Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Matériaux composite de l'étain'
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the top 50 dissertations / theses for your research on the topic 'Matériaux composite de l'étain.'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Browse dissertations / theses on a wide variety of disciplines and organise your bibliography correctly.
Mouyane, Mohamed. "Nouveaux matériaux composites pour électrodes négatives à base d'étain." Montpellier 2, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008MON20180.
Full textMouyane, Mohamed. "NOUVEAUX MATERIAUX COMPOSITES POUR ELECTRODES NÉGATIVES A BASE D'ETAIN." Phd thesis, Université Montpellier II - Sciences et Techniques du Languedoc, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00357324.
Full textL'objectif de cette thèse consiste à élaborer de nouveaux matériaux composites, synthétisés par dispersion ex situ de l'étain dans une matrice inactive (CaSiO3).
Les performances du composite de référence sélectionné ‘‘Sn-0,4 CaSiO3'' sont intéressantes : capacité massique réversible de 480 mAh.g-1 et faible polarisation de 140 mV. Cependant, la perte au premier cycle (146 mAh.g-1) est encore trop importante et la tenue en cyclage insuffisante. Pour comprendre les causes de ces deux phénomènes nous avons entrepris l'étude détaillée du mécanisme mis en jeu au cours du premier cycle de restructuration en couplant différentes techniques expérimentales.
Les études montrent que le régime influe sur l'étape de restructuration. En régime C/50, la formation d'alliages intermédiaires stables, riches en étain, type LiSn, entraîne une restructuration moins performante que celle réalisée en régime C/10.
Nous avons montré que la modification de la matrice de dispersion joue un rôle important sur les paramètres électrochimiques et en particulier sur la perte au premier cycle. Ainsi l'utilisation d'un borosilicate de sodium, plus conducteur, réduit nettement cette perte (90 mAh.g-1).
Debeaux, Sébastien. "Récupération d'énergie issue des déformations de structures aéronautiques à l'aide de matériaux piézoélectriques." Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/6169.
Full textCormary, Benoît. "Photocommutation à l'état solide dans les complexes de ruthénium à ligand nitrosyle : vers la réalisation de matériaux composites photochromes." Toulouse 3, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009TOU30074.
Full textPhotochromic compounds can be integrated in very high capacity systems for optical data storage. Photochromic mononitrosyl ruthenium complexes have been studied in this work. They present long-lived metastable states produced upon irradiation at low temperature. The photochromic properties result from coordination changes of nitrosyl ligand. At first, influence of structural elements (as counter-ion, ligands, intermolecular contacts) on photochromic response has been studied. A photocrystallographic study on [RuCl(NO)py4](PF6)2. 1/2H2O evidenced a total solid state photocommutation, observed for the first time on this kind of complexes. New compounds combining photochromic and magnetic properties have been synthesised from the association of ruthenium complexe with magnetic anions such as [MX4]2- or [M'(CN6)]3- (M= Ni, Mn, Cu, Co and M'= Fe, Cr) and with magnetic network such as [MCr(ox)3]- (M = Ni, Cu, Co ; Mn and Zn) or Mn2P2S6. Processing of this kind of complexes is an important challenge. In order to obtain the material in a useable form, mononitrosyl complexes have been embedded in various matrices. The complexes have been obtained as crystalline nanoparticles included in new photochromic composite materials
Tadlaoui, Samir. "Influence de l'état de la réticulation de la matrice thermodurcissable (soc) sur les propriétés mécaniques des matériaux composites obtenus : expérimentation et modélisation." Saint-Etienne, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994STET4009.
Full textLee, Jung-Ryul. "Mise en oeuvre de techniques laser interférométriques en vue de l'analyse expérimentale des matériaux et des structures : application aux composites." Saint-Etienne, EMSE, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004EMSEA001.
Full textThis work is aimed at reporting about a useful comparison result related to the practical applications of the laser interferometry techniques in the field of solid mechanics. Part I gegin with the development of speckle shearography and moiré interferometry and the review of grating shearography. For each technique, performances such as signal-to-noise ratio, sensitivity, spatial resolution and resolution are defined and evaluated with the actual experimental image data. We also study how the optical or numerical differentiation increment and the low-pass filtering affect each performance. In part II, the three laser interferometric techniques are theoretically compared. Finally, the two applications are discussed in part III. In the first application, grating shearography is selected for investigating the basic behaviour of carbon/epoxy plain-weave fabric composite with large unit cell under tensile loading. In the second application, moiré interferometry is applied to identify the elastic properties of an anisotropic composite laminate NC2. During the identification procedure, this moiré interferometry-based experimental result shows excellent stability to the spatial filtering, which assures compatibility for the determination of the mechanical parameters in practice
Chouvin, Jérôme. "L'étain dans les nouveaux matériaux anodiques pour accumulateurs "lithium-ion", structures d'accueil et mécanismes." Montpellier 2, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001MON20160.
Full textDucept, Fabrice. "Prévision de la rupture des assemblages collés composite/composite et acier/composite." Poitiers, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996POIT2366.
Full textRobert, Florent. "L'étain espèce active des nouveaux matériaux d'électrodes négatives pour batteries lithium-ion : spectrométrie Mössbauer et mécanismes." Montpellier 2, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005MON20072.
Full textMeslin, Frédéric. "Propriétés rhéologiques des composites fibres courtes à l'état fondu." Cachan, Ecole normale supérieure, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997DENS0020.
Full textJolivet, Agnès. "Dérivés diacétyléniques du bore, du phosphore et de l'étain en chimie des matériaux : synthèse et comportement thermique." Montpellier 2, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996MON20233.
