Academic literature on the topic 'Material productivity'
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Journal articles on the topic "Material productivity"
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Steinberger, Julia K., and Fridolin Krausmann. "Material and Energy Productivity." Environmental Science & Technology 45, no. 4 (2011): 1169–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/es1028537.
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Adelaja, Adesoji O. "Material Productivity in Food Manufacturing." American Journal of Agricultural Economics 74, no. 1 (1992): 177–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1243002.
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Kelvin, Egberi A., and Okorie Chiyem. "Materials Management and Productivity of Fast Moving Consumer Goods Companies in Nigeria: A canonical Correlation Approach." Journal of Management and Social Science Research 1, no. 1/2 (2020): 34–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.47524/jmssr.11.5.
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In this paper, the effect of material management on productivity level of fast moving consumer products enterprises in Nigeria was assessed. The survey design was employed and questionnaire was the major instrument of data collection designed via two material management dimensions (raw materials and work-in- progress) and productivity dimensions (material efficiency and yield). Questionnaire were administered to three hundred and seven (307) respondents and data obtained were analyzed using Canonical correlation. Results of canonical correlation analysis revealed that the combination of material efficiency and yield (productivity proxies) had a statistically significant relationship on sets of material management being measured by raw material and work-in-progress. The study concludes that improvement in material management will increase the productivity of FMCG companies in Nigeria. Given the results of the study, improvements in material management is needed such that material requisition and conversion units should ensure that required materials for production of goods are those put into the production process in order to realize efficiency of production and superior yield of finished goods by fast moving consumer products organizations. In addition, fast moving products companies should ensure maintenance of optimum level of material resources in its store room and reduce unhealthy practice in material usage that are pivotal to reducing productivity.
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Schandl, Heinz, and James West. "Material Flows and Material Productivity in China, Australia, and Japan." Journal of Industrial Ecology 16, no. 3 (2012): 352–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1530-9290.2011.00420.x.
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Kumar, C. N. Ashok, and R. Deivanathan. "Effect of Aluminium Alloy and Mild Steel on the Productivity in Sheet Metal Forming Processes." Applied Mechanics and Materials 234 (November 2012): 64–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.234.64.
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Productivity is one of the major factors that affect the profit of any industry or any product. In manufacturing industries, the productivity is showing the efficiency of the production unit. It depends on many factors such as technology, machine, method, management, materials etc. In this study, material used is considered and analyzed how it affects the productivity. Productivity is normally expressed as the number of units produced / unit time. Sheet metal forming is one of the major manufacturing processes and used for most of the products. So the selection of material is important for good quality as well as economical production. This article discusses how the material influences the productivity. For this study, a product U Clamp is considered. The materials considered for the study are the aluminum and mild steel. The U clamps are formed by aluminum as well as mild steel by using the same die. Data on operation time, material handling time are collected, analyzed and discussed.
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Roy, Ranjeet, and G. S. Dangayach. "Measuring productivity and material handling cost reduction." International Journal of Business and Systems Research 9, no. 3 (2015): 214. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijbsr.2015.071820.
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Adelaja, Adesoji O. "Productivity Growth and Input Mix Changes in Food Processing." Northeastern Journal of Agricultural and Resource Economics 21, no. 1 (1992): 21–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0899367x0000249x.
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To examine productivity growth in New Jersey's food-processing sector, this study conducts a joint analysis of total and partial factor productivity indexes. Results indicate growing material intensity, declining labor and capital intensities, and relatively slow material productivity growth. However, due to the high cost share of material inputs, material productivity growth contributed more to total factor productivity growth than did growth in the productivity of any other input. In fact, almost half of the growth in overall productivity is attributed to material productivity growth. Results also suggest that the 1973 decline in total factor productivity was characterized by greater decline in material productivity than in the productivities of labor and capital.
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Czechowski, Kazimierz. "Increasing the productivity of machining." Mechanik 92, no. 7 (2019): 406–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.17814/mechanik.2019.7.45.
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Selected issues related to increasing the productivity of machining were presented. Examples of increasing the tool life by depositing nanostructured PVD coatings on blades are presented. The increase of productivity through selection of machining parameters based on material machinability tests was discussed. The possibilities of The Institute of Advanced Manufacturing Technology in this regards are presented. Some aspects of materials machinability evaluation and cutting abilities of tool edges, as well as effects of metal cutting fluids on these properties are discussed.
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Beaulieu, Judith, Mario Godard, and François Bowen. "Calculating the Productivity and Efficiency of an Educational Product: Transposition of Mario Godard’s Method." INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RESEARCH IN EDUCATION METHODOLOGY 8, no. 1 (2017): 1411–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.24297/ijrem.v8i1.6070.
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The Office of the educational material’s approval is responsible for approving educational material. The approval process does not include use of the material by students. The productivity of educational products is unknown. The goal of this article is to find a way to calculate the productivity and efficiency of an educational product, to improve it in order to provide a truly effective tool. To do this, we were inspired by the book written by Professor Mario Godard (2010). We will propose ways to measure the productivity and efficiency of an educational product. Finally, we will discuss the difficulties caused by this calculation. RÉSUMÉ. Le Bureau d’approbation du matériel didactique a pour tâche d’approuver le matériel didactique. Cette évaluation ne comprend pas une utilisation par les élèves. La productivité et l’efficience du processus de conception d’un produit pédagogique et l’impact de l’utilisation de ce produit sur la productivité du processus d’utilisation sont inconnus. Ce texte a pour objectif de trouver une façon de calculer la productivité et l’efficience du processus de conception d’un produit et l’impact de l’utilisation d’un produit pédagogique sur la productivité du processus de formation. Pour ce faire, nous nous sommes inspirés du livre du professeur Mario Godard (2010).
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Baptist, Simon, and Cameron Hepburn. "Intermediate inputs and economic productivity." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences 371, no. 1986 (2013): 20110565. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsta.2011.0565.
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Many models of economic growth exclude materials, energy and other intermediate inputs from the production function. Growing environmental pressures and resource prices suggest that this may be increasingly inappropriate. This paper explores the relationship between intermediate input intensity, productivity and national accounts using a panel dataset of manufacturing subsectors in the USA over 47 years. The first contribution is to identify sectoral production functions that incorporate intermediate inputs, while allowing for heterogeneity in both technology and productivity. The second contribution is that the paper finds a negative correlation between intermediate input intensity and total factor productivity (TFP)—sectors that are less intensive in their use of intermediate inputs have higher productivity. This finding is replicated at the firm level. We propose tentative hypotheses to explain this association, but testing and further disaggregation of intermediate inputs is left for further work. Further work could also explore more directly the relationship between material inputs and economic growth—given the high proportion of materials in intermediate inputs, the results in this paper are suggestive of further work on material efficiency. Depending upon the nature of the mechanism linking a reduction in intermediate input intensity to an increase in TFP, the implications could be significant. A third contribution is to suggest that an empirical bias in productivity, as measured in national accounts, may arise due to the exclusion of intermediate inputs. Current conventions of measuring productivity in national accounts may overstate the productivity of resource-intensive sectors relative to other sectors.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Material productivity"
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Primack, Willow. "Analysis and productivity improvement of an automated material handling system through simulation." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/99026.
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Thesis: M.B.A., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Sloan School of Management, 2015. In conjunction with the Leaders for Global Operations Program at MIT.<br>Thesis: S.M., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Mechanical Engineering, 2015. In conjunction with the Leaders for Global Operations Program at MIT.<br>Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.<br>Includes bibliographical references (pages 66-67).<br>As Amazon.com has grown, the company has invested in warehouse systems similar to those traditionally found in manufacturing. These systems are a complex and interconnected set of manned work processing stations linked together by conveyance. This thesis examines one such system, arranged as a set of parallel single piece workflow lines joined by a central computerized sorter that route work between lines, and examines the effect of sorter algorithms and line capacity on production output. Work studies, interviews, and a practical experiment suggest a deterioration in the feedback provided to the central sorter for work routing. A Monte Carlo simulation model of the system further supports this hypothesis, suggesting that system throughput is 11.7% lower than a system that perfectly routes work to line in a pull fashion. While perfect routing is not practically feasible, the thesis then explores two routing heuristics designed around starvation response and dynamic capacity analysis, which simulation suggest may yield a 6.73% increase in throughput. In doing so, the thesis provides a case study on process improvement using simulation to characterize a complicated mechanical production system that is otherwise analytically intractable.<br>by Willow Primack.<br>M.B.A.<br>S.M.
