Journal articles: 'Material follows'

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Grace, Robert. "New Mono-Material Flexible Pouch Follows Cradle to Cradle Principles." Plastics Engineering 75, no. 1 (January 2019): 14–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/peng.20053.

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Matveeva, I. N., and V. V. Tolmachev. "Development of a certified reference material for the physical properties of the soil clay (loam)." Reference materials 14, no. 1-2 (February 12, 2019): 33–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.20915/2077-1177-2018-14-1-2-33-38.

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Introduction. The article presents results of developing a certified reference material for the physical properties of the soil clay (loam). The certified characteristics of the reference material are as follows: moisture content at the liquid limit via fall-cone test, moisture content at the plastic limit, soil particle density via pycnometer method.Materials and methods. The certified values of the physical properties of the soil clay (loam) were determined using the method of interlaboratory metrological experiment.Results. The bounds of absolute error of the certified values are as follows: 1.9 % for moisture content at the liquid limit via the fall-cone test, 1.5 % for moisture content at the plastic limit, 0.03 g/cm3 for soil particle density. The validity period of the certified reference material is 5 years.Discussion and conclusion. The developed reference material was registered in the State Register of type-approved reference materials as GSO 11038–2018. The reference material is aimed at: controlling the accuracy of the measurement results of certified characteristics; conducting interlaboratory comparisons; testing laboratories proficiency.

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Dang Thi Minh, Hue, Chau Tran Van, Giang Hoang Thi Linh, Luyen Tran Thi, and Chinh Huynh Dang. "Synthesis of metal organic framework MIL-53 (Fe)/Fe3O4 and adsorption ability of Congo Red in water invironment." Vietnam Journal of Catalysis and Adsorption 10, no. 2 (July 30, 2021): 94–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.51316/jca.2021.035.

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Composite materials MIL-53(Fe)/Fe3O4 have been successfully synthesized on the basis of MIL-53 metal organic framework materials by hydrothermal method. Material characteristics were studied through XRD, SEM methods. The material has good adsorption capacity of the Congo Red pigment. The Congo Red adsorption activity of the composite material was investigated. The results showed that the adsorption efficiency of Congo Red of MIL-53(Fe)/Fe3O4 reached 98.89% after only 5 minutes, with the concentration of 2.227 mg/l in Congo red solution. The Congo Red adsorption process of MIL-53 (Fe)/Fe3O4 follows the Freundlich isothermal adsorption model.

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Ostrý, Milan, Sylva Bantová, and Karel Struhala. "Tests on Material Compatibility of Phase Change Materials and Selected Plastics." Molecules 24, no. 7 (April 10, 2019): 1398. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules24071398.

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Practical applications of Phase Change Materials (PCMs) often require their encapsulation in other materials, such as metals or plastics. This raises the issue of compatibility between PCMs and encapsulating materials, which has still not been sufficiently addressed. The study presented here follows existing research and provides experimental evaluation of the suitability of selected PCMs for proposed integration in building structures. Two organic PCMs, two inorganic PCMs and three representative plastics (polypropylene (PP-H), high density polyethylene (PE-HD) and polyvinylchloride (PVC-U)) were selected for compatibility tests. Evaluation of the results is based on the mass variations of the plastic samples during the test period. Plastic samples were immersed in PCMs and subjected to periodic heating and cooling (for 16 weeks) in a small environmental chamber simulating real operational conditions. The results show that the organic PCMs have a greater ability to penetrate the PE-HD and PP-H compared with the inorganic PCMs. The penetration of all PCMs was most notable during the first four weeks of the experiment. Later it slowed down significantly. Overall, the mass changes in PE-HD and PP-H samples did not exceed 6.9% when immersed in organic PCMs and 1.8% in inorganic PCMs. PVC-U samples exhibited almost negligible (less than 0.1%) mass variation in all cases.

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Nurmalia, Mia Midianti, and Widyastuti Purbani. "Developing extensive reading supplementary materials for XI grad students at madrasah." LingTera 5, no. 2 (October 31, 2018): 112–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.21831/lt.v5i2.16510.

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This research aimed to develop reading supplementary materials and to verify the appropriateness of the materials to support the learning process of the grade XI students at Madrasah Aliyah Al Ma’Had An-Nur. This research was a research and development study. The results of the research are as follows. First, this research produced a set of extensive reading supplementary materials. Second, the results of material validation by material and graphic designer experts, the try-outs by grade XI students, and the perception of the English teacher showed that the extensive reading supplementary materials were considered appropriate to be applied in English class.

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Liptáková, Eva, Jozef Kúdela, and Ján Sarva. "Study of the System Wood – Coating Material. I. Wood – Liquid Coating Material." Holzforschung 54, no. 2 (February 29, 2000): 189–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/hf.2000.032.

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Summary This paper deals with the evaluation of wood—wetting process with coating materials on the basis of interactions of surface forces on phase boundary. The obtained results are compared with the actual state in the system wood—coating material. Primary ability of coating materials—spontaneous spreading over the wood surface has been proved. There is also the secondary influence of rheological properties of coating materials causing deformations of the phase boundary, non-perfect wetting of the wood surface and apparent lowering of adhesion work. The influence of rheological properties has been expressed by using the coefficient F the meaning of which follows from the comparison between results of adhesion work computed according to modified Young-Dupré equation and of adhesion work determined on the basis of the interactions of surface forces on the phase boundary between wood and liquid coating materials. A direct dependence between the values of the coefficient F and coating materials viscosity has been proved.

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Shofiana, Dina Eka, and Dwi Novita Sari. "ANALISIS PENGENDALIAN BAHAN BAKU JASA MAKLON DENGAN MENGGUNAKAN METODE EOQ (ECONOMIC ORDER QUALITY) BERBASIS BIG DATA LOGISTIK GUNA MEMINIMALISIR BIAYA PRODUKSI PADA PT BARATA INDONESIA (PERSERO)." Majalah Ilmiah Bijak 15, no. 2 (October 12, 2018): 138–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.31334/bijak.v15i2.202.

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This study aims to determine the control of raw materials by using EOQ (Economic Order Quality) method to minimize production costs in PT Barata Indonesia (Persero). This research uses Adeskriptif with qualitative approach.The results of this study indicate that the control of raw materials using the EOQ (Economic Order Quallity) method can minimize production costs in PT Barata Indonesia (Persero) as follows: Silica Sand raw material can minimize production cost of Rp 16,321,500. Fero Silicon minimize the production cost of Rp 7,520,550,000, the raw material of Fero Mangan Mc can minimize the cost of Rp 2,255,625,000, the raw material of Fero Mangan Hc can minimize the cost of Rp 1.098,600. the raw material of Scrap can minimize the cost of Rp 324,995,000.