Full textBarbe, Jean-Michel. "Synthèses et études physicochimiques en séries porphyriniques de l'étain, du germanium et du silicium : Elaboration de matériaux polymériques." Dijon, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985DIJOS052.
Full textSchmitt, Christian. "Étude expérimentale et simulation numérique par éléments finis de l'état de déformation et de la fissuration d'un matériau composite verre-époxyde unidirectionnel sollicité en traction-torsion." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988NAN10221.
Full textZhang, Chaowu. "Etude de l'optimisation et de la cinétique de formation de conducteurs supraconducteurs Nb3Sn obtenus par la méthode de l'étain interne." Phd thesis, Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00178091.
Full textL'épaisseur de la couche de la phase A15 mesurée dans différents monofilaments a permis de déterminer la loi de cinétique de formation selon deux modèles. Les résultats ont clairement montré que le modèle de diffusion en phase solide est en accord avec une loi de puissance n et que la valeur de n augmente avec la température de traitement et le taux d'étain dans le fil composite.
He, Siyuan. "Mousses métalliques et métal poreux polymère composite (MPPC) : élaboration et comportement mécanique." Troyes, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004TROY0011.
Full textAmong the various types of existing foams, we investigate the aluminium foam prepared with infiltration technique. In order to improve their mechanical behavior and especially their energy absorption capacity under impact, we introduced various polymers into the pores to engender a new composite Bi-material: Metal Porous Polymer Composite (MPPC). The principal goal of this study consists of the preparation of aluminium foam and composites (MPPC) and the exploitation upon their mechanical properties under load compressive and impact. For this aim and based on a bibliographical study, we designed and installed necessary equipment to prepare the materials. In order to predict and control the porosity of the aluminium foam, a simplified and idealized physical model was established. In consequence, the mechanical behavior of materials was studied with static compression tests. For obtain necessary information to choose the appropriate foam or composite in the real occasion, the influence of the structural parameters on the mechanical response was investigated. Moreover, a numerical simplified model was proposed to establish the relation between the structure of cellule and the elastic module. In the last part, the dynamic properties of foam and composite were studied under point impact. In the same way, we studied the influence of the structural parameters and the conditions of tests on the responses of materials under impact
Dilintas, Georgios. "Étude mécanique et numérique de liaisons manchonnées en matériaux composites." Châtenay-Malabry, Ecole centrale de Paris, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987ECAP0018.
Full textRatiarisoa, Lisa Barbara. "Etude de matériaux naturels 2D : Potentialités d'utilisation comme renfort de matériaux composites." Thesis, Antilles, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019ANTI0393.
Full textFacing the worldwide environmental, social and economic crisis awareness, the possibility ofreinforcing composites by a lignocellulosic textile reinforcement, the coconut leaf sheaths fromCocos nucifera L. was assessed in this work. The exploratory phase of sheaths characterizationhas shown that this resource forms a two-way textile made up of cellulose mostly. In contrast toclassic vegetable reinforcements, it is less hygroscopic, lighter with best tensile mechanicalproperties in preferential fibers directions. About the experimental campaign on the treatmentseffect, xylanase and laccase treated sheaths show a slight surface chemical change. Pyrolysedfibers are more hydrophobic but less resistant translating a damaging of them. Lime treatedsheaths show a higher thermal stability. Thus, raw sheaths were retained to reinforceparticleboards, the temperature of panels manufacture being lower than the start degradationtemperature of the raw sheaths. The two-faces panel covered with raw sheaths top part forms themost promising candidate to develop thermal eco-insulator. Some of its mechanical and physicalproperties fulfill american and european standards. Its thermal properties are similar to the onesnoticed in the bibliography for low density lignocellulosic particleboards
Jouve, Christophe. "Etude de matériaux composites dans des structures : métal-composite-métal, métal-composite-semiconducteur : application aux capteurs en phase gazeuse." Lyon 1, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993LYO10232.
Full textLedru, Yohann. "Etude de la porosité dans les matériaux composites stratifiés aéronautiques." Thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009INPT048G/document.
Full textLong fiber reinforced epoxy matrix composite laminate manufacturing process is divided into several stages. The most critical one is the polymerization stage. If not optimized, defects in the bulk material such as voids can occur. The aim of this work is to investigate the void formation and evolution processes in order to improve the thermoset laminates quality in minimizing the void ratio. Two phenomena causing void formation have been identified. The first is the mechanical entrapment of gas bubbles between prepreg plies during the lay up. Second is a thermodynamical one. Solvents and humidity absorbed by the prepreg during its manufacturing can be evaporated by increasing the temperature. Then, it has been shown that the vaccum bag lay up permeability in combination with the vaccum pressure could favour the gas washing out. In parallel, thermo-mechanical and diffusion models are coupled to obtain an accurate void size prediction along temperature and pressure applied during the polymerisation. In fact, these two parameters induce variations of the gas bubble radius inside resin. The first experimental results seem to validate qualitatively the calculated void size behaviour. Indeed, hydrostatic pressure imposed during polymerization plays a very important role on gas bubble shrinkage. Finally, a new experimental setup using image analyses has been developed to measure as accurate as possible the volume void ratio. Under specific conditions, stereology allows to extrapolate 2D results to 3D ones. Void ratios obtained with this method are in good agreement with acid digestion results. Complementary morphometric studies on void shapes have given new information about the heterogeneous void distribution in the specimen and also on the statistical void size distribution versus polymerization conditions
Thomas, Benjamin. "Matériaux composites Argent/Carbone à propriétés thermiques adaptatives." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019BORD0140.
