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Journal articles on the topic 'Material cost'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 15 February 2022

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1

Hyršlová, Jaroslava, Miroslav Vágner, and Jiří Palásek. "Application of Material Flow Cost Accounting in Ceramic Manufacturing Plant." Český finanční a účetní časopis 2009, no. 4 (December 1, 2009): 73–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.18267/j.cfuc.50.

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2

Guenther, Edeltraud, Christine Jasch, Mario Schmidt, Bernd Wagner, and Donald Huisingh. "Material Flow Cost Accounting." Journal of Cleaner Production 29-30 (July 2012): 291–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2012.01.025.

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3

Voznyak, Orest, Yuriy Yurkevych, Iryna Sukholova, Oleksandr Dovbush, and Mariana Kasynets. "Thermally conductive cost of the heat-insulating materials." Theory and Building Practice 2020, no. 2 (November 20, 2020): 92–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.23939/jtbp2020.02.092.

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The article presents the results of theoretical research to achieve the maximum effect in determination of the economically feasible level of buildings thermal protection. It must be optimal both thermally and economically, an indicator of which there are the costs. Graphical and analytical dependences are given. The research results substantiate the maximum effect when different thermal insulating materials are used. The aim is to increase the efficiency of energy saving measures, reduce their cost by optimizing the cost of thermal energy and insulating materials, determining the optimization criteria and justification for choice the optimal insulating material and its thickness, and determining the optimal thermal resistance, identifying ways to improve energy efficiency and substantiation of the calculation method. One of the most common thermal renovation measures, namely insulation of external walls, is considered. An economic assessment has been conducted, which is an important factor in a certain energy-saving proposition. The solution of the problem is presented, which includes two stages. The result of the first stage is the selection of the optimal heat-insulating material. The second stage is a substantiation of economically expedient thickness of the heatinsulating material. The obtained results make it possible to increase the efficiency of energy saving in thermal renovation of buildings taking into account both energy and economic aspects. In this paper the results of mathematical provement of such factor importance as the thermally conductive cost of the heat-insulating material at their thickness optimization are presented. Determining for the establishment of the normative thermal resistance in the future is the ratio of the cost of thermal energy to the thermal conductivity of the insulating material.

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4

Florenza, Patrícia. "Material psicomotriu de baix cost." Comunicació educativa, no. 19 (January 1, 2006): 66. http://dx.doi.org/10.17345/comeduc200666-68.

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<p>Amb aquest article tinc la intenció de comunicar i compartir una experiència que estic realitzant, i animar els mestres que fan les sessions de psicomotricitat a crear i recollir material de baix cost per enriquir les propostes de treball a la sala per als nens i nenes.</p>

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5

Pope, Don, and David Perkins. "Integrated material requirements/cost planning." International Journal of Information and Operations Management Education 2, no. 4 (2008): 407. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijiome.2008.023442.

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6

Dierkes, Stefan, and David Siepelmeyer. "Production and cost theory-based material flow cost accounting." Journal of Cleaner Production 235 (October 2019): 483–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2019.06.212.

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7

Ke, Chang Jun, Shu Ying Wang, Hao Wang, and Bing Yuan. "Effect Analysis of Different Wall Materials on Construction Project Cost." Advanced Materials Research 287-290 (July 2011): 2879–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.287-290.2879.

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Economy was compared for same building with price and cost of wall material, the other building materials (such as steel bars and pipe pile) and the cost for building energy efficiency. The results shown, Cost effect of wall material and cost difference of other building materials (such as steel bars and pipe pile) because of wall material weight difference are few for building cost. Building energy efficiency cost effect of wall material is significant for building cost. For high-rise frame structure, autoclaved aerated concrete block is inexpensive wall material.

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8

Fathi, M., A. Mefoued, A. Messaoud, and Y. Boukennous. "Cost-effective photovoltaics with silicon material." Physics Procedia 2, no. 3 (November 2009): 751–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.phpro.2009.11.021.

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9

Perera, R. S., and U. L. A. S. B. Fernando. "Cost modelling for roofing material selection." Built-Environment Sri Lanka 3, no. 1 (February 1, 2006): 11. http://dx.doi.org/10.4038/besl.v3i1.7637.

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10

Kumar, Ashwani. "Standard Costing And Material Cost Variance." Management Accountant Journal 54, no. 1 (January 31, 2019): 82. http://dx.doi.org/10.33516/maj.v54i1.82-85p.