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Flachenecker, Florian. "Competitiveness and climate change mitigation : empirical evidence on the effects of material use and material productivity on competitiveness and greenhouse gas emissions in Europe." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2018. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/10040758/.
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Aligning competitiveness with climate change mitigation objectives lies at the heart of contemporary discourses on sustainable development, resource efficiency, green growth, and the circular economy. While numerous scholars and policymakers, particularly in Europe, follow the notion that decreasing material use and increasing material productivity can boost competitiveness and help to mitigate climate change, the empirical evidence underlying this assertion has put little emphasis on two important issues. First, many studies predominantly rely on case studies, often not considering dynamic effects and heterogeneity across firms, sectors, countries, material subgroups, and material indicators. Second, the majority of investigations do not address the potential problem of endogeneity in empirical models. This dissertation attempts to shift the focus on these and other issues having received relatively little scrutiny in the existing literature by four interrelated analyses on European economies and firms. First, the effect of material use on greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions is empirically assessed, finding a robust and positive link mostly driven by fossil fuel use. Second, it is investigated whether economic growth is a driver of material use, suggesting that economic growth causes an increase in material use for Western European countries. Third, the effects of material productivity on indicators of macroeconomic competitiveness and GHG emissions are investigated, finding little evidence for any statically significant link, except of increased average wages and improvements in the current account. Fourth, the effects of eco-innovation induced material productivity increases on microeconomic competitiveness and firm level GHG emissions are studied, providing evidence that material productivity increases microeconomic competitiveness and reduces GHG emissions. However, these effects are heterogeneously distributed across sectors and countries. Overall, this dissertation draws a nuanced picture by providing new evidence that material use and material productivity can support competitiveness and climate change mitigation objectives, but such benefits are likely to be unequally distributed across firms, sectors, and countries. To this end, the results provide important policy insights, including that weight-based material indicators are linked to GHG emissions, internalising externalities is essential, and eco-innovations can enable certain firms, sectors, and countries to grasp the benefits of material productivity improvements. Moreover, it is important to further investigate the implications of moving towards more material productive economies based on greater emphasis on heterogeneity, endogeneity, and improved data.
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Giljum, Stefan, Monika Dittrich, Franz Stephan Lutter, and Mirko Lieber. "Global patterns of material flows and their socio-economic and environmental implications: a MFA study on all countries world-wide from 1980 to 2009." MDPI, 2014. http://epub.wu.ac.at/5322/1/resources%2D03%2D00319.pdf.
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This paper assesses world-wide patterns of material extraction, trade,
consumption and productivity based on a new data set for economy-wide material flows,
covering used materials for all countries world-wide between 1980 and 2009. We show
that global material extraction has grown by more than 90% over the past 30 years and is
reaching almost 70 billion tonnes today. Also, trade volumes in physical terms have
increased by a factor of 2.5 over the past 30 years, and in 2009, 9.3 billion tonnes of raw
materials and products were traded around the globe. China has turned into the biggest
consumer of materials world-wide and together with the US, India, Brazil and Russia,
consumes more than 50% of all globally extracted materials. We also show that the
per-capita consumption levels are very uneven, with a factor of more than 60 between the
country with the lowest and highest consumption in 2009. On average, each human being
consumed 10 tonnes of materials in 2009, 2 tonnes more than in 1980. We discuss whether
decoupling of economies' growth from resource use has occurred and analyse
interrelations of material use with human development. Finally, we elaborate on key
environmental problems related to various material groups.
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West, Jim. "Regional and national socio-metabolic transitions in a globalized trading system." Thesis, Griffith University, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10072/370619.
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In recent years the concepts of environmental sustainability, and of potential \planetary
boundaries" with regard to Earth's ability to both continue to supply the material needs
of human societies, and sink the waste products of those societies, have come increasingly
to the fore. The extraction, processing and use of primary materials (i.e. those extracted
directly from the environment such as biomass in the form of crops and wood, fossil fuels,
metal ores, and non-metallic minerals) drive important environmental and economic problems
such as deforestation, depletion of mineral resources and creation of toxic mine wastes,
decreasing biodiversity, water pollution, and the build-up of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere,
to name just a few. Crucially, as societies transition from basic agrarian societies
to industrialized economies, they require much higher inputs of primary materials from the
environment, and emit much more waste back into the environment. A large portion of the
Earth's population is currently undergoing, or poised to undergo, this transition and so we are
entering a period where the problems caused by the exploitation of primary materials should
increase greatly.
The ability to forecast the magnitude of this anticipated growth in material
flows would
be a valuable aid to planning to deal with these problems. Put simply, if you can't anticipate
the likely size and timing of a problem, then it is very di cult to e ectively plan the size and
timescale of the response required to mitigate the threat. To usefully inform potential policy
making in this regard, the author judged that a relevant forecasting tool would need to be
able to discriminate detail on primary material
flows to at least the national level, and over
multiple decades. The pursuit of such a tool provided the initial impetus for this project.
One major existing theoretical framework, that of socio-metabolic transitions (SMT), appeared
to have the potential to be developed into a practical forecasting tool, not least because
some of the literature associated with it strongly suggested that countries at similar levels of development required similar per capita levels of material and energy inputs to sustain them.
It became evident early on in this dissertation, however, that while the SMT framework provides
a useful qualitative description of the evolution of material
flow patterns during the
process of industrialization, the idea that national material and energy
flows were similar at
similar levels of industrialization grossly oversimpli ed the reality. A number of reasons were
subsequently identi ed for this, however the single most important one was the role of international
trade in spatially separating the material and energy-intensive stages of production
chains from end consumers. As a result, the SMT framework did not really have the potential
to be developed into a useful forecasting tool for material
flows.
As there was no clear rival overarching framework similar to the SMT to replace it in
this role, the emphasis of the project shifted, initially to investigating why the super cial
potential of the SMT framework as a forecasting tool proved illusory, then on to exploring a
second, more empirical path to forecasting, based on a much broader application of panel data
modelling than had previously been used in this eld. An understanding of why the SMT
framework could not be generalized into a predictor of material
flows patterns was achieved
via a series of case studies. Three of these examined the patterns and drivers of material
flows, at the national level and over a period of decades, for three di erent World regions.
In these studies, the relative importance of changes in population, a uence, and changing
technological e ciencies in driving the growth of gross material
flows, and in driving di erent
mixes of individual materials categories (biomass, fossil fuels, metal ores, construction minerals),
were important foci. A fourth study examined a set of three nations which were closely
linked by mutual trade. This latter study detailed a major mechanism, the concentration of
primary materials prior to trade, that in itself was su cient to rule out developing the SMT
framework into an e ective forecasting tool.
The exercise of extending statistical analyses revolved around combining the Stochastic
Impacts by Regression on Population, A uence and Technology (STIRPAT) model, with
panel data modelling techniques, using this combination to test a series of socio-economic
variables for their explanatory power with regard to material
ows. Both STIRPAT and
panel analyses had been used in a limited fashion in previous studies on material
flows, however
they had typically been used separately, and restricted to a very limited range of potential explanatory variables.
Some important ndings and questions arose from running these analyses and interpreting
the results in the context of knowledge gained while performing the case studies. These
include:
While simple statistical models using only population and a uence perform quite well
at explaining material
flows at a global scale in cross-sectional models, they do not work
well at a national level when time is also taken into account. They thus can't provide
useful forecasts at a national level. None of the additional independent variables subsequently
tested (including some relating to economic structure, biological productivity,
climate, available land mass, and the level of education/knowledge of the population),
improved performance of the models su ciently to change this conclusion.