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Duan, Zhou Wei, Zhi Hao Dou, Hui Xie, Ai He, and Zhu Ning Wan. "Preparation of the Scales Material Adsorption EGCG." Advanced Materials Research 960-961 (June 2014): 270–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.960-961.270.

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Tilapia scale was used as the raw material to explore the preparation methods of EGCG adsorption material. Based on the results, the most reasonable interpretation of the data indicates that the EGCG adsorption material preparation process was as follows, particle size 0.30-0.45 mm , preparation temperature 110°C,pH 7 , solid to liquid ratio (g/mL) 1:6, time 20 min . Under this condition, the adsorption capacity of EGCG was 23.53mg/g.

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Sengul, F., and T. Gurbuz. "Clinical Evaluation of Restorative Materials in Primary Teeth Class II Lesions." Journal of Clinical Pediatric Dentistry 39, no. 4 (June 1, 2015): 315–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.17796/1053-4628-39.4.315.

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Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate clinical success of primary teeth class II lesions restored with different restorative materials [Hybrid Composite Resin (HCR), Resin Modified Glass Ionomer Cement (RMGIC), compomer, and Giomer Composite Resin (GCR)] followed up for 24 months. Study Design: This study was carried out on 146 primary molars of 41 children in the age range of 5–7 years. The class II lesions in primary molars of a patient were restored using different restorative materials. Restorations were evaluated according to FDI-criteria and their survival rates were determined. Data were analysed with Pearson chi-square, Kaplan-Meier and Wilcoxon (Breslow) tests (α = 0.05). Results: The failure rates of restorative materials were as follows: compomer 33.3%, RMGIC 28.1%, HCR 22.5% and GCR 21.1%. Conclusions: While the functional failure was the most important factor in restorative material failure, RMGIC was the most successful material in terms of biological evaluation criterion and GCR had the longest survival rate.

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Cong, Jing Xiang, Shao Yan Wang, Wei Zhang, and Xiao Dan Tang. "Ultrasonic-Assisted Extraction of Total Flavonoids and Lactones from Ginkgo Biloba Powder." Advanced Materials Research 641-642 (January 2013): 867–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.641-642.867.

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This article aims to study the extraction conditions of the total flavonoids and lactones from the ginkgo biloba powder. First, the influencing factors and levels for the extraction were determined by the single factor method, and then the optimum extraction conditions were optimized by orthogonal experimental design. The results showed that the optimal conditions for ultrasonic extraction of the total flavonoids were as follows: 2mg cellulase and 0.1g raw material (ginkgo biloba powder) were dissolved in 10ml water solution. The pH of the solvent was 4.5 adjusted with hydrochloric acid. The materials were extracted in ultrasound bath at 55°C for 40min. The optimal conditions for ultrasonic extraction of the total lactones were as follows: 7mg cellulase and 0.1g raw material were dissolved in 10ml water solution with pH 4.9. The raw materials were extracted at 50°C for 35min. Under the optimum conditions, the peak area contents were nearly 90% and 58% for total flavonoids and lactones, respectively.

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Umar, Muhammad Zakaria, Muhammad Arsyad, Santi Santi, and Arman Faslih. "PRINCIPLES OF SUSTAINABLE ARCHITECTURE IN THE PRODUCTION OF BAMBOO WOVEN WALL MATERIALS (DENDROCALAMUS ASPER)." SINERGI 24, no. 1 (January 14, 2020): 57. http://dx.doi.org/10.22441/sinergi.2020.1.008.

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Bamboo is a sustainable building material because the use of new materials is sustainable. In the City of Kendari, there are still craftsmen of bamboo woven wall material. This research is important to do because to reveal how to make bamboo woven wall material by local craftsmen in Kendari and to find out the pattern of making bamboo woven wall material against the principles of sustainable architecture. This research is aimed at identifying and reviewing work tools, work materials, and how to make bamboo woven wall material against the principles of sustainable architecture by local craftsmen in Kendari City. This study uses a case study method with a qualitative approach. This study concluded that the principles of sustainable architecture in bamboo woven wall materials are as follows: working tools are used simply to reduce the use of new materials, the materials for making come from vegetation grown so that the location and natural resource ecosystems are sustainable, and how to make use of human energy so that it saves energy.

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Uxa, Daniel, Helen J. Holmes, Kevin Meyer, Lars Dörrer, and Harald Schmidt. "Lithium tracer diffusion in LiNi0.33Mn0.33Co0.33O2 cathode material for lithium-ion batteries." Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics 23, no. 10 (2021): 5992–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d0cp05593j.

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Lithium tracer diffusivities in LiNi_0.33Mn_0.33Co_0.33O₂ cathode material for lithium-ion batteries follows the Arrhenius law with an activation energy of 0.85 eV.

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Yertas, A. M., A. Burkitbay, B. Zh Niyazbekov, and B. R. Taussarova. "Imparting biocidal properties to insulating materials made of linen fibres." Journal of Almaty Technological University, no. 2 (August 20, 2021): 32–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.48184/2304-568x-2021-2-32-37.

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In this work, salicylic acid and copper sulfate were chosen as antimicrobial agents to impart biocidal properties to nonwoven materials. The conditions of the antibacterial finishing process were as follows: the aqueous solution of a biocidal composition of different concentration was applied by spraying to the surface of the material, then the drying and heat treatment was carried out at 180°C on the thermal conductor. A microbiological study was conducted to study the fungicidal activity of the treated material. Tests were also carried out on the toxic and dermal effects of non-woven material treated with salicylic acid and copper sulfate and demonstrated its safety to human health.

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Mubarak, Faisal, Abdul Sattar, and Ahmad Fahmy Arief. "Thasmim Mawad Maharah al-Kalam Fi Istimdadiha Min al-Ayat al-Istifhamiyah Fi Surah al-An’am wa al-Mulk Li Thulab al-Ma’had al-‘Aly Ulum al-Qur’an Amuntai." Arabiyatuna : Jurnal Bahasa Arab 4, no. 1 (May 8, 2020): 69. http://dx.doi.org/10.29240/jba.v4i1.1320.

