Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Matériaux de construction'
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Achchaq, Fouzia. "Étude hygro-thermique de matériaux isolants fibreux." Amiens, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008AMIE0122.
Full textThe thesis objective is the understanding of hydric and thermic behavior of mineral and plant insulators used in building field. Two not weaved medias are chosen : glass wool and hemp wool. Three aspects constitute this study. The stuctural characterization of wools according macroscopic and microscopic scales (EVR, microporosity. . . ), then a hydric characterization in isothermal condition (sorption/desorption, cup test, ESEM. . . ) and finally, a thermic characterization (ATG, method Alembêta, thermal conductivity. . . )
Miquel, Anne. "Détermination expérimentale des caractéristiques hydriques des matériaux du bâtiment : contribution à la mise au point et validation de techniques nouvelles." Paris 12, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997PA120012.
Full textSellier, Alain. "Modélisations probabilistes du comportement de matériaux et de structures en génie civil." Cachan, Ecole normale supérieure, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995DENS0012.
Full textRouchier, Simon. "Évaluation des performances hygrothermiques des matériaux de construction endommagés." Phd thesis, Université Claude Bernard - Lyon I, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00761749.
Full textDang, Tuan Anh. "Valorisation des sédiments marins bretons comme matériaux de construction." Rennes, INSA, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011ISAR0016.
Full textThe SEDIVAL project deals with the Brittany marine sediment and particularly the sediments from the Lyvet trap built on the Rance and the Mont Saint Michel Bay. It aims to develop a new beneficial reuse of dredged sediments as a construction material and particularly as new binders which can be exploited industrially. The sediments were treated at 650°C and 850°C. The treated sediments are added to Portland cement in order to develop new composite binders. The results showed that the sediments treated at 650°C could be used up to 35% for the class of 42. 5, while the sediments treated at 850°C only verified the class of 32. 5. Experiments of 150 days of curing showed the mechanical strength increases significantly beyond the 28th day. In terms of permeability, the new binders did not affect the intrinsic permeability of the mortar. The durability of mortars was also studied; the sediment treated at 650°C provided the mortar with better durability than one treated at 850°C. Finally, the studied sediments present a real potential of beneficial reuse that might be confirmed by experiments on concrete samples
Samri, Driss. "Analyse physique et caractérisation hygrothermique des matériaux de construction." Lyon, INSA, 2008. http://theses.insa-lyon.fr/publication/2008ISAL0067/these.pdf.
Full textBuilding materials are porous materials, and therefore very sensitive to water. Due to variable hermodynamical ambient conditions, processes of energy and mass transfers between the ambient air and the material occur. These exchanges lead to important modification of their thermal properties and their durability. For instance, measurements of the thermal conductivity of Hemp Lime Concrete, placed in climatic chamber in which the relative humidity is 75%, show a variation of 30%. This PhD Thesis deals with the case of three porous buildin materials: Aerated Autoclaved Concrete (AAC), Hemp Lime Concrete (HLC) and Vertically Perforated Brick (VPB). The hygrothermal behaviour of these materials is studied with the experimental set-up called cell of exchange. This cell consists of test walls which are place between a climatic box and the laboratory. The scope of this experimental work is to create gradients of temperature and of relative humidity through the sample. So, the study aims to measure and characterise heat and mass flows in these materials. Ln a second part, simulation are performed to design, expiain and interpret the experimental results. They are done in COMSOL Multiphysics. Ln a first approach, only the heat equation in 1 D has been implemented in the toolbox. Comparisons between experimental and theoretical results gives us the therm properties of tested materials (ʎ,ρ,c,hs et a). The numerical modeling approach shows that, contrary to AAC or VPB, HLC involves a complex interaction between heat transport and mass transfer through the material. So, simulations on HLC are investigated through the problematic of phase change materials
Fuchez, Valérie. "La responsabilité civile des fabricants de matériaux de construction." Toulouse 1, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002TOU10002.
Full textAbdelmoumene, Abla. "Etude des caractéristiques thermiques et mécaniques des matériaux de construction du sud algérien." Lyon, INSA, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000ISAL0010.
