniques for testing of bulk materials and one technique for sheet materials are used: torsion of thin-walled tubes, compression of hat-shaped specimens and tension of planar shear specimens. The tests are carried out on respectively torsion, compression and tensile split Hopkinson bar setups. Although shear stresses dominate the stress state in these three tests, the local stress state and its distribution and evolution are different. Therefore, the three techniques are considered to be rat

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Möser, B. "Nanoscale Building Material Characterization by Means of High-Resolution SEM Imaging Techniques." Microscopy and Microanalysis 17, S2 (2011): 1478–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1431927611008269.

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Bugnon, G., A. Feltrin, R. Bartlome, et al. "Microcrystalline and micromorph device improvements through combined plasma and material characterization techniques." Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells 95, no. 1 (2011): 134–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.solmat.2010.05.014.

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