There is an important question over the validity of treating GDP as an independent
explanatory variable in studies which seek to explain patterns of material and energy
flows. The act of including GDP-based measures in regression analyses may in reality
serve to mask more fundamental drivers of material
flows. It also suggests that the
apparent predictive power of a uence in cross-sectional analyses may rely on a partially
circular logic, in part because the mere act of mobilizing material
flows on a large scale
will of itself contribute to GDP. The issue of circularity here appears likely to be very
complex, and was not explored in detail as part of this project.
Globalization of world trade means that the nation-state cannot be considered the appropriate
unit for forecasting material
flow trajectories. Not only is domestic extraction
of primary materials often no longer governed by the demands of the domestic economy,
but nations which have become major suppliers or importers of primary materials often
develop in this way due to inherently unpredictable historical contingencies. Those historical
contingencies, such as the emergence of a major export market for a particular
commodity, often have their origin in factors exogenous to the nation where the extractive
activity subsequently takes place. This further discounts the prospects for being
able to forecast material
flows from independent, national level variables.<br>Thesis (PhD Doctorate)<br>Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)<br>Griffith School of Environment<br>Science, Environment, Engineering and Technology<br>Full Text
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Chrabačka, Michal. "Interní logistika a manipulace ve výrobní společnosti." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta podnikatelská, 2017. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-319224.
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The diploma thesis focuses on internal logistics and manipulation in the manufacturing company. First part provides theoretical background. Second part offers an insight into the current state and last part contains a solution for optimization of internal logistics.
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GONDI, REVANTH SAI, and RINESH KURUGONDA. "Developing a standardized framework for achieving efficient material flow by eliminating effects of non value added activities." Thesis, Tekniska Högskolan, Jönköping University, JTH, Produktionsutveckling, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-50929.
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In today’s competitive global market every companies strive to overcome challenges that occur during manufacturing in order to gain profits and stay in competition. Overcoming challenges include elimination or reduction of non-value adding activities that are happening in production. To eliminate non-value adding activities and achieve desired workflow it is important to follow set of successful strategies which suits production system. In this current research framework has been proposed which aids reduction of non-value adding activities and also plays an important role in achieving efficient material flow. Current research is carried out in a single case study at a Swedish manufacturing firm where identification of effects of existing non-value-added activities in major aspects of material flow was carried out. By analysing the findings from case company along with data from literature review effects of NVA on material flow were identified in production facility and solution has been recommended in the form of framework to overcome these problems. In the conclusion a set of strategies were developed into a framework by analysing the effects of existing NVA in production facility has been further recommended for implementation at case company to check for generalisability of developed framework. This framework aids in overcoming common problems associated with material flow along with eliminating effects of NVA activities and also helps improving productivity which enhances proper flow of materials into line.
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Silva, José Stanley de Oliveira. "Produtividade de óleo de palma na cultura do dendê na Amazônia Oriental: influência do clima e do material genético." Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 2006. http://locus.ufv.br/handle/123456789/4554.
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Previous issue date: 2006-08-16<br>Agropalma - Cia. Refinadora da Amazônia<br>African palm tree oil, known in Brazil as dendê, has a great economic potential, yielding between 4 and 5 tons per hectare. The oil, which has exceptional qualities for human consumption, is physically processed by means of an oil press, with no need for chemical solvents. It is characterized as an agro-industrial activity with considerable investment in social infrastructure and intensive labor and no problems during the time between harvests, generating good quality employment due to the crop s high yield. This work aimed to evaluate the influence of the factors climate, genetic material, and oil-palm tree age on fresh fruit bunch (FFB) yield, extraction rate (ER) and oil productivity (OP). Data relative to six genetic materials from a commercial African oil-palm plantation owned by Agropalma Industry were shown in relation to oil extraction rate (ER), fresh fruit bunch (FFB) productivity and climate. The genetic materials evaluated were Avros, Lamé, Ghana, Ekona, Lamé-Embrapa and Kigoma and the total area evaluated was 32.000 ha. The data base was composed by assessments and laboratory analyses carried out by Agropalma during 1995-2005. These data are classified into field, industry and laboratory data, totaling 24.245 data. The effect of oil-palm tree age on FFB productivity (t/ha), ER and OP (t/ha) was evaluated in all the genetic materials. In the materials Avros, Lamé, Ghana and Ekona, mean bunch weight (MBW) and the percentages of fruits in the bunch (FBP), partenocarpic fruits (PFP), fruit mesocarp (FMP), fruit oil (FOP) and bunch oil (BOP) were evaluated. Mean, standard deviation and confidence interval were determined and regression equations were used to evaluate the age effect. Field and industry data were shown in tables that generated graphics of climate, production and linear correlation monthly out of step at an interval from zero to 12 months. The materials Lamé-Embrapa, Ekona, Ghana and Kigoma presented better initial performances of FFB and OP productivity than the traditional materials Avros and Lamé. For MFP, FOP, and ER, the genetic materials Ghana and Ekona presented the best percentages, confirming the best performance of fresh fruit bunch and oil productivity of the new improved materials. A decreasing ER behavior of the genetic material Avros was verified, with a drop of 30.5 % at 21 years of age compared to the initial age (3.5 years). No reports on this information are available in the national literature and only scarce reference is found in the international literature. Climate, mainly precipitation and insulation have direct effects on extraction rate. Genetic material was confirmed to influence fresh fruit bunch productivity, oil extraction rate and oil productivity.<br>A palmeira-africana, conhecida no Brasil por dendê, apresenta grande potencial de exploração econômica, com produtividade de óleo entre 4 e 5 toneladas por hectare. O processo de extração desse óleo, de excepcionais qualidades para a alimentação humana, é físico, mediante o uso de prensas, sem demandar o emprego de solventes químicos. Caracteriza-se como uma atividade agroindustrial, com consideráveis investimentos em infra-estrutura social e utilização intensiva de mão-de-obra, sem problemas de entressafras e com geração de empregos de boa qualidade, pela alta rentabilidade da cultura. Objetivou-se com este trabalho avaliar a influência dos fatores clima, material genético e idade da palmeira na produtividade de cacho de fruto fresco (CFF), na taxa de extração (TE) e na produtividade de óleo (PO). Sistematizaram-se dados de um plantio comercial de palma-africana da empresa Agropalma, relativos a seis materiais genéticos, à taxa de extração do óleo de palma (TE), à produtividade de cacho de fruto fresco (CFF) e ao clima. Os materiais genéticos avaliados foram Avros, Lamé, Ghana, Ekona, Lamé-Embrapa e Kigoma. A área total avaliada foi 32.000 ha. A base de dados foi composta por levantamentos e análises de laboratório realizados pela Agropalma no período de 1995 a 2005. Esses dados estão divididos em dados de campo, da indústria e do laboratório, num total de 24.245 dados. Em todos os materiais genéticos foi analisado o efeito da idade da palmeira na produtividade de CFF (t/ha), na TE e na PO (t/ha). Nos materiais Avros, Lamé, Ghana e Ekona, foram avaliados também o peso médio do cacho (PMC) e os porcentuais de frutos viáveis no cacho (PFV), de frutos partenocárpicos (PFP), de mesocarpo no fruto (PMF), de óleo no fruto (POF) e de óleo no cacho (TE). Foram determinados a média, o desvio-padrão e o intervalo de confiança, e para avaliar o efeito da idade, foram utilizadas as equações de regressão. Os dados de campo e da indústria foram sistematizados em tabelas que geraram gráficos de fatores de clima, de produção e de correlação linear defasada mensalmente, em um intervalo de zero a 12 meses. Os materiais Lamé-Embrapa, Ekona, Ghana e Kigoma apresentaram desempenhos iniciais de produtividade de CFF e PO melhores que os dos materiais tradicionais Avros e Lamé. Com relação aos PMF, POF e TE, os materiais genéticos Ghana e Ekona apresentaram os melhores porcentuais, confirmando o melhor desempenho de produção de cacho de fruto fresco e de óleo dos novos materiais melhorados. Um comportamento declinante na TE do material Avros foi constatado, com queda de 30,5 % aos 21 anos de idade, em relação à idade inicial (3,5 anos). Não há relatos dessa informação na literatura nacional e apenas escassa referência na literatura internacional. O clima, principalmente a precipitação e a insolação, tem efeitos diretos na taxa de extração. Constatou-se que o material genético influencia a produtividade de cachos, a taxa de extração e a produtividade de óleo.