Full textGypsum and plaster construction can be used in the diversification of building ethnics in the emerging countries. This technology allows the creation of lower coast units that can be built on over the Algeria. These units cater for the small local area needs. The aim of this work is a technical study of the natural and modified gypsum plaster and additives Îl1 view of their use in construction in southern Algeria. Different analyses are considered in order to characterize these materials. We focus on thermo physical characteristics that affect comfort of the housing unit. The different thermal conductivity and thermal diffusivity values of these materials as well as their variations according to their water content are presented. This contribution to a better knowledge of thermal parameters will help the designer to evaluate accurately the beat transfers between external and internal environment building. In order to conciliate the thermal and mechanical constraints, we will subject those materials to the strength of bending and compression. We will present a new technique for the determination of the thermal conductivity of the solid matrix, which allows the extension of the use of the models to many materials used in Civil Engineering. This work has allowed the choice of additives and recommendations of the use of the studied materials for the construction in the south
Ciutina, Liviu Adrian. "Assemblages et comportement sismique de portiques en acier et mixtes acier-béton : Expérimentation et simulation numérique." Rennes, INSA, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003ISAR0016.
Full textThe work presented in this report concerns the seismic response of moment resisting steel or composite steel-concrete frames, influenced by the behaviour of their joints. The steel of the beam-to-column joints or the steel part in the case of composite joints are realised by bolted end-plate connections, using HSF bolts with controlled preloading. The first part of the study, having an experimental character, relates several series of tests, performed at Rennes and at Timisoara; its objective is to research the appropriate constructive layouts for an improved ductile behaviour of the steel and composite end-plate beam-to-column connections under monotonic and cyclic types of loading, under symmetrical or strongly unsymmetrical conditions. A particular attention is given to some detail points of the connections: the inferior part of the end-plate, by means of basic experimental tests on “T-stub” subassemblies, bevel type used for welding of beams to the end plates, the reinforcing of the column steel panel of the steel column by doubling plates, etc. This study allowed us to compare the experimental results with those of the models proposed by recent codes and to propose some recommendations and simple formulae in order to permit a better dissipative behaviour. A second part concerns the calibration of numerical models, by the help of DRAIN 2DX computer code, according to the results of the experimental tests. In the case of beam-columns type of elements, using a fibre model and including the measured characteristics of the materials it was proved that we can arrive to a good agreement as compared to the experimental results. As for the connections themselves, a sophisticated model, based on a multi-linear envelope curve of response and including a degrading cyclic behaviour, leads also to an adequate simulation of the real moment-rotation response curves. Into the third part, based on the dynamic non-linear analyses and on soil accelerograms, we try to take advantage of the behaviour of the steel and composite connections tested in laboratory. Five moment frames, from which one metallic and four composite are analysed, considering the beams jointed to columns by connections having a similar behaviour of those tested experimentally, so more or less rigid and/or more or less resistant. The location of the structures was supposed in zones having different nature and seismic levels, particularly in France and Romania. The responses are judged in terms of the required élasto-plastic rotation of the dissipative elements and by the required inter-story drifts. The global ductility response is interpreted in terms of the behaviour factor q and of the seismic performance factor η
Tran, Van Huong. "Optimisations mécaniques des constructions en matériaux locaux." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Vaulx-en-Velin, École nationale des travaux publics de l’État, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014ENTP0014.
