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Journal articles on the topic 'Material declarations'
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Sunshine, Gregory, Nancy Barrera, Aubrey Joy Corcoran, and Matthew Penn. "Emergency Declarations for Public Health Issues: Expanding Our Definition of Emergency." Journal of Law, Medicine & Ethics 47, S2 (2019): 95–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1073110519857328.
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Emergency declarations are a vital legal authority that can activate funds, personnel, and material and change the legal landscape to aid in the response to a public health threat. Traditionally, declarations have been used against immediate and unforeseen threats such as hurricanes, tornadoes, wildfires, and pandemic influenza. Recently, however, states have used emergency declarations to address public health issues that have existed in communities for months and years and have risk factors such as poverty and substance misuse. Leaders in these states have chosen to use emergency powers that are normally reserved for sudden catastrophes to address these enduring public health issues. This article will explore emergency declarations as a legal mechanism for response; describe recent declarations to address hepatitis A and the opioid overdose epidemic; and seek to answer the question of whether it is appropriate to use emergency powers to address public health issues that are not traditionally the basis for an emergency declaration.
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Fetter, Steve. "Nuclear archaeology: Verifying declarations of fissile‐material production." Science & Global Security 3, no. 3-4 (March 1993): 237–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/08929889308426386.
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Babenko, L. G., and A. V. Elston-Biron. "Discourse “Declaration of Love”: Problem of Automatic Identification (Works of A. P. Chekhov»)." Nauchnyi dialog 1, no. 7 (July 29, 2021): 9–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.24224/2227-1295-2021-7-9-26.
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The problem of revealing the “Declaration of Love” discourse in works of art is considered. The author’s development on the automatic detection of the situation of declaration of love, tested on the material of the work of A. P. Chekhov, is presented. The search was carried out on the basis of the Russian National Corpus. In total, more than 200 texts have been identified containing textual representations of the situation of declaration of love. 40 out of 200 texts are identified by the authors of the article as the most fully representative of the desired situation. The set of textual passages describing it is viewed as a cognitive-discursive set of declarations of love. The development of the algorithm was carried out based on the identification of the cognitive schemes of the writer and the statistical analysis of the lexical composition of the situation of declaration of love. Among the frequency components of the cognitive model, which A. P. Chekhov follows in describing the process of declaring love, an open space filled with plants, birds, etc. was revealed. In the general cognitive-discursive set of declarations of love, the nuclear and satellite zones were identified and analyzed, the lexical components of which belong to certain functional-semantic classes and functional-semantic groups.
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von HIPPEL, FRANK N. "Consistency Tests for the Declarations of U.S. Fissile-Material Production." Science & Global Security 19, no. 1 (April 25, 2011): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/08929882.2011.566443.
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Schroeder, Horst, and Manfred Lemke. "Sustainability of earth building materials - Environmental product declarations as an instrument of competition in building material industry." VITRUVIO - International Journal of Architectural Technology and Sustainability, no. 1 (December 29, 2015): 45. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/vitruvio-ijats.2015.4474.
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<p>The evaluation of the building process in terms of their environmental impact in all life cycle phases of a building leads to the key principle of sustainable building: the analysis of the life cycle of the materials used in a building. The goal of this analysis is to reduce waste and keep the environmental impact as low as possible by “closing” the cycle. During an inventory, the entire life cycle is assessed. This includes the sourcing and extracting of the raw material, the use of the raw material to produce building products, elements and structures, the use in finished buildings including emission of pollutants, decay and maintenance, and, finally, the demolition of the building and the recycling of the demolition materials. Transportation between the individual phases as well as production-related material and energy flows are also included in this evaluation.</p><p>Several European and national norms and regulations define core rules and a special instrument for the evaluation of the sustainable quality of a building product based on a quantitative analysis of the life cycle of the materials used in a building: the Environmental Product Declaration EPD. These documents are voluntary standards, commitments or guarantees for building products. They are provided by producers, organizations and quality assurance associations in order to establish the “environmental performance” of buildings in the form of a certificate. Such declarations must fully include all phases of the life cycle of a product by describing the environmental impact during production and use as well as possible health hazards for the users.</p><p>Until now, EPDs for earth building products do not exist. This paper will give current information about a project for developing EPDs for earth mortars and earth blocks started by the German Dachverband Lehm e.V. (DVL).</p>
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Glaser, Alexander. "FACILITATING NUCLEAR DISARMAMENT: Verified Declarations of Fissile Material Stocks and Production." Nonproliferation Review 19, no. 1 (March 2012): 125–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10736700.2012.655092.
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Podvig, Pavel, and Joseph Rodgers. "Deferred verification: verifiable declarations of fissile-material stocks for disarmament purposes." Nonproliferation Review 26, no. 3-4 (May 4, 2019): 209–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10736700.2019.1628414.
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Willingham, D., B. E. Naes, K. A. Burns, and B. D. Reid. "Secondary ion mass spectrometry signatures for verifying declarations of fissile‐material production." Applied Radiation and Isotopes 97 (March 2015): 125–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apradiso.2014.12.015.
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Chaichannawatik, Bhawat, Tawatchai Laosirihongthong, Tassana Boonyoo, and Suniti Suparp. "Comparison of Pavement Response Analysis between a 18-Axles Truck and Standard Thai Truck." Applied Mechanics and Materials 752-753 (April 2015): 433–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.752-753.433.
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This article intends to present the pavement response analysis due to the 18-axles special truck used to transport a 400 tons generator parts. According to the DOH Declarations issued in 2005, DOH had issued the additional declarations containing special trucks or vehicles for overloaded transportation, proper axle and gross weights of each type of vehicles. However, the strain of the special truck must be less than the standard Thai truck (Truck25). The typical asphalt pavement is modeled and performed based on layered elastic analysis theory. The pavement is loaded with 18-axle truck. The maximum tensile strains under asphaltic concrete layer and compression strains on base, subbase, selected material and subgrade for special truck load are 234.4 ,618.1, 494.4, 422.9, and 772.3 με, respectively. However, the maximum compressive strains on selected material and subgrade of the special 18-axle truck was exceeded the standard Thai truck.
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Orondo, Jorge, and César Bedoya. "Sustainability Assessment Tool for Façade Cladding." Advanced Materials Research 356-360 (October 2011): 717–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.356-360.717.
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This paper introduces a sustainability assessment tool for façade cladding. This tool bases its evaluation on the economic and environmental properties of the materials. Normally, in the project process and later construction it will be difficult to assume the price and time of doing a life-cycle assessment (LCA) for each material and building system. Because of this, and until the environmental product declarations (EPD) are more used, this tool will give quick and easily enough arguments to select, according to its sustainability, the ideal façade cladding.
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Aditiawarman, Mac, and Rera Abel Gemilang. "Analysis Of Symbols, Declarations and Punctuations Through Conversion of C Language Into English Language With Borland C++." Jurnal Ilmiah Langue and Parole 3, no. 2 (August 31, 2020): 43–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.36057/jilp.v3i2.435.
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This research with the title The analysis of symbols, punctuations and declarations in C language is analyzed accordingly by conversion in order to find the perspective of language: structuralism, meaning, and functionalism, while keeping both of English and computer subject in process for the research. This research has limitation by the chosen of platform and software with Borland C++, the source of the datum also considered to be the basic material so that this thesis doesn’t has many problems to solve.By the observation method which is followed by these three crucial problems: (1) The Identification of semiotic problem in symbols from computer language to English language, (2) The Identification of semiotic problem in declarations from computer language to English language, (3) The Identification of semiotic problem in declarations from computer language to English language.