Full textDue to their high thermal conductivity, metal matrix composite materials reinforced with carbon allotropes exhibit a high potential application for thermal management in electronics. This work deals with the elaboration of new synthesis process to produce Ag/rGO (silver/reduced Graphene Oxide) and Ag/GF (silver/Graphite Flakes) composite materials. This process, based on “molecular level mixing” methods, makes it possible to obtain Ag/rGO composite powders with individualized nano-reinforcements up to a concentration of 1 % in volume. Applied to the synthesis of Ag/GF composite materials, it allows to synthesize dense composite materials with a graphite concentration up to 70 % in volume and with a thermal conductivity up to 675 Wm-1.K-1 (426 Wm-1.K-1 for pure silver). Moreover, it has been shown that Ag/GF powders elaboration process has a strong influence on the structural anisotropy of bulk materials as well as on the extrinsic thermal boundary resistance Ag-graphite. The process developed in this work allows Ag/GF composite materials to reach thermal conductivity up to 19 % higher than the same materials synthesized by conventional mixing powder process. However, like most metal/GF composite materials (with Cu, Al, Mg and Fe matrix), thermal expansion of Ag/GF composite materials shows “anomalies”. Indeed, the anisotropy of their coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) is opposed to their structural anisotropy, their CTE has an abnormally high dependence on temperature and these materials exhibit dimensional instability during thermal cycling. While it is commonly admit in literature that these “anomalies” are the consequence of internal stresses generated during materials densification (because of CTE mismatch between matrix and reinforcement), this phenomenon remains poorly understood and difficult to control. A significant part of this work is devoted to the study of these anomalies and especially to the study of the influence of matrix mechanical properties on composite materials thermal expansion. Thanks to EBSD, XRD, instrumented microhardness and microscopy analysis, key phenomena responsible of thermomechanical behavior of Ag/GF composite materials have been identified. Especially, it has been shown that a large part of the internal stresses is relaxed by plastic deformation of silver matrix and pseudo-plastic deformation of graphite during the post-densification cooling step of the materials. Thus, the control of mechanical properties of metallic matrix (especially of its elastic limit) makes it possible to attenuate the anomalies in CTE and confers a better dimensional stability to Ag / GF composite materials during thermal cycling. Finally, the addition of rGO in silver matrix of Ag/GF composites materials has also reduced material dimensional instability by up to 50 % thanks to the damping properties of rGO
Lesseur, Julien. "Imagerie 3D des matériaux et modélisations numériques : application aux multi-matériaux ferroélectriques." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015BORD0178/document.
Full textThis thesis is focused on the conception of new tunable ferroelectric/dielectric compositematerials. Dielectric granules (MgO, TiO2) obtained by spray-drying are dispersed in a ferroelectricmatrix (Ba1-xSrxTiO3). Mixing powder is then densified by Spark Plasma Sintering (SPS). An originalapproach is developed in order to determine parameters linking the microstructure to the physicalproperties for each step of the elaboration - characterization - modelling optimization procedure.The adopted strategy is based on i) specific SPS properties which provide an accurate control of theinterfaces between each components; ii) potentialities offered by X-ray microtomography to describethe internal 3D microstructure of the composite materials during the key steps of their elaboration.Associated with powerful image processing tools, it allows to obtain relevant elements guiding theoptimization and understanding of the final properties; iii) the development of a 3D numerical modelof tunability applied directly to the real geometry which has been extracted from 3Dmicrotomography images. This step is essential to understand the origin of the redistribution of theelectric field between the different phases. Numerical results are directly compared to experimentalmeasurements
Limaiem, Mariem. "Etude de durabilité des ouvrages en béton réparés par des matériaux composites." Thesis, Cergy-Pontoise, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019CERG1025.
Full textThe use of composite materials is widespread in the recent decades to overcome concrete structures damages. Carbone composites showed both excellent mechanical performances and great use simplicity. These materials are still polluting and expensive which is against sustainable development. This work aims to explore the possibility to substitute a Carbone composite (Carbon Fibers Reinforced Polymer CFRP) with a bio resource composite (Flax Fibers Reinforced Polymer FFRP) to repair both mechanically and physically damaged concrete.For this purpose, a detailed characterization of three products and their constituents has been carried out to estimate FFRP properties (chemical, physical and mechanical) against CFRP onesA part of this study is dedicated to compare the efficiency of repairing concrete damaged with different mechanical dame rates with the three composites. Results showed that repairing concrete with FFRP improves its mechanical performances and provides a greet ductility.The second part is devoted to explore repairing physically damaged concrete with freeze/thaw cycles by the three composites. Results showed that repairing physically damage concrete with FFRP is more efficient than mechanically damage one. This part is followed by experimental campaign allowing to rule on the sustainability of concrete repairing with CFRP. Results showed that confined concrete strength with CFRP subjected to 300 freeze/thaw cycles decreased by 50% with keeping ductile behavior. A numerical study has been conducted in parallel to perceive the different behaviors concrete generated by confinement with the three composites.Results showed that using FFRP to repair damaged concrete allowed restituting initial mechanical performances, which incite to their use instead of CFRP
Addou, Fouzi. "Métallisation de guide d'onde en matériau composite à matrice époxy par un procédé DLI-MOCVD." Thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017INPT0081/document.