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The background of this research is based on the place where the research is conducted based on the needs of the High School Science of the Qur'an (STIQ) Amuntai on teaching materials and to develop Arabic learning material using Istifham verses, and also to test the truth of the design of teaching material compiled by researchers. The formulation of the problem of this research is as follows: how is the design of the speaking skill learning material by using Istifham verses in the Surah al-An'am and al-Mulk for Amuntai High School Science of the Qur'an (STIQ), while the purpose of this study is to know how to design learning materials speaking skill by using Istifham verses in surah Al An'am And Al Mulk for students of the Amuntai Qur'anic High School (STIQ).The research method is the Reseach & Development (R&D) method with a Quantitative approach and Qualitative. While the data collection tools used: Observations, interviews, Questionnaire, Test trials. The design model in the design preparation uses the Borg & Gall model using 5 design steps: Requirement Analysis, Product design, Trial/ product evaluation, Product revision, Product trial test. The results of the study both from the trial and questionnaire results are as follows: Istifham verses used in the design of teaching materials for the material of speaking skill in surah al-An'am and al-Mulk namely are contained adawat Istifham: الهمزة (ء), هَلْ, مَا, مَنْ, مَتَى, كَيْفَ, أَيْنَ, كَمْ, أَيُّ, أَنَّى. (2) The results of responses and assessments by material design experts in terms of the content of the material indicate the level of "very good" is “90 %”, and from the lecturer/ teacher the teacher shows the level of "very good" is “82,5%”, while the students show the response of the level of assessment of "sufficient" is “50,86 %”, While the effectiveness of the use of maharah kalam learning material design by using Istifham verses in the Surah Al An'am and Al Mulk for Amuntai Qur'an College (STIQ) students obtain significant results or are worthy of use.

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Jo, Mayumi, Makoto Ono, Masashi Nakayama, Hidekazu Asano, and Tomoko Ishii. "A study of methods to prevent piping and erosion in buffer materials intended for a vertical deposition hole at the Horonobe Underground Research Laboratory." Geological Society, London, Special Publications 482, no. 1 (September 21, 2018): 175–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1144/sp482.7.

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AbstractPiping and erosion phenomena are serious problems affecting the integrity of buffer materials, which are an element of engineered barrier systems in the geological disposal of high-level radioactive waste. In this study, the outflow behaviour and the condition of buffer materials are investigated using a test pit drilled into host rock at the Horonobe Underground Research Laboratory to consider countermeasures to contain the outflow of the buffer material. The results are as follows: (1) Piping and erosion phenomena occur irrespective of the injection flow rate. However, when the rate is small, the buffer material is considered to be self-repairing and the outflow of the buffer material can be suppressed. (2) When the injection water contains large amounts of electrolytes, the surface of the buffer material peels off and precipitates, probably decreasing the waterproof performance. (3) Bentonite pellets are likely to be an effective countermeasure against piping and erosion.

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Li, Fangyi, Kaikai Guan, Peng Liu, Gang Li, and Jianfeng Li. "Ingredient of Biomass Packaging Material and Compare Study on Cushion Properties." International Journal of Polymer Science 2014 (2014): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/146509.

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In order to reduce the white pollution caused by nondegradable waste plastic packaging materials, the biomass cushion packaging material with straw fiber and starch as the main raw materials had been synthesized. The orthogonal experiment was used to study the impact of mass ratio of fiber to starch, content of plasticizer, active agent, and foaming agent on the compressive strength of cushion material. Infrared spectrometer and theory of water’s bridge-connection were used to study the hydroxyl groups among the fiber and starch. The results were demonstrated as follows: the mass ratio of fiber to starch had the most significant impact on compressive strength. When the contents of the plasticizer, the foaming agent, and the active agent were, respectively, 12%, 0.1%, and 0.3% and the mass ratio of fiber to starch was 2 : 5, the compressive strength was the best up to 0.94 MPa. Meanwhile, with the plasticizer content and the mass ratio of fiber to starch increasing, the cushioning coefficient of the material decreased first and then increased. Comparing the cushion and rebound performance of this material with others, the biomass cushion packaging material could be an ideal substitute of plastic packaging materials such as EPS and EPE.

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Hong, Jian He, Chun Fang Bai, Gang He, Ming Zhong He, Hai Feng Li, Xin Yan Sun, and Yan Fen Wang. "Electrochemical Performance of LiFePO₄/C Positive-Electrode Material Prepared via a Rheological Phase Method." Advanced Materials Research 415-417 (December 2011): 1689–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.415-417.1689.

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Positive-electrode material LiFePO4/C was prepared using FePO4•2H2O as raw material via a rheological phase method. Orthogonal experiment was designed to systematically investigate the effects of the ratio of raw materials, calcining temperature and holding time on the morphology and electrochemical performance of LiFePO4/C. The results showed that the optimal parameters were as follows: synthesis temperature 650 °C, time 10 h. The sample prepared with optimal parameters showed discharge capacities of 147.5 mAh•g-1 at 0.2 C and 133.7 mAh•g-1 at 1 C rate, with good cycle performance.

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Liu, Zhi Feng, Lei Shi, Zhong Wei Wu, and Kai Zhao. "Experimental Study on the Recycling Technology of Waste Thermosetting Phenolic Resin Based on Mechanical and Physical Method." Advanced Materials Research 482-484 (February 2012): 2445–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.482-484.2445.

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Propose a recycling technology of waste thermosetting phenolic resin based on mechanical and physical method,use the range and variance analysis of orthogonal test of four factors at three different levels, obtain the affection of speed ,time, feeding material weight ,feeding particle size on degradation efficiency of thermosetting phenolic resin. According to the affection ,the influencing factors could be arranged as follows : speed>feeding particle size> time>feeding material weight,and optimal technology parameters are determined as follows: speed is 3000 r / min, time is 90 min, feeding material weight is 50 g, feeding particle size is 0.425 mm.

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Li, Xiao Long, and Guo Zhong Li. "Study on the Preparation and Properties of Fiber Reinforced Foamed Cement Material." Applied Mechanics and Materials 327 (June 2013): 40–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.327.40.

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The ordinary portland cement was used to prepare foamed cement insulation materials by physical foaming method. The influence of different process of fiber added to the foamed cement insulation materials on its performance was studied and the optimum mix ratio of raw materials was determined. The results showed that the glass fire could be evenly dispersed in the slurry by dry adding technology and got better enhanced effect. When the dosage of glass fire was 0.9%, the performance of the foamed cement material as follows: dry density of 318 kg/m3, 3d flexural strength of 0.61MPa, 3d compressive strength of 1.05MPa, thermal conductivity of 0.065W/(m·k). The reinforce mechanism of glass fire was explored.