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11

Braglia, Marcello, Mosè Gallo, and Leonardo Marrazzini. "A lean approach to address material losses: materials cost deployment (MaCD)." International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology 113, no. 1-2 (January 27, 2021): 565–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00170-021-06632-3.

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12

Na. "Optimization for Configuration and Material Cost of Helical Pile Using Harmony Search Algorithm." Journal of the Korean Society of Civil Engineers 35, no. 2 (2015): 377. http://dx.doi.org/10.12652/ksce.2015.35.2.0377.

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13

Golkhoo, Farzaneh, and Osama Moselhi. "Optimized material management in construction using multi-layer perceptron." Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering 46, no. 10 (October 2019): 909–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjce-2018-0149.

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Construction material represents a major component of the project cost. Therefore, it is essential to control material on construction job sites. Efficient material management system requires trade-offs and optimized balance among elements of material cost including purchase cost, storage cost, opportunity cost, ordering cost, and unavailability cost. Thus, there is a need to develop an automated method for optimizing the delivery and inventory of construction materials not only in the planning phase but also in the construction phase to account for introduced changes. In this research a novel genetic algorithm – multi-layer perceptron (GA-MLP) method is proposed to generate optimized material delivery schedule. Multi-layer perceptron (MLP) is utilized to improve genetic algorithm (GA) by generating memory to overcome local minima encountered in applying GA for optimization. This automated method supports contractors to buy construction materials with the least cost and without leading to material shortage or surplus. The proposed automated method has been validated through a numerical example. The obtained results demonstrate that GA-MLP outperform GA in optimizing construction material inventory.

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14

Eugênio, Marcelo Luiz, Marco Antonio Colosio, and José Carlos Santos. "Cost Reductions - Materials." Materials Science Forum 660-661 (October 2010): 605–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.660-661.605.

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Currently, new and uncommon materials are being more used in automotive components, such as the manufactured by Powder Metallurgy due to new cost reduction strategies adopted by carmakers. The companies are searching more and with stronger aggressiveness the ways of finding cost reduction opportunities of a product and/or process. With this intention and for being it tracked by technical and commercial interests, new departments are being created with different names and structures. The ways to find out a reduction of viable cost are discussed in different ways of approaching of this question, which may be originated from the standardization of an item utilized in similar products, in the removal of components with questionable importance, in the change of manufacture processes, in the localization of items and finally, in the change of material and/or project. Starting from known approaches, the present work relates the most different ways of proposals and characterizes and quantifies them in graphical forms, adopted procedures, and by descriptions of ways pursued to reach a financial goal of reduction, mentioning typical examples of proposals with potential of implementation after a technical and critical analysis. Finally, the focus of this study is the approach of materials and specifications, said currently as the most complex and difficult field; however, with inexhaustible ways in the last instance in the field of Cost Reductions, and then the acquired knowledge should be used in sintered material.

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15

Šašala, Michal, Lukáš Hrivniak, and Jozef Svetlík. "Material Selection for Prototype Design and Production." Materials Science Forum 994 (May 2020): 304–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.994.304.

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This paper deals with mechanical design and material selection process for experimental milling device used in mechanochemistry. Part of this process is right optimizing shapes and dimensions with used material and manufacturing process. Our selection and design process were considering stress on individual parts, purpose of parts, future upgradability, material cost and manufacturing cost. All these factors were resulting into high usage of materials like PLA (polylactic acid) and alloys based on aluminium. These materials are generally very good for prototyping thanks to their mechanical properties and cost. For parts with high stress expectation we therefore used more durable materials. In the end we describe disadvantages of PLA materials against metals in production.

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16

Maskepatil, Lahu P., Ashish U. Gandigude, and Sandip A. Kale. "Selection of Material for Wind Turbine Blade by Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) Method." Applied Mechanics and Materials 612 (August 2014): 145–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.612.145.

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Wind energy and solar energy are prominent renewable energy options in the view of growing energy demand. Reliable small wind power produced at compatible price is the need of hour. Cost of the energy generation depends on the cost of the materials used, operating and maintenance cost, cost of the fuel. The material cost directly relates to the cost of the energy. Blade design plays significant role in any wind turbine design. In order to have long expected life of blade material selection is a crucial stage in blade design. Wood, Glass fiber, carbon fiber, natural fiber, sandwich composite materials are different material available for small wind turbine blades. Strength, durability, density, cost, and availability are the important properties to be considered during material selection of blade. The selection of material for wind turbine blade is an important stage in blade design. This paper presents a simple Analytic Hierarchy Process for material selection for the small wind turbine blade. AHP is one of the simplest and cost effective decision making method. In this work AHP is successfully applied for material selection for small wind turbine blade.