Full textThe manufacturing of waveguides from insulating C fibers reinforced polymer composites necessitates to render internal surfaces electrically conductive. This can be achieved by metallization but technological bottlenecks arise due to the complex geometry and the chemical inertia of the surface. The CFRP matrix is composed of RTM6 epoxy whose glass-transition temperature equals 216 °C, limiting the choice of metallization techniques. Additionally, the surface energy of the polymer (constituting the surface of the CFRP) is low (20-40 mJ/m2) and non-polar, i.e. a poor adherence is expected for metallic coatings. A DLI-MOCVD process is used to form the metallic coating because it combines a good control of reactive fluxes, high deposition rates, and because it is relevant for the coating of three-dimensional substrates. The choice of the metal (Cu) is dictated by the anterior know-how of the research group, by the possibility to deposit at a temperature well below 216 °C, and because Cu shows an excellent electrical conductivity and a good resistance to ambient ageing. The Cu film is formed from the organometallic precursor (hfac)Cu(MHY), developed par P. Doppelt at CNRS (Paris). The precursor is diluted in anhydrous octane to make it injectable by DLI. After the mounting and implementation of the DLI-MOCVD reactor dedicated to the PhD work, a study of the chemical kinetics of the deposition from this precursor helped in the definition of the optimal conditions; noticeably the deposition temperature fixed at 195 °C. The coatings are partially covering and interfacial adherence is poor, but they are conductive. Consecutively, we identify, develop and test several pretreatments in order to modify the topography and reactivity of the CFRP surface. Based on 6 recipes, we show that mechanical anchorage is preponderant over the chemical reactivity to improve the adherence. The two best pretreatments are the solution chemistry treatment CircupositTM, and the in situ treatment with O3. At this stage of the work, Cu films are conductive and adherent but they do not wet the entire composite surface, even after long deposition duration. We then demonstrate that the injection of a Co precursor (Co2(CO)5) alternating with the Cu deposition leads to the formation of a pure metallic Cu film (> 98%) which is covering, conductive and adherent. The role of the Co precursor is not yet established. Nevertheless, we start the preliminary process industrialization studies consisting in the improvement of the growth rate and the yield. Noticeably, costs are decreased by replacing the octane solvent. With it, the Cu coating is adherent without any pretreatment of the substrate surface! The Co precursor is still necessary to ensure the proper covering of the entire surface, though. In these conditions, and after adjustments of some parameters, the first 60 mmlong waveguides are coated. The thermal cycling resistance is excellent. Therefore, waveguides length is increased to 300 mm, the minimum dimension for the radiofrequency transmission tests (final property) to be correct. The increase of length causes a complex adaptation of the process in order to guarantee the deposition of a uniform coating over the length, in terms of thickness and electrical properties. Radiofrequency tests result in a stationary waves rate < 30 dB, which is acceptable at the industrial level. Yet, losses are too important in comparison with current waveguides, but many proposals are formulated to improve our solution
Dang, Tran Thang. "Méthodes numériques pour l’homogénéisation élastodynamique des matériaux hétérogènes périodiques." Thesis, Paris Est, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PEST1046/document.
Full textThe elastodynamic homogenization theory of heterogeneous materials initiated by J.R. Willis about thirty years ago has recently received considerable attention. According to this theory which is mathematically exact, the homogenized constitutive law is non-local in space and time; the stress tensor depends not only on the strain tensor but also on the velocity; the linear momentum depends on both the velocity and the strain tensor, making appear an anisotropic mass tensor in general. These effective constitutive properties, which may be surprising from a classical mechanical point of view, turn out in fact to be very useful for the design of acoustic metamaterials and acoustic cloaks. The present work is essentially to propose and develop two efficient numerical methods for determining the effective elastodynamic properties of periodically heterogeneous materials. The first method belongs to the finite element method while the second method is based on the fast Fourier transform. These two methods are first developed for any 3D periodic microstructure and then implanted for any 2D periodic microstructure. The advantages and disadvantages of each of these two methods are compared and discussed. Using the elaborated numerical methods, the Willis theory is applied to the elastodynamic computation over the infinite heterogeneous medium and the homogenized one. The various cases of homogeneisability and non-homogeneisability are discussed
Ginsac, Nathalie. "Caractérisation de matériaux composite polyacide lactique-bioverre pour application dans la réparation osseuse." Phd thesis, INSA de Lyon, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00668698.
Full textWassereau, Thibault. "Caractérisation de matériaux composites par problème inverse vibratoire." Thesis, Le Mans, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LEMA1041/document.
Full textThe increasing use of composite materials in the industry leadsto new challenges in various areas, including non-destructiveevaluation. Common methods such as modal analysis or finiteelements are rarely appropriated to represent the complexvibratory dynamic of composite structures or quantify theirviscoelastic properties, new approaches are then needed.This thesis deals with the development and application of a localinverse vibratory method, called the Force Analysis Technique(FAT), in order to the study multilayer composites. The latterare considered to be homogeneous using the Timoshenko beamtheory, which takes shear effects into account, usually significantfor such structures. A frequency and/or spatial characterizationof the equivalent elastic parameters (Young’s modulus E, shearmodulus G and their associated loss factors) isthen possible to accurately interpret the dynamical behaviourof composite materials and also simplify their implementationin finite element software.A second approach using a corrected finite difference scheme(CFAT method) allows a similar analysis using a coarse mesh,reducing the durations of measurement and post-processing.Finally, a perspective of detection and identification of defects isconsidered. By mean of cartographies of the elastic parameters,it seems possible to infer a signature related to a kind of flaw. Adiscontinuity of the shear modulus would attest the presence ofdelamination while a reduced Young’s modulus could indicate afibre breakage, etc
Chamroune, Nabil. "Matériaux composites Aluminium/Carbone : architecture spécifique et propriétés thermiques adaptatives." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018BORD0140/document.