The implication of the problem here is how the researcher convert the C language into English language patterns.The purpose of this research is equally to identify and analyze the symbols, punctuations and declarations from the Borland C++ platform and converting it into English comprehensions. Furthermore, this research is expected to familiarize the reader with which semiotics usually use in C or programming language and what’s their significant in English language.In this research, the researcher utilizes semiotics theory and computer programming theory which these two subjects combined together and creating the subject of interdisciplinary called Computational Semiotic.
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Gelowitz, M. D. C., and J. J. McArthur. "Comparison of type III environmental product declarations for construction products: Material sourcing and harmonization evaluation." Journal of Cleaner Production 157 (July 2017): 125–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2017.04.133.
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Norris, Emma, Yiwei He, Rachel Loh, Robert West, and Susan Michie. "Assessing Markers of Reproducibility and Transparency in Smoking Behaviour Change Intervention Evaluations." Journal of Smoking Cessation 2021 (January 13, 2021): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/6694386.
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Introduction. Activities promoting research reproducibility and transparency are crucial for generating trustworthy evidence. Evaluation of smoking interventions is one area where vested interests may motivate reduced reproducibility and transparency. Aims. Assess markers of transparency and reproducibility in smoking behaviour change intervention evaluation reports. Methods. One hundred evaluation reports of smoking behaviour change intervention randomised controlled trials published in 2018-2019 were identified. Reproducibility markers of pre-registration; protocol sharing; data, material, and analysis script sharing; replication of a previous study; and open access publication were coded in identified reports. Transparency markers of funding and conflict of interest declarations were also coded. Coding was performed by two researchers, with inter-rater reliability calculated using Krippendorff’s alpha. Results. Seventy-one percent of reports were open access, and 73% were pre-registered. However, there are only 13% provided accessible materials, 7% accessible data, and 1% accessible analysis scripts. No reports were replication studies. Ninety-four percent of reports provided a funding source statement, and eighty-eight percent of reports provided a conflict of interest statement. Conclusions. Open data, materials, analysis, and replications are rare in smoking behaviour change interventions, whereas funding source and conflict of interest declarations are common. Future smoking research should be more reproducible to enable knowledge accumulation. This study was pre-registered: https://osf.io/yqj5p.
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Pielichowski, Jerzy. "KORELACJA WAD OŚWIADCZENIA WOLI PRZY ZAWARCIU MAŁŻEŃSTWA NA GRUNCIE PRAWA KANONICZNEGO I POLSKIEGO." Zeszyty Prawnicze 12, no. 3 (December 16, 2016): 61. http://dx.doi.org/10.21697/zp.2012.12.3.03.
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CORRELATION OF DEFECTS OF DECLARATION OF INTENT WHEN ENTERING INTO MATRIMONY UNDER CANON LAW CODE AND FAMILY AND GUARDIANSHIP CODE Summary The analysis concerns the intertwining of the areas of secular and canon law with regard to defects of a declaration of will at the time of contracting a marriage. The author proceeds from an analysis of the historic background to denominational marriages starting with the 1557 Synod of Piotrków, until the 1917 enactment of the Canon Law Code (Kodeks Prawa Kanonicznego, „KPK”), when a uniform approach to marriage was adopted in the whole Universal Church. He goes on to look into the question of the forms of contracting a marriage, both the ordinary and the extraordinary form, based on the provisions of the Canon Law Code from 1983. A further part of the analysis looks back at the historical evolution of the regulations relating to the defects of the declaration of will in Polish matrimonial legislation, with emphasis on the periods when Poland was partitioned by the neighboring powers and on post-WWII Polish and international legislation relating to family matters. The article ends with an analysis of the defects of declarations of intent made in connection with entering into matrimony under the KPK and under the Family and Guardianship Code („KRO”). Under the former, these include: the lack of sufficient use of reason, significant absence of the person’s awareness of material marital rights and duties, mental inability to accept significant marital duties, error, trickery, simulation of marital consent, conditional consent, coercion or fear, while under KRO these would include: lack of awareness of a declaration of will, mistake concerning a person and threat.
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Niekrewicz, Agnieszka A. "Hashtagi jako perswazyjne akty mowy." Język. Religia. Tożsamość. 1, no. 23 (July 29, 2021): 95–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0015.0294.
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The purpose of the paper is to characterize hashtags treated as potentially autonomous statements of a specific intention. The analysis used the J. Searle's theory of speech acts, which made it possible to explain the linguistic actions undertaken through the use of hashtags. Particular attention has been paid to speech acts whose purpose is to change the recipient's attitude or persuade him to behave in a certain way. In the material excerpted from the social media, assertions, directives, commissions, expressions, mock declarations, and polyfunctional units, subordinated to various intentions, were distinguished.
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Johns, Jeremy. "Archaeology and the History of Early Islam: The First Seventy Years." Journal of the Economic and Social History of the Orient 46, no. 4 (2003): 411–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156852003772914848.
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AbstractThe rarity of material evidence for the religion of Islam during the first seventy years of the hijra (622-92 CE) has been used to attack the traditional positivist account of the rise of Islam. However, the earliest declarations of Islam are to be found on media produced by the early Islamic state. It is therefore mistake to read too much significance into the absence of such declarations prior to the formation of that state by Abd al-Malik (685-705 CE). There is little prospect that archaeology will uncover new evidence of Islam from the first seventy years. Le manque de données matérielles sur la religion de l'Islam pendant les sept premières décennies de l'hégire (622-92) a été utilisé pour réfuter la théorie positiviste traditionelle de l'essor de l'Islam. Cependant, les premières déclarations de l'Islam sont à trouver dans des oeuvres produites par l'Etat islamique à ses débuts. Il est donc erroné d'attribuer trop de sens à l'absence de telles déclarations avant la formation de cet Etat par Abd al-Malik (685-705). Il y a peu de perspectives de nouvelles découvertes archéologiques sur l'Islam des sept premières décennies.
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Tudor, Keith, and Charles Grinter. "Informing Consent for the Publication of Case Material." Ata: Journal of Psychotherapy Aotearoa New Zealand 18, no. 1 (October 1, 2014): 51–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.9791/ajpanz.2014.05.
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In this article, the authors examine the ethical issues involved in the use of case studies by health professionals when presenting research, specifically focusing on how informed consent is obtained from or, rather, negotiated with the client. It is argued that collecting personal information for the purposes of healing is not the same as collecting it for the purposes of research and, therefore, that informed and voluntary consent for this use is essential. The theoretical principles covering ethics in research are discussed in relation to the use of case studies in publications, based on international codes and declarations, on Te Tiriti o Waitangi, and framed in a relational paradigm. Practical considerations and recommendations for those writing for journals and, specifically, this journal, are presented and promoted.
Waitara
I tēnei tuhinga ka arotakehia e ngā kaituhi ngā take matatika o te whakamahi a ngā ngaio hauora i ngā tauria whaiaro i roto i ā rātou mahi rangahau. Ko te kīi, he rerekā anō te kaupapa kohi korero whaiaro hai whai oranga ki tērā o te kohikohi korero hai mahi rangahau. Nā tēnei, me mātua whakatau korero mātau, whai whakaaetanga hoki ēnei momo mahi. Ka matapakihia nga mātāpono haukoti i te matatika rangahau ki te whakaurunga o ngā tauira whaiaro ki ngā tuhinga whakaputa, e ai ki ngā tohu me ngā whakahau o te ao me tā Te Tiriti o Waitangi: ka horaina, ka tautokohia ngā whakatauhanga whakaaro me ngā whakaritenga mā te hunga e tuhi ana mō ngā huataka, tohutika ki tēnei huataka.