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17

Daslim, S., and A. Mursadin. "A Control Model for Reinforced Concrete Work Materials on the Construction of Duta Mall 2." Engineering, Technology & Applied Science Research 10, no. 2 (April 4, 2020): 5483–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.48084/etasr.3444.

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Controlling is a crucial stage in achieving a project target, covering aspects of cost, quality, and time. In the construction industry, the cost aspect is often the main focus. The project of Duta Mall 2 (DM 2) is the development of an existing building and the cost aspect is a major concern to the owner. Dynamic internal and external factors of the DM 2 project cause the project control to be quite difficult, with the materials becoming the most dominant factor in construction cost. Cost control starts from reinforced concrete work materials, consisting of ready mixed concrete, concrete steel, wire, plywood, timber, and nails. Bad control of material purchasing can lead to cost escalation, degradation of material quality, and impact on the execution schedule of works. This research was conducted to obtain quantitative correlations between material components based on reinforced concrete works material supply data. From these data, some linear regression models can be designed to obtain a more accurate and effective prediction of material volume needs in the future. Model equations can be applied to control material demand, measure waste, reference of material volume in arranging the project cost budget, in addition to the process in the control procedure of the request for goods (materials and equipment).

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18

Swale, Bill, Mauro Pizzingrilli, and E. McCullagh. "Superplastic Forming – Cost Effective." Key Engineering Materials 433 (March 2010): 41–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.433.41.

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When Superplastic Forming (SPF) was offered as a production process in the mid 70’s, it became the panacea of all processes for sheet metal products designed to be made from Titanium and Aluminium materials. The claims were (1) reduced part count (2) reduced assembly time (3) weight reduction (4) monolithic parts and (5) stronger structures. Following Pearson’s work in the mid 30’s with Lead-Tin and Bismuth-Tin alloys [1], showing higher than 1000% elongation without failure, the Aluminium industry developed SPF alloys and launched into numerous commercial applications. Other research facilities focused on the potential of achieving superplasticity in Titanium alloys. This was demonstrated in the late 60’s using the now well established Ti6Al4V alloy. Considerable funding was allocated, both in the USA & UK, specifically for the development of the process. The USA focused on the military programmes and the UK on the civil (Concord) and some military aircraft. Success in these programmes and the claims made, resulted with a production process. Companies invested in suitable plant and equipment, and designers grasped the process potential and applied SPF to their sheet metal designs expecting to reap the claimed benefits. The claims are valid if applied to correctly chosen components. All too often, the SPF manufacturing choice did not deliver its claims. In many cases cost of material, need to chemical mill and higher energy costs, were either not envisaged or taken into account. Today all processes, material cost and alternative material types have to be assessed before the manufacturing method is chosen. The aerospace industry is attacking the Buy-Fly ratio. Energy and labour cost are at a premium and these have caused the SPF and Hot Forming community to examine ways of producing products (a) from less material (b) by Hot Forming (eliminating the need to apply chemical milling to remove the alpha case) (c) questioning the material choice (CP instead of Ti6Al4V) and (d) by applying modern fabrication methods. The paper will illustrate this change in philosophy; shows today’s choices and demonstrate how the SPF process can be cost effective, and in fact still does have a major role to play in producing airframe and engine structures.

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19

Kumar, Sudhir, and Manish Chaudhary. "Utilization of Waste Polythene as Low Cost and Eco-Friendly Material in PPC Concrete." International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development Volume-2, Issue-3 (April 30, 2018): 2053–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.31142/ijtsrd11596.

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20

Supriya, Ms Londhe, and U. J. Phatak. "Development of Fabrication Material For Low Cost Housing Using Sisal Fiber Composite: Review Paper." Journal of Advances and Scholarly Researches in Allied Education 15, no. 2 (April 1, 2018): 442–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.29070/15/56863.

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21

Kovanicová, Dana. "Material Flow Cost Accounting in Czech Environment." European Financial and Accounting Journal 6, no. 1 (March 1, 2011): 7–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.18267/j.efaj.36.