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Hosseini, Ehsan, and Jonas Backsten. "Model for evaluating materials supply methods to assembly stations." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för teknik, TEK, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-13634.
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The purpose of this thesis is to develop a model that is going to be used when wanting to cost-effectively improve the productivity of material supply to assembly with consideration to improve ergonomics and quality of semi-finished products. For this approach a case company’s material supply and assembly station have been studied. By utilising interviews, observations, time measurements and the company’s archival records relevant data have been gathered to review the company’s current materials supply method and assembly station in order to compare it with new possible materials supply methods. A cost break down structure was made in order to identify the different cost drivers for the different materials supply methods. This facilitated the time measurements since they pointed out which operations/activities that should be studied. There were two main types of materials supply methods used in the comparisons, which were line stocking and materials kitting. Line stocking was the first alternative since it was their current material supply method. In materials kitting, the new material supply method, there was two sub types examined, kit carriers and kits in pallets. The conclusion was that that the kit carriers made it possible to improve the labour productivity of one assembly station and at the same time being cost-effective. The kit carriers did also improve the ergonomics for the assembler, but on the contrary worsened the ergonomics for the material handlers. It was also perceived by the assemblers and materials handlers that the quality of the materials was improved when using the kit carriers.<br>Syftet med det här examensarbetet är att utveckla en modell som kommer att användas när man kostnadseffektivt vill förbättra produktiviteten av materialförsörjningen till montering med hänsyn till att förbättra ergonomin och kvaliteten på halvfabrikats produkter. För denna uppgift har ett fallföretags materialförsörjning och en monteringsstation blivit studerade. Genom att använda intervjuer, observationer, tidmätningar och företagsdokument så har relevant data samlats in for att undersöka företagets nuvarande materialförsörjningsmetod och monteringsstation för att kunna jämföra de mot nya möjliga materialförsörjningsmetoder. Ett kostnadsstrukturträd gjordes för att kunna identifiera de kostnadsdrivare för de olika materialförsörjningsmetoderna. Detta underlättade tidmätningarna eftersom de pekade ut vilka operationer/aktiviteter som borde bli studerade. Det var två huvudsakliga materialförsörjningsmetoder som användes i jämförelserna, vilka var linje lagring och kittning av material. Linje lagring var det första alternativet eftersom det var deras nuvarande materialförsörjningsmetod. I kittningen av material, som var det nya alternativet, så var det två subtyper undersökta, kitvagnar och kit i pall. Slutsatsen var att kitvagnarna gjorde det möjligt att förbättra arbetsproduktiviteten i en monteringsstation samtidigt som den var kostnadseffektiv. Kitvagnarna förbättrade även ergonomin för montören men däremot försämrade den ergonomin för materialhanterarna. Det upplevdes också av montörerna och materialhanterarna att kvalitén av materialen förbättrades när kitvagnarna användes.
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Du, Plessis Marius. "A fibre optimisation index developed from a material investigation of Eucalyptus grandis for the Kraft pulping process." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/20025.
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Thesis (PhD (For))--Stellenbosch University, 2012.<br>ENGLISH ABSTRACT: A primary reason for the existence of the forest industry is to provide a renewable and natural resource for much needed timber and fibre products. Substantial improvements in management practices are required to increase forest volume and pulp yields for increased demand. Eucalyptus grandis clonal trees of age 6.75 years, grown in a Nelder 1a spacing experiment, were sampled and analysed to describe the effect of planting density on i) growth and yield, ii) wood properties and iii) pulp and paper quality. The main objective was to populate a fibre productivity index (FPI) which would be suitable from technical and economical perspectives.
A material study was conducted on the wood and in addition, two methods were developed to further describe the variability of the forest resource to i) separate growth rings by means of wood density peaks from gamma-ray densitometry and ii) calibrate near infrared (NIR) prediction models. The results indicated that planting density did not influence the variability of wood density but mechanisms affecting available soil water are important. NIR prediction models were developed to rapidly and reliably assess wood properties on a non-destructive basis. The validation models for wood density, total pulp yield, kappa number and insoluble lignin returned high predictive ability. When applied to predict chemical properties from an independent data set, the outcomes were accurate in comparison with measured data. Growth and yield functions were developed for tree survival, dominant height and basal area. They accurately predicted outcomes as demonstrated by the goodness of fit and their logical behaviour tested over the range of planting densities.
When the most extreme stand density treatments, 6809 and 275 trees per hectare (TPH) were evaluated for wood and fibre properties, the larger trees grown at 275 TPH, produced wood of better quality for pulp processing; basic wood density at 0.520 g cm–3 (21 % higher), fibre cell wall thickness at 2.10 μm (18.6 % thicker) and fibre lumen diameter at 8.16 μm (9.9 % lower) than for 6809 TPH. Intra-specific tree variability of wood and product properties increased from diameter at breast height (DBH) to 35 % and then decreased to 65 % of tree height. The effect of planting density was carried throughout the product value chain up to the paper manufacturing phase. Paper with higher bulk mass and thickness and more porous sheets is most likely to be made from lower planting densities (801 and 275 TPH), and stronger, smoother and denser paper is most likely to be made with trees at high planting densities (6809 or 2336 TPH). From the growth and yield and materials investigation, technical indicators identified to populate a fibre productivity index were: i) mean annual increment (MAI) as a forestry growth indicator, ii) wood density, summarising the composition of wood and, iii) pulp yield, the indicator of the amount of fibre processed through a chemical cooking process. Delivered cost of timber to the mill, was identified as the most suitable economic indicator which included fixed costs elements, variable costs and aspects of mill efficiency. The product of the technical and economic indicators concluded in a profit/loss scenario of producing 1 ton of pulp was deemed the best index to describe the entire and integrated value chain. This index, termed the Fibre Productivity Index (FPI) at the Mill, denoted as FPMill, is an integrated index that is easy to interpret in the realms of a forestry - pulp manufacturing, and can be used for differential pricing of timber for wood quality.<br>AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: 'n Primêre rede vir die bestaan van die bosbouindustrie is om ‘n hernubare, natuurlike hulpbron vir hout en vesel te voorsien. Aansienlike verbeterings in bestuurspraktyke is nodig om die houtvolume en pulpopbrengste vir die toename in aanvraag te verhoog. Eucalyptus grandis klonale bome met ‘n ouderdom van 6.75 jaar en wat in 'n Nelder 1a spasiëring eksperiment gegroei is, is versamel en ontleed om die effek van opstandsdigtheid te beskryf op a) groei en opbrengs, b) houteienskappe en c) pulp- en papiergehalte. Die hoofdoel was om 'n veselproduktiwiteitsindeks (FPI), wat geskik sou wees in terme van tegniese en ekonomiese perspektiewe, te ontwikkel.
'n Materiaalkundigestudie is op hout uitgevoer. Twee metodes is ontwikkel om die variasie in hout as natuurlike hulpbron te beskryf deur a) vroeëhout- en laathoutdigtheidspieke deur gammastraal-densitometrie van mekaar te skei en variasie in groeiringe te beskryf en b) daarstelling van naby-infrarooispektroskopiese (NIR) voorspellingsmodelle. Die resultate het aangedui dat aanplantingsdigtheid nie ‘n invloed het op die variasie van houtdigtheid nie, maar dat meganismes wat beskikbare grondwater bepaal, belangrik is. NIR-voorspellingsmodelle is ontwikkel om houteienskappe op 'n nie-destruktiewe manier betroubaar te kan evalueer. Die validasiemodelle vir houtdigtheid, pulpopbrengs, kappanommer en onoplosbare lignien, openbaar akkurate voorspellingsvermoë. Wanneer dit toegepas word om chemiese eienskappe van 'n onafhanklike datastel te voorspel, was die resultate akkuraat in vergelyking met gemete data. Groei- en opbrengsfunksies is ontwikkel vir mortaliteit, dominante boomhoogte en basale area. Akkurate voorspellingsuitkomste is verkry soos gedemonstreer deur die logiese gedrag wat getoets is vir alle plantdigthede.