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Nobile, Marta, Elena Garavelli, Barbara Gagliardi, Silvia Giovanelli, Paolo Rebulla, Concetta Caccami, Diego Iemmi, Federico Saibene, and Silvana Castaldi. "REXIC project: retrospective cross-sectional study of documentation of informed consent for research biobanking in a public research and teaching hospital." Journal of Public Health Research 2, no. 1 (July 23, 2013): 10. http://dx.doi.org/10.4081/jphr.2013.e10.
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<em>Background</em>. The Center for Transfusion Medicine, Cell Therapy and Cryobiology, Milan, Northern Italy, is the headquarter of the POLI-MI biobank. It co-ordinates the biobank activities of the Fondazione Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico of Milan. Such activities require specific safeguarding of donors’ rights and protection of sensitive and genetic data. The Fondazione Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico has set up a project on informed consent with the aim of developing awareness and understanding of this issue. Within this project, it has been decided to evaluate how consent for biobanking material is expressed. <em>Design and methods.</em> The aim of the study was to evaluate the quality and completeness of consent to biobanking in the POLI-MI biobank. This was a retrospective study carried out in 2012 on samples of consent declarations collected by biobank units in 2011. Some units used a single, standard consent model available from a previous POLI-MI biobank workgroup. Other units used models which had been previouly formulated. Evaluation was made using a form that indicated the essential elements of consent. <em>Results</em>. A total of 48 consent declarations were collected using the single, standard model and 84 were collected using other models. The consent declarations that used the single, standard model were found to be the most complete and were filled in better than other models. <em>Conclusions</em>. Progressive adoption of a simple, standard consent model is expected to improve the quality of consent acquisition. Regular audit of the compliance of consent practices with ethical and legal requirements is mandatory to improve the quality of research biobanking.
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Harré, Rom. "The Complexity of Wittgenstein's Methods." Philosophy 83, no. 2 (April 2008): 255–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0031819108000491.
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AbstractIn claiming to draw out an inconsistency between Wittgenstein's declarations on method and his actual practice, John Cook argues that Wittgenstein retained a radical distinction between material things (bricks) and immaterial things (spooks). I argue that on the contrary Wittgenstein showed in detail how this dichotomy is to be rejected in favour of a spectrum of more or less ‘minded' beings, at one pole of which are persons as animated bodies. Discussing the grammar of ‘know', Cook claims that Wittgenstein depended on philosophers' distinctions rather than a surview of vernacular uses. I argue that it was the expression/description distinction that Wittgenstein used to make sense of the grammar of ‘know'.
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Scobbie, Iain G. M., and Catriona J. Drew. "Self-Determination Undetermined: The Case of East Timor." Leiden Journal of International Law 9, no. 1 (March 1996): 185–211. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0922156596000131.
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On 22 February 1991, Portugal filed a case against Australia in the Registry of the International Court of Justice (ICJ) instituting proceedings in a dispute concerning “certain activities of Australia with regard to East Timor”. The impetus behind the case was the conclusion of the Timor Gap Treaty between Australia and Indonesia in December 1989. The application alleged that Australia's conduct had caused “particularly serious legal and moral damage to the people of East Timor and to Portugal, which will become material damage also if the exploitation of hydrocarbon resources begins.” Jurisdiction was founded on the parties' declarations under Article 36(2) of the Statute.
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Kurian, Rosaliya, Kishor Sitaram Kulkarni, Prasanna Venkatesan Ramani, Chandan Swaroop Meena, Ashok Kumar, and Raffaello Cozzolino. "Estimation of Carbon Footprint of Residential Building in Warm Humid Climate of India through BIM." Energies 14, no. 14 (July 14, 2021): 4237. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14144237.
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In recent years Asian Nations showed concern over the Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) of their civil infrastructure. This study presents a contextual investigation of a residential apartment complex in the territory of the southern part of India. The LCA is performed through Building Information Modelling (BIM) software embedded with Environmental Product Declarations (EPDs) of materials utilized in construction, transportation of materials and operational energy use throughout the building lifecycle. The results of the study illustrate that cement is the material that most contributes to carbon emissions among the other materials looked at in this study. The operational stage contributed the highest amount of carbon emissions. This study emphasizes variation in the LCA results based on the selection of a combination of definite software-database combinations and manual-database computations used. For this, three LCA databases were adopted (GaBi database and ecoinvent databases through One Click LCA software), and the ICE database was used for manual calculations. The ICE database showed realistic value comparing the GaBi and ecoinvent databases. The findings of this study are valuable for the policymakers and practitioners to accomplish optimization of Greenhouse Gas (GHG) emissions over the building life cycle.
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Tellnes, Lars G. F., Gry Alfredsen, Per Otto Flæte, and Lone Ross Gobakken. "Effect of service life aspects on carbon footprint: a comparison of wood decking products." Holzforschung 74, no. 4 (March 26, 2020): 426–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/hf-2019-0055.
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AbstractCarbon footprint over the life cycle is one of the most common environmental performance indicators. In recent years, several wood material producers have published environmental product declarations (EPDs) according to the EN 15804, which makes it possible to compare the carbon footprint of product alternatives. The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of service life aspects by comparing the carbon footprint of treated wood decking products with similar performance expectations. The results showed that the modified wood products had substantially larger carbon footprints during manufacturing than preservative-treated decking materials. Replacement of modified wood during service life creates a huge impact on life cycle carbon footprint, while maintenance with oil provided a large contribution for preservative-treated decking. Hence, service life and maintenance intervals are crucial for the performance ranking between products. The methodological issues to be aware of are: how the functional unit specifies the key performance requirements for the installed product, and whether full replacement is the best modeling option in cases where the decking installation is close to the end of the required service life.
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Lecaj, Mentor. "Interpretation of the Peaceful Use of Nuclear Energy in the Nonproliferation Treaty." European Journal of Social Sciences Education and Research 6, no. 1 (April 30, 2016): 201. http://dx.doi.org/10.26417/ejser.v6i1.p201-205.
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The peaceful use of nuclear program, nuclear non-proliferation and disarmament are the main pillars of the NPT. These three key treaty elements are closely related one to another. The purpose of this article is to explain the necessity of export controls now, who established as international norms, the balance between the use of nuclear material and security from danger activities and noncompliance with international security measure regime. The methodology to be used in this paper, it will be analysis of literature and interpretative methods of international legal acts and declarations of states representatives which are involved in resolving nuclear international issues. Taken in consideration the existing literature on this issue, this paper modestly will fulfill the scientific gap in terms of interpretation of use of nuclear peaceful energy in NPT.
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Knight, Steve. "A Short Story about XML Schemas, Digital Preservation and Format Libraries." International Journal of Digital Curation 7, no. 1 (March 9, 2012): 72–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.2218/ijdc.v7i1.215.
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One morning we came in to work to find that one of our servers had made 1.5 million attempts to contact an external server in the preceding hour. It turned out that the calls were being generated by the Library’s digital preservation system (Rosetta) while attempting to validate XML Schema Definition (XSD) declarations included in the XML files of the Library’s online newspaper application Papers Past, which we were in the process of loading into Rosetta. This paper describes our response to this situation and outlines some of the issues that needed to be canvassed before we were able to arrive at a suitable solution, including the digital preservation status of these XSDs; their impact on validation tools, such as JHOVE; and where these objects should reside if they are considered material to the digital preservation process.