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Xiao, Wang, Cheng Huang, Wen Sheng Wang, Guo Jun Liu, Chun Yan Wei, and Byung Gil Min. "Preparation and Properties of Ecological Colored Cellulose Material." Materials Science Forum 743-744 (January 2013): 573–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.743-744.573.

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Ecological colored cellulose material was prepared via UV initiated photografting of acrylic acid/cationic dye system in this study. The colored cellulose material was characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The effects of monomer concentration, photoinitiator amount, dye amount, pH value, grafting time, heating temperature and grafting method on the coloration of cellulose material were discussed. The results showed that the optimum process was as follows: the monomer concentration of 50wt%, photoinitiator amount of 3o.w.m.%, grafting time of 4min, and heating temperature of 70.

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Huang, Bo. "Material and Design Mechanical Analysis on Kappa Tennis Shoes." Applied Mechanics and Materials 443 (October 2013): 137–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.443.137.

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Material and design affects the performance of shoes. In this study, according to different materials and designs, plantar pressures of Kappa tennis shoes compare to Adidas tennis shoes were tested, Fifteen male volunteered to take part in this student. After collecting and analyzing these data, the findings came to as follows: (1) There were no difference between Kappa tennis shoes and Adidas tennis shoes, (2) there is no safety risk factor in Kappa tennis shoes, and (3) the testing results showed that the damping part of first metatarsus (M5) of Kappa shoes, arch parts (M2 and M4) and supporting value should be improved.

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Brütting, Jan, Gennaro Senatore, and Corentin Fivet. "Form Follows Availability – Designing Structures Through Reuse." Journal of the International Association for Shell and Spatial Structures 60, no. 4 (December 1, 2019): 257–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.20898/j.iass.2019.202.033.

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This work proposes a new direction in structural design: the synthesis of structures through the reuse of elements. Reusing structural elements reduces the environmental impacts of building structures because it avoids sourcing new material, it reduces waste and it requires little energy. Designing structures from reused elements is unlike conventional structural design because stock element availability is a design input. In other words, structures must be designed subject to availability of given element characteristics such as length and cross-section type, which have a major influence on the optimal structure layout and form. In this new paradigm structural form follows availability. In this work new computational methods for the synthesis of reticular structures through reuse are formulated to address two scenarios: a) reuse of reclaimed elements from a given stock, and b) design of an element stock which is used as a kit of parts to build diverse structures. Case studies are presented to demonstrate the potential of the proposed methods. It is shown that structures produced by these methods have a significantly lower environmental impact than minimum weight structures made of new elements.

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Thippeswamy, Madhusudana, Mamatha Ganjeenahalli Puttagiddappa, Demappa Thippaiah, and Nayak Devappa Satyanarayan. "Synthesis and Characterization of Poly(acrylamide) Hydrogels as pH and Salt Sensitive Material." Asian Journal of Chemistry 33, no. 5 (2021): 1019–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.14233/ajchem.2021.23124.

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This work reports the synthesis of poly(acrylamide) hydrogel and its characterization. Hydrogel will be synthesized by a chemical cross-linking method using sodium metabisulfite and potassium persulphate as initiators with crosslinker methylenebisacrylamide. The synthesized hydrogels were examined by FT-IR, SEM and TGA to determine chemical interactions in the polymer network. Moreover, the swelling study explains that hydrogels swelling capacity and it depends on the concentration of the crosslinking agent. The pH, temperature and salt solutions will impact on swelling properties. In acid and base solutions, the swelling ratio order is as follows HCl < CH3COOH < HClO4 < NaOH and the swelling ratio order in salt solutions is as follows: NaCl > CaCl2 > AlCl3.

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Tanubrata, Maksum. "Fire Safety Design in Building." Jurnal Teknik Sipil 3, no. 1 (March 25, 2019): 41–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.28932/jts.v3i1.1271.

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The main themes for fire safety planning may be described as follows ; Prevention of outbreak and growth of fire , Fire protection of Building structures, smoke control and escape planning. Fire load in a building can be roughly classified into 3 groups: (a). buildings materials, (b). furniture, and (c). daily goods. Building materials including linings, interior material of walls, ceilings, floors, partition walls, etc, and daily goods such as books, clothes, and so on.

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Liu, Yi Bing. "Thermal Analysis Study on Packaging Materials of Power-LED." Advanced Materials Research 588-589 (November 2012): 1849–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.588-589.1849.

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In this paper, a high power- LED package model has been built. Different bonding materials and substrate materials have been chosen. Having performed simulations of the temperature field by ANSYS finite element software, the conclusions are drawn as follows: nanometer silver paste has the best heat transfer characteristics; ALN is an ideal substrate material because of its lowest junction temperature, thermal resistance and the maximum heat load when the junction temperature reaches120 ° C .

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Cai, Kun, Jing Cao, Jiao Shi, and Qing H. Qin. "Layout Optimization of Ill-Loaded Multiphase Bi-Modulus Materials." International Journal of Applied Mechanics 08, no. 03 (April 2016): 1650038. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1758825116500381.

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The optimal layouts of multiple bi-modulus materials in a continuum under ill-loaded cases are found using the scheme of fractional-norm ([Formula: see text]-norm and [Formula: see text] is in (0, 1)) weighting objective function. The major ideas of the present study are as follows. First, the bi-modulus material topology optimization is solved using material replacement approach. Second, the power-law scheme is adopted to express the equivalent stiffness of multiple materials. Third, the ill-loaded topology optimization is solved by changing the value of [Formula: see text]. Combining the three techniques, a feasible solution for the ill-loaded structural optimization can be found even when there are many bi-modulus materials. Numerical tests are presented to show the characters of the materials layout in the structure.

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Malaťák, J., and J. Bradna. "Use of waste material mixtures for energy purposes in small combustion devices." Research in Agricultural Engineering 60, No. 2 (June 30, 2014): 50–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/78/2012-rae.