Toe die mees ekstreme opstansdigtheidbehandelings vir hul hout- en veseleienskappe geëvalueer is, was die hout van die groter bome, teen 275 stamme per hektaar (SPH), van beter gehalte. Dit was veral prominent vir houtdigtheid van 0.520 g cm-3 (21 % hoër), veselselwanddikte van 2.10 μm (18.6 % dikker) en vesellumendeursnit van 8.16 μm (9.9 % laer) as by die hoër (6809) SPH. Intra-spesifieke boomvariasie van hout- en produkeienskappe het toegeneem van deursnee op borshoogte (DBH) tot 35 % en dan weer afgeneem tot 65 % van die boomhoogte. Die effek van plantdigtheid is regdeur die produkwaardeketting tot by die papiervervaardigingstadium sigbaar. Papier met hoër basismassa en dikte, en meer poreuse papiervelle kan meer waarskynlik van laer aanplantdigtheid (801 en 275 TPH) bome gemaak kan word. Papier wat sterker, gladder en digter is, kan waarskynlik gemaak word van hout van bome teen hoë aanplantdigthede (6809 of 2336 SPH).
Die veselproduktiwiteitindeks wat ontwikkel is uit die materiaalondersoek en tegniese aanwysers wat geïdentifiseer is sluit in i) gemiddelde jaarlikse aanwas, as 'n bosbou groei-indikator, ii) houtdigtheid, wat ‘n opsomming van die samestelling van hout is, en iii) pulpopbrengs; die aanduiding van die hoeveelheid vesel verwerk deur 'n chemiese verpulpingsproses. Gelewerde koste van hout by die pulpmeul is geïdentifiseer as die mees geskikte ekonomiese aanwyser wat vaste kosteelemente, veranderlike koste en aspekte van die meul se doeltreffendheid insluit.
Die produk van die tegniese en ekonomiese aanwysers is saamgevat in 'n wins / verlies opsie vir die vervaardiging van 1 ton pulp, en is beskou as die mees geskikte indeks om die geïntegreerde waardeketting te beskryf. Dié indeks, die sogenaamde Vesel Produktiwiteitsindeks (VPI) by die Pulpmeul, aangedui as VPMeul, is 'n geïntegreerde indeks wat maklik is om te interpreteer in 'n bosbou - pulpvervaardigingsopset, en kan gebruik word in die differensiële prysbepaling van hout waarby die kwaliteit in ag geneem word.
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Grimm, Christian. "Charge particulaire fluviale : effet sur productivité primaire et implications sur le cycle global du carbone organique." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017TOU30322/document.
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L'apport de matière particulaire fluviale (MPF) aux eaux naturelles joue un rôle essentiel dans le cycle global des éléments et influence le cycle du carbone organique (Corg) de deux façons: 1°, les MPF comprennent une source importante d'éléments nutritifs qui peuvent augmenter la production primaire dans les océans. Par exemple, le flux global de MPF de nutriments tels que Si, P et Fe dépasse son flux dissous par des facteurs de 50, 100 et 350. 2°, l'apport de MPF des continents aux océans est un contrôle majeur de la séquestration du Corg, un processus essentiel dans la réduction du CO2 à long terme par le cycle de Corg. Pour explorer le lien entre l'apport de MPF et la production primaire dans les eaux naturelles, une série d'expériences de croissance a été réalisée impliquant deux producteurs primaires abondants: la cyanobactérie d'eau douce Synechococcus sp. (SYN), et la diatomée marine Thalassiosira weissflogii (TW). Des expériences ont été réalisées en présence et en l'absence de différentes MPF et à différents niveaux nutritifs initiaux. Les résultats démontrent que les MPF augmentent nettement la croissance de la biomasse en fonction de la concentration du MPF. Dans les expériences menées avec la cyanobactérie SYN, la présence de MPF a 1) déclenché une croissance bactérienne dans des conditions pourtant défavorables, 2) augmenté la concentration totale de biomasse et 3) déclenché une croissance bactérienne même après la consommation des nutriments initiaux. L'effet positif des MPF sur la croissance de la diatomée marine TW a été le plus évident pour les expériences n'impliquant pas de nutriments, où les diatomées se sont multipliées linéairement en présence de MPF alors que ces cultures sont mortes en absence des MPF. De plus, des études MEB ont montré un contact physique direct entre les microbes ou les substances organiques excrétées par les microbes et les MPF. Conformément aux travaux issus de la littérature, nous suggérons que les microbes peuvent acquérir des nutriments directement à partir des minéraux, ce qui augmenterait le potentiel des MPF en tant que source de nutriments. Le contact direct suggère aussi une augmentation de l'efficacité de piégeage du Corg par l'augmentation 1) du contenu de Corg absorbé sur les surfaces minérales, 2) de l'agglomération des particules organiques et inorganiques et donc la formation de neige marine ou 3) des vitesses de chute de Corg par "mineral ballasting". La fixation directe des microbes sur les surfaces minérales a également été observée dans les échantillons naturels obtenus au cours d'une étude de terrain sur la côte sud islandaise. Dans l'ensemble, cette étude fournit des preuves expérimentales de l'importance des MPF dans le cycle de Corg grâce à son impact sur la production primaire. En outre, ces travaux rassemblent des preuves que les MPF peuvent faciliter l'inhumation de Corg grâce à la fixation de microbes sur les surfaces ou à la formation des agglomérats minéraux- microbes qui chutent rapidement dans la colonne d´eau. Des études complémentaires ont été effectuées pour évaluer la qualité des compositions isotopiques du carbone, afin de préserver les estimations des taux de séquestration du Corg à travers une période géologique donnée. Les variations du degré de production primaire et du piégeage du Corg au cours des temps géologiques sont conservées dans la signature isotopique du C des carbonates. L'utilisation de ces signatures pour reconstruire les conditions environnementales passées exige cependant que ces signatures soient conservées pour des vastes échelles de temps. Les résultats expérimentaux démontrent que la composition isotopique du C de la calcite évolue continuellement vers l'équilibre isotopique entre les fluides et les minéraux. Cette observation suggère que les compositions isotopiques de C dans la calcite pourraient changer notablement si la calcite était constamment dans un déséquilibre isotopique avec son fluide coexistant<br>The supply of riverine particulate material (RPM) to natural waters plays a vital role in the global cycle of the elements and is considered to influence the organic carbon cycle in two ways. First, RPM comprise a vast source of nutrients which can increase primary production in the oceans. For example, the global RPM flux of nutrients such as Si, P and Fe exceeds its corresponding dissolved flux by factors of 50, 100 and 350. Second, the supply of RPM to the oceans is a major control of organic matter (Corg) burial, an essential process in the long term CO2 drawdown via the organic pathway. To explore the link between RPM supply and primary production in natural waters, a series of microcosm growth experiments was performed with two common primary producing microbes, the freshwater cyanobacteria Synechococcus sp. and the marine diatom Thalassiosira weissflogii. Experiments were performed in the presence and absence of different RPM at different initial nutrient levels. Results demonstrate that RPM significantly increase bacterial biomass growth as a function of RPM concentration. Notably, in experiments conducted with the freshwater cyanobacteria Synechococcus sp., the presence of RPM 1) triggered bacterial growth in otherwise unfavorable conditions, 2) increased total biomass concentration, and 3) induced steady bacterial growth even after consumption of the initial nutrients. The positive effect of RPM on the growth of the marine diatom Thalassiosira weissflogii was most obvious in nutrient free experiments where cultures grew linearly with time in the presence of RPM, whereas these cultures died in RPM free controls. Furthermore, SEM investigations showed direct physical contact between microbes or microbially excreted organic substances and the particulates. In accord with reports in the literature, we suggest that microbes may acquire nutrients directly from the rock, which would again enhance the potential of RPM as source of limiting nutrients. The direct physical contact also suggests an increase in the burial efficiency of Corg through either 1) increasing Corg content absorbed on mineral surfaces, 2) increasing agglomeration and marine snow formation of organic and inorganic particles or 3) increasing organic matter settling velocities through mineral ballasting. The direct attachment of microbes on mineral surfaces was also observed in natural samples obtained from a field study at the Icelandic South coast. The positive effect of RPM on microbial growth and its effect on Corg burial are complimentary. Agglomeration is a function of suspended particle concentration, organic or inorganic. An elevated biomass concentration induced by the presence of RPM results in a high total suspended matter concentration, thus increasing the particle agglomeration rate. Taken together, this study provides experimental evidence for the importance of RPM in the organic C-cycle through its positive impact on primary production. Furthermore, it compiles evidence that particulates may facilitate organic matter burial through direct attachment of microbes on sediment surfaces or the formation of fast settling mineral/microbe agglomerations. Complimentary studies were performed to assess the quality of carbon isotope compositions to preserve estimates of Corg burial rates over geological time. Variations in the degree of primary production and Corg burial during Earths' history are recorded in the C-isotopic signature of marine carbonates. The use of carbon isotopic signatures in carbonates to reconstruct past environmental conditions, however, requires that these signatures are preserved over vast timescales. Experimental results demonstrate, that the carbon isotopic composition of calcite continuously evolves towards mineral-fluid isotopic equilibrium. This observation suggests that calcite C-isotopic compositions might change noticeably if the calcite were continuously in isotopic disequilibria with its co-existing fluid
Books on the topic "Material productivity"
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Talmon-Gros, Larissa. Development Patterns of Material Productivity. Springer International Publishing, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-02538-4.
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Fulton, Craig Alan. Pipe Manipulator: Productivity in a material yard environment. Available from the National Technical Information Service, 1992.
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Ji yu wu zhi liu fen xi de Zhongguo zi yuan sheng chan lü yan jiu: The resource productivity of China : a study on the basis of material flow analysis. Zhongguo jing ji chu ban she, 2009.
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Obrŭshtenieto na obshtestvenii͡a︡ produkt v NR Bŭlgarii͡a︡: Statistiko-ikonomicheski eti͡u︡d. Nauka i izkustvo, 1987.
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Oulton, Nicholas. Did raw material price rises cause the productivity slowdown?: Evidence from the US and the UK. National Institute of Economic and Social Research, 1991.
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Office, General Accounting. Contract pricing: Material prices overstated on tank thermal sights : report to the Commander, U.S. Army Materiel Command. The Office, 1988.
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Din, Ahmad Kushairi, and Lembaga Minyak Sawit Malaysia, eds. Towards increasing the annual national productivity by one tonne FFB/ha/year: Proceedings of the Clonal and Quality Replanting Material Workshop : 10 August 2006, Palace of the Golden Horses, Seri Kembangan, Selangor. Malaysian Palm Oil Board, 2007.
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Office, General Accounting. Contract pricing: Material prices overstated in Pershing II contract : report to the Secretary of the Army. The Office, 1987.
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E, Okpalefe C., ed. 20 years of raw materials development. Raw Materials Research and Development Council, 2008.
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Strokin, I. I. Intensifikat͡s︡ii͡a︡ proizvodstva v promyshlennosti stroitelʹnykh materialov. Stroĭizdat, 1989.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Material productivity"
1
Talmon-Gros, Larissa. "Material Productivity Measurement." In Contributions to Economics. Springer International Publishing, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-02538-4_5.
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Talmon-Gros, Larissa. "Examination of Material Productivity Convergence." In Contributions to Economics. Springer International Publishing, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-02538-4_9.
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Talmon-Gros, Larissa. "Empirical Evidence on the Development of Material Consumption and Material Productivity." In Contributions to Economics. Springer International Publishing, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-02538-4_6.
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De Bandt, Jacques. "Indirect Productivity of Business Services, Through Non-Material Investments." In The Service Sector: Productivity and Growth. Physica-Verlag HD, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-49999-9_6.
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Lorenz, Ullrich. "Systemic analysis of the nexus of greenhouse gas emissions and material use in the energy sector." In Sustainable Development and Resource Productivity. Routledge, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003000365-11.
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Korpal, T., B. Lazar, and J. Erez. "Fluxes of Material and Energy between Coral Reefs and the Open Sea." In Primary Productivity and Biogeochemical Cycles in the Sea. Springer US, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-0762-2_48.
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Arakawa, Hisayuki, Tadashi Tokai, Yoshinori Miyamoto, et al. "Distribution of Radioactive Material in Marine Ecosystems Off the Fukushima Coast: Radioactive Cesium Levels in Fukushima Marine Organisms." In Marine Productivity: Perturbations and Resilience of Socio-ecosystems. Springer International Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-13878-7_8.
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Nhan, Nguyen Ngọc, Nguyen Chi Thong, Nguyen Hoang Thien, and Le Hong Ky. "Optimization of Grinding Technology Parameters to Surface Roughness and Material Extracting Productivity of Turbine Shaft Parts." In Advances in Engineering Research and Application. Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-92574-1_74.
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Thakur, Amrit Kumar, Prashant Khandelwal, and Bhushan Sharma. "Productivity Comparison of Solar Still with Nano Fluid and Phase Changing Material with Same Depth of Water." In Springer Proceedings in Energy. Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-63085-4_17.
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Kartikasari, Cynthia Yohanna, and Suyanto Suyanto. "Potential Spillover from Foreign Companies." In Proceedings of the 19th International Symposium on Management (INSYMA 2022). Atlantis Press International BV, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/978-94-6463-008-4_37.
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AbstractThe textile industry in Indonesia is fascinating to study due to its essential role in the Indonesian economy and as a strategic sector for employment. While imported items continue to dominate raw material supply in this sector, Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) inflows will bring about externality effects on a firm’s efficiency. This current study examines the spillover effect of Foreign Direct Investment on firms’ technical efficiency in Indonesia’s convection industry (ISIC 14111). The study used Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) models to calculate technical efficiency scores for each firm in the convection sector from 2010 to 2013. Changes in productivity levels are projected to occur due to technical efficiency changes. The findings indicate that Foreign Direct Investment can positively affect changes in technical efficiency through capital-labor ratio, foreign ownership, and imported material.
Conference papers on the topic "Material productivity"
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Callies, Gert, Henrik Schittenhelm, Peter Berger, Friedrich Dausinger, and Helmut Huegel. "Time-resolved diagnostics of energy coupling during material processing with excimer lasers." In Optics for Productivity in Manufacturing, edited by Rolf-Juergen Ahlers, Peter Hoffmann, Hermann Lindl, and Ruediger Rothe. SPIE, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.193111.
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Neubauer, Norbert, and Peter Hoffmann. "Enlarged productivity in laser material processing by the use of adaptive optics." In Optics for Productivity in Manufacturing, edited by Rolf-Juergen Ahlers, Peter Hoffmann, Hermann Lindl, and Ruediger Rothe. SPIE, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.193119.
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Stauter, C., Joel Fontaine, Thierry Engel, and Alain P. Biernaux. "Optical and acoustical monitoring of material processing with Q-switched Nd:YAG and excimer laser radiation." In Optics for Productivity in Manufacturing, edited by Rolf-Juergen Ahlers, Peter Hoffmann, Hermann Lindl, and Ruediger Rothe. SPIE, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.193116.
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Xu, Zhiyue, Bennett M. Richard, and Matthew D. Solfronk. "Nanostructured Material Based Completion Tools Enhance Well Productivity." In International Petroleum Technology Conference. International Petroleum Technology Conference, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.2523/iptc-16538-ms.
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Blanc, Daniele, Alain Cachard, and Jean C. Pommier. "Nondestructive evaluation of material structure by second harmonic generation." In Lasers, Optics, and Vision for Productivity in Manufacturing I, edited by Christophe Gorecki. SPIE, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.250809.
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Tiwari, Amit Kumar, Gopal Nandan, Sanjeev Kumar Sharma, Ramakant Shrivastava, Ashok Kumar Singh, and Satish Kumar. "Productivity Enhancement of Solar Still Using Phase Change Material." In 2021 4th International Conference on Recent Developments in Control, Automation & Power Engineering (RDCAPE). IEEE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/rdcape52977.2021.9633769.
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Reguly, Istvan Z. "Performance Portability of Multi-Material Kernels." In 2019 IEEE/ACM International Workshop on Performance, Portability and Productivity in HPC (P3HPC). IEEE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/p3hpc49587.2019.00008.
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Balaji, M., K. R. Pavin Kumar, K. Kanimozhi, and V. Manivel Muralidaran. "Exhibiting MCDM in material processing of tea for sustainable productivity." In THE 8TH ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL SEMINAR ON TRENDS IN SCIENCE AND SCIENCE EDUCATION (AISTSSE) 2021. AIP Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0108068.
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Schmitz, Bernhard, Jurgen Geerkens, and Gert Goch. "Photothermal inspection of material changes in ceramic surfaces induced by mechanical load or laser treatment." In Lasers, Optics, and Vision for Productivity in Manufacturing I, edited by Christophe Gorecki. SPIE, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.250735.
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Wu, Xiaotao, and Liping Wu. "Multi-level grey evaluation on choosing emergency material productivity reserve enterprises." In 2011 2nd IEEE International Conference on Emergency Management and Management Sciences (ICEMMS). IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icemms.2011.6015660.
Full textReports on the topic "Material productivity"
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Babenko, Vitalina O., Roman M. Yatsenko, Pavel D. Migunov, and Abdel-Badeeh M. Salem. MarkHub Cloud Online Editor as a modern web-based book creation tool. [б. в.], 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.31812/123456789/3858.
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The main criterion for the competitiveness of a teacher or expert in the field of science is a good ability to present their knowledge to students in an interactive form without spending a lot of time in preparation. The purpose of the study is to analyze modern editors to create educational information content in the modern educational space and to present a modern tool for creating web books based on the latest IT technologies. Modern editors of web material creation have been analyzed, statistics of situations on mastering of knowledge by listeners, using interactive methods of information submission have been investigated. Using the WYSIWYG concept and analyzing modern information tools for presenting graphic material, an effective tool for teaching interactive web material was presented. An adapted version of the MarkHub online editor based on cloud technologies is presented. Using MarkHub cloud-based online editor for the unified development of educational content can significantly increase the author’s productivity in the content creation process. At the same time, the effects of reducing the time spent on formatting the external presentation of the content, making synchronous changes to different versions of the content, tracking the versions of the content, organizing remote teamwork in the network environment are achieved.
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Finkelstain, Israel, Steven Buccola, and Ziv Bar-Shira. Pooling and Pricing Schemes for Marketing Agricultural Products. United States Department of Agriculture, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/1993.7568099.bard.
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In recent years there has been a growing concern over the performance of Israel and U.S. agricultural marketing organizations. In Israel, poor performance of some marketing institutions has led to radical reforms. Examples are the two leading export industries - citrus and flowers. In the U.S., growth of local market power is eliminating competitive row product prices which served as the basis for farmer cooperative payment plans. This research studies, theoretically, several aspects of the above problem and develops empirical methods to assess their relative importance. The theoretical part deals with two related aspects of the operation of processing and marketing firms. The first is the technological structure of these firms. To this end, we formalize a detailed theory that describes the production process itself and the firm's decision. The model accounts for multiple products and product characteristics. The usefulness of the theory for measurement of productivity and pricing of raw material is demonstrated. The second aspect of the processing and marketing firm that we study is unique to the agricultural sector, where many such firms are cooperatives. In such cooperative an efficient and fair mechanism for purchasing raw materials from members is crucial to successful performances of the firm. We focus on: 1) pricing of raw materials. 2) comparison of employment of quota and price regimes by the cooperative to regulate the quantities, supplied by members. We take into consideration that the cooperative management is subject to pressure from member farmers. 3) Tier pricing for raw materials in order to ensure efficiency and zero profits at the cooperative level. This problem is examined in both closed and open cooperatives. The empirical part focuses in: 1) the development of methodologies for estimating demand for differentiated products; 2) assessing farmers response to component pricing; 3) measurement of potential and actual exploitation of market power by an agricultural marketing firm. The usefulness of the developed methodologies are demonstrated by several application to agricultural sub-sectors, including: U.S. dairy industry, Oregon wine industry, Israeli Cotton industry and Israeli Citrus industry.
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Lampo, Richard G., and Thomas J. Nosker. Construction Productivity Advancement Research (CPAR) Program: Development and Testing of Plastic Lumber Materials for Construction Applications. Defense Technical Information Center, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada328449.
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Blum, Abraham, and Henry T. Nguyen. Molecular Tagging of Drought Resistance in Wheat: Osmotic Adjustment and Plant Productivity. United States Department of Agriculture, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2002.7580672.bard.
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Drought stress is a major limitation to bread wheat (Triticumaestivum L.) productivity and its yield stability in arid and semi-arid regions of world including parts of Israel and the U.S. Currently, breeding for sustained yields under drought stress is totally dependent on the use of yield and several key physiological attributes as selection indices. The attempt to identify the optimal genotype by evaluating the phenotype is undermining progress in such breeding programs. Osmotic adjustment (OA) is an effective drought resistance mechanism in many crop plants. Evidence exists that there is a genetic variation for OA in wheat and that high OA capacity supports wheat yields under drought stress. The major objective of this research was to identify molecular markers (RFLPs, restriction fragment length polymorphisms; and AFLPs, amplified fragment length polymorph isms) linked to OA as a major attribute of drought resistance in wheat and thus to facilitate marker-assisted selection for drought resistance. We identified high and low OA lines of wheat and from their cross developed recombinant inbred lines (RILs) used in the molecular tagging of OA in relation to drought resistance in terms of plant production under stress. The significant positive co-segregation of OA, plant water status and yield under stress in this RIL population provided strong support for the important role of OA as a drought resistance mechanism sustaining wheat production under drought stress. This evidence was obtained in addition to the initial study of parental materials for constructing this RIL population, which also gave evidence for a strong correlation between OA and grain yield under stress. This research therefore provides conclusive evidence on the important role of OA in sustaining wheat yield under drought stress. The measurement of OA is difficult and the selection for drought resistance by the phenotypic expression of OA is practically impossible. This research provided information on the genetic basis of OA in wheat in relations to yield under stress. It provided the basic information to indicate that molecular marker assisted selection for OA in wheat is possible. The RIL population has been created by a cross between two agronomic spring wheat lines and the high OA recombinants in this population presented very high OA values, not commonly observed in wheat. These recombinants are therefore an immediate valuable genetic recourse for breeding well-adapted drought resistant wheat in Texas and Israel. We feel that this work taken as a whole eliminate the few previous speculated . doubts about the practical role of OA as an important mechanism of drought resistance in economic crop plants. As such it should open the way, in terms of both concept and the use of marker assisted selection, for improving drought resistance in wheat by deploying high osmotic adjustment.
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Elikan, L. Feed Materials Production Center. Final phase-in report volume 12 of 15, productivity retention program, October 25, 1985--December 31, 1985. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/624032.
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Bailey, Jed, Paola Carvajal, Javier García Fernández, Christiaan Gischler, Carlos Henriquez, and Livia Minoja. Building a More Resilient and Low-Carbon Caribbean - Report 2: Analysis of the Benefits from Resilient Building Materials and Construction Methods in the Caribbean. Inter-American Development Bank, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0003855.
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The Caribbean islands are among the 25 most-vulnerable nations in terms of disasters per-capita or land area, and climate change is only expected to intensify these vulnerabilities. The loss caused by climate events drags the ability of the Caribbean countries to invest in infrastructure and social programs, contributing to slower productivity growth, poorer health outcomes, and lower standards of living. Within this context, building resiliency should become a priority for the Caribbean countries. The series “Building a more resilient and low-carbon Caribbean”, focuses on improving the resiliency, sustainability and decarbonization of the construction industry in the Caribbean.
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Mbabzi, Kikundwa Emma. Standardisation of Staff Training to Increase Efficiency. Purdue University, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5703/1288284317427.
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In any industry or organization, personnel training is emphasized with reference to National Regulatory Authorities (NRAs) guidelines and other globally accepted guidelines. In spite of many refresher training programs, the pharmaceutical industry still faces significant variations in individual/ team efficiency and productivity. Individuals/teams given the same task, SOPs, environment and materials continue to produce significantly different results reflecting the possibility of operating on different sets of theoretical and practical information, which may stem from differing trainer, training program or training method. This study focused on using a standardized manual for training two teams A and B involved in vaccine production, as a tool to increase employee efficiency, productivity and quality, at a Livestock vaccine manufacturing company, with an objective to shorten the supply chain of vaccines (starting with Newcastle disease vaccine I-2 strain) to improve product quality, availability and affordability up to rural household level and back yard farmers. Baseline data was collected from four pre-training production batches and compared with data collected from three post-training production batches. The results showed that a tailored standardized training was effective in achieving the same level of efficiency, regardless of how late or soon the member joined the facility, and who conducted the training. The process of training staff, using a company tailored standardized manual, was shown to be successful within this company’s set up and could potentially be applied to other industries that are struggling with implementation of uniform information to their staff.
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Bailey, Jed, Paola Carvajal, Javier García Fernández, Christiaan Gischler, Carlos Henriquez, and Livia Minoja. Building a more Resilient and Low-Carbon Caribbean - Report 1: Climate Resiliency and Building Materials in the Caribbean. Inter-American Development Bank, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0003842.
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The Caribbean islands are among the 25 most-vulnerable nations in terms of disasters per-capita or land area, and climate change is only expected to intensify these vulnerabilities. The loss caused by climate events drags the ability of the Caribbean countries to invest in infrastructure and social programs, contributing to slower productivity growth, poorer health outcomes, and lower standards of living. Within this context, building resiliency should become a priority for the Caribbean countries. The series “Building a more resilient and low-carbon Caribbean”, focuses on improving the resiliency, sustainability and decarbonization of the construction industry in the Caribbean. The results show that increasing building resiliency is economically viable for the high-risk islands of the Caribbean, generating long term savings and increasing the infrastructure preparedness to the impacts of CC. Report 1 - Climate Resiliency and Building Materials in the Caribbean, presents a quantification of the economic losses caused by climate impact events in the Caribbean Region and correlate these figures with the most common construction materials, typically used in each of the countries building typologies. The losses caused by hurricanes concentrate mostly in the residential infrastructure and are mainly caused by weaknesses in roofs and their connection to the walls. The analysis suggests that improving the resiliency of outer walls and roofs in the Caribbean could significantly reduce the regions vulnerability to hurricanes and other climate impacts.
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Mukungu, Andrew, Zita Ekeocha, Stephen Robert Byrn, and Kari L. Clase. Evaluating and Understanding the Reason for an Increase in Nonconformances in the Laboratory. Purdue University, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5703/1288284317430.
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This is a study of nonconformances experienced by a laboratory of a pharmaceutical manufacturing facility in East Africa. There has been an increase in nonconformances from 216 nonconformances in 2017 to 229 in 2018 and by September 2019, 306 nonconformances were already logged. Increasing nonconformances result in delayed release of tested materials and many resources are wasted (e.g. chemicals, man hours and equipment). Analysts become frustrated, which may result in inexhaustive investigations. Understanding the reason for the increase in nonconformances will enable the facility to derive effective solutions to the identified causes, hence reducing the number of nonconformances and improving the productivity and morale of employees. This quantitative, nonexperimental, longitudinal survey study was intended to evaluate and understand the reason for increasing nonconformances. Trends of the nonconformances, previous investigations, procedure for investigation and the training given to analysts have been reviewed. Laboratory incidences were the most recurring nonconformances; and these were mainly caused by analyst errors. Corrective and Preventive Actions (CAPAs) were derived by cross functional teams whenever root causes were identified. Procedure for investigation of nonconformances refers to investigative tools. Identification of root causes to nonconformances recently became mandatory. Analysts have limited advanced industrial training on investigation of nonconformances. Another study should be carried out to understand the cause of analyst errors. The study can be rolled out to other departments at the manufacturing facility to create similar improvements. Analysts should enroll into advanced courses of industrial pharmacy to gain advanced industrial skills which they can apply in investigations to find root causes to nonconformances.
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Schat, Karel Antoni, Irit Davidson, and Dan Heller. Chicken infectious anemia virus: immunosuppression, transmission and impact on other diseases. United States Department of Agriculture, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2008.7695591.bard.
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1. Original Objectives. The original broad objectives of the grant were to determine A) the impact of CAV on the generation of cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) to reticuloendotheliosis virus (REV) (CU), B). the interactions between chicken anemia virus (CAV) and Marek’s disease virus (MDV) with an emphasis on horizontal spread of CAV through feathers (KVI), and C) the impact of CAV infection on Salmonella typhimurium (STM) (HUJI). During the third year and the one year no cost extension the CU group included some work on the development of an antigen-antibody complex vaccine for CAV, which was partially funded by the US Poultry and Egg Association. 2. Background to the topic. CAV is a major pathogen causing clinical disease if maternal antibody-free chickens are infected vertically or horizontally between 1 and 14 days of age. Infection after 3 weeks of age when maternal antibodies are not longer present can cause severe subclinical immunosuppression affecting CTL and cytokine expression. The subclinical immunosuppression can aggravate many diseases including Marek’s disease (MD) and several bacterial infections. 3. Major conclusions and achievements. The overall project contributed in the following ways to the knowledge about CAV infection in poultry. As expected CAV infections occur frequently in Israel causing problems to the industry. To control subclinical infections vaccination may be needed and our work indicates that the development of an antigen-antibody complex vaccine is feasible. It was previously known that CAV can spread vertically and horizontally, but the exact routes of the latter had not been confirmed. Our results clearly show that CAV can be shed into the environment through feathers. A potential interaction between CAV and MD virus (MDV) in the feathers was noted which may interfere with MDV replication. It was also learned that inoculation of 7-day-old embryos causes growth retardation and lesions. The potential of CAV to cause immunosuppression was further examined using CTL responses to REV. CTL were obtained from chickens between 36 and 44 days of age with REV and CAV given at different time points. In contrast to our earlier studies, in these experiments we were unable to detect a direct impact of CAV on REV-specific CTL, perhaps because the CTL were obtained from older birds. Inoculation of CAV at one day of age decreased the IgG antibody responses to inactivated STM administered at 10 days of age. 4. Scientific and Agricultural Implications The impact of the research was especially important for the poultry industry in Israel. The producers have been educated on the importance of the disease through the many presentations. It is now well known to the stakeholders that CAV can aggravate other diseases, decrease productivity and profitability. As a consequence they monitor the antibody status of the breeders so that the maternal antibody status of the broilers is known. Also vaccination of breeder flock that remain antibody negative may become feasible further reducing the negative impact of CAV infection. Vaccination may become more important because improved biosecurity of the breeder flocks to prevent avian influenza and Salmonella may delay the onset of seroconversion for CAV by natural exposure resulting in CAV susceptible broilers lacking maternal antibodies. Scientifically, the research added important information on the horizontal spread of CAV through feathers, the interactions with Salmonella typhimurium and the demonstration that antigen-antibody complex vaccines may provide protective immunity.