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KARUNATHILAKA, SANJEEWA R., BETSY JEAN YAKES, SUNG HWAN CHOI, LEA BRÜCKNER, and MAGDI M. MOSSOBA. "Comparison of the Performance of Partial Least Squares and Support Vector Regressions for Predicting Fatty Acids and Fatty Acid Classes in Marine Oil Dietary Supplements by Using Vibrational Spectroscopic Data." Journal of Food Protection 83, no. 5 (February 6, 2020): 881–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/jfp-19-563.
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ABSTRACT Simple, fast, and accurate analytical techniques for verifying the accuracy of label declarations for marine oil dietary supplements containing eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) are required because of the increased consumption of these products. We recently developed broad-based partial least squares regression (PLS-R) models to quantify six fatty acids (FAs) and FA classes by using the spectroscopic data from a portable Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) device and a benchtop Fourier transform near infrared (FT-NIR) spectrometer. We developed an improved quantification method for these FAs and FA classes by incorporating a nonlinear calibration approach based on the machine learning technique support vector machines. For the two spectroscopic methods, high accuracy in prediction was indicated by low root mean square error of prediction and by correlation coefficients (R2) close to 1, indicating excellent model performance. The percent accuracy of the support vector regression (SV-R) model predicted values for EPA and DHA in the reference material was 90 to 110%. In comparison to PLS-R, SV-R accuracy for prediction of FA and FA class concentrations was up to 2.4 times higher for both ATR-FTIR and FT-NIR spectroscopic data. The SV-R models also provided closer agreement with the certified and reference values for the prediction of EPA and DHA in the reference standard. Based on our findings, the SV-R methods had superior accuracy and predictive quality for predicting the FA concentrations in marine oil dietary supplements. The combination of SV-R with ATR-FTIR and/or FT-NIR spectroscopic data can potentially be applied for the rapid screening of marine oil products to verify the accuracy of label declarations. HIGHLIGHTS
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Hill, Callum, Mark Hughes, and Daniel Gudsell. "Environmental Impact of Wood Modification." Coatings 11, no. 3 (March 23, 2021): 366. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/coatings11030366.
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The modification of wood involves extra processing over and above what is associated with un-modified material and this will involve an associated environmental impact. There is now a body of information on this due to the presence in the public domain of a number of environmental product declarations (EPDs). Using these data, it is possible to determine what the extra impact associated with the modification is. The process of modification results in a life extension of the product, which has implications regarding the storage of sequestered atmospheric carbon in the harvested wood products (HWP) materials’ pool and also extended maintenance cycles (e.g., longer periods between applying coatings). Furthermore, the life extension benefits imparted by wood modification need to be compared with the use of other technologies, such as conventional wood preservatives. This paper analysed the published data from a number of sources (peer-reviewed literature, published EPDs, databases) to compare the impacts associated with different modification technologies. The effect of life extension was examined by modelling the carbon flow dynamics of the HWP pool and determining the effect of different life extension scenarios. Finally, the paper examined the impact of different coating periods, and the extensions thereof, imparted by the use of different modified wood substrates.
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Tornel, Carlos. "Petro-populism and infrastructural energy landscapes: The case of Mexico’s Dos Bocas Refinery." Nordia Geographical Publications 49, no. 5 (January 12, 2021): 6–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.30671/nordia.98353.
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In 2018, recently elected presidential candidate Andres Manuel Lopez Obrador (AMLO) promised the construction of a new refinery in Mexico. Arguing a lack of energy independence and the urgent need to ‘rescue’ petro-state giant PEMEX and the stateowned electricity company CFE from the mismanagement and neoliberal policies of previous administrations, the Dos Bocas Refinery (DBR) became one of the main flagship projects of AMLO’s administration symbolizing a discourse of energy security and national pride. This paper reviews the process of approval and construction of the refinery by assessing, the material and relational character of energy infrastructure, the “politics and poetics” that are built into the promises of infrastructure projects, and the shifting temporalities of infrastructure and their interaction with emerging ‘petropopulist landscapes’ which serve as material evidence of oil-led development. Drawing on Anthropology's and Geography’s ‘infrastructural turn’, this paper reviews a series of government documents, speeches and declarations supported by interviews with energy experts to understand the symbolic meaning of energy infrastructure and how the DBR has become deeply entangled with a nationalist political project which has instituted an inertial path-dependence towards the continued use of fossil fuels, off-staging other concerns associated to climate change and the energy transition at the national level.
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Vladimirov, Victor, and Ioan Bica. "Methodology and calculation model for recycling of composite construction products." E3S Web of Conferences 85 (2019): 07016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20198507016.
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The circular economy development has increased awareness on how construction products are treated at the end-of-life stage (EoL). With a growing recognition of the finite nature of primary resources, manufacturing processes are being shifted from the traditional take-make-dispose approach to a greater holistic practice, where valuable and/or scarce substances are recovered at the end of a product’s life. Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) is gaining wider attractiveness, as assessment of environmental impacts constitutes an effective quantitative decision tool to identifying sustainable solutions. At the same time, existing guidelines, technical specifications and methods for LCA assessment at EoL are rather heterogeneous regarding modelling and calculation of related secondary material and energy streams. For construction products, category rules for Environmental Product Declarations (EPD) according to EN 15804 (issued through the European Committee for Standardization) and the Product Environmental Footprint (PEF) (developed by the European Commission) currently represent the most advanced methodological references. The study presents the methodological approach per EN 15804, describing the benefits and loads beyond the typical disposal stage. Thus, the environmental impacts of a construction element can be credited in accord to its material and energetic recycling potential. An applied model is realized for water pipes made of composite material. The calculation is exemplified and comparative results of allocation scenarios per EN 15804 and PEF are discussed, demonstrating correlations between the normative requirements and their application. The results support further identification, assessment and ranking of recycling alternatives (i.e. mechanical, thermal, chemical).
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Haag, Volker, Valentina Theresia Zemke, Tim Lewandrowski, Johannes Zahnen, Peter Hirschberger, Ulrich Bick, and Gerald Koch. "The European charcoal trade." IAWA Journal 41, no. 4 (September 11, 2020): 463–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22941932-bja10017.
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Abstract About half the wood extracted worldwide from forests is used as fuelwood to produce energy, about 17 percent is converted to charcoal (FAO 2017) which represents one of the least controlled/monitored segments of the European timber market. Although charcoal has a significant share on the European market of wood-based products it is not yet covered by the European Timber Regulations (EUTR), (EU) No 995/2010. For this project, a total of 150 charcoal consignments from eleven countries (Germany, Poland, Switzerland, Spain, Italy, Norway, Denmark, Netherlands, Ukraine, Czech Republic, and Belgium) were examined and evaluated based on the 3D-reflected light microscopy technique. The high-resolution study indicates the proportion of different European timbers compared with that of timbers from subtropical and tropical regions. The share of subtropical and tropical species is surprisingly high with approximately 46% for material received from all countries studied, but far over 60% for Spain, Italy, Poland, and Belgium. The study shows that comparing the results for charcoal received from these countries there is an inversely proportional relation of certified products (FSC and PEFC) and products with timbers from subtropical or tropical origins. In the charcoal consignments from Switzerland, the share of timbers from subtropical or tropical origin is only 13.5%, whereas that of certified products is 60%. In material received from Spain, the proportion of timbers from subtropical or tropical regions is 67%, whereas that of certified products only 8%. A careful check of the declaration on the packaging, of the accompanying certificates, and the information on origin revealed alarming evidence: only 25% of the consignments examined provide information on the bags, e.g., with regard to the processed wood species; and well over half of such declarations were incorrect and/or incomplete. A trade flow analysis of EU member states was carried out to contribute to a better understanding of the relationships between international charcoal trade flows and the end products in European countries. This approach contributes to an essential understanding of charcoal transit in Europe and the results constitute a strong motive for the inclusion of charcoal in the respective annex to the EUTR.