Full textMany carbon/metal composites are currently used in several applications. One of them concerns their use as heat sinks in microelectronics. Concerning this application, two conditions are required: a high thermal conductivity (TC) in order to evacuate the heat generated by the electronic chip and a coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) similar to the used material type of the electronic device (2-8×10-6 /K).Therefore, graphite flakes (GF; TC: 1000 W/m.K and CTE: -1×10-6 /K in the graphite plane) reinforced aluminum matrix (Al; TC: 217 W/m.K and CTE: 25×10-6 /K) composites were fabricated. These composite materials were fabricated by Powder Metallurgy (PM) and Flake Powder Metallurgy (FPM). This process, which consist to use a flattened metallic powder, helped to improve the in-plane orientation (perpendicular to the pressure direction) of GF under uniaxial pressure. Moreover, this process provided a better Al-C interface thanks to a planar contact between the matrix and the reinforcements. This resulted in an improvement of the CT from 400 W/m.K to 450 W/m.K for a reinforcement content of 50 vol.%. Nevertheless, regarding thermal dilation, CTEs of 21.8×10-6 /K and 21.7×10-6 /K were obtained by MP and FPM respectively, which is incompatible with the intended application.To overcome this problem, composite materials with multiple reinforcement were developed by solid-liquid phase sintering. Then, carbon fibers (CF) have been added to aluminum and graphite flakes. The addition of CF to GF reinforcement reduced significantly the CTE of the Al/(GF+CF) composites with a small proportion of CF, while preserving a high TC. In addition, the Al/(GF+FC) composite materials have significantly lower CTEs than the Al/CF composites with a equivalent vol.% of CF. Therefore, Al/(GF+CF) composite materials were developed by solid-liquid phase sintering to obtain a TC of 400 W/m.K (comparable to the TC of copper) and a CTE of 8×10-6 /K (comparable to the CTE of alumina). In addition, the lightweight of aluminum gives composite materials Al/C a low density (d = 2.4 g/cm3). Therefore, the composite materials developed in this study are promising as a lightweight heat sink in microelectronic industries
Attayebi, Houda. "Suivi de l'état de dispersion des nanoparticules d'argile dans un polymère par rhéo-spectroscopie." Thesis, Université Laval, 2011. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2011/28283/28283.pdf.
Full textGalicia, Alberto. "Matériaux composites : association de gels polymères et de nanoparticules magnétiques." Paris 6, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA066377.
Full textO'donnell, Benedict. "La croissance plasma de nanofils de silicium catalysée par l'étain et l'indium et applications dans les cellules solaires à jonctions radiales." Phd thesis, Ecole Polytechnique X, 2012. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00761566.
Full textRoman, Julien. "Mise en forme de matériaux carbonés biosourcés par voie liquide." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019BORD0202/document.
Full textThis work is devoted to the preparation of new bio-based carbon materials. Carbon materials, such as carbon fibers used in composites, are mainly obtained from a petroleum precursor. These precursors are expensive and not compatible with a sustainable industry. The use of a bio-based precursor available in large quantities such as lignin makes it possible to overcome limitations of petroleum based precursors. The aromatic molecular structure and high carbon content of lignin make it an ideal candidate for the production of bio-based carbon material. Lignin could be transformed into various materials such as carbon nanofibers, twisted carbon nanofibers, or carbonized composite 3D structures. These materials have been obtained from innovative techniques such as electrospinning and 3D printing. Twisting of the lignin-based-carbon nanofibers allowed for measurements of their mechanical strength. The electrochemical properties of the lignin-based twisted carbon nanofibers are interesting for potential microelectrode applications. The low microstructural order of the carbon from the carbonized lignin has been improved. Graphitization treatment or addition of carbon nanofillers contributed to this improvement. The mechanical, structural and electrical properties of nanocomposite carbon nanofibers illustrate the influence of graphene oxide on lignin. A composite effect between these two components has been observed. The 3D printing of composite inks based on lignin and graphene oxide has been reported for the first time in order to elaborate dense, organized and electrically conductive 3D carbonized structures
Lapointe, Philippe. "Développement d'un composite magnétique doux avec revêtement de ferrite nanométrique." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/21343.
Full textElectric motors, transformers, electromagnets and many other electric devices require materials that can provide a path for magnetic field lines while minimizing losses that they generate. Materials used for these applications are called soft magnetic materials. One way to minimize losses in such materials is to increase their resistivity. In order to do so, highly resistive materials are coupled with ferromagnetic materials. These are called soft magnetic composites. For more than one hundred years, the most common type of soft magnetic composite was made by stacking sheets of rolled iron separated by a thin layer of insulating materials. These were very simple and efficient but also had their share of drawbacks. During the last decades, a new technique based on powder metallurgy was developed. It consists in coating iron particles with an isolating material prior to compaction. This type of materials can be highly resistive. The objective of this project was to develop a soft magnetic composite using metal powders in which the insulating materials would be nanometric NiZn ferrite. Two different techniques were studied in order to achieve this goal. The first one consists in coating iron powders with NiZn ferrite using ferrite plating and the second one consists adding nanoparticles to iron powder. The results obtained throughout this study showed that these two techniques could certainly be used to develop metal powder based soft magnetic composites. More specifically, magnetic weight losses of 11,9 W/kg and 93 W/kg were obtained at 60 Hz and 400 Hz respectively for components prepared using the ferrite plating technique while losses of 13,5 W/kg and 137 W/kg were obtained at 60 Hz and 400 Hz respectively for components prepared by adding ferrite nanoparticles.
Min, Kyung-Tak. "Optimisation d'un cylindre en sandwich composite soumis à des sollicitations combinées." Compiègne, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985COMPI201.
Full textEcochard, Yvan. "Élaboration de polymères 100 % biosourcés pour matériaux composites à impact environnemental réduit." Thesis, Montpellier, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019MONTS070.