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The article assesses the energy use of solid biofuels (wheat and rape straw) and their blends with suitable additives (cocoa husks, brown coal and coal sludge). The elemental and stoichiometric analysis evaluates their suitability for energy recovery. Furthermore, thermal emission characteristics in automatic hot water boiler VERNER A251 are observed. The results of thermal emission measurements show that all samples meet the requirements of the Directive No. 13/2006 for carbon monoxide (2,000 mg/m<sup>3</sup>). The average nitrogen oxides emission concentrations exceed emission limits compared with the Directive No. 13/2006 (250 mg/m<sup>3</sup>) for all samples of solid biofuels. One reason is the high temperature in the combustion chamber that increases combustion temperature and results in high temperature of nitrogen oxides. Another problem is carbon monoxide that depends on the coefficient of excess air. The value of this coefficient drops under its optimum (2.5) and subsequently follows an increasing trend.  

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Pavlov, V. F., and V. F. Shabanov. "Complex Pyrometallurgical Processing of Silicate Raw Material and Technogenic Waste into Market Products." Ecology and Industry of Russia 22, no. 12 (December 4, 2018): 14–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.18412/1816-0395-2018-12-14-18.

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A new approach to solving the problem of complex nonwaste processing of bottom ash waste (BAW) of low-grade metallic and nonmetallic feeds has been set forth. The solution is based on deep recreative melting of various burden materials with dividing the flux into a metallic phase and a silicate part that virtually does not contain any metal oxides. It has been shown that, depending on the method of producing the flux, various materials are generated: a foamed X-ray amorphous material (foamed silicate) with a stable formulation, a fine mineral fiber or spheres depending on technological modes. It follows from this work that the obtained foamed material is a semiproduct used as a fill insulation, a raw material for manufacturing foam ceramics and optically transparent glasses in the visible and near-IR ranges, and a sorbent for collection of oil products. On the basis of the experimental data, an industrial waste processing facility has been developed.

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Pashine, Nidhi, Daniel Hexner, Andrea J. Liu, and Sidney R. Nagel. "Directed aging, memory, and nature’s greed." Science Advances 5, no. 12 (December 20, 2019): eaax4215. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.aax4215.

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Disordered materials are often out of equilibrium and evolve very slowly in a rugged and tortuous energy landscape. This slow evolution, referred to as aging, is deemed undesirable as it often leads to material degradation. However, we show that aging also encodes a memory of the stresses imposed during preparation. Because of inhomogeneous local stresses, the material itself decides how to evolve by modifying stressed regions differently from those under less stress. Because material evolution occurs in response to stresses, aging can be “directed” to produce sought-after responses and unusual functionalities that do not inherently exist. Aging obeys a natural “greedy algorithm” as, at each instant, the material simply follows the path of most rapid and accessible relaxation. Our experiments and simulations illustrate directed aging in examples in which the material’s elasticity transforms as desired because of an imposed deformation.

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Sicakova, Alena. "The Influence of Different Pre-Treatments of Concrete Surface on the Bond Strength of Geopolymer-Type Coating Layer." Sustainability 10, no. 11 (November 5, 2018): 4053. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su10114053.

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The treatment of concrete surface using more durable material is one way to slow down the damage process of material, which can negatively affect durability of construction. This paper is aimed at testing the geopolymer-type coating materials of different composition while placing emphasis on various techniques of surface pre-treatments of concrete to which they were applied. The main composition variables were as follows: the fly ash fineness (original, ground) and the addition of washing-aggregate sludge. Four compositions were tested and compared with the composition based on cement binder. The cement mixture was prepared using the same fillers. The following techniques of surface pre-treatment of concrete were applied: brushing, pressure washing, and pressure washing followed by penetration, together with non-treated surface being used for comparison. The effect of the surface treatment technique was tested through the adhesion strength, which was executed at 2, 7, 28, and 120 days after application of the coating. The influence of the composition of geopolymer coating material was also discussed. Geopolymer-based mixtures achieved better adhesive strength than the cement-based mixture, regardless of surface treatment technique. The addition of sludge microfiller seems to be beneficial in improving the adhesive strength of geopolymer-type coating material.

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Sakamoto, Satoshi, Masaya Gemma, Yasuo Kondo, Kenji Yamaguchi, Mitsugu Yamaguchi, and Takao Yakou. "Influence of the Characteristics of a Workpiece on the Slicing Characteristics Including Tool Wear." MATEC Web of Conferences 221 (2018): 04005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201822104005.

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Multi-wire saws with a diamond electrodeposited wire tool are widely used to slice hard and brittle materials. The properties of the materials significantly affect the saw’s performance in terms of slicing quality, efficiency, and accuracy. In this study, the effects of the material properties of workpieces on wire tool performance and tool wear are described. The main conclusions are as follows: the higher the hardness and toughness of the workpiece material, the longer the slicing time and greater the damage to the wire tool. The brittleness of the workpiece adversely affects the thickness variation more than its hardness. In addition, the frequency of chipping mainly depends on the hardness of the workpiece, whereas the chipping size mainly depends on the toughness of the workpiece.

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Johnson, Odai. "Working Up from Postholes: (Im)Material Witnesses, Evidence, and Narrativity in the Colonial American Theatre." Theatre Survey 46, no. 2 (October 25, 2005): 183–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0040557405000128.

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Nasution, Hubban, and Mansuang Arksornnukit. "PMMA Demonstrated Higher Elastic Modulus and Nanohardness Compared with Polyamide Denture Base Materials." Key Engineering Materials 751 (August 2017): 643–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.751.643.

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The elastic modulus and nanohardness of denture bases may be different based on the type of material. The purpose of this study was to compare the elastic modulus and nanohardness of polyamide and polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) denture base materials. Three polyamide denture base materials (Valplast, Lucitone FRS, and Thermoplastic Comfort System (TCS)) and one Polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA,Triplex Hot) denture base material (n=10) were evaluated to compare their elastic modulus and nanohardness values using an ultramicroindentation system (UMIS 2000; CSIRO, Lindfield, Australia). The data were statistically analyzed using one-way ANOVA, followed by Tukey HSD and Tamhane’s post hoc tests (α=.05). The elastic modulus and nanohardness of PMMA were significantly higher compared to the polyamide groups (P<.05). All the materials showed significant differences in each of their elastic modulus and nanohardness (P<.05). The values of nanohardness and elastic modulus of each group were as follows: Triplex Hot > Lucitone FRS > Valplast > TCS. The elastic modulus and nanohardness values varied among the polyamide denture base materials. PMMA showed higher elastic modulus and nanohardness than the polyamide. A strong positive correlation existed between elastic modulus and nanohardness of the denture bases tested (R2 = 0.979, P<.05).

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Shen, De Jun, and Yan Fei Zhang. "Research on Fast-Growing Poplar Dyeing Technology Based on Material Properties." Applied Mechanics and Materials 730 (January 2015): 151–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.730.151.