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Chase, G. William, Ronald R. Eitenmiller, and Austin R. Long. "A Liquid Chromatographic Method for Analysis of AU-Rac-α-Tocopheryl Acetate and Retinyl Palmitate in Medical Food Using Matrix Solid-Phase Dispersion in Conjunction with a Zero Reference Material as a Method Development Tool." Journal of AOAC INTERNATIONAL 82, no. 1 (January 1, 1999): 107–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jaoac/82.1.107.
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Abstract A liquid chromatographic method is described for analysis of all-rac-α-tocopheryl acetate and retinyl palmitate in medical food. The vitamins are extracted from medical food without saponification by matrix solid-phase dispersion and chromatographed by normal-phase chromatography with fluorescence detection. Retinyl palmitate and all-rac-α-tocopheryl acetate are quantitated isocratically with a mobile phase of 0.125% (v/v) and 0.5% (v/v) isopropyl alcohol in hexane, respectively. Results compared favorably with label declarations on retail medical foods. Recoveries determined on an analyte-fortified zero reference material for a milk-based medical food averaged 98.3% (n = 25) for retinyl palmitate spikes and 95.7% (n = 25) for all-rac-α-tocopheryl acetate spikes. Five concentrations were examined for each analyte, and results were linear (r2 = 0.995 for retinyl palmitate and 0.9998 for all-rac-α-tocopheryl acetate) over the concentration range examined, with coefficients of variation in the range 0.81-4.22%. The method provides a rapid, specific, and easily controlled assay for analysis of retinyl palmitate and all-rac-α-toco-pheryl acetate in fortified medical foods.
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Skiert, Małgorzata, and Krystyna Buchta. "The Vocational Skills of Graduates with a Degree in Tourism and Recreation in the Context of the National Qualifications Framework." Polish Journal of Sport and Tourism 20, no. 2 (June 1, 2013): 147–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/pjst-2013-0014.
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Abstract Introduction. The paper discusses the issue of vocational skills amongst students of university studies in tourism and recreation at the Josef Pilsudski University of Physical Education in Warsaw, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport in Biała Podlaska. The objective of the research, whose results are presented in the current paper, was to diagnose the results of studies at undergraduate and postgraduate level in relation to their knowledge, skills and social competencies. Material and methods. Research was carried out in June 2012 by means of a diagnostic poll using the random survey technique. The survey encompassed students graduating from undergraduate and graduate programmes (N=199). Results. Analyses indicated that students of both programmes evaluate their knowledge and skills acquired in the course of studies as low. On the other hand, students evaluated their social competencies, in particular those connected with the university's profile, as high. According to respondents' declarations, the level of knowledge, skills and other competencies acquired in the course of undergraduate and graduate studies does not fully meet respondents' requirements.
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Spurlock, R. Scott. "Cromwell's Edinburgh Press and the Development of Print Culture in Scotland." Scottish Historical Review 90, no. 2 (October 2011): 179–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/shr.2011.0033.
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Alasdair Mann, the noted scholar of book culture in early modern Scotland, has suggested that a significant change had occurred in Scotland's relationship with the printed word by the late seventeenth century. This study sets out to explain how the interregnum served as a ‘watershed’ during which a consumer demand was created for popular print and how this in turn necessitated a significant increase in the production and distribution of printed material. Beginning with the sale of the press and patent of Evan Tyler to the London Stationers’ Company in 1647, the article charts the key factors that transformed Scotland's printing industry from the production of official declarations and works for foreign markets to the production of polemical texts for a Scottish audience. These developments also witnessed publication of the first serial news journal and the growth of a competitive market for up-to-date printed news. More than just an anomaly that flourished during a decade of occupation, these fundamental changes altered Scotland by introducing the large-scale consumption of chapbooks and printed ephemera, thereby initiating the nation's enduring print culture.
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Weismann, Paul. "Peoples’ Right to Self-Determination." International Community Law Review 21, no. 5 (November 12, 2019): 463–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/18719732-12341414.
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Abstract The Chagos Archipelago is a small group of islands and atolls in the Indian Ocean which traditionally has belonged to Mauritius. In 1965, when Mauritius was still a colony of the UK, the Chagos Archipelago was detached from Mauritius and the UK allowed the US to establish a military base on this territory. These occurrences have been highly disputed ever since. In February 2019, the International Court of Justice (ICJ), upon request by the UN General Assembly, has rendered its Advisory Opinion on a number of legal issues concerning the case. This contribution aims at presenting and discussing the facts of the case and its main legal aspects, encompassing material questions on the peoples’ right to self-determination, on territorial integrity and on international responsibility, but also procedural questions relating to the scope of the jurisdiction of the ICJ. In this context, not only the Advisory Opinion of the Court shall be analysed, but also the Separate Opinions and Declarations and in particular the Dissenting Opinion rendered by Judge Donoghue will be taken into account.
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Pelevin, Mikhail. "Ethnic Consciousness of Pashtun Tribal Rulers in Pre-Modern Times." IRAN and the CAUCASUS 19, no. 2 (June 24, 2015): 117–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/1573384x-20150202.
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The article examines statements on Pashtun ethnicity from the original Pashto prose texts written by the Khaṯak tribal rulers Khūshḥāl Khān (d. 1689) and Afżal Khān (d. circa 1740/41) and included in the corpus of the historiographical compilation Tārīkh-i muraṣṣa‘ (The Ornamented History). Under discussion are conceptual roots of the Pashtun ethnic identity in tribal genealogical traditions and ethical regulations (Code of Honour) of the Pashtun customary law, main hierarchal levels (national, tribal, clannish) within the ethnic consciousness of the Khaṯak chiefs, and the early development of the concept of Homeland (watan) in Pashto literature. Textual material analysed in the article with reference to similar declarations from the national and patriotic poetry of Khūshḥāl Khān suggests that towards the beginning of the 18th century Pashtun tribes in the mass well recognised themselves as one people with common ethno-cultural heritage, and national self-identification was one of the key elements in their collective consciousness that provided necessary ideological ground for the creation of the Afghan national statehood in 1747.
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Ismailova, F. "TYPES AND STYLISH FEATURES OF DIPLOMATIC DOCUMENTS." BULLETIN Series of Philological Sciences 74, no. 4 (December 9, 2020): 394–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.51889/2020-4.1728-7804.79.
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A diplomatic style primarily requires clarity and precision. For each topic, each word is selected, corresponding to the specifics of the diplomatic language. The article is devoted to the diplomatic language and diplomatic documents. Their classification and main features are considered. The article discusses the features of the vocabulary of the diplomatic office. It has been proved that the analysis of the lexical system of the language within the framework of thematic lexical groups of the diplomatic department makes the lexical material available for reading in various aspects. It is recommended to classify thematic lexical groups according to the criteria of a diplomatic document. Explanations are given to the concepts of types of diplomatic documents, individual notes, oral notes, partial notes, memorandums, declarations. The diplomatic language has its own vocabulary and lexical and semantic basis. The stylistic features of the diplomatic language were also taken into account, the status of which is the language of interethnic communication. The requirements for the registration of diplomatic documents have been determined.