Full textDIAM Bouchage develops composites from cork flour and binder in order to produce technological cork-stoppers carried out by a molding process. To get rid of the use of isocyanates for polyurethanes synthesis, new pathways for 100% biobased polymers without the use of CMR substances are considered. As the most promising route for Non-Isocyanate PolyUrethanes (NIPUs) synthesis, Polyhydroxyurethanes (PHUs) have been chosen. The presented study concerns the synthesis, the characterization and the formulation of a new PHU binder from cyclocarbonates and amines.Among available biobased reactants and synthetic pathways, few monomers have been selected in accordance with specifications. This has led to PHUs materials and cork-stoppers development to identify the best formulations. New hybrids routes have finally been developed to overcome PHUs limitations such as reactivity and conversion. Acrylates have been used as reactive additives or cross-linkers for PHU-amino telechelic prepolymers. New cyclic carbonates monomers of low viscosity and high functionality have also been synthesized to solve process issues
Jaillet, Fanny. "Synthèse, formulation et caractérisation de matrices vinylester biosourcées pour l’élaboration de matériaux composites par pultrusion." Thesis, Montpellier, Ecole nationale supérieure de chimie, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014ENCM0012/document.
Full textThe study presented concern the development of composite material (polymer matrix + fibres) in order to produce windows profiles by a pultrusion process. In the context of this work, several biobased vinylester polymers have been developed as matrix of the composite material. A vinylester resin is formed in two steps: firstly the synthesis of vinylester prepolymer, corresponding to a (meth)acrylated monomer carrying an ester function and having polymerizable double bonds at its ends. Next, the formulation of vinylester material is performed by mixing the vinylester prepolymer with a copolymerizable monomer, called reactive diluent. Finally, the material is crosslinked by radical polymerization, using a radical initiator.First, a model study was conducted: in the synthesis of vinylester prepolymer from a template molecule (DGEBA) to the formulation of a vinylester material by radical polymerization. Severals bioresources were then studied in order to replace the DGEBA which is from bisphenol A, compound CMR, group 2. The strategy was first to study marketed bioresources, such as vegetable oils and cardanol which is a by-product of the cashew nut shell industry. Next, a non-biobased but not listed compound, of the name of TACTIX has also been studied. Finally, bioresources not currently marketed, such as isosorbide which is a sugar derivative and phloroglucinol, which is extracted of bark of trees have also been studied for the synthesis of VE prepolymers and VE materials. The reactive diluent the most currently used is styrene, which is a very volatile and harmful compound. Several reactive diluents were tested with the VE prepolymers synthesized in order to replace the styrene by compounds with low volatility and less harmful. Finally, three composites materials reinforced with flax fibres, were made by mini-pultrusion, from the systems studied (VE prepolymer synthesized and reactive diluent)
Blanquet, Pierrick. "Etude de l'endommagement des matériaux composites aéronautiques à partir de techniques ultrasonores." Valenciennes, 1997. https://ged.uphf.fr/nuxeo/site/esupversions/e46499c3-09ff-4aab-84aa-fc4e6b32ad80.
Full textMalenfant, Jean-Charles. "Influence de l’endommagement sur la perméabilité des matériaux composites : application à la conception d’une capacité cryogénique sans liner." Thesis, Bordeaux 1, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012BOR14550/document.
Full textThis thesis deals with hybrid propulsion launcher systems studied by the CNES (Centre National d'Etudes Spatiales). The performance of the launcher implies its lightening and in this work, the use of a cryogenic composite linerless tank is evaluated. Three functional requirements must be satisfied: the compatibility between the composite material and the liquid oxygen (LOX), the tank gas-tightness and the strength under pressure.The LOX compatibility of composite materials implies high thermal conductivity of the composite, and consequently of the fiber reinforcement. This theoretical result is confirmed by experiments.The main scientific challenge concerns the damage influence on the composite permeability. Specific experimental devices allow determining the damage evolution (transverse cracking, delamination, opening crack) and the composite permeability. A predictive composite permeability model is applied to a composite wall under thermomechanical load: this model includes a ply-scale damage model, a predictive opening crack model and a model of flow through porous media. The relevance of the model is validated through the realization of a linerless prototype tank and the associated tests which correlate damage and permeability
Griesser, Aurélia. "Réalisation de matériaux composites à conductivité thermique accrue pour l’aéronautique." Thesis, Bordeaux 1, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012BOR14699/document.
Full textTo reduce pollution emitted by air transport, high temperature materials used in hot parts of aircraft engines could be replaced by ceramic matrix composites (CMC). To integrate these materials, they must support the harsh environment encountered inside the engine (temperature ≥ 1400 ° C, oxidation / corrosion), while having properties equivalent to current superalloys (thermal conductivity, mechanical strength). This work was aimed to establish a material architecture presenting all properties required, and to develop and characterize this composite. This procedure has helped to identify the phenomena involved in the development of composites. Various optimizations, as process, material architecture and composition, have lead to the establishment of a dense CMC. Measured properties have proved that these materials can be used for the intended application
Li, Min. "Preparation of composite materials for high-performance supercapacitors." Thesis, Lille 1, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020LIL1I011.
