Relevant bibliographies by topics / Materials - Ductility

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Materials - Ductility'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 6 September 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Materials - Ductility"

1

Koch, C. C., D. G. Morris, K. Lu, and A. Inoue. "Ductility of Nanostructured Materials." MRS Bulletin 24, no. 2 (February 1999): 54–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/s0883769400051551.

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Ductility is defined as the ability of a material to change shape without fracture. It is of critical importance for engineering materials for both manufacturability and Performance. Measures of ductility include percent elongation (uniform plastic flow prior to mechanical instability—necking—or fracture) and percent reduction in area. Fracture toughness is also some measure of potential ductility. Engineering materials exhibit wide variations in ductility which can often limit their application.Ductility is a property of nanocrystalline materials which might be predicted to be enhanced by extrapolation of its grain-size dependence in conventional polycrystalline materials. It has been predicted that extrapolation of the grain size, or the scale of the microstructure, to the nanoscale will lead to both strengthening and an increase in ductility. As far as failure and ductility are concerned, this idea is based on experience with conventional materials, where the yield and fracture stress show different dependencies on the grain size. The fracture stress typically increases faster than the yield stress with decreasing grain size such that ductile/brittle transitions can occur. For example, the ductile / brittle transition temperature in mild steel can be lowered about 40°C by reducing the grain size by a factor of five. In terms of how ductility may be affected by the extreme grainsize reduction to the nanoscale, we consider the following. Firstly, it may be recalled that obtaining ductility relies simply on plastic deformation occurring without the catastrophic onset of failure mechanisms, and therefore we can examine possibilities of changing ductility in terms of avoiding failure.
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Thomson, Robb, and A. E. Carlsson. "Intrinsic ductility criterion for materials." Philosophical Magazine A 70, no. 5 (November 1994): 893–903. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01418619408242937.

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Koch, Carl C., and T. R. Malow. "The Ductility Problem in Nanocrystalline Materials." Materials Science Forum 312-314 (July 1999): 565–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.312-314.565.

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Koch, Carl C., and T. R. Malow. "The Ductility Problem in Nanocrystalline Materials." Journal of Metastable and Nanocrystalline Materials 2-6 (July 1999): 565–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/jmnm.2-6.565.

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Holdsworth, Stuart. "Creep-rupture ductility of engineering materials." Materials at High Temperatures 34, no. 2 (January 12, 2017): 97–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09603409.2016.1271759.

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Straffelini, Giovanni. "Ductility of materials with ferritic matrix." Materials Science and Engineering: A 342, no. 1-2 (February 2003): 251–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0921-5093(02)00308-8.

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Fatkin, D. G. P., C. B. Scruby, and G. A. D. Briggs. "Acoustic microscopy of low-ductility materials." Journal of Materials Science 24, no. 1 (January 1989): 23–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00660928.

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DeBotton, G., and P. Ponte Castañeda. "On the ductility of laminated materials." International Journal of Solids and Structures 29, no. 19 (1992): 2329–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0020-7683(92)90219-j.

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Ruano, Oscar A., Fernando Carreño, and Manuel Carsí. "Ductility and Stability in Metallic Materials." Materials Science Forum 941 (December 2018): 2319–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.941.2319.

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Ductility is the property of a given material to deform without fracture. In other words, is the capacity to maintain a structural stability under stresses. It is an important property that is difficult to predict since many microstructural and experimental factors play a role. A review of the most important approaches on ductility is given in this work with special emphasis in the high temperature deformation and the deformation mechanisms. The stability of materials is also analyzed and new concepts on the conditions for hot working are included. Stability maps are analyzed and conclusions on the various stability criteria are given on the base of magnesium alloys.
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Jung, I. Y. "Prediction of tensile ductility in porous materials." Philosophical Magazine A 82, no. 11 (July 2002): 2263–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01418610208235737.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Materials - Ductility"

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Wolff, Ira M. "Ductility in high chromium super-ferritic alloys." Doctoral thesis, University of Cape Town, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/22200.

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Includes reprints of author's related articles.
Bibliography: pages 187-201.
The competition between microfracture and plastic flow has been studied in relation to the thermomechanical processing parameters and minor element chemistry of wrought super-ferritic alloys based on a composition of Fe-40wt% Cr. These alloys have been developed for corrosion-resistant applications, specifically by micro-alloying with platinum group metals to induce cathodic modification, but their use has been hampered by inadequate toughness at ambient temperatures. Brittle cleavage of the alloys is a consequence of the high resistance to plastic flow required to accommodate local stresses, such as those found ahead of a loaded crack. Once initiated, a crack propagates in a brittle manner with minimal ductility. The impact toughness therefore relies on the ability of the alloys to withstand crack initiation. The frequency of the crack initiation events is related to the distribution of secondary phases within the matrix and at the grain boundaries. A direct means of improving the toughness and the ductility is accordingly via annealing cycles and minor alloying additions to control the precipitation of second phases. The ductility is enhanced by raising the mobile dislocation density, and this may be achieved by pre-straining recrystallised material, or increasing the number of dislocation sources in the otherwise source-poor material. The generation of mobile dislocations by prismatic punching at second phase particles in response to local or tessellated stresses was found to increase the ductility and the impact toughness of the alloy. The addition of nickel also increases the brittle fracture resistance by promoting stress accommodation at the crack tip, a result which can, in principle, be explained on the basis of enhanced dislocation dynamics. The tendency of the alloys to form a stable recovered substructure was identified as a critical parameter for both the mechanical and corrosion properties. The low-angle dislocation sub-arrays contribute to overall strain-hardening, but destabilise the passivity of the alloys in acid media. In practice, rationalisation of the microstructural parameters has enabled the practicable fabrication of tough, corrosion-resistant alloys, suitable for commercial development.
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Sheldon, Jerry W. "Growth of semi-elliptical surface cracks in ductile materials." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/17876.

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AHMAD, SAJJAD. "Innovative mix design of cementitious materials for enhancing strength and ductility." Doctoral thesis, Politecnico di Torino, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/11583/2604771.

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Cement based composites i.e. paste, mortar and concrete are the most utilized materials in the construction industry all over the world. Cement composites are quasi-brittle in nature and possess extremely low tensile strength as compared to their compressive strength. Due to their low tensile strength capacity, cracks develop in cementitious composites due to the drying shrinkage, plastic settlements and/or stress concentrations (due to external restrains and/or applied stresses) etc. These cracks developed at the nanoscale may grow rapidly due to the applied stresses and join together to form micro and macro cracks. The growth of cracks from nanoscale to micro and macro scale is very rapid and may lead to sudden failure of the cement composites. Therefore, it is necessary to develop such types of cement composites possessing higher resistance to crack growth, enhanced flexural strength and ductility. The development of new technologies and materials has revolutionized every field of science by opening new horizons in production and manufacturing. In construction materials, especially in cement and concrete composites, the use of nano/micro particles and fibers in the mix design of these composites has opened new ways from improved mechanical properties to enhanced functionalities. Generally, the production or manufacturing processes of the nano/micro sized particles and fibers are energy intensive and expensive. Therefore, it is very important to explore new methods and procedures to develop less energy intensive, low cost and eco-friendly inert nano/micro sized particles for utilization in the cement composites to obtain better performance in terms of strength and ductility. The main theme of the present research work was to develop a family of new type of cementitious composites possessing superior performance characteristics in terms of strength, ductility, fracture energy and crack growth pattern by incorporating micro sized inert carbonized particles in the mix design of cementitious composites. To achieve these objectives the micro sized inert carbonized particles were prepared from organic waste materials, namely: Bamboo, coconut shell and hemp hurds. For comparison purposes and performance optimization needs, another inorganic waste material named as carbon soot was also investigated in the present research. The experimental investigations for the present study was carried out in two phases; In the first phase of research work, a methodology was developed for the synthesis of the micro sized inert carbonized particles from the above mentioned organic raw materials. In the second phase of research, various mix proportions of the cementitious composites were prepared incorporating the synthesized micro sized inert carbonized particles. For micro sized inert carbonized particles obtained from bamboo and coconut shell three wt.% additions i.e. 0.05, 0.08, 0.20 were investigated and for particles synthesized from hemp hurds 0.08, 0.20, 1.00 and 3.00 wt.% additions were explored. The cement composites were characterized by third-point bending tests and their fracture parameters were evaluated. The mechanical characterization of specimens suggested that 0.08 wt.% addition of micro sized inert carbonized bamboo particles enhances the flexural strength and toughness of cement composites up to 66% and 103% respectively. The toughness indices I5, I10 and total toughness of the cement composites were also enhanced. The carbonized particles synthesized from coconut shell resulted in improved toughness and ductility without any increase in the modulus of rupture of the cement composite specimens. Maximum enhancements in I5 and I10 were observed for 0.08% addition of both carbonized and carbonized-annealed particles. For the carbonized hemp hurds cement composites the results indicate that the micro sized inert carbonized particles additions enhanced the flexural strength, compressive strength and the fracture energy of the cement composites. The microstructure of the cement composites was also studied with the help of field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM) by observing small chunks of cement composite paste samples. The FESEM observations indicated that the micro sized inert carbonized particles utilized in the mix design of these mixes were well dispersed in the cement matrix. It was also observed that the fracture paths followed by the cracks were tortures and irregular due the presence of micro particles in the matrix. The cracks during their growth often contoured around the inert particle inclusions and resulted in enhanced energy absorption capacity of the cement composites. The study was further enhanced to the cement mortar composites and their performances were studied. The results indicated that the energy absorption behavior of the composites was enhanced for all the cement composites containing micro carbonized particles. Finally, it is concluded that the ductility and toughness properties of the cement composites can be enhanced by incorporating the micro sized inert carbonized particles in the cement matrix. The fracture energy, ductility and toughness properties enhancement of the cement composites greatly depends upon the source and synthesis procedure followed for the production of micro sized inert carbonized particles.
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Zarandi, Faramarz MH. "The effect of high temperature deformation on the hot ductility of Nb-microalloyed steel /." Thesis, McGill University, 2004. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=85109.

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Low hot ductility at the straightening stage of the steel continuous casting process, where the surface temperature ranges from 600 to 1200°C, is associated with transverse cracking on the billet surface. This is attributed to various microalloying elements, which are essential for the mechanical characteristics of the final products. Thermomechanical processing is a new approach to alleviate this problem. In this work, two grades of Nb-containing steel, one modified with B, were examined. In order to simulate the key parameters of continuous casting, specimens were melted in situ and subjected to thermal conditions similar to that occurring in a continuous casting mill. They were also deformed at different stages of the thermal schedule. Finally, the hot ductility was evaluated at the end of the thermal schedule, corresponding to the straightening stage in continuous casting at which the hot ductility problem occurs in the continuous casting process.
The results showed that the presence of B is noticeably beneficial to the hot ductility. Failure mode analysis was performed and the mechanism of fracture was elaborated. As well, the potential mechanisms under which B can improve the hot ductility were proposed.
Deformation during solidification (i.e. in the liquid + solid two phase region) led to a significant loss of hot ductility in both steels. By contrast, deformation in the delta-ferrite region, after solidification, was either detrimental or beneficial depending on the deformation start temperature.
The hot ductility was considerably improved in the steel without B when deformation was applied during the delta → gamma transformation. The effect of such deformation on the other steel grade was not significant. Examination of the microstructure revealed that such improvement is related to a grain refinement in austenite. Therefore, the effect of deformation parameters was studied in detail and the optimum condition leading to the greatest improvement in the hot ductility was determined.
Finally, some solutions to the industrial problem in the continuous casting process were proposed.
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Sjöström, Julia, and Helena Åkesson. "Investigation of Ductility Dip at 1000˚C in Alloy 617." Thesis, KTH, Materialvetenskap, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-209823.

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Alloy 617 displays a ductility dip during straining at exactly 1000˚C, leading to brittle fracture. A sudden decrease in ductility appearing during Gleeble hot ductility tests of Ni-based superalloys is a well-known phenomenon, while its cause is unknown. Many mechanisms have been established as possible contributors to the issue, and in later years not one, but the simultaneous presence of several of these mechanisms were confirmed as the cause. The ductility dip leads to solid state cracking and a specific solid state cracking phenomenon known as ductility dip cracking is specifically common in Ni-based superalloys. Ductility dip cracking is identified by intergranular cracks and the occurrence of specific precipitates, among other things. This work investigates the possibility that the decreased ductility is due to ductility dip cracking. Furthermore, other possible explanations are investigated. Visual examination was conducted through LOM, SEM and chemical analysis using EDS technique. Combined with thermodynamic calculations, the existence of Cr-rich M23C6 carbides, Ti(N,C) and Mo-rich particles, most likely M3B2, were confirmed. Further, it is established that the ductility dip is related to the lack of dynamic recrystallization at 1000˚C. It is not confirmed that the ductility dip in alloy 617 is due to ductility dip cracking.
Nickelbaslegeringen 617 uppvisar en minskning i duktilitet under Gleeble-dragprovning vid exakt 1000˚C vilket leder till sprött brott. En plötslig sänkning av duktiliteten vid varmdragning av Ni-baserade superlegeringar är ett välkänt fenomen, dock är orsaken inte fastställd. Många mekanismer har bekräftats som bidrag till problemet och under de senaste åren har den simultana närvaron av fler av dessa mekanismer bekräftats som orsaken. Sänkningen i duktilitet leder till sprickbildning i fast fas och en specifik typ av sprickbildning känd som ”ductility dip cracking” är speciellt förekommande i Ni-bas legeringar. Denna identifieras bland annat genom intergranulära sprickor och närvaron av specifika utskiljningar. Detta arbete undersöker möjligheten att duktilitetssänkningen beror på  ”ductility dip cracking”. Dessutom undersöks fler tänkbara förklaringar. Visuell granskning genomfördes via LOM och SEM och analys av sammansättningar via EDS-analys. I kombination med termodynamiska simuleringar blev förekomsten av Cr-rika M23C6 karbider, Ti(N,C) och Mo-rika partiklar, troligtvis M3B2, bekräftad. Fortsatt är det bekräftat att duktilitetssänkningen är relaterat till avsaknaden av rekristallisation vid 1000˚C. Det är inte bekräftat i detta arbete att duktilitetssänkningen i legering 617 beror av ”ductility dip cracking”.
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Johnson, Luke. "Solidification Cracking and Ductility-Dip Cracking Resistance of Ni-Base Filler Metal 52XL with Tantalum and Molybdenum Additions." The Ohio State University, 2020. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1575462956102374.

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Li, Jianjun, and 李建军. "Theoretical modelling and numerical simulation of plastic deformation of nanostructured materials with high strength and ductility." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2013. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B50605707.

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Nanostructured materials have attracted intensive scientific interests during the past two decades due to their outstanding physical and mechanical properties. However, the brittleness of nanostructured materials posed a great challenge for their engineering applications. Recently, several strategies were successfully adopted to produce nanostructured materials with both high strength and ductility such as surface-nanocrystallized (SNC) materials, nanocrystalline materials with stress-induced nanograin growth and nanotwinned metals. A lot of molecular dynamics (MD) simulations, modelling and experiments have been conducted to investigate the deformation mechanisms and the correlated exceptional mechanical properties and considerable progress has been made. However, some problems remain unsolved. For example, the complicated structure of SNC materials due to its grain size gradient (GSG) surface layer makes it difficult to establish a quantitative model for prediction of their strength and ductility; the main mode of nanograin growth in nanostructured materials, i.e., shear-coupled migration of grain boundaries (GBs), was experimentally observed as contributing to their enhanced ductility, but the mechanism of the enhancement remains unclear. In addition, there exist contradictory results for the grain size dependence of transitional twin thickness that corresponds to the maximum strength of nanotwinned metals. All these issues should be addressed to gain a better understanding of the mechanism-ductility correlation in order to provide some guidelines for designing lighter, stronger and ductile nanostructured materials. Therefore, an attempt was made to study the plastic deformation of nanostructured materials with high strength and ductility by theoretical modelling and numerical simulations. Firstly, the enhanced balance of strength and ductility of SNC materials was studied using a combination of theoretical analysis and finite element simulation. A criterion was established for determining the ductility of SNC materials. The results obtained showed that the ductility of a SNC sample could be comparable to that of its coarse-grained counterpart, while it simultaneously possessed a much higher strength than that of the latter if optimal GSG thickness and topmost phase grain size were adopted. Then a dislocation-density-based model was proposed to quantitatively predict the plastic deformation of SNC materials; the stress-driven nanograin growth was also incorporated in the said model. The capability of the model in predicting the strength and work hardening of SNC materials was validated by the existing experimental results. Thirdly, physical models for shear-coupled migration of GBs in nanostructured materials were developed to explain the general coupling between the shear and the normal migration of GBs observed in MD simulations and experiments. The coupled migration process was found to be a general and effective toughening mechanism in nanostructured materials. Moreover, our study showed that the shear-coupled migration is able to enhance the intrinsic ductility considerably when it cooperates with GB sliding. Finally, an elastic-viscoplastic constitutive model based on the competition of intra-twin and twin-boundary-mediated deformation mechanisms was proposed to predict the grain size dependent transitional twin thickness of nanotwinned metals. A linear relation between the transitional twin thickness and the grain size was predicted, which was in excellent agreement with the results obtained from MD simulations and experiments available in the literatures.
published_or_final_version
Mechanical Engineering
Doctoral
Doctor of Philosophy
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Ostrowsky, Jennifer. "A New Approach for Evaluating the Ductility, Volumetric Stiffness, and Permeability of Cutoff Wall Backfill Materials." DigitalCommons@USU, 2019. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/7680.

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The use of plastic concrete for cutoff walls in dams for remediation of seepage issues has become more widely used in the past 25 years, however, the in-situ material properties are still not well understood. The research presents a new testing procedure that combines two existing testing methods, triaxial shear and permeability testing. By developing this laboratory testing method, material properties of the cutoff wall backfill material can be more accurately examined and explained using changes in the permeability of the material to discern the ductility and stiffness.
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Whittaker, Jarrod Talbott. "Ductility and Use of Titanium Alloy and Stainless Steel Aerospace Fasteners." Scholar Commons, 2015. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/5796.

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The main purpose of this thesis is to investigate the ductility and application of titanium alloys, like titanium 6Al-4V, when used in aerospace fasteners compared to more conventional stainless steel aerospace fasteners such as A286. There have been concerns raised about the safe usability of titanium 6-4 in the aerospace industry due to its lack of strain hardening. However, there is a lack of data pertaining to this concern of safe usage which this thesis aims to address. Tensile tests were conducted to find the ductility indexes of these fasteners which quantify the amount of plastic to elastic elongation. From the tests conducted it was found that the two materials yield and tensile strengths were very similar, though the ductility index of A286 is on average ten times greater than that of titanium 6-4. This thesis includes joint diagram examples that analyze typical joints using both materials. It was found from joint diagram examples that the lower ductility index of the titanium alloy will only be detrimental to use at higher preloads. However, the titanium alloy can be used safely in place of A286 in most loading situations just with narrower safety margins in these controlled examples.
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Palkovic, Steven D. (Steven David). "Development of a portable scratch test device for probing strength, ductility and structural distress in metal materials." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/90157.

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Thesis: S.M., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, 2014.
Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references.
Practicing civil, mechanical, aerospace, petroleum and structural engineers are often faced with the complexity of evaluating the quality and integrity of new or existing structures. Recent academic research has demonstrated that instrumented scratch testing is a viable alternative for determining the strength and ductility of metals without the use of destructive methods involving the extraction of tensile testing specimens. Although the scientific basis for scratch testing is well established, there is a necessity for a simple and robust implementation that avoids the complexities of current methods which require expensive laboratory equipment and sophisticated data processing. A detailed description of the instrumented scratch testing method for characterizing ductile metals is provided, as well as comparisons with existing alternatives. An innovative scratch testing method is proposed and validated to perform a displacement controlled scratch experiment. A portable scratch testing device is designed and developed to utilize the displacement control technique along with specific instrumentation to allow for the continuous measurement of material properties along the length of a scratch during the experiment. The scratch testing device and method are implemented in a scratch experiment on a welded connection. For the first time, a simple experimental procedure allows for the measurement of changes in mechanical properties through the weld, from the base metal, heat-affected zone (HAZ) and filler weld metal. This novel application highlights the unique ability of the scratch testing method to monitor the evolution of localized mechanical properties in areas of interest to practicing engineers. Recommendations for future iterations of the portable scratch tester are provided.
by Steven D. Palkovic.
S.M.
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Books on the topic "Materials - Ductility"

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Zhao, Yonghao, and Xiaozhou Liao. Ductility of bulk nanostructured materials. Stafa-Zurich, Switzerland: Trans Tech, 2010.

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Szuwalski, Krzysztof. Optymalne kształtowanie elementów konstrukcji z uwagi na czas zniszczenia ciągliwego w warunkach pełzania. Kraków: Politechnika Krakowska im. Tadeusza Kościuszki, 1991.

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C, Newman J., and Langley Research Center, eds. Analyses of buckling and stable tearing in thin-sheet materials. Hampton, Va: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Langley Research Center, 1998.

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Itō, Y. Thermal deformation in machine tools. New York: McGraw-Hill, 2010.

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Kaĭbyshev, O. A. Superplasticity: Microstructural refinement and superplastic roll forming. Arlington, Va: Futurepast, 2005.

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1935-, Wightman James P., and Langley Research Center. Materials Division., eds. Fracture surface analysis in composite and titanium bonding: Semi-annual report. Blacksburg, VA: Chemistry Dept., Virginia Polytechnic Institute & State University, 1985.

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Liao, Xiao Zhou, and Yonghao Zhao. Ductility of Bulk Nanostructured Materials. Trans Tech Publications, Limited, 2009.

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Analyses of buckling and stable tearing in thin-sheet materials. Hampton, Va: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Langley Research Center, 1998.

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Failure criteria and analysis in dynamic response: Presented at the Winter Annual Meeting of the American Society of Mechanical Engineers, Dallas, Texas, November 25-30, 1990. New York, N.Y: ASME, 1990.

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Ga.) American Society of Mechanical Engineers. Winter Meeting (1991 : Atlanta. Failure Criteria and Analysis in Dynamic Response: Presented at the Winter Annual Meeting of the American Society of Mechanical Engineers, Dallas, Texas, November 25-30, 1990 (Cat No G00528). Amer Society of Mechanical, 1990.

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Book chapters on the topic "Materials - Ductility"

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Tsuji, Nobuhiro, Shigenobu Ogata, Haruyuki Inui, Isao Tanaka, and Kyosuke Kishida. "Proposing the Concept of Plaston and Strategy to Manage Both High Strength and Large Ductility in Advanced Structural Materials, on the Basis of Unique Mechanical Properties of Bulk Nanostructured Metals." In The Plaston Concept, 3–34. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-7715-1_1.

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AbstractAdvanced structural materials are required to show both high strength and large ductility/toughness, but we have not yet acquired the guiding principle for that. The bulk nanostructured metals are polycrystalline metallic materials having bulky dimensions and average grain sizes smaller than 1 μm. Bulk nanostructured metals show very high strength compared with that of the coarse-grained counterparts, but usually exhibit limited tensile ductility, especially small uniform elongation below a few %, due to the early plastic instability. On the other hand, we have recently found that particular bulk nanostructured metals can manage high strength and large tensile ductility. In such bulk nanostructured metals, unusual deformation modes different from normal dislocation slips were unexpectedly activated. Unusual <c+a> dislocations, deformation twins with nano-scale thickness, and deformation-induced martensite nucleated from grain boundaries in the bulk nanostructured Mg alloy, high-Mn austenitic steel, and Ni-C metastable austenitic steel, respectively. Those unexpected deformation modes enhanced strain hardening of the materials, leading to high strength and large tensile ductility. It was considered that the nucleation of such unusual deformation modes was attributed to the scarcity of dislocations and dislocation sources in each recrystallized ultrafine grain, which also induced discontinuous yielding with clear yield drop universally recognized in bulk nanostructured metals having recrystallized structures. For discussing the nucleation of different deformation modes in atomistic scales, the new concept of plaston which considered local excitation of atoms under singular dynamic fields was proposed. Based on the findings in bulk nanostructured metals and the concept of plaston, we proposed a strategy for overcoming the strength-ductility trade-off in structural metallic materials. Sequential nucleation of different deformation modes would regenerate the strain-hardening ability of the material, leading to high strength and large tensile ductility. The strategy could be a guiding principle for realizing advanced structural materials that manage both high strength and large tensile ductility.
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Zhu, Yuntian, and Xiaolei Wu. "Ductility and Plasticity of Nanostructured Metals: Differences and Issues." In Heterostructured Materials, 33–50. New York: Jenny Stanford Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003153078-4.

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Lim, L. C., H. H. Lu, and O. Ajaja. "Effect of Substructure on Creep Ductility." In Fracture of Engineering Materials and Structures, 611–18. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-3650-1_90.

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Estrin, Yuri, and Hyoung Seop Kim. "Strength and Ductility of Ultrafine Grained Metallic Materials." In Ultrafine Grained Materials II, 557–66. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118804537.ch63.

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Ma, X. L., C. X. Huang, W. Z. Xu, H. Zhou, X. L. Wu, and Y. T. Zhu. "Strain Hardening and Ductility in a Coarse-Grain/Nanostructure Laminate Material." In Heterostructured Materials, 667–77. New York: Jenny Stanford Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003153078-41.

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Wu, Xiaolei, Muxin Yang, Fuping Yuan, Guilin Wu, Yujie Wei, Xiaoxu Huang, and Yuntian Zhu. "Heterostructured Lamella Structure Unites Ultrafine-Grain Strength with Coarse-Grain Ductility." In Heterostructured Materials, 73–88. New York: Jenny Stanford Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003153078-7.

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Yang, Muxin, Runguang Li, Ping Jiang, Fuping Yuan, Yandong Wang, Yuntian Zhu, and Xiaolei Wu. "Residual Stress Provides Significant Strengthening and Ductility in Gradient Structured Materials." In Heterostructured Materials, 119–30. New York: Jenny Stanford Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003153078-10.

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Ma, Y. Q., Rong Shi Chen, and En Hou Han. "Development of a High Strength and High Ductility Magnesium Alloy." In Materials Science Forum, 265–68. Stafa: Trans Tech Publications Ltd., 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/0-87849-968-7.265.

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Li, Jiansheng, Bo Gao, Yang Cao, Yusheng Li, and Yuntian Zhu. "Superior Strength and Ductility of 316L Stainless Steel with Heterostructured Lamella Structure." In Heterostructured Materials, 641–64. New York: Jenny Stanford Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003153078-39.

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Yan, Fuping, Dingshun Yan, Jiangda Sun, Lingling Zhou, Yuntian Zhu, and Xiaolei Wu. "Ductility by Shear Band Delocalization in the Nano-Layer of Gradient Structure." In Heterostructured Materials, 225–37. New York: Jenny Stanford Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003153078-16.

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Conference papers on the topic "Materials - Ductility"

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Lambropoulos, John C., Joseph J. Randi, and Shai Shafrir. "Optical materials micromechanical property database: fracture toughness and ductility." In Optifab 2005: Technical Digest. SPIE, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.605849.

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Durgadevi, S. "Experimental Investigation on Effects of Bendable Composites on Ductility." In Sustainable Materials and Smart Practices. Materials Research Forum LLC, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.21741/9781644901953-41.

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Abstract. The challenge in the structural characterization on ductile behaviour of bendable composite is to enhance the structural safety under severe loading. This paper emphasis on inclusion of a high dosage of fly ash (class F) with fly ash to cement (FA/C) in the ratio of 1.6 and an optimum amount of 2% of Polyvinyl Alcohol (PVA) fibres on the ductile behaviour of reinforced and unreinforced Bendable Composite. The absence of Coarse aggregates in this Bendable Composite reduces the crack width which increases the tensile strain capacity of Bendable Composites. The ductile behaviour of this Bendable Composite gives a high-end property in earthquake resistance applications when compared to conventional concrete.
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Subramani, A., P. Maimi, and J. Costa. "Improvement of Translaminar Toughness of Composite Materials through Pseudo-Ductility." In VIII Conference on Mechanical Response of Composites. CIMNE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.23967/composites.2021.103.

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Petley, Vijay, Shweta Verma, K. M. Ashique, D. M. Purushothama, and R. Rajendran. "Weld Ductility Evaluation of Aeroengine Materials by Performing Bend Tests." In ASME 2013 Gas Turbine India Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gtindia2013-3640.

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Welding is an integral part of the fabrication process for realization of the components and sub-components for any structural system. The weld process and the evaluation of the weld zone properties become more significant for the critical application like structural components of an aero engine. Standard tensile testing of the welded specimens provides the ductility for the composite joint i.e. the parent, heat affected zone and the weld zone. Standard bend tests (Three point bend) are specified as the qualitative tests for evaluating the ductility of the welded joints. For these bend tests, the ductility of the parent specimens are utilized for calculating the bend test parameters and the bend angles are specified after performing the tests on the parent specimens. But during the bend tests on the TIG welded specimens of specific materials and the thickness combinations like Ti-64 with thickness of 1.2 and 4.0 mm, it was observed that the specimens used to get fractured during bend tests before the specified bend angle is achieved. Though this suggests that the ductility of the welded joint is lesser than that of the parent specimens, it is not quantified with the premature failure of the test specimen. In the present study, bend tests on these material samples are performed on TIG welded specimens. Load and the displacement were monitored during the bend tests and maximum plunger depth and bend angle was recorded. A term called virtual plunger diameter is introduced in this work. Based on this plunger depth, span length, virtual plunger diameter is estimated at the onset of the fracture. From this plunger diameter the ductility of the weld joint is recalculated and is found to be lesser than the ductility of the welded joint as observed during the tensile test. The proposed bend test result analysis technique provides the quantitative results i.e. weld ductility from the bend test data.
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Auerkari, Pertti, Stefan Holmstro¨m, Juhani Rantala, and Jorma Salonen. "Creep Damage, Ductility and Expected Life for Materials With Defects." In ASME 2008 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2008-61428.

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Defects can pre-exist and grow by creep in structures subjected to loading at high temperatures. As structural integrity is not necessarily conveniently predicted and managed by applying design and life assessment techniques intended for nominally defect-free material, it is important that methods are available for quantified and safe assessment of defects. In addition to the assessment methods, also materials behaviour will affect the likely outcome. In particular, ductility of the materials is important, and unfortunately ductility tends to decrease when shifting from short-term testing to long term creep conditions. In this paper, two examples are shown of materials with such ductility effects when combined with defects. The first example involves 316H stainless steel subjected to creep loading with an extensive crack-like defect, resulting in a transformation from microscopically ductile to brittle intergranular cracking within a relatively modest time span. The second example will demonstrate a corresponding shift in OFP copper that shows a radical ductility and life reduction in creep when including so small weld defects that they would be undetectable in conventional NDT.
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Kakay, S., R. Omdal, A. Sæstad, K. Refsland, and O. T. Gudmestad. "Effects of using fibres on cracks and the ductility of lightweight concrete." In MATERIALS CHARACTERISATION 2015. Southampton, UK: WIT Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.2495/mc150121.

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Lan, C., H. Li, and Y. Ju. "Ductility of high strength concrete containing nano-particles." In Second International Conference on Smart Materials and Nanotechnology in Engineering, edited by Jinsong Leng, Anand K. Asundi, and Wolfgang Ecke. SPIE, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.840823.

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Nechevska-Cvetanovska, Golubka, Artur Roshi, Jordan Bojadjiev, and Zoran Trajchevski. "STRENGTH AND DUCTILITY CAPACITY OF RC COLUMNS STRENGTHENED WITH CFRP MATERIALS." In 1st Croatian Conference on Earthquake Engineering. University of Zagreb Faculty of Civil Engineering, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5592/co/1crocee.2021.13.

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Sun, Guoyan, Zhe Lu, Jianming Bai, and Fangsu Yu. "Modeling and analysis of ductility of brittle materials using indentation method." In 7th International Symposium on Advanced Optical Manufacturing and Testing Technologies (AOMATT 2014), edited by Li Yang, Eric Ruch, and Shengyi Li. SPIE, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2069591.

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Zhao, Xue, Bin Gan, Mei Zhang, Yong Zhong, Menglian Hou, and Lin Li. "Hot Ductility of Ti/Nb-added 800MPa Grade Weathering Steel." In 2015 International Conference on Advanced Engineering Materials and Technology. Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/icaemt-15.2015.162.

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Reports on the topic "Materials - Ductility"

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Lynk, John. PR-610-163756-WEB Material Strength Verification. Chantilly, Virginia: Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), April 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0011573.

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DATE: Tuesday, April 30, 2019 TIME: 11:00 a.m. ET CLICK THE DOWNLOAD/BUY BUTTON TO ACCESS THE WEBINAR REGISTRATION LINK Join the PRCI Integrity and Inspection technical committee for a pipeline operator driven discussion regarding PRCI research related to non-destructive technologies for the purpose of pipe material verification and how operators have applied this research in the field. This webinar will include; research project overview, operator case studies and analysis of current technology gaps. Panelists: Mark Piazza, Manager Pipeline Compliance and R and D, Colonial Pipeline Company Mike Kern, Director of Gas Transmission Engineering, National Grid Oliver Burkinshaw, Senior Materials Engineer, ROSEN Simon Bellemare, Founder and CEO of Massachusetts Materials Technologies John Lynk, Program Manager, Integrity and Inspection and Subsea Technical Committees, PRCI Expected Benefits/Learning Outcomes: - In-ditch non-destructive evaluation for material yield strength that has been utilized on in-service lines to confirm incomplete records of pipe grades and/or to evaluate acquired assets - How the data has been utilized to collect opportunistic data as part of external corrosion direct assessments to provide a basis for maximum allowable operating pressure, as well as prioritizing and setting criteria for further inspection and potential capital projects. - The ability to differentiate specific manufacturing processes, such as low frequency and high frequency electro-resistance welded longitudinal seams, have been successfully applied on a number of pipeline integrity projects - Enhancement of inline inspection technologies combined with verification digs have demonstrated the potential to apply pipe joint specific strength data in fitness-for-service, as opposed to lower minimum values set by pipe grade or by nominal conservative assumptions. Who should attend: - Pipeline integrity engineers, specialists and management - Pipe materials specialists Recommended pre-reading: PR-610-163756-R01 Hardness Stength and Ductility (HSD) Testing of Line Pipes Initial Validation Testing Phase I PR-335-173816-MV Validation of insitu Methods for Material Property Determination CLICK THE DOWNLOAD/BUY BUTTON TO ACCESS THE WEBINAR REGISTRATION LINK Not able to attend? Register anyway to automatically receive a link to the webinar recording to view on-demand at your convenience.
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Dinovitzer, Aaron. PR-214-144500-R05 Weld Hydrogen Cracking Susceptibility Characterization. Chantilly, Virginia: Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), July 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0011495.

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Hydrogen cracking has been and continues to be observed in both heat-affected zones and weld metals. High carbon equivalent weldment heat-affected zones (HAZ) combined with rapid cooling have been related to the development of hydrogen cracking susceptible microstructures. Weld metal cracking is observed in both high and low strength weldments and is a particular concern for root passes due to the use of cellulosic electrodes, parent metal dilution, applied load, and weld fault stress riser effects promoting cracking. The risk of HAZ and weld cracking are increased for repair and in-service welds and/or welds deposited on older generation materials (e.g., pipe or fittings) and this can pose a significant risk to the integrity of welded connections. This report presents the result of research in the application and extension of the "Slow Bend" testing technique used to quantify the hydrogen cracking susceptibility of a weldment. This testing is being used to quantify the susceptibility of a microstructure to hydrogen cracking by defining the critical combinations of strain and hydrogen concentration (i.e. hydrogen embrittlement curves) that result in cracking in a given material. The testing and modelling results have been used to define relationships between the hydrogen embrittlement curve parameters (i.e. ductility and hydrogen embrittlement indices) and the properties of the deposited weld metal. These preliminary relationships were defined separately for cellulosic and basic SMAW electrodes providing insight to the factors that make a weld material susceptible to hydrogen cracking.
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Bellemare, Simon. PR-610-163756-R01 Hardness Strength and Ductility (HSD) Testing of Line Pipes Initial Validation. Chantilly, Virginia: Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), September 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0011424.

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In-ditch nondestructive material verification for yield strength and toughness has been a growing interest to the pipeline industry in the continuous efforts to further raise pipeline safety and efficiency. It can complement or substitute alternate techniques such as material extraction or hydrostatic pressure tests. This work is the first use of the Hardness, Strength, and Ductility (HSD) Tester by PRCI to measure the equivalent of the API 5L yield strength from only testing the out-side diameter surface of pipe joints without significant material removal. The procedure explicitly account for through thickness variations. This report has a related webinar.
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Gill. L51675 Effects of Weldment Property Variations on the Behavior of Line Pipe. Chantilly, Virginia: Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), January 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0010133.

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A steel weldment is a composite of zones or layers of different microstructures that possess different material properties. The zones include the base metal (or the sections of pipe), the weld metal, and a complex heat-affected zone (HAZ) of base metal that has been exposed to a variety of thermal cycles resulting in varying microstructures. The material properties of primary concern with respect to the mechanical behavior of the pipe are the stress-strain response (the constitutive properties) and the resistance to initiation and propagation of cracks or tears in the presence of a crack, notch, or other stress concentrator (the fracture toughness properties). Most of the experimental data on the behavior of welds with significant discontinuities were obtained from test specimens with surface or through-thickness notches or cracks. These data typically show an increase in load or nominal ductility for overmatched welds and a decrease in load or nominal ductility for undermatched welds. However, there are cases where the presence of a soft zone may enhance the nominal ductility and cases where overmatched welds will decrease the nominal ductility. The latter is especially likely in a girth weld with a circumferential crack in the HAZ.
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Leis and Zhu. PR-003-063526-R01 Leak vs Rupture Boundary for Pipes with a Focus on Low Toughness and-or Ductility. Chantilly, Virginia: Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), April 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0010781.

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While the technology to manage corrosion is largely mature, just one high-profile corrosion incident, like that at Carlsbad, NM, rekindles the public�s concern for safety, with far reaching effects possibly into Congress and the regulatory management. Such incidents also bring into question the viability of related integrity management tools and practices � particularly those used to assess incident consequences and prioritize related maintenance. Reliably discriminating between leaks and ruptures thus is important � but remains elusive for many applications. This project sought new understanding and a methodology to determine the leak versus rupture (L vs R) boundary for pipe-body corrosion. The first phase of this project formulated this new methodology and evaluated it in regards to factors such as defect acuity, constraint, loading mode (hydrostatic versus pneumatic), and material toughness and ductility. Because of concern in regard to its use for higher-strength grades, possible limitations due to grade were evaluated relative to the literature and full-scale data in the second phase of the project.
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Gombeda, Matthew, Zoe Lallas, and Estevan Rivera Jr. Optimal Approach for Addressing Reinforcement Corrosion for Concrete Bridge Decks in Illinois—Phase II. Illinois Center for Transportation, May 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.36501/0197-9191/23-005.

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This report presents the expansion of a previously introduced life-cycle cost calculation framework for concrete bridge decks in Illinois. In addition to the alternative reinforcement options examined in the Illinois Center for Transportation and Illinois Department of Transportation project R27-SP49, two additional reinforcing bar types—stainless steel–clad carbon core and textured epoxy-coated bars—are the main subjects of this study. The results of a comprehensive literature review of these two additional bar options will highlight their cost-benefit characteristics toward optimizing the life span of a concrete bridge deck, most notably trade-offs between often increased upfront material costs and enhanced durability over a design 100-year service life. Additionally, the scope of this study includes the development of a more robust methodology to account for the effect of the relatively high nominal yield strength and corresponding reduced ductility of A1035 bars, one of the alternate reinforcement options examined in R27-SP49. The researchers used a numerical moment-curvature-based analysis methodology to facilitate the development of a design-friendly modified high-strength reinforcement factor that supersedes the nominal yield strength factor proposed in the original version of the life-cycle cost framework. The outcomes of this project and R27-SP49 will collectively expand upon and aim to enhance the effectiveness of the originally proposed life-cycle cost framework. The outcomes will be demonstrated by presenting updated life-cycle costs and via a parametric study of two hypothetical bridge deck examples, each falling into significantly different categories for traffic demands and select performance expectations.
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TEST ON RESILIENCE CAPACITY OF SELF-CENTERING BUCKLING RESTRAINED BRACE WITH DISC SPRINGS. The Hong Kong Institute of Steel Construction, August 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.18057/icass2020.p.156.

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The properly constructed buckling restrained braces (BRBs) usually have good ductility and energy dissipation capacity and therefore can be used in braced steel frames. However, large residual plastic deformation of the BRBs deteriorates their resilience capacity and hence results in large residual deformation of the buckling restrained braced steel frames (BRBFs) under large drifts. To reduce the residual deformation of BRB while keeping good ductility and energy dissipation capacity, a new self-centering buckling restrained brace (SCBRB), letting both BRB part and self-centering part work in parallel, is proposed. The self-centering capacity of SCBRB is provided by a combination of pre-compressed disc springs, which provides restoring forces and facilitates reduction of the residual deformation of the BRB. The BRB is composed of a core steel plate brace, a restraining member formed by the circular steel tube filled with mortar, and debonding materials between them. By quasi-static tests, one self-centering buckling restrained brace specimen (SCBRB) and one pure BRB specimen were tested to mainly examine the constructional details and hysteretic behavior of SCBRB. The material and configuration details of core steel plate brace in both the SCBRB and the pure BRB are the same for comparison. The test results show that, compared with the pure BRB which still exhibits large residual deformation, the SCBRB presents a flag-shape hysteretic performance and its residual deformation decreases significantly. The hysteretic curves of both the SCBRB and the pure BRB are stable before tension fracture of plate brace due to low cyclic fatigue, and the other components remained intact.
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THE CONTINUOUS STRENGTH METHOD – REVIEW AND OUTLOOK. The Hong Kong Institute of Steel Construction, August 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.18057/icass2020.p.k11.

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The Continuous Strength Method (CSM) is a deformation-based approach to the design of structures that enables a continuous, rational and accurate allowance for material nonlinearity. Central to the method is the application of strain limits to define the resistance of a structural member or system.The method can be applied to structures formed using different materials and manufacturing processes and can be used for steel-concrete composite design and in fire scenarios. The design method enables enhancements in structural efficiency and, unlike traditional approaches, allows the assessment of both strength and ductility demands (particularly relevant for high strength steel) at the ultimate limit state. For hand calculations, a set of straightforward CSM design equations have been developed. Recognising the increasing importance and use of advanced analysis, recent research, summarised herein, has focused on integration of the CSM strain limits into a framework of design by second order inelastic analysis, where the benefits of the method become even more substantial. This paper provides a review of the background and recent developments, including incorporation into design standards.
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LOW-CYCLE FATIGUE PROPERTIES OF AUSTENITIC STAINLESS STEEL S30408 UNDER LARGE PLASTIC STRAIN AMPLITUDE. The Hong Kong Institute of Steel Construction, March 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.18057/ijasc.2022.18.1.10.

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The application of stainless steel materials in civil structures for seismic protection lies in its low-cycle fatigue characteristic. However, the data of existing research are mainly based on the low-cycle fatigue in small strain amplitudes. To this end, we perform low-cycle fatigue testing of Austenitic stainless steel S30408, which has low yield point and good elongation performance, under the cyclic load with a maximum strain amplitude reaching up to 5%, to fill the gap. The stress-strain response characteristics of the stainless steel material under the cyclic load are analyzed; then, the parameters of the strain-fatigue life relationship and the cyclic-plastic constitutive model used for FEA simulation are extracted. Results show that the stainless steel’s stress-strain curve is nonlinear without a yield plateau, thus presenting a high strength yield ratio and ductility. The hysteresis loops of the material are plump with a shuttle shape and are symmetric to the origin, indicating a fine energy dissipation capacity. The skeleton curve under cyclic loading with cyclic hardening can be significantly reflected by the Ramberg Osgood model, which is affected by the strain amplitude and loading history; it is also different from the monotonic tensile skeleton curve. The strain-fatigue life curve fitted by the Baqusin Manson Coffin model can predict the materials’ fatigue life under different strain amplitudes. The mixed hardening model, including isotropic and kinematic hardening, based on the Chaboche model, is able to simulate the cyclic stress-strain relationship. Further, its parameters can provide basic data information for the seismic design of civil structures when Austenitic stainless steel S30408 is used.
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LOCAL BUCKLING BEHAVIORS OF COLD-FORMED CIRCULAR HOLLOW SECTIONS HIGH STRENGTH STEEL STUB COLUMNS BASED ON A HIGH-FIDELITY NUMERICAL MODEL (ICASS’2022). The Hong Kong Institute of Steel Construction, August 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.18057/icass2020.p.337.

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This paper establishes a high-fidelity numerical model to systematically investigate the local buckling behaviors of cold-formed circular hollow section (CHS) high-strength steel stub columns. Material nonlinearity and geometric nonlinearity are carefully accounted for in the FE model. Based on the Menegotto-Point model, the material constitutive of cold-formed CHS is calibrated considering the characteristics of the curvature of the stress-strain curve. The mesh is uniformly patterned according to the cross-section of the CHSs steel under compression. Subsequently, parametric studies are carried out to study the local buckling mode, buckling strength and ductility of the cold-formed high-strength CHS. The cross-sectional slenderness limit and local buckling strength of CHSs with material strength more than 500 MPa are proposed.
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