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22

Leu, Horng-Guang, and Sheng H. Lin. "Cost–benefit analysis of resource material recycling." Resources, Conservation and Recycling 23, no. 3 (August 1998): 183–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0921-3449(98)00020-2.

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23

LeBlanc, Saniya, Shannon K. Yee, Matthew L. Scullin, Chris Dames, and Kenneth E. Goodson. "Material and manufacturing cost considerations for thermoelectrics." Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 32 (April 2014): 313–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2013.12.030.

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24

Luo, Wenjun, Changjie Xu, and Wennian Yu. "Cost Savings Resulting from Optimum Material Selection." Journal of Performance of Constructed Facilities 33, no. 2 (April 2019): 04019019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)cf.1943-5509.0001282.

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25

Roy, Ranjeet, and G. S. Dangayach. "Measuring productivity and material handling cost reduction." International Journal of Business and Systems Research 9, no. 3 (2015): 214. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijbsr.2015.071820.

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26

Hanna, Awad S., and Ahmed B. Senouci. "Material cost minimization of concrete wall forms." Building and Environment 32, no. 1 (January 1997): 57–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0360-1323(96)00037-6.

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27

Pepley, David F., Hong-En Chen, Yichun Tang, Sanjib Das Adhikary, Scarlett R. Miller, and Jason Z. Moore. "Low-Cost Haptic Simulation Using Material Fracture." IEEE Transactions on Haptics 12, no. 4 (October 1, 2019): 563–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/toh.2019.2914441.

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28

Perdue, Barbara C. "Material Cost Sensitivity: Some Consequences and Antecedents." International Journal of Purchasing and Materials Management 28, no. 3 (June 1992): 26–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-493x.1992.tb00568.x.

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29

Möller, Andreas. "Software-Tools für Material Flow Cost Accounting." uwf UmweltWirtschaftsForum 22, no. 2-3 (August 21, 2014): 181–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00550-014-0323-6.

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30

Jongebloed, W. L., G. van der Veen, D. Kalicharan, M. V. van Andel, G. Bartman, and J. G. F. Worst. "New material for low-cost intraocular lenses." Biomaterials 15, no. 10 (August 1994): 766–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0142-9612(94)90030-2.

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31

Li, Ai Min, Guo Qing Wang, and Jing Jing Zhang. "Logistics Cost Control of Railway Construction Projects Based on Material Classification Management and Material Supply Plan." Applied Mechanics and Materials 505-506 (January 2014): 399–404. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.505-506.399.

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To decrease the logistics cost effectively, this paper will fulfill the goal by materials supply plan management. The first step is the classifying of materials; it will find the key materials out to improve the efficiency and effectiveness of material management. Then its the material supply plan management of the key materials based on material requirement plan of railway construction.

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32

Shehu, Blerim. "RESERVES AND THE COST OF GOODS SOLD." KNOWLEDGE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL 30, no. 1 (March 20, 2019): 147–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.35120/kij3001147s.

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This topic is about the role of stocks of commodities located in the warehouse, these goods are in the form of finished products, auxiliary materials semi-products. Control of material goods by enterprise executives, information provided to auditors. With internal control we can find the exact cost of the reserves, the exact cost of the goods sold and we can accurately determine the amount they are in the warehouse. Through accurate records, the true amount of material goods is determined, eliminating doubt about the valuation of the material goods that are in stock. Reports accepted the auditors for the status of material goods at the warehouse, analyzed the handling method, the form of records, the accuracy of the data, the stocks are the property of the enterprise or remain or are mortgaged or mixed or damaged, measuring accuracy and material assets, the stock part of the balance sheet. The auditor should ensure that all necessary actions for the stocks held by the enterprise are recorded until the closing of the books, stocks are the most important balance sheet items, the role of reserve control is very important.

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33

Guenther, Edeltraud, Ramona Rieckhof, Matthias Walz, and Daniela Schrack. "Material flow cost accounting in the light of the traditional cost accounting." uwf UmweltWirtschaftsForum 25, no. 1-2 (April 26, 2017): 5–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00550-017-0446-7.