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By exploring the acid yellow G to buck dyes dyeing was carried out on the fast-growing Yang path of material。Through orthogonal test to determine the optimum technology of dyeing;Test results are as follows。Dyed with acid dyes, test optimization process is dye mass fraction is 0.3%, dyeing time for 4 days, penetrating agent mass fraction is 0.05%, the dye solution pH value of 5.2.。

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Dahy, Hanaa. "‘Materials as a Design Tool’ Design Philosophy Applied in Three Innovative Research Pavilions Out of Sustainable Building Materials with Controlled End-Of-Life Scenarios." Buildings 9, no. 3 (March 13, 2019): 64. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/buildings9030064.

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Choosing building materials is usually the stage that follows design in the architectural design process, and is rarely used as a main input and driver for the design of the whole building’s geometries or structures. As an approach to have control over the environmental impact of the applied building materials and their after-use scenarios, an approach has been initiated by the author through a series of research studies, architectural built prototypes, and green material developments. This paper illustrates how sustainable building materials can be a main input in the design process, and how digital fabrication technologies can enable variable controlling strategies over the green materials’ properties, enabling adjustable innovative building spaces with new architectural typologies, aesthetic values, and controlled martial life cycles. Through this, a new type of design philosophy by means of applying sustainable building materials with closed life cycles is created. In this paper, three case studies of research pavilions are illustrated. The pavilions were prefabricated and constructed from newly developed sustainable building materials. The applied materials varied between structural and non-structural building materials, where each had a controlled end-of-life scenario. The application of the bio-based building materials was set as an initial design phase, and the architects here participated within two disciplines: once as designers, and additionally as green building material developers. In all three case studies, Design for Deconstruction (DfD) strategies were applied in different manners, encouraging architects to further follow such suggested approaches.

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Guo, Hong Yun, Kai Fang Xie, and Hua Wu Liu. "The Application of Enamel Material in the Jewelry Industry." Advanced Materials Research 602-604 (December 2012): 2031–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.602-604.2031.

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Enamel jewelry is carefully manufactured using glaze and gold, silver, copper and other precious metals. The processing technologies refer to multidisciplinary knowledge, such as painting, engraving, padding, inlaying, metallurgy and glass melting. The history of enamel was reviewed and the current challenges of enamel jewelry industry were investigated. The key challenges of the enamel jewelry industry are listed as follows: the counterfeit products dominate the enamel market, high performance enamel glaze is currently unviable, the industry standards have not been proposed, and the manufacturing technique is too complicated to be implemented by machine at this stage.

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Futamura, Shingo. "Analysis of Ice- and Snow Traction of Tread Material." Rubber Chemistry and Technology 69, no. 4 (September 1, 1996): 648–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.5254/1.3538392.

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Abstract The critical property of tire tread material for ice-skid resistance was analyzed. This skid resistance in the temperature range of 0 to −15°C is related to the compliance, not the hysteresis, of the tread material. Mechanistic analysis of the phenomena is presented in terms of the viscous resistance of a thin liquid-like layer on the surface of ice. The microscopic contact area and the wiping action of the tread material seem to be important factors for ice skid resistance. In a winter tire, the critical tread material property for traction on packed snow follows the same relationship.

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Niu, Fu Sheng, Ai Hong Guo, Xiang Wen Feng, and Ying Meng. "Modification of Retarder on Desulfurization Gypsum Wall Material." Advanced Materials Research 741 (August 2013): 45–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.741.45.

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In order to broaden the utilization of desulfurization gypsum in China and achieve the direct usage of desulfurization gypsum, in this paper, citric acid (CA), sodium citrate (SCA), sodium tripolyphosphate (STPP), Sodium hexametaphosphate (SP) were selected as retarder to modify desulfurization gypsum. The experiment results are as follows: the effect of SP, STPP, CA, SCA on desulfurization gypsum initial setting time is obvious; the turn is STPP> CA> SCA> SP; when the retarder dosage of STPP in desulfurization gypsum reaches 0.5%, the initial setting time can be extended to 210 min, the final setting time to 240min, which fully meets the demand of gypsum-site construction; inhibiting gypsum particles dissolution and preventing the growth of crystal nucleus are the fundamental reasons of STPP.

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Polenz, Stefan, Willy Kunz, Benjamin Braun, Andrea Franke, Elena López, Frank Brückner, and Christoph Leyens. "Development of a System for Additive Manufacturing of Ceramic Matrix Composite Structures Using Laser Technology." Materials 14, no. 12 (June 12, 2021): 3248. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14123248.

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Ceramic matrix composites (CMCs) are refractory ceramic materials with damage-tolerant behavior. Coming from the space industry, this class of materials is increasingly being used in other applications, such as automotive construction for high-performance brake discs, furnace technology, heat coatings for pipe systems and landing flaps on reusable rocket sections. In order to produce CMC faster and more cost-efficiently for the increasing demand, a new additive manufacturing process is being tested, which in the future should also be able to realize material joints and higher component wall thicknesses than conventional processes. The main features of the process are as follows. A ceramic fiber bundle is de-sized and infiltrated with ceramic suspension. The bundle infiltrated with matrix material is dried and then applied to a body form. During application, the matrix material is melted by laser radiation without damaging the fiber material. For the initial validation of the material system, samples are pressed and analyzed for their absorption properties using integrating sphere measurement. With the results, a suitable processing laser is selected, and initial melting tests of the matrix system are carried out. After the first validation of the process, a test system is set up, and the first test specimens are produced to determine the material parameters.

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Nongbri, Brent, and Stuart George Hall. "Melito’s Peri Pascha 1–5 as Recovered from a ‘Lost’ Leaf of Papyrus Bodmer XIII." Journal of Theological Studies 68, no. 2 (October 1, 2017): 576–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jts/flx156.

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Abstract The purpose of this article is to present some new material on the Greek text of Melito. In what follows, Brent Nongbri will describe the rediscovery of the first leaf of the Greek copy of Melito’s Peri Pascha in the Bodmer collection and discuss its place in the codex of which it is a part. We shall then jointly present a transcript of the text, supplemented where it is damaged with material from other sources and the published critical text. A new critical text follows, with notes in explanation. Finally we offer a new translation of the sections concerned.