Full textLocal materials used in civil engineering are directly available on construction site or close places. Among these materials, we studied soil, the rubble stone masonry (stone masonry associated with clay mortar or lime mortar), and the pudding concrete. New constructions using local materials are promising to compete with conventional materials, due to their low embodied energy and reduction of waste. However, until now, these constructions remain limited in the world and particularly in France, due to difficulties of implementation: low strength, lack of design rules and implementation guide. Therefore, the general objective of this thesis is to facilitate the use of local material to build the sustainable constructions. So, study in material and structural scales has been done on this type of construction. At the scale of the material, the mechanical behavior of the local materials has been studied by determining their mechanical properties by laboratory tests. An optimization procedure for the composition of the materials according to their strength has also been proposed for earthen materials (compacted earth, mixed earth and concrete of pudding). At the structural scale, mechanical and dynamical behaviors of constructions using local materials have been studied on some structures. Firstly, the mechanical behavior of a new stone masonry bridge was studied by measuring its displacements at the stage of the formwork removal. The singular profile of the displacements field with a singularity for voussoirs very close to the keystone was found. A 2D numerical analysis of the formwork removal using DEM was proposed to provide better insight on mechanisms that took place on site. The reduction of the extent of the contact zone between the voussoirs enabled finding the peculiar displacement field observed on-site. Secondly, the dynamic behavior of an old rubble stone masonry building was studied by determining its dynamic characteristics using in-situ measurements of background noise. Then, a 3D numerical model using FEM was validated by comparing with experimental results. Seismic vulnerability of the building was also estimated by a simulation of the seismic actions in this model according to EC8. Thirdly, an optimization procedure for the arch shape was proposed in the case of concrete of pudding stone house. The principle of justification of the stability using the yield design analysis was also discussed
Ruzicka, Martin. "Optimisation d'un procède de moussage protéinique de pates argile-ciment : conséquences sur le comportement physicomécanique du matériau durci." Lyon, INSA, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998ISAL0090.
Full textThis work studies the clay-cement composite foamed by a proteinic airentraining agent. The clayey part is presently an unused by-product of the exploitation of clay-containing sands. The air-entraining agent, recycled hemoglobin of ox-blood, is also an industrial waste-product. The clayey nature and the foamy character of the material make very complex its behavior in the fresh state as well as in the hardened state. In view of the material application in the building industry, it is absolutely indispensable to control this behavior. Therefore, the study and the optimization of this behavior make the object of this work. In the first part, some theoretical aspects are reviewed. Notably, the elements of clay behavior, its interactions with the cement and proteinic matter as well as the principles of foaming are given. The second and the third part present some characteristics of the mixture components and the applied experimental techniques respectively. The fourth part treats and analyzes the experimental results. Concerning the fresh material, we study the creation of foamed mixture and its rheology. Influences of the ph, of the constituents and of the chemical treatments are exposed. The behavior in the hardened state and the impacts of some treatments are evaluated. Finally, having in view a material of construction possessing the satisfactory properties and considering the results of the study, an optimal composition and foaming conditions are expressed
Keita, Emmanuel. "Physique du séchage des sols et des matériaux de construction." Thesis, Paris Est, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PEST1172/document.
Full textDrying of building materials and soils plays a major role in their final properties and is a main economics and environmental issue. In this thesis, we study the drying of complex porous media to better understand the impact of particles in the interstitial fluid. With a clear scale separation between the sample, pores and particles sizes, we observe water and particles distributions by camera, MRI, X-ray tomography and confocal microscope. We show that the fluid evolution and the drying kinetics are coupled. We study three kinds of fluids: pure liquid, hard and soft particles suspensions. The drying rate of pure water remains constant and generally persists until the majority of water is evaporated. The fluid flows through the porous network, due to capillary depression, to provide water to the free surface where evaporation occurs. We show, by Finite Elements Method, that the drying rate is very sensitive to the shape of the air/water interface. Particles suspensions always slow down the drying kinetics compare to pure water. At low volume fraction, particles migrate towards the surface and drying rate is linked to the increases of the compacted area. Soft particles can compress, thus the compacted area may shrink and influences drying rate. At high volume fraction, viscous dissipation is high and limit the fluid flow therefore particles do not migrate and the drying kinetics is slow
Carjaval, Moncada Claudio Andrés. "Evaluation probabiliste de la sécurité structurale des barrages-poids." Clermont-Ferrand 2, 2009. https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01298893.
Full textKenmogne. "Dégradation des matériaux de construction : contribution à l'étude de la faisabilité des terres argileuses en construction." Grenoble 1, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993GRE10068.
Full textHoang, Viet Hai. "Interaction fluide-structure : comportement tribologique des matériaux minéraux à base cimentaire à l'état frais." Rennes, INSA, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011ISAR0036.