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34

Shofiana, Dina Eka, and Dwi Novita Sari. "ANALISIS PENGENDALIAN BAHAN BAKU JASA MAKLON DENGAN MENGGUNAKAN METODE EOQ (ECONOMIC ORDER QUALITY) BERBASIS BIG DATA LOGISTIK GUNA MEMINIMALISIR BIAYA PRODUKSI PADA PT BARATA INDONESIA (PERSERO)." Majalah Ilmiah Bijak 15, no. 2 (October 12, 2018): 138–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.31334/bijak.v15i2.202.

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This study aims to determine the control of raw materials by using EOQ (Economic Order Quality) method to minimize production costs in PT Barata Indonesia (Persero). This research uses Adeskriptif with qualitative approach.The results of this study indicate that the control of raw materials using the EOQ (Economic Order Quallity) method can minimize production costs in PT Barata Indonesia (Persero) as follows: Silica Sand raw material can minimize production cost of Rp 16,321,500. Fero Silicon minimize the production cost of Rp 7,520,550,000, the raw material of Fero Mangan Mc can minimize the cost of Rp 2,255,625,000, the raw material of Fero Mangan Hc can minimize the cost of Rp 1.098,600. the raw material of Scrap can minimize the cost of Rp 324,995,000.

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35

Platace, Laura, and Sandra Gusta. "Cost Estimate Reduction Using Analogue Building Materials." Baltic Journal of Real Estate Economics and Construction Management 4, no. 1 (November 1, 2016): 116–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/bjreecm-2016-0009.

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Abstract One of the most important parameters that is currently used in public and private procurement in building process is the lowest price. The legislation of Latvia permits that an estimate forming process does not include criterions of quality, durability, and the potential high cost of maintaining the building during the exploitation time. That allows the constructor to reduce the cost estimate by using cheaper construction product or technology and does not let to provide the highest possible quality and the basic principle of sustainable construction. One of possible construction cost reduction solutions is the replacement of building material with equal building material, at the same time assessing the quality and replacement impact on the direct costs of estimate. The tasks of the research are: (1) to do literature review on what is an estimate, what an estimate includes and the basis of estimate; (2) to analyse the existing construction estimate, to evaluate the used construction materials and to study technical characteristics of materials, to explore a specific construction junction; (3) to replace the selected construction materials with analogous, thus reducing the direct costs of estimate; (4) to evaluate the affect of the price of the construction material on quality; (5) to compare the obtained cost estimate with the current cost estimate; (6) to implement laboratory research and to compare technical characteristics of the construction materials and analogue materials in order to check if they are the performing parameters that are defined in the declaration of performance. After comparing of the obtained direct costs of construction and analysing the quality of construction materials it is possible to provide the most appropriate offer of the direct costs of estimate to satisfy the customer’s interests.

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36

Cramer, Lorinda. "Making ‘everything they want but boots’: Clothing Children in Victoria, Australia, 1840–1870." Costume 51, no. 2 (September 2017): 190–209. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/cost.2017.0024.

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Dress was charged with meaning in the British colonies. Its visual cues made dress an obvious vehicle for formulating identity in material ways, and as a communicative device it was a means to measure migrants of unknown social origin — though not always with success. This article explores children's clothing in south-eastern Australia during the decades spanning the mid-nineteenth century, when the Port Phillip District transformed from a pastoral settlement into the thriving gold-rush colony of Victoria, attracting migrants from around the globe. In particular, it focuses on the material practices of mothers in clothing their children. In considering the links between a mother's domestic needlework and expressions of identity, it develops the concept of clothing as a visible indicator to observers of a mother's care of and devotion to her children, while acknowledging the circumstances that may have influenced her sewing — shortages of labour and materials, isolation and the financial uncertainty of life in a new colony.

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37

RathinaKumar, V., K. Lalitha Priya, Prasanna Kumar.I, and C. Ravekumar. "Construction Material Management through Inventory Control Techniques." International Journal of Engineering & Technology 7, no. 3.12 (July 20, 2018): 899. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i3.12.16558.