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Heun, Reinhard. "How to write a scientific paper: A hypothesis-based approach." Global Psychiatry 1, no. 1 (February 11, 2018): 3–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/gp-2018-0004.
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AbstractMany books and other published recommendations provide a large, sometimes excessive amount of information to be included, and of mistakes to be avoided in research papers for academic journals. However, there is a lack of simple and clear recommendations on how to write such scientific articles. To make life easier for new authors, we propose a simple hypothesis-based approach, which consistently follows the study hypothesis, section by section throughout the manuscript: The introduction section should develop the study hypothesis, by introducing and explaining the relevant concepts, connecting these concepts and by stating the study hypotheses to be tested at the end. The material and methods section must describe the sample or material, the tools, instruments, procedures and analyses used to test the study hypothesis. The results section must describe the study sample, the data collected and the data analyses that lead to the confirmation or rejection of the hypothesis. The discussion must state if the study hypothesis has been confirmed or rejected, if the study result is comparable to, and compatible with other research. It should evaluate the reliability and validity of the study outcome, clarify the limitations of the study and explore the relevance of the supported or rejected hypothesis for clinical practice and future research. If needed, an abstract at the beginning of the manuscript, usually structured in objectives, material and methods, results and conclusions, should provide summaries in two to three sentences for each section. Acknowledgements, declarations of ethical approval, of informed consent by study subjects, of interests by authors and a reference list will be needed in most scientific journals.
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Ferro, Miguel Sousa. "Antitrust Private Enforcement and the Binding Effect of Public Enforcement Decisions." Market and Competition Law Review 3, no. 2 (October 1, 2020): 51–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.7559/mclawreview.2019.1830.
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This paper provides an overview of the legal status quo in the European Union relating to the binding effect, in follow-on competition law cases, of public enforcement decisions, as well as of some of the legal issues which are likely to be the subject of controversy in years to come, in this regard. It tackles decisions declaring antitrust infringements adopted by the European Commission and by national competition authorities, as well as commitment decisions and decisions declaring infringements of merger control and State aid rules. It discusses the material, subjective and temporal scope of the binding effect. It also tackles other issues, such as the obligations of national courts relating to non-infringement decisions and ongoing investigations, and the issue of negative declarations. Finally, it looks into the arguments which may be put forward by litigants before national courts to avoid or circumvent the binding effect of public enforcement decisions. It is argued that the case-law already provides answers to many of the issues which are likely to be raised, which one may arrive at through a systematic and coherent interpretation of the general principles of EU Law, as clarified by the Court.
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Krushinskiy, Andrei A. "The iconic performativity of Chinese mantic diagrams." Philosophy Journal, no. 3 (2021): 142–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.21146/2072-0726-2021-14-1-142-161.
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The article traces and discusses the philosophically significant consequences of the rootedness of the ancient Chinese thought in the original iconicity of Chinese hieroglyphic writing. The phenomenon of performativity is investigated on the Chinese material. In the course of the study, a fundamental methodological difference between performative statements and performative declarations is introduced. In light of the proposed difference, a pronounced performative declarativeness of the famous Confucian concept of zhengming (“correcting of names”) is revealed. This rarely studied aspect of the “correcting of names” should not be confused with the currently well-known performative naming implied by the setting to zhengming. The main result of the proposed methodological distinctions and exegetical analysis is the identification of the non-verbal prototype of the concept of zhengming (the hexagram “Family”). The paradigmatic nature of the prototype of the hexagram graphics in relation to the verbal formulation, which endows the performative status of the original visual image with the verbal explication of this image, allows the author to generalize this particular observation to the fundamental final hypothesis according to which the performative effectiveness of the word is secondary in comparison with the initial performativity of the mantic diagrammatism.
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Ruchkina, G. F., and V. K. Shaidullina. "Factors Hindering the EAEU Exports to Third Countries and Reducing Russia’s Export Competitiveness." Economics, taxes & law 12, no. 1 (March 12, 2019): 136–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.26794/1999-849x-2019-12-1-136-143.
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The subject of the researchis the current difficulties faced by the Eurasian Economic Union (EAEU). The purpose of the research was to identify factors that impede the export of the EAEU goods to third countries and affect Russia’s export competitiveness. To this end, an analysis of the EAEU customs and legal regulations was carried out. The study provides reasons necessitating the abolishment of the residency principle in the EAEU as geographically limiting the ability of the declarant to submit a goods declaration to any customs authority in a customs territory of the customs union. The paper addresses problems related to the lack of harmonization of rules governing export and currency controls in the EAEU member countries. A comparative analysis of the rules regulating the goods exports at the national level of the customs union members was performed and the main differences were revealed.It is concludedthat the principle of residency is the key factor affecting the export competitiveness of the Russian and EAEU goods. Its abolishment requires a comprehensive approach and a number of measures aimed at harmonizing the customs legislation and related laws. The abolishment of the residency principle will reduce the material and time expenditures of businessmen in preparation of customs declarations, eliminate multiple VAT payments to participants of value chains and agency transactions within the EAEU, unify documents for performance of currency control as well as the procedure for granting export control licenses, resolve the issue of the procedure and currency of customs payments, etc. It is also required to solve industry-specific problems related to the implementation of the customs process (currency control, export control, procedures for refunding the value-added tax, etc.).The relevance of the researchlies in the fact that the implementation of the “EAEU Goods” Concept, developed by the Eurasian Economic Commission, requires solution of problems arising in the mutual and foreign trade. Meanwhile, expanding the trade with third countries is one of the main tools for the growth of national economies of the EAEU members.
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Sparrevik, Magnus, Luitzen de Boer, Ottar Michelsen, Christofer Skaar, Haley Knudson, and Annik Magerholm Fet. "Circular economy in the construction sector: advancing environmental performance through systemic and holistic thinking." Environment Systems and Decisions 41, no. 3 (February 23, 2021): 392–400. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10669-021-09803-5.
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AbstractThe construction sector is progressively becoming more circular by reducing waste, re-using building materials and adopting regenerative solutions for energy production and biodiversity protection. The implications of circularity on construction activities are complex and require the careful evaluation of impacts to select the appropriate path forward. Evaluations of circular solutions and their environmental effectiveness are often performed based on various types of life cycle-based impact assessments. This paper uses systemic thinking to map and evaluate different impact assessment methodologies and their implications for a shift to more circular solutions. The following systemic levels are used to group the methodologies: product (material life cycle declarations and building assessments), organisation (certification and management schemes) and system (policies, standards and regulations). The results confirm that circular economy is integrated at all levels. However, development and structure are not coordinated or governed unidirectionally, but rather occur simultaneously at different levels. This recursive structure is positive if the methods are applied in the correct context, thus providing both autonomy and cohesion in decision making. Methods at lower systemic levels may then improve production processes and stimulate the market to create circular and innovative building solutions, whereas methods at higher systemic levels can be used, for example, by real estate builders, trade organisations and governments to create incentives for circular development and innovation in a broader perspective. Use of the performance methods correctly within an actor network is therefore crucial for successful and effective implementation of circular economy in the construction sector.