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Chaiwong, Saowapa, Rattapon Saengrayap, Johnson Makinwa Ogunsua, Hiroaki Kitazawa, and Chureerat Prahsarn. "Performance of Different Bunch Cover Materials to Improve Quality of Cavendish Banana Cultivated during Winter and Summer in Thailand." Agronomy 11, no. 3 (March 23, 2021): 610. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy11030610.

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Performance of different cover materials on improving Cavendish banana quality was examined during winter and summer. The banana bunch was covered with a thin nonwoven innermost layer, followed by cover materials arranged from inner to outer as follows. (1) Control (commercial cover), paper/polystyrene sheet (PS)/non-perforated blue polyethylene (NPPE), (2) nonwoven (NW)/NPPE, (3) waterproof nonwoven (WPNW), (4) aluminum foil (ALF), and (5) WPNW + ALF. For the summer trial, control without PS layer was applied. Material properties including thickness, light transmissivity and heat energy (Qx) were evaluated. Results showed that Qx values transferred through PS sheet, NW, WPNW and ALF were not significantly different. ALF exhibited the lowest light transmissivity, associated with the highest fruit lightness (L*) and lowest fruit weight. For the winter trial, all cover materials exhibited chilling injury on fruit caused by temperatures below 10 °C. For the summer trial, five treatments prevented sunburn defect. Under field air temperature of 47.5 °C, ALF exhibited the lowest temperature (31.6 °C). All cover materials reduced hand and fruit sizes, whereas WPNW resulted in an increase in total soluble solids and prevented fading of the green peel color. Results suggested that WPNW, with reduced layers as environmentally friendly and reusable materials, had potential as a cover material to improve the quality of Cavendish banana.

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Qu, Zhipeng, Houdi Xiao, Mingyun Lv, Xihe Wang, Pengfei Wang, and Lei Xu. "Influence of Strengthening Material Behavior and Geometry Parameters on Mechanical Behavior of Biaxial Cruciform Specimen for Envelope Material." Materials 12, no. 17 (August 22, 2019): 2680. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma12172680.

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The stratospheric airship envelope material is operated in biaxial stress, so it is necessary to study the in-plane biaxial tensile strength. In this paper, a theoretical model is developed to evaluate the mechanical properties of in-plane biaxial specimens. Being applied to the finite element analysis, the theoretical model is employed to evaluate the influence of strengthening material behavior (E*) and geometry parameters on the mechanical behavior in the central. The follows results are drawn: (i) smaller the length of the central region (Lcen), E* and larger the central region corner radius (r) contribute to smaller coefficient of variation (CV); (ii) smaller Lcen and larger E* contribute to smaller stress concentration factor (k), k in the limit state of r is larger than that in other conditions. (iii) The CV and k under stress ratio of 1:1 are smaller than those under other stress ratios. The study can provide a useful reference for the design of biaxial specimens.

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Lu, Zhengfei, Monika Arrhenius, Tiffany Chua, Silva Babajanian, Yanjun Zhang, Peter Chang, and Gary Swanson. "Validation of a Targeted PCR Method for Raw and Processed Botanical Material Identification: An Example Using Matricaria chamomilla (Chamomile)." Journal of AOAC International 102, no. 6 (November 1, 2019): 1787–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.5740/jaoacint.19-0102.

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Background: A requirement of current good manufacturing practices for dietary supplements is that manufacturers must identify their dietary ingredients. DNA-based methods can provide species-level authentication that may sometimes be difficult to achieve using conventional morphological and chemical analysis methods. However, because of varying levels of DNA degradation in botanical materials, many commercial tests fail to generate consistent test results across all types of botanical materials. AOAC published guidelines for validation of botanical identification methods and proposed probability of identification (POI) as a method performance parameter. However, few DNA-based botanical authentication methods in the literature follow these guidelines and evaluate POI. Objective: To provide a targeted PCR method validation example that follows AOAC guidelines for validation of botanical identification methods. Methods: Using Matricaria chamomilla (chamomile) as an example, we performed a single-laboratory validation for a targeted PCR method that aimed to identify both raw and processed chamomile materials. The performance parameters of the test were evaluated by carrying out an inclusivity/exclusivity study and a Specified Superior Test Material/Specified Inferior Test Material study to demonstrate that the method’s POI meets industry requirements. Results: The chamomile samples were identified by the method and achieved a POI greater than 0.9 with respect to all types of chamomile botanical materials. Conclusions: The method was validated for DNA-based identification of raw and processed chamomile materials, such as sterilized powders and extracts. Highlights: This work will provide insight for laboratories and manufacturers that aim to develop and validate DNA-based botanical identification methods.

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Lu, Zhengfei, Monika Arrhenius, Tiffany Chua, Silva Babajanian, Yanjun Zhang, Peter Chang, and Gary Swanson. "Validation of a Targeted PCR Method for Raw and Processed Botanical Material Identification: An Example Using Matricaria chamomilla (Chamomile)." Journal of AOAC INTERNATIONAL 102, no. 6 (November 1, 2019): 1787–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jaoac/102.6.1787.

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Abstract Background: A requirement of current good manufacturing practices for dietary supplements is that manufacturers must identify their dietary ingredients. DNA-based methods can provide species-level authentication that may sometimes be difficult to achieve using conventional morphological and chemical analysis methods. However, because of varying levels of DNA degradation in botanical materials, many commercial tests fail to generate consistent test results across all types of botanical materials. AOAC published guidelines for validation of botanical identification methods and proposed probability of identification (POI) as a method performance parameter. However, few DNA-based botanical authentication methods in the literature follow these guidelines and evaluate POI. Objective: To provide a targeted PCR method validation example that follows AOAC guidelines for validation of botanical identification methods. Methods: Using Matricaria chamomilla (chamomile) as an example, we performed a single-laboratory validation for a targeted PCR method that aimed to identify both raw and processed chamomile materials. The performance parameters of the test were evaluated by carrying out an inclusivity/exclusivity study and a Specified Superior Test Material/Specified Inferior Test Material study to demonstrate that the method’s POI meets industry requirements. Results: The chamomile samples were identified by the method and achieved a POI greater than 0.9 with respect to all types of chamomile botanical materials. Conclusions: The method was validated for DNA-based identification of raw and processed chamomile materials, such as sterilized powders and extracts. Highlights: This work will provide insight for laboratories and manufacturers that aim to develop and validate DNA-based botanical identification methods.

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Lyman, Geoff. "Material intrinsic heterogeneity: statistical derivation." TOS Forum 2020, no. 10 (October 19, 2020): 31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1255/tosf.124.