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Objectives: A research has shown that the construction materials account for more than 55%-60% of the total expenditure of a project. Efficient material planning plays a major role in the successful handing over of a project within the estimated cost and schedule. Methods: This paper mainly focuses on materials planning and inventory control as these are the major aspects of material management. S-curve analysis is performed to measure the fluctuation between estimated materials cost and market materials cost. The major reasons for this are identified by interviewing engineers and contractors. Inventory control techniques such as ABC classification as well as EOQ analysis are conducted. Findings: The result of the S-curve analysis show that the actual materials cost is higher than the planned materials cost in most cases. ABC and EOQ analysis are applied to maintain sufficient stock in inventory and any given point of time, to protect the materials in the inventory against damages, to reduce inventory holding costs, to overcome stock-out problems and to maintain the inventory in an optimal level. Sensitivity check is applied to the results of EOQ analysis. The stock-out of A class and B class material problems faced in the construction site can be reduced by the application of ABC classification and BOQ analysis. The total expenditure of inventory is less after the adoption of these simple inventory control techniques. Conclusion: Instead of using costly software for inventory management, the engineers and contractors may use these simple inventory control techniques which are equally beneficial and economical.

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38

Song, Lingguang, Tanvir Mohammed, David Stayshich, and Neil Eldin. "A Cost Effective Material Tracking and Locating Solution for Material Laydown Yard." Procedia Engineering 123 (2015): 538–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.proeng.2015.10.106.

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39

KATO, Hiroyuki, Tomohiro KASHIWADA, and Katsuhiko SAKAI. "B02 Development of low cost CFRP composited material and its material characterization." Proceedings of The Manufacturing & Machine Tool Conference 2012.9 (2012): 75–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmemmt.2012.9.75.

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40

Brown, Travis L., Srinivasan Swaminathan, Srinivasan Chandrasekar, W. Dale Compton, Alexander H. King, and Kevin P. Trumble. "Low-cost manufacturing process for nanostructured metals and alloys." Journal of Materials Research 17, no. 10 (October 2002): 2484–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/jmr.2002.0362.

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In spite of their interesting properties, nanostructured materials have found limited uses because of the cost of preparation and the limited range of materials that can be synthesized. It has been shown that most of these limitations can be overcome by subjecting a material to large-scale deformation, as occurs during common machining operations. The chips produced during lathe machining of a variety of pure metals, steels, and other alloys are shown to be nanostructured with grain (crystal) sizes between 100 and 800 nm. The hardness of the chips is found to be significantly greater than that of the bulk material.

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41

Spodyniuk, N., I. Sukholova, and O. Dovbush. "Thermally conductive cost of the heat-insulating materials." Energy and automation, no. 5(51) (October 28, 2020): 98–109. http://dx.doi.org/10.31548/energiya2020.05.098.

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The article presents the results of theoretical research to achieve the maximum effect in determination of the economically feasible level of buildings thermal protection. It must be optimal both thermally and economically, an indicator of which there are the costs. Graphical and analytical dependences are given. The research results substantiate the maximum effect when different thermal insulating materials are used. The aim is to increase the efficiency of energy saving measures, reduce their cost by optimizing the cost of thermal energy and insulating materials, determining the optimization criteria and justification for choice the optimal insulating material and its thickness, and determining the optimal thermal resistance, identifying ways to improve energy efficiency and substantiation of the calculation method. One of the most common thermal renovation measures, namely insulation of external walls, is considered. An economic assessment has been conducted, which is an important factor in a certain energy-saving proposition. The solution of the problem is presented, which includes two stages. The result of the first stage is the selection of the optimal heat-insulating material. The second stage is a substantiation of economically expedient thickness of the heat-insulating material. The obtained results make it possible to increase the efficiency of energy saving in thermal renovation of buildings taking into account both energy and economic aspects. In this paper the results of mathematical provement of such factor importance as the thermally conductive cost of the heat-insulating material at their thickness optimization are presented.

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Madhusudanan, Swetha, and Lilly Rose Amirtham. "Optimization of Construction Cost Using Industrial Wastes in Alternative Building Material for Walls." Key Engineering Materials 692 (May 2016): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.692.1.

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Building materials constitute about 60%-70% of the total cost of construction. Reduction in the use of conventional materials may not be possible; therefore, an alternative solution to use low cost materials would reduce the overall construction cost of a building. Industrial wastes, when recycled and reused as a building materials, not only aid in overcoming disposal problems, but also conserve natural resources, decrease energy use, and reduce pollution caused during manufacturing processes, and consequently reduce greenhouse gas emissions. Materials such as Copper slag, Phospogypsum and Fly ash, when used as supplements for sand and coarse aggregate in the manufacture of wall materials, reduce the cost of construction considerably. Additionally, construction of buildings using these materials leads to more energy efficient buildings and can gain additional weightage (points) in Green building certification. The aim of this paper is to highlight the cost reduction in using alternative wall material for construction, through detailed analysis in an apartment building in Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India. A comparative study between the different materials used such as, bricks, fly ash blocks and Alternative blocks made of industrial waste (Madhusudanan 2015)) were taken into consideration to assess the unit cost of each material. Similarly, a study of the cost performance between a load bearing structure and a framed structure was made, and it was found that the overall construction cost has a greater impact for a load bearing building when compared to a framed structure.