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Dunlap, Alexander. "Bureaucratic land grabbing for infrastructural colonization: renewable energy, L’Amassada, and resistance in southern France." Human Geography 13, no. 2 (April 16, 2020): 109–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1942778620918041.
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Governments and corporations exclaim that “energy transition” to “renewable energy” is going to mitigate ecological catastrophe. French President Emmanuel Macron makes such declarations, but what is the reality of energy infrastructure development? Examining the development of a distributional energy transformer substation in the village of Saint-Victor-et-Melvieu, this article argues that “green” infrastructures are creating conflict and ecological degradation and are the material expression of climate catastrophe. Since 1999, the Aveyron region of southern France has become a desirable area of the so-called renewable energy development, triggering a proliferation of energy infrastructure, including a new transformer substation in St. Victor. Corresponding with this spread of “green” infrastructure has been a 10-year resistance campaign against the transformer. In December 2014, the campaign extended to building a protest site, and ZAD, in the place of the transformer called L’Amassada. Drawing on critical agrarian studies, political ecology, and human geography literatures, the article discusses the arrival process of the transformer, corrupt political behavior, misinformation, and the process of bureaucratic land grabbing. This also documents repression against L’Amassada and their relationship with the Gilets Jaunes “societies in movement.” Finally, the notion of infrastructural colonization is elaborated, demonstrating its relevance to understanding the onslaught of climate and ecological crisis.
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Pankratova, S. A. "The Dialogical Nature of Localized Filmonyms." Bulletin of Kemerovo State University 21, no. 3 (October 5, 2019): 830–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.21603/2078-8975-2019-21-3-830-838.
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The article introduces readers to the problem of localization of English filmonyms as exemplified by a subgroup of film titles with a dialogic nature. The research features the phenomena of mass communication discursivity based on film titles with a dialogic nature in modern Russian film distribution. The method of typological synchronous comparison (juxtaposition) allowed the author to compare filmonyms and their translations in order to discover their functional peculiarities, similarities, and differences. The material shows that modern cinematography, unlike film industry abroad, makes an active use of dialogical filmonyms as a manipulative instrument of attracting filmgoers to cinema halls. The translation activates an adaptive tactics in order to accustom filmonyms to the peculiarities of the accepting cultural background. The classification revealed that a range of filmonyms with a dialogical nature, i. e. exclamations, stickers, appeals, declarations, and questions, reflect the mass conscience due to their emotivity. In the last decades, the shift in mass conscience signifies the tendency for tolerance to everything immodest, impudent, seductive, and blatant, which was previously uncharacteristic for the Russian film industry. The article postulates that learning a foreign language implies the ability to tune on the same wavelength with the foreign culture, whereas disrespect for the foreign cultural specifics doesn’t facilitate the cultural dialogue and mutual understanding.
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Jergas, Hannah, and Christopher Baethge. "Quotation accuracy in medical journal articles —a systematic review and meta-analysis." PeerJ 3 (October 27, 2015): e1364. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.1364.
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Background.Quotations and references are an indispensable element of scientific communication. They should support what authors claim or provide important background information for readers. Studies indicate, however, that quotations not serving their purpose—quotation errors—may be prevalent.Methods.We carried out a systematic review, meta-analysis and meta-regression of quotation errors, taking account of differences between studies in error ascertainment.Results.Out of 559 studies screened we included 28 in the main analysis, and estimated major, minor and total quotation error rates of 11,9%, 95% CI [8.4, 16.6] 11.5% [8.3, 15.7], and 25.4% [19.5, 32.4]. While heterogeneity was substantial, even the lowest estimate of total quotation errors was considerable (6.7%). Indirect references accounted for less than one sixth of all quotation problems. The findings remained robust in a number of sensitivity and subgroup analyses (including risk of bias analysis) and in meta-regression. There was no indication of publication bias.Conclusions.Readers of medical journal articles should be aware of the fact that quotation errors are common. Measures against quotation errors include spot checks by editors and reviewers, correct placement of citations in the text, and declarations by authors that they have checked cited material. Future research should elucidate if and to what degree quotation errors are detrimental to scientific progress.
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McGuinness, Paul B. "The Role of Governance and Bank Funding in the Determination of Cornerstone Allocations in Chinese Equity Offers." Journal of Risk and Financial Management 12, no. 3 (July 2, 2019): 114. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jrfm12030114.
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This article investigates the causal factors underlying cornerstone investor (CI) participation in initial public offerings in China’s offshore Hong Kong market. Prospectus-based declarations on such allocations suggest that CI undertakings offer strong certification effects. Entrepreneurs planning for IPO thus have a material incentive to court CIs. The present analysis reveals that a firm’s pre-IPO financials and governance attributes strongly correlate with success in this field. Specifically, CI participation is greater in issuers with established long-term loan positions. Firms housing younger CEOs and a greater number of family-connected board officers also generate more CI interest. In contrast, the fraction of independent directors and women on boards exert minimal effect. However, further analysis reveals that greater independent director presence strongly supports CI participation in family-centric entities, but imparts little to no effect on such investment in either state-run or non-family-controlled private issuers. Additionally, an issuer’s political connections galvanize CI participation. Moreover, the present study highlights the importance of family resources (in non-state sponsored entities) and political connections (in state-held firms) in drawing-in CI involvement. Given the spread of CI arrangements to other primary market settings, the present enterprise also offers guidance on anchor investment elsewhere.
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Abouhamad, Mona, and Metwally Abu-Hamd. "Life Cycle Assessment Framework for Embodied Environmental Impacts of Building Construction Systems." Sustainability 13, no. 2 (January 6, 2021): 461. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13020461.
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This paper develops a life cycle assessment framework for embodied environmental impacts of building construction systems. The framework is intended to be used early in the design stage to assist decision making in identifying sources of higher embodied impacts and in selecting sustainable design alternatives. The framework covers commonly used building construction systems such as reinforced concrete construction (RCC), hot-rolled steel construction (HRS), and light steel construction (LSC). The system boundary is defined for the framework from cradle-to-grave plus recycling and reuse possibilities. Building Information Modeling (BIM) and life cycle assessment are integrated in the developed framework to evaluate life cycle embodied energy and embodied greenhouse emissions of design options. The life cycle inventory data used to develop the framework were extracted from BIM models for the building material quantities, verified Environmental Product Declarations (EPD) for the material production stage, and the design of construction operations for the construction and end-of-life stages. Application of the developed framework to a case study of a university building revealed the following results. The material production stage had the highest contribution to embodied impacts, reaching about 90%. Compared with the conventional RCC construction system, the HRS construction system had 41% more life cycle embodied energy, while the LSC construction system had 34% less life cycle embodied energy. When each system was credited with the net benefits resulting from possible recycling/reuse beyond building life, the HRS construction system had 10% less life cycle embodied energy, while the LSC construction system had 68% less life cycle embodied energy. Similarly, the HRS construction system had 29% less life cycle greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, while the LSC construction system had 62% less life cycle GHG emissions. Sustainability assessment results showed that the RCC construction system received zero Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED) credit points, the HRS construction system received three LEED credit points, while the LSC construction system received five LEED credit points.
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Haschina, E. E. "Legal Acts on the Independence of the Baltic Republics 1988–1990 As a Basis for Modeling the Secession Prevention Mechanism." Outlines of global transformations: politics, economics, law 14, no. 1 (January 28, 2021): 52–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.23932/2542-0240-2021-14-1-3.
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For modern states, secession is a radical way of resolving the accumulated contradictions between them and the “mother” states, into which they entered for one reason or another. Ever since the adoption of the United States Declaration of Independence in 1776, a kind of tradition of formalizing the secession with a special act of independence has emerged in international law, in which its creators describe the reasons that prompted such a radical decision, declares the supremacy of the legislation of the seceded entity and contains a request for recognition of the sovereignty of the newly formed states from the international community. Analysis of such acts can provide valuable information on the reasons for secession and allow the development of legal mechanisms to prevent it. Within the framework of this work, the acts of independence of the Baltic republics of 1988 – 1990 are considered, adopted during the collapse of the socialist system of Eastern Europe. Being the flagships of this process, Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania in their acts substantiated their choice in the most detailed way, in connection with which the declarations they adopted are of undoubted interest for the researcher. Based on the method of modeling historical processes and the concept of “path dependence”, taking into account the material on the reasons for the secession obtained in the framework of the analysis of acts of independence, an attempt was made to develop a model of “peaceful secession” of the Baltic republics, which would be possible in the case of choosing a different option of behavior at the points bifurcation. The author names the development of a new Union Treaty, reforms of the perestroika period, the choice of the vector of ethno-national policy in the Union republics, the choice of the legal basis and the procedure of secession as the main points of “branching” that open “windows of opportunity” for the Baltic republics. The negative consequences of the current scenario of the development of relations between Russia and the Baltic republics and the advantages of a peaceful resolution of the conflict between the seceding and the “mother” state are described.
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Wolak, Artur, Grzegorz Zając, Kamil Fijorek, Piotr Janocha, and Arkadiusz Matwijczuk. "Experimental Investigation of the Viscosity Parameters Ranges—Case Study of Engine Oils in the Selected Viscosity Grade." Energies 13, no. 12 (June 17, 2020): 3152. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13123152.
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The primary objective of the research was to compare the viscosity parameters of the same viscosity grade engine oils, as declared by the manufacturers, to the actual laboratory measurements. The secondary objective was to briefly investigate (1) what kind of information oil manufacturers provide in the product data sheets of the studied oils, and (2) the potential savings resulting from the use of the energy efficient oils. The study material consisted of 42 selected synthetic engine oils that belong to the 5W-30 viscosity grade. Stabinger SVM 3001 viscometer was used to determine kinematic viscosity at −20 °C, 40 °C, 100 °C and 130 °C. The HTHS (high temperature high shear), CCS (cold cranking simulator), FTIR (Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy) and GC (Gas Chromatography) measurements were also performed for the samples that had the lowest and the highest kinematic viscosity. Large differences (5–25%) between oil producers’ declarations and the results of laboratory tests were found. Although all of the engine oils tested met the 5W-30 grade standards, the high variability of viscosity measurements needs to be reported. The difference between the oil with the highest and the oil with the lowest kinematic viscosity at −20 °C was 11,804 mm2/s. The outlying temperature-related viscosity profiles were recovered using Mahalanobis distances which identified 16 out of 42 analyzed oil samples as atypical.
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Bermudez, Juliette F., Ana M. Montoya-Ruiz, and Juan F. Saldarriaga. "Assessment of the Current Situation of Informal Recyclers and Recycling: Case Study Bogotá." Sustainability 11, no. 22 (November 12, 2019): 6342. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11226342.
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The contribution of recyclers to the environment and the local economy is not recognized and they are not remunerated for the service they provide to the city. It is well known that informal collection contributes to the recycling of resources in a positive way, but it is also associated with several environmental, health, and social problems. In Colombia, these recyclers work informally. In 2016, Decree 596 was issued, which regulates the utilization of the public cleaning service and the transitory regime for the formalization of informal recyclers. The objective of this work is to evaluate the social and technical impact of recycling in the city of Bogotá three years after the regulations were issued. A study was carried out in order to study how recyclers have been affected by the new regulations after three years of validity as well as understand their perceptions of the evolution of recycling in the city. The study consisted of a series of surveys of recyclers from a statistical sample with 0.05 error that applied a mixed approach. Qualitative and quantitative analysis were included. This analysis was done in order to mix statistical results with deep analysis. The survey indicated that a low percentage of users (good 28%) performed good processes of separation at the source, which lowers the recovery of materials and prevents the potential use of many others. Likewise, it was evidenced that for a material to be sold or commercialized it depends significantly on the separation at the source. In addition, according to the perception of the respondents, society tends to discriminate against them, which leads to the conclusion that discrimination still exists between both the government and society. Finally, the current legislation has not been effective in its implementation and court declarations regarding recyclers as people with inherent rights have not yet been applied in Colombia.
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Manaysay, Ferth Vandensteen. "Norms from Above, Movements from Below." Journal of Southeast Asian Human Rights 4, no. 1 (June 28, 2020): 226. http://dx.doi.org/10.19184/jseahr.v4i1.15952.
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This article seeks to analyse how conceptions of global climate change norms have contributed to the framing strategies and tactics of local indigenous people’s rights movements using the cases of Cordillera Peoples’ Alliance (CPA) from the Philippines and the Aliansi Masyarakat Adat Nusantara (AMAN) from Indonesia. Drawing on the combined theoretical frameworks of the world society approach and the social movement framing theory, this article argues that global climate change norms have provided indigenous people’s rights movements in Indonesia and the Philippines with new sources of vocabularies towards collective action. In theoretical and empirical terms, it contends that the exposure of the local indigenous social movements to global normative mechanisms have shifted local activism, as the world society approach envisages, while framing theory elucidates the manner in which movement-actors are able to interpret and transform the ideas they receive. A paired comparison, based on data collected from the CPA and AMAN’s public pronouncements as well as in-depth interviews with local indigenous movement leaders and members, shows material ideas and instruments that social movements receive from global institutional sources (such as the United Nations climate change agreements, global indigenous declarations, and international climate justice coalitions) have enabled them to produce novel frames for collective action at the local level. Contrastingly, it demonstrates how indigenous climate justice activists have also been able to frame their contentions against the prevailing global norms and ideas about climate change.
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Veselkova, Natalia V. "AUTHORSHIP / SUBJECTIVITY IN THE EXPERIENCE OF RUSSIAN BIOGRAPHICAL PROJECTS OF THE FIRST HALF OF THE 20th CENTURY." Ural Historical Journal 69, no. 4 (2020): 84–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.30759/1728-9718-2020-4(69)-84-92.
Full textAbstract:
In the first half of the 20th century a number of projects with a historical and biographical “stuffing” were carried out in our country, from psychologist N. Rybnikov’s activity to establish Biographical Institute up to Gorky’s “History of the Civil War”, “History of Factories and Plants” and the Mintz Commission on the History of the Great Patriotic War. The affiliation of these projects to the first stage of the development of the biographical method, better known from the studies of the Chicago school, is asserted. The article attempts to analyze Russian projects on the subject of authorship / subjectivity constructions arising in them in an interdisciplinary way of the biographical method, as well as using a multiscalar approach to the study of social memory. It has been shown that “mass character” in these constructions has several aspects: a) involvement of the “masses”, b) key to verification and consensus in describing the past through the recollections of many participants, c) performativity. The democratization of biography-writing is considered in the context of the ‘Halbwachs Theorem’. In order for people unaccustomed to producing memories to be included in biographical practices, as well as to ensure the completeness and comparability of information obtained not only for political, but also for research purposes, semi-formalized methods were developed. Nevertheless, with all the declarations that the workers are now writing history, for the most part they were only suppliers of raw material, and the complex constructions of distributed authorship actually acted.