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The value of a fully statistical sampling theory is that it is possible to quantify a measure of material intrinsic heterogeneity and, on this basis, provide the entire distribution of the analyte content of potential samples to be extracted from the lot. The analyte content of a sample of a given mass is a random quantity as samples of nominally equal masses taken from a lot in a given state of comminution will not have exactly the sample analyte content. The analyte content of a sample is correctly described as a random variable and to characterise a random variable completely it is necessary to know either the probability density function or distribution function for the random variable, or all of the moments of the random variable (mean, variance and all the higher moments). The following discussion derives the fundamental sampling variance from a purely mathematical statistics basis, relying on the assumption that the number of particles of any one type (size and analyte content) that fall into a sample taken in a mechanically correct manner (following the principle of equiprobable sampling) follows a Poisson distribution. In addition, the Poisson distributions of particle numbers are statistically independent. A more fully argued substantiation of this fundamental assumption, partial experimental evidence and standard statistical introduction to the definition and properties of the Poisson distribution, and reasons for its use, can be found at the end of this article. © Materials Sampling & Consulting 2020

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Liao, Ling Ya, Che Ming Chiang, and Chen Cheng Chen. "Variance Analysis from an Inter-Laboratory Comparison about Different Emission Test Methods by a Certified Green Building Material in Taiwan." Advanced Materials Research 335-336 (September 2011): 756–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.335-336.756.

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This paper utilizes a product certified by Green Building Material Label (TGBML) in Taiwan on comparing the benchmarks of emission, test methods and compounds with other green building material labels, especially focusing the analyte on HCHO and VOCs. On a statistical basis, we get the test values of 288 low-emission products certified by TGBML. The average emission rates of HCHO and VOCs are as follows: HCHO=0.0028 mg/m2*hr, and TVOC=0.0683 mg/m2*hr. (Benchmarks of low-emission product of TGBML are as follows: HCHO=0.08 mg/m2*hr, and TVOC=0.19 mg/m2*hr) This paper reveals that the product certified by Taiwan Green Building Material Label (TGBML) can pass the benchmarks of other 3 building material labels. In order to promote a healthy IEQ environment in Taiwan, these results may provide stricter low-emission benchmarks and suggestions of other compounds which can be added to the prerequisites of tests in Taiwan.

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Welker, Roger. "Size Distributions of Particles Extracted from Different Materials Compared with the MIL-STD-1246 Particle Size Distribution." Journal of the IEST 43, no. 4 (September 19, 2000): 25–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.17764/jiet.43.4.b9490831l54t44wt.

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MIL-STD-1246 particle-size distribution is the basis for specifying the particle cleanliness of surfaces for many governmental and industrial applications. MIL-STD-1246 states that naturally occurring particle contamination on surfaces follows a log-normal particle-size distribution, with a geometric mean of 1 μm, following a very precise size specification. However, the naturally occurring particle-size distribution may be a function of the material under examination or the prior cleaning or surface treatment history of the material. This paper explores the relation between the MIL-STD-1246 particle-size distribution and particle-size distributions measured after extraction followed by liquidborne particle-size distribution analysis.

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Serweta, Wioleta, Małgorzata Matusiak, and Katarzyna Ławińska. "Research on Optimising the Insulation of Footwear Materials Using Statistical Methods." Fibres and Textiles in Eastern Europe 27, no. 4(136) (August 31, 2019): 81–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0013.1823.

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In this paper, the results of research on the thermal insulation properties of textile and leather materials are presented. These materials were used in order to develop innovative footwear upper combinations with higher hygienic properties. Outer leather materials (L1, L2) and textile (T1, T2, T3, T4) were joined around the edges by stitching with leather lining materials (LG1a, LG1b, LG1c) and textiles. Moreover, the textile linings were divided into the following groups: spacer fabrics (TG2a, TG2b, TG2c), flat textiles (TG3a, TG3b, TG3c) and flat textiles based on bamboo fibres (TG4a, TG4b, TG4c, TG4d). In the next step of these investigations, the materials were joined in a two – layered composition, where for the outer layer was upper material, and for the inner – lining material. For these compositions, the thermal insulation properties were measured with the use of an Alambeta device. The following material characteristics were determined: thermal conductivity, resistance and absorptivity, which were the most important parameters from a hygienic point of view. The classification mentioned above was important from the manufacturer’s point of view because it gave a set of information about optimal upper material configurations. With respect to the results obtained, the best packages from the thermal insulation point of view were as follows: L2 – TG4b, L1 – TG4b, T1 – LG1a, T2 – TG4a, T3 – TG4a & T4 – LG1a.

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Wang, Hongwei, Ziqiang Tao, Nianpeng Si, Yanling Fu, Tao Li, and Haiqing Xiao. "Failure Analysis of Cathode Materials for Energy Storage Batteries in Overcharge Test." MATEC Web of Conferences 142 (2018): 01007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201814201007.

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The micro-analysis of energy storage batteries in overcharge test at 20°C temperature was investigated. The results showed as follows: (1) Compared with the normal battery charge at room temperature scanning microscope maps of battery overcharge, the crystal was fractured of the positive surface when the battery was overcharging, and with the increase of experimental time, the crystal fracture is more serious, this is to say that the battery electrolyte decomposition or battery material structure could change by overcharge test. (2) Based on the XRD maps, the characteristic peak position of overcharge test of cathode materials were changed, this showed that the content of cathode material elemental has been destroyed and changed in overcharge test.

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Liaparinos, Panagiotis, and Stratos David. "The Surface-Roughness Effects on Light Beam Interactions between the CsI Phosphor and Optical Sensing Materials." Crystals 10, no. 3 (March 5, 2020): 174. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cryst10030174.

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In digital phosphor-based imaging modalities, one important intermediate stage is the optical coupling between the phosphor material and the optical sensor. The performance of the optical compatibility is affected by surface-roughness issues, for which further research should be paid. This paper investigates the surface-roughness influence between the CsI phosphor material and the optical sensing materials (i.e., the silicon dioxide—SiO2, the indium tin oxide—ITO, and the indium gallium arsenide—InGaAs) employed in several image devices. Results showed that for all sensing materials, the transmission factor t of the optical signal follows qualitatively the variation of their refractive indexes and quantitatively the variation of the surface roughness and the incident polar angle. Finally, with respect to light wavelength, the curve of variation was found to be continuous for ITO and SiO2 sensing materials; however, lower and sharper variations were observed in the first case.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Material follows'

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