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Chilukuri, R., R. Anderson, B. Rogers, and A. Syed. "Advances in WLCSP Technologies to Enable Cost Reduction." Journal of Microelectronics and Electronic Packaging 7, no. 3 (July 1, 2010): 160–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.4071/imaps.268.

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This paper will provide examples that significantly reduce overall package cost by removing photolithography layers. Each photomask layer removed saves in material costs, capital depreciation costs, overhead, and process cycle time. Materials, package size, and internal qualification vehicles are carefully chosen as part of Amkor's product introduction for the proposed process flows (CSPX3 and CSPX2). This paper examines material options for these structures, with a focus on the redistribution layer and solder alloys. Package level and board level reliability data along with a description of the failure modes are presented.

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Feiler, Alfred, and Robert Geminder. "Managing Project Technical, Cost and Schedule Risks." Journal of the IEST 29, no. 6 (November 1, 1986): 17–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.17764/jiet.1.29.6.d6r4n1g00410x0j3.

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An innovative technique for managing project risks in the aerospace and defense industry, that has been used on over 100 projects, is developed in this paper. The technique is, in effect, a "second generation PERT" that accounts for, and deals with, the many uncertainties that impact project schedule, resource and cost performance. Included are factors such as: specification uncertainties; design, material and process uncertainties; escalation of cost factors; availability of qualified contractors and specialized equipment; contractor productivity; timeliness of material, equipment, and information deliveries; transportation and logistics support; environmental factors; rejects, rework and other delays due to quality of materials and products; and, mechanical breakdown and malfunctions during system/component testing and commissioning.

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Al-Ahmad, Alaa Y., Furqan Almayhi, Mohammed F. Al-Mudhaffer, Matthew J. Griffith, Wenqing Liu, Shuixing Li, Kamilla Sivunova, et al. "A nuanced approach for assessing OPV materials for large scale applications." Sustainable Energy & Fuels 4, no. 2 (2020): 940–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9se01149h.

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A systematic approach for assessing organic photovoltaic (OPV) materials for large scale production based on the efficiency, lifetime and material cost has been developed. A Ω of 2.55 results in the following maximum material cost.

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KIM, KWANGIN, JUHEON LEE, HYUNJU LEE, and HAKSOO HAN. "Solventless UV Curable Material for Low Cost System." Transactions of the Korean hydrogen and new energy society 28, no. 1 (February 28, 2017): 77–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.7316/khnes.2017.28.1.77.

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Wang, Ya-Jun, Hui-Jie Yan, Zhang-Xuan Yin, Hao Zhang, and Shi-Qi Wang. "Cost Control of Material Substitution in Steel Enterprise." Open Mechanical Engineering Journal 9, no. 1 (October 7, 2015): 837–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1874155x01509010837.

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For dealing with cost control problems of material substitution in steel production process in make-to-order steel enterprise, we established the substitution rules of material substitution and built up the cost optimized controlling model for material substitution. The objective function of this model was to minimize the total cost of both stock and task lateness. We made use of Operations Research and Genetic Algorithm to solve this model. Finally, we also conducted the application research for the model and algorithm, and its promising future was revealed.

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Anjo, Yasuo. "Material Flow Cost Accounting (MFCA) and the Practice." Seikei-Kakou 27, no. 12 (November 20, 2015): 507–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.4325/seikeikakou.27.507.

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Diasanayake, M. A. K. L., G. K. R. Senadeera, H. N. M. Sarangika, P. M. P. C. Ekanayake, C. A. Thotawattage, H. K. D. W. M. N. R. Divarathne, and J. M. K. W. Kumari. "TiO2 as a Low Cost, Multi Functional Material." Materials Today: Proceedings 3 (2016): S40—S47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2016.01.006.

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Buehlmann, Urs, R. Edward Thomas, and Xiaoqui Zuo. "Cost minimization through optimized raw material quality composition." Robotics and Computer-Integrated Manufacturing 27, no. 4 (August 2011): 746–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rcim.2010.12.013.

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