Full textThe tribological properties of cement based material and rigid metallic wall are studied. The range of normal stress is 21,7 – 358 kPa. The range of slip velocity is 10-3 – 10-1 m/s. The roughness is characterised by the Ra indicator and the analysed range is 0. 52 – 100 µm. Thus, the average structure of the material is taken into account in the study. This experimental study is realised by mean a tribometer. Such device is developed and validated in the laboratory. Finally, the wall friction reduction is studied and an electrical technique is used. Such technique induces the interface lubrication. The control of the lubrication regime was studied
Hamzaoui, Abderrahmane. "Contribution à l'étude des déformations différées des bétons autonivelants." Lyon, INSA, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998ISAL0053.
Full textSelf leveling concrete or SLC, are special concrete, very fluid, that put in place and squeeze under the alone effect of the gravity, therefore without internal or external vibration contribution. They contain generally an important fine materials volume that classic concrete and often an agent of viscosity. The scope of this study is a contribution to the study oh time dependent deformations of the self leveling concretes subjected to sealed curing and air - dried curing. The study has been comparative: tests have been carried out similarly on self leveling concrete containing 370 kg/m3 of fine materials and an ordinary concrete containing 340 kg/m3 of fine materials. It has been observed that the behavior of self leveling concrete is similar to that the ordinary concrete. Tests creep have been equally undertaken on a self leveling concrete containing an important quantity of fine materials (600 kg/m3) and a self leveling concrete containing 110 kg/m3 of limestone ground ( 370 kg/m3), under a rate of loading of 30 %. Basic creep of concrete containing 600 kg/m3 f fine materials has proven higher to that of concrete containing 370 kg/m3of fine materials. However, for air-dried conditions, the creep of concrete containing 600 kg/m3 of fine materials are lower to that of concrete containing 370 kg/m3 of fine materials. Furthermore, a basic creep of concrete containing 600 kg/m3 of fine materials is close to a creep obtained in air - dried conditions. What means the disappearance of drying creep, caused by moisture Joss under constant stress. Finally, experimental shrinkage and creep values of self leveling concrete have been compared to values obtained from a model: CEB-FIP 1990, BPEL 1991, and from a model of BAZANT
Şovar, Maria Magdalena. "Du tri-isopropoxyde aux oxydes d'aluminium par dépôt chimique en phase vapeur : procédé, composition et propriétés des revêtements obtenus." Toulouse, INPT, 2006. http://ethesis.inp-toulouse.fr/archive/00000392/.
Full textThis film of alumina were prepared by MOCVD from aluminium isopropoxyde (hot-wall reactor, low-pressure, deposition temperature in range 350-700°C°. There were characterized by EDS, EMPA, ERDA-RBS, XRD, SEM, TEM, FTIR, TGA, AFM. The composition of films prepared by pyrolyzing the precursor in dry nitrogen is AlO(OH) (amorphous) at 350°C, and Al2O3 (amorphous or nanocrystalline) above 415°C. Deposition in the presence of water vapour yields Al2O3 only. Microstructural changes in the films were studied through the technique of deflection applied to asymmetrically coated blades, and by the transmission electron microscopy. Wet corrosion test and stress corrrosion cracking tests on coated Ti6242 alloys have shown the above described alumina coatings to behave like the best known protective coatings regarding both the electrochemical behaviour and the barrier properties
Delhumeau, Gwenaël. "Hennebique et la construction en béton armé, 1892-1914 : des brevets aux matériaux." Paris 4, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1995PA040184.
Full textComair, Fadi Georges. "Etude des propriétés thermiques et mécaniques des matériaux de construction : application à l'habitat du Moyen-Orient." Lyon 1, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989LYO10077.
Full textDuballet, Romain. "Systèmes constructifs en fabrication additive de matériaux cimentaires." Thesis, Paris Est, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019PESC1011.
Full textThis work addresses a particular topic of automation in construction called 3D concrete printing, or additive manufacturing of cementitious materials. It proposes new manufacturing techniques, other than casting or projection, making use of programmed robots to progressively bring the material where it needