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Academic literature on the topic 'Matériau photochromique'
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Matériau photochromique"
Garrot, Damien. "Etude par microscopie en champ proche des phénomènes de migration de matière photo-induite dans les matériaux photochromiques." Paris 11, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA112046.
Full textThe main goal of this PhD work is to study photo-induced matter deformation phenomena in thin polymeric film containing azobenzene moieties. This study is based on the in-situ observation of surface relief gratings kinetic of formation under illumination by an interference pattern. The observation relies on a coupled microscopy technique, allowing to correlate photo-induced morphology with the electromagnetic field distribution, with a resolution better than the lattice pitch. The study as a function of the light polarisation and of the film thickness shows that four microscopic mechanisms are involved in the photo-induced deformation of the azo-polymer: the optical reorientation of chromophore, the local reorganization of the matrix, oriented matter transport and the photobleaching. The contribution of these different mechanisms is evidenced by two phenomena observed for the first time. First, the kinetic of deformation presents a transition between two regimes, one, at short time, in phase with the light excitation, the other, at longer time, in opposition of phase. Second, the morphology of the induced relief grating depends strongly on the film thickness. This PhD work shed light on previous and somehow contradictory results, in particular in term of response of azo-polymer films at an excitation in near filed and far field optics
Coué, Violaine. "Étude de matériaux hybrides organique-inorganique photochromiques à base de polyoxomolybdates." Nantes, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008NANT2050.
Full textInvestigations on photochromic materials, compounds that undergo a significant color change upon UV-vis irradiation, have been extensive over the last century. This stems from their potential application as ophtalmic lenses, printing, cosmetics, switches and sensors, optical data storage… While pure organic and inorganic photochromic materials have been known for a long time, hybrid organic-inorganic materials receive much attention only recently. Hybrid organic-inorganic materials based on structurally well-defined polyoxomolybdates (Mo-POMs) and organoammonium cations are potential photochromic materials, when the building blocks are linked via hydrogen bonds interaction. These compounds exhibit a high degree of organization, which favors the characterization of the organic-inorganic interface. The topological versatility of both organoammonium cations and Mo-POMs blocks enables a large range of original hybrid self-assembled frameworks with tunable dimensionality and photochromic properties. Namely, the mineral entity can be designed by playing with the nature of the countercation, the pH, the temperature, the cation/molybdate ratio, …, as we discuss for the HDBU+, H2DABCO2+ and H2pipz2+ containing systems. Moreover, we evidence that the photogenerated color of the material strongly depends on the inorganic anions, while the kinetics of the coloration change is influenced by the nature of the organoammonium cation. The topology of the hydrogen-bond subnetwork will determine the material ability to transit towards a photogenerated state under illumination
Bénard, Sophie. "Synthèse et étude de matériaux organique-inorganiques bidimensionnels associant ferromagnétisme, propriétés optiques non linéaires et photochromisme." Paris 11, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA112364.
Full textThis work deals with the synthesis and the study of materials combining magnetic properties with optical properties (nonlinear optic [NLO] or photochromism). In the first chapter, we summarize the basic principles governing the optical activity of molecules, and give a non-exhaustive survey of the investigations in the field of NLO and photochromism. The lamellar magnetic systems utilized are then described. A last section is dedicated to the interactions that might occur between physical properties existing in this material. The second chapter reports the attempts carried out to achieve combination in the same material of NLO and magnetic properties. Various kinds of hyperpolarizable chromophores, derived from tetraphenylphosphonium cation or silbazolium type, have been synthesized and used for the construction of 2D molecular-based magnets C[MᴵᴵCr(C₂O₄)₃, (Mᴵᴵ = Mn, Fe, CO, Ni, Cu). The large number of compounds obtained has been characterized by IR, UV visible spectroscopy, X-ray powder diffraction. Their magnetic and NLO properties have been measured, and two structures have been solved. The results are discussed in an attempt of establishing "structure-NLO property" relationships. Finally, various attempts at characterizing a possible interaction between magnetic and NLO properties are discussed. The third chapter reports the synthesis and the study of all compounds exhibiting photochromic properties, and their association with magnetic properties. The first section deals with the photochromic species: spiropyran and spirooxazine cations. They exhibit photochromism both in solution and in the crystalline sate. This specificity has never been observed in this family of compounds. Section II presents the synthesis and the study of molecular-based magnets containing these spiropyran cations. Evidence of a reciprocal influence between both properties is presented. In section III, intercalation of the same photochromic cations into MPS₃layered phases is reported
Rebière-Galy, Nicole. "Synthèse et caractérisation de nouveaux chromènes photochromiques liés à un motif thiophénique : Application à des matériaux organiques conducteurs." Aix-Marseille 2, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998AIX22092.
Full textChevrier, Véronique. "Optimisation des propriétés photoréfractives du matériau Bi₁₂GeO₂₀ : modélisation de la croissance par simulation numérique, dopage au cuivre et élaboration de couches minces." Bordeaux 1, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994BOR10523.
Full textChahine, Joe. "Matériaux moléculaires à propriétés multiples (transition de spin, conductivité électrique et photochromisme) : synthèse et mise en forme." Toulouse 3, 2011. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/1312/.
Full textThe aim of this work is to "build" multifunctional molecular materials, by combining two molecular building blocks. The first one brings magnetic properties, like spin transition and the second one electrical or photochromic properties. These materials will also be used in devices and therefore we will focus on their processing. In this work, the spin transition compounds are FeIII complexes bearing Schiff based ligand (sal2trien, qsal, salEen) or FeII complexes containing triazoles (trz) or bi(pyrazol-1-yl)pyridyne (bpp) ligands. Electrical properties are brought by the bisdithiolene units Ni(dmit)2 (dmit = 1,3-dithia-2-thione-4,5-dihiolate) or by a coordination polymer with the linking polydentate ligands ethylenetetrathiolate (MC2S4)nx- (M = NiII, CuII, FeIII, ZnII, CoII). Photochromic mononitrosyl complexes [Fe(CN)5NO]2- or [RuCl5NO]2- are used in this work. Complexes [CTS][Ni(dmit)2]x (CTS) [FeII({4'-R}2-1-bpp)2]2+ (R = H, Br) or [FeII(3-bpp)2]2+ with x > 1 are synthesized by the combination of [Ni(dmit)]n- (n = 1, 2) with various spin transition complexes. The magnetic behavior of these compounds depends on the charge of the counter ion in the corresponding starting materials. Their electrical properties are studied: they all show semi conductive behavior. In order to resynthesize [Fe(sal2trien)][Ni(dmit)2] (a complex which presents a full spin crossover with a pronounced hysteresis loop of 30 K, centered at 245 K), five novel polymorphs were obtained. The influence of angular distortions and the nature of intermolecular contacts on the magnetic response are highlighted in these compounds. The combination of spin transition entities ([FeIII(qsal)2)]+ or [FeIII(R-salEen)2]+ (R = H ; 3-MeO)) with photochromic entities ([Fe(CN)5NO]2- or [RuCl5NO]2-) led to various compounds with remarkable magnetic properties (such as LIESST and reverse-LIESST effect). Processing of molecular materials is an important challenge. In order to obtain the material in a useable form, the spin crossover coordination polymer [Fe(Htrz)2(trz)](BF4) has been embedded in a silica matrix. The complex has been obtained as nanoparticles and retained its magnetic properties in the composite. The use of ionic liquid as structuring agent in the synthesis of (NiC2S4)n resulted in the first conductive coordination polymer as nanoparticles. We prepared stable colloid solutions containing nanoparticles with adjustable size, (unlike the "bulk" polymer) which will therefore offer new perspectives on their applications in devices and nanoelectronics industry
Bourdin, Marie. "Poudres et films à base d'oxyde de tungstène WO3 pour applications photoniques : photochromisme et électrochromisme." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020BORD0013.
Full textIn this study, polyol synthesis is used in order to obtain nanostructured tungsten oxides with a slight oxygen sub-stoichiometry (WO3-x). The particles obtained are blue and have interesting optical properties due to the presence of W5+ ions. The heat treatments of these particles at different temperatures or under different atmospheres allow the modification of their chemical composition and so their optical properties, therefore their color; their hue is ranging from pale yellow for compounds annealed under an oxidizing atmosphere and having only W6+ ions, to black for particles annealed under a reducing atmosphere creating free electrons. Electrochromic and photochromic properties have been characterized on thick or thin films. Thus, the thick films of blue, black and yellow particles show different electroactivities when an electric current is applied. The study of the thin films of WO3-x and “sandwich” film of WO3-x + Ta2O5 reveals an astonishing capacity of our films to absorb in the near infrared range during the photoreduction of the W6+ ions into W5+ ions under UV irradiation. The absorption curves show that photochromism is associated with three absorption phenomena of different energies for the WO3-x film and two phenomena for the “sandwich” film. The study on the reversibility of the phenomenon has also shown a very good ability of our films to reoxidize (discolour) in the ambient air without any thermal or chemical treatment
Gaeva, Elena B. "Thermal equilibrium, photochromism and acidicromism of some spirooxazines of phenanthroline and naphtalene." Toulouse 3, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006TOU30086.
Full textMerocyanines derive from the spiro bond cleavage of photochromic spirooxazines. Although merocyanines are generally unstable, appropriate conditions can stabilize them. Two series of spirophenanthrolinoxazines and spironaphthoxazines bearing the O-Alk chain in position 5 have been studied. According to their structures, different techniques allow to open the spiroform and to stabilize the merocyanine. For spirooxazines of phenanthroline series, the merocyanine content raises significantly with the solvent polarity. For spironaphthoxazines, protonation turns the solution red and negative photochromism has been observed under visible light irradiation. Numerical modelling has been applied to analyse the recorded data within the two series. Several interesting photochromic parameters have been determined. The investigated properties have great potential applications for future specific sensors or logic elements
Bolle, Patricia. "Nouveaux matériaux hybrides organiques-inorganiques photochromes et/ou photoluminescents à base de polyoxométallates." Thesis, Nantes, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018NANT4052/document.
Full textPolyoxometalates (POMs) are anionic molecular oxides building blocks of transition metals which exhibit a wide variety of chemical composition and structure. They also possess specific redox and optical properties and they can be combined via ionic and covalent approaches to photochromic and/or photoluminescent organic molecules to design new photoactive hybrid organic-inorganic materials. This innovating coupling is an attractive opportunity to drastically tune or improve the photophysical properties of organic molecules in the solid-state and it constitutes a promising approach for the elaboration of efficient photoadressable devices. In a first part, new photoswitchable materials have been developped by combining POMs with a cationic diarylethene or by incorporating photochromic POM-spiropyran entities into polymeric matrices. In a second part, new luminescent hybrid systems were designed by assembling POMs with a phosphorescent iridium (III) complex or a fluorescent phospholium which shows Aggregation-Induced Emission (AIE) properties. Finally, a third part identifies different assembly strategies to develop multifunctional POM materials, coupling photochromism and photoluminescence. Among them, a new approach has been explored in particular to develop supramolecular assemblies that combine intrinsically luminescent POMs incorporating lanthanide cation with photochromic organic molecules
Cormary, Benoît. "Photocommutation à l'état solide dans les complexes de ruthénium à ligand nitrosyle : vers la réalisation de matériaux composites photochromes." Toulouse 3, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009TOU30074.
Full textPhotochromic compounds can be integrated in very high capacity systems for optical data storage. Photochromic mononitrosyl ruthenium complexes have been studied in this work. They present long-lived metastable states produced upon irradiation at low temperature. The photochromic properties result from coordination changes of nitrosyl ligand. At first, influence of structural elements (as counter-ion, ligands, intermolecular contacts) on photochromic response has been studied. A photocrystallographic study on [RuCl(NO)py4](PF6)2. 1/2H2O evidenced a total solid state photocommutation, observed for the first time on this kind of complexes. New compounds combining photochromic and magnetic properties have been synthesised from the association of ruthenium complexe with magnetic anions such as [MX4]2- or [M'(CN6)]3- (M= Ni, Mn, Cu, Co and M'= Fe, Cr) and with magnetic network such as [MCr(ox)3]- (M = Ni, Cu, Co ; Mn and Zn) or Mn2P2S6. Processing of this kind of complexes is an important challenge. In order to obtain the material in a useable form, mononitrosyl complexes have been embedded in various matrices. The complexes have been obtained as crystalline nanoparticles included in new photochromic composite materials