Full textSupercapacitors, as energy storage devices, have drawn great attention in our daily life to bridge the gap between batteries and capacitors. Therefore, the preparation of high-performance material electrodes for supercapacitors plays a vital role in the future technological developments. In this context, layered double hydroxides (LDHs) and Ni(OH)2 have been recognized as promising electrodes for supercapacitors, owing to their fast redox reaction and battery-type behavior.The Chapter 1 of my PhD work gives a brief historic overview, principles and mechanism of energy storage, electrode materials of supercapacitors and the corresponding characterization methods. In Chapter 2, after a brief introduction on LDHs and their investigation as electrode materials in supercapacitors, we summarize our results obtained on Ni-based LDHs as electrodes for supercapacitors. Firstly, NiFe LDHs on Ni foam (NF) coated with reduced graphene oxide (NiFe LDHs/rGO/NF) was prepared by electrochemical deposition method. NiFe LDHs/rGO/NF achieved enhanced specific capacity (585 C g-1 at a current density of 5 A g-1). Additionally, a flexible asymmetric supercapacitor was assembled using NiFe LDHs/rGO/NF as the cathode and mesoporous carbon (MC) coated on NF as the anode. The supercapacitor exhibited an energy density of 17.71 Wh kg-1 at a power density of 348.49 W kg-1. Secondly, NiAl LDHs coated on carbon spheres (CS) supported by Ni foam (NiAl LDHs@CS/NF) electrodes were synthesized by a facile hydrothermal method. The performance of the prepared materials as binder-free electrodes in supercapacitors was assessed. The NiAl LDHs@CS/NF electrode achieved the largest areal capacity (1042 mC cm-2), as compared to the areal capacity values attained by NiFe LDHs@CS/NF (705.8 mC cm-2) and NiCr LDHs@CS/NF (814.9 mC cm-2) at 1 mA cm-2. Therefore, a hybrid supercapacitor device comprising NiAl LDHs@CS/NF as the positive electrode and N-doped reduced graphene/NF as the negative electrode was assembled, which attained an energy density of 43 μWh cm−2 at a power density of 0.805 mW cm−2. The hybrid supercapacitor was successfully applied to operate a windmill device continuously for 32 s. Finally, NiMnCr LDHs-carbon spheres modified Ni foam (NiMnCr LDHs@CS/NF) nanocomposite was prepared using a two-step hydrothermal process and exhibited a high specific capacity of 569 C g-1 at 3 A g-1 with good reversibility and stability. Furthermore, a hybrid supercapacitor was fabricated using NiMnCr LDHs@CS/NF as the positive electrode and FeOOH coated on NF (FeOOH/NF) as the negative electrode. The energy storage device reached an energy density of 48 Wh kg-1 at a power density of 402.7 W kg-1. In Chapter 3, Ni(OH)2@CuO@Cu foam binder-free electrodes were fabricated by a two-step process at room temperature with various deposition times (30, 50, 90, 150 and 200s). Among all the samples, Ni(OH)2@CuO@Cu-150 exhibited the largest areal capacity of 7063 mC cm-2 at 20 mA cm-2, and was therefore chosen as the positive electrode in a hybrid supercapacitor. Using N-doped reduced graphene oxide on nickel foam (N-rGO/NF) as the negative electrode, a hybrid supercapacitor was assembled. It displayed good flexibility, cycling stability and high areal energy density of 130.4 μWh cm−2 at a power density of 1.6 mW cm−2.In conclusion, all the results obtained in this thesis imply the promising potential application of Ni-based hydroxide composites as energy storage devices and provide valuable highlights to the exploration of new composite materials for supercapacitor electrodes in future works (Chapter 4)
Bart, Alexis. "Caractérisation expérimentale d'un joint d'adhésif structural et d'un matériau composite à fibres courtes orientées aléatoirement." Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/5497.
Full textMoulin, Jean-Michel. "Etude d'un nouveau composite à base de bois renforcé par fibre de verre : le L.C.R. (lamellé-collé renforcé)." Metz, 1989. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/UPV-M/Theses/1989/Moulin.J_M.SMZ8911.pdf.
Full textFerretti, Manuel. "Non-linear mechanics of generalized continua and applications to composite materials." Thesis, Lyon, INSA, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014ISAL0100.
Full textGeneralized continuum theories may be good candidates to model micro-structured materials in a more appropriate way (both in the static and dynamic regime) since they are able to account for the description of the macroscopic manifestation of the presence of microstructure in a rather simplified way. The present manuscript is organized as follows: In chapter 1 a general description of fibrous composite reinforcements is given, with particular attention to the introduction of standard experimental tests which are used to characterize the micro- and macro-structural mechanical properties of such materials. In chapter 2 some fundamental issues concerning classical continuum mechanical models are recalled. Moreover, second gradient continuum models are introduced and discussed by means of the Principle of Virtual Work. Since the applications targeted in this manuscript are limited to static cases, we refrain here to treat the more general case including inertia effects. In chapter 3 we start analyzing some discrete and continuum models for the description of the mechanical behavior of 2D woven composites. At this stage of the manuscript, we want to show how some discrete numerical simulations allowed us to unveil some very special deformation modes related to the effect of the local bending of fibers on the overall macroscopic deformation of fibrous composite reinforcements. Such discrete simulations showed rather clearly that microscopic bending of the fibers cannot be neglected when considering the deformation of fibrous composite reinforcements. For this reason, we subsequently introduced a continuum model which is able to account for such microstructure-related effects by means of second gradient terms appearing in the strain energy density. In chapter 4 we reduce the general continuum mechanical framework introduced in Chapter 2 to the particular case of 2D continua. We put a strong accent on the geometric interpretation of second gradient deformation measures which are seen to be directly related to the in-plane curvatures of suitable coordinate lines. Such coordinate lines will be interpreted in the next chapters are the yarns of the considered 2D woven composite, so acquiring a direct physical sense. In chapter 5 we introduce a strong kinematical hypothesis on the admissible deformations, assuming that the yarns composing the woven reinforcements are inextensible. Such assumption allows us to build-up a simplified first gradient model for the behavior of 2D woven reinforcements which is still representative of their mechanical behavior. A constrained least Action principle is proposed and the associated integral Euler-Lagrange equations are presented. A numerical method allowing to show some solutions concerning the case of bias extension test is implemented in Mathematica and the obtained results are discussed
Joseph, Eric. "Modélisation du comportement en fatigue d'un composite stratifié verre-epoxy : aspects théorique et expérimental." Besançon, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995BESA2029.
Full textThe aim of the study is to characterize the fatigue behaviour of a fibre glass reinforced-epoxy resin laminate [+55/-55] filament wound pipes. To this end, two ways have been investigated. At once, large cycles number fatigue for which a semi-empirical lifetime and damage level forecast modelling has been developped, based upon the stiffness lost notion. Ln the oligocyclic field, the fatigue behaviour aspect is preponderant. Then, the assessment of the material state can be performed through the behaviour modelling. The adjusment to the fatigue case has been done completing the damage kinetlc of the basic modelling. This unified fatigue-creep kinetic may further allows to foresee the creep behaviour from fatigue tests. This work is founded upon an important experimental study constitued with tensile, internal pressure and internal pressure with end closed tests. These experiments involved the design and the perfecting of specific devices
Ungaro, Giovanni. "Matériaux innovants pour lasers à 1,3 " micron " m sur substrat de GaAs." Paris, ENST, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001ENST0029.
Full textGuyard, Aurélien. "Rétention d'encre par des matériaux poreux nanostructurés : interaction de surface polymère/SiO2 et structure des composites formés." Thèse, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, 2004. http://depot-e.uqtr.ca/1931/1/000110365.pdf.
Full textEngozogho, Anris Starlin Peguy. "Etude des produits connexes de la transformation industrielle du bois d’Okoumé du Gabon : analyse et mise en œuvre de nouveaux matériaux." Thesis, Pau, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020PAUU3005.
Full textThis thesis work was organized around the promotion of related products from the first and second processing of wood from the Congo Basin in general and Aucoumea Klaineana Pierre (Okoumé) from Gabon in particular.Indeed, 85% of related products from this industry are incinerated 24 hours a day in the open air, the reason being the absence or the weak ways of possible valorizations.Our primary objective is to present ways of recovery capable of considerably reducing the incineration of this waste. Therefore and to answer this first issue, we proceeded first, by a chemical analysis of the three parts of the wood (bark, sapwood, heart), aiming to highlight the different molecules and their potential areas of development. The molecules mainly targeted are polyphenols. We then focused in particular on the condensed tannins extracted from Okoumé, which we characterized thermally and chemically. To observe their stickiness, including their ability to be used as a substrate for the development of a bio-sourced adhesive for the plywood and panel industry.The second recovery method highlighted is the development of a wood-plastic composite by thermocompression without having gone through a prior extrusion step. This composite can find its use in construction and internal design
Pers, Paul. "Développement et optimisation de matériaux d’électrodes et d’électrolytes, pour cellules PCFC." Thesis, Montpellier, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015MONTS193/document.
Full textThe aim of present work was to develop PCFC materials and fuel cells working in 400-600°C. The work deals with the optimization of materials and elaboration processes with the aim of decreasing the sintering temperature. In order to achieve high performances, nanostructured and architecture electrodes and optimized electrolytes have been investigated. Efficient anode support PCFCs were fabricated using wet powder spraying whiten simply method easily suitable on order to scaling-up. The maximum power densities obtained in this work are among, one of the best reported for PCFC
Abdessalem, Abir. "Etude et modélisation de l'endommagement mécanique des matériaux composites sous l'effet de l'humidité : Couplage hydrolyse et endommagement." Thesis, Paris, ENSAM, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019ENAM0042.
Full textThe present study deals with the wet durability and fatigue damage of organic matrix composite (OMC) materials. The diffusion of water in a SMC material (polyester matrix reinforced with glass fibers and particles of chalks) is first analyzed experimentally. Then it is modeled numerically under different conditions of hygrothermal aging in immersion. The physical mechanisms causing the hygrothermal damage are then identified. Decreases of different mechanical properties as a function of time and of the absorbed water content are highlighted with the identified damage phenomena. The effect of hygrothermal damage on fatigue life is then studied experimentally. A predictive model that takes into account the effects of waterborne and mechanical damage is then proposed. A coupled diffusion / mechanical calculation makes it possible to determine the overall behavior of the material. It is shown that it is possible to simulate and to follow continuously the evolution of the fatigue life of the aged material whatever the time and temperature
Han, Hongchang. "Study of agro-composite hemp/polypropylene : treatment of fibers, morphological and mechanical characterization." Thesis, Troyes, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015TROY0002/document.
Full textUsing agro fiber as reinforcement of polymer com-posites attracts numerous investigations due to the good mechanical properties and environmental benefits. Prior to blend agro fiber with polymer, chemical treatment can be employed to treat agro fiber for the purpose of reducing the hydrophilicity of fiber and improving the interfacial adhesion fi-ber/polymer matrix. In this thesis, water and alkali are utilized to treat hemp fiber firstly and then three silane agent as 3-(Trimethoxysilyl)propyl methacry-late (MPS), N-[3-(Trimethoxysilyl)propyl]aniline (PAPS) and (3-Aminopropyl)-triethoxysilane (APS) are employed to modify the hemp fiber surface. These treated or modified fibers are blended respectively with polypropylene (PP) to fabricate the hemp fiber/PP composites. The effects of these different treatments on the structure, components and hydro-philicity of fiber, and the mechanical properties of the reinforced PP composites are studied. Moreover, the accelerated ageing experiments including humidity, temperature and ultraviolet of the reinforced PP composites are conducted. The results showed that the fiber treatment of water and alkali has a considerable effect on fiber structure, mechanical properties and durability of the reinforced compo-sites. The silane agent modification of fiber has less influence on the fiber structure but its functional group has great influence on the mechanical proper-ties and ageing resistance of the reinforced compo-sites
Lachi, Mohammed. "Détermination des diffusivités thermiques des matériaux composites par méthode flash bidirectionnelle." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991INPL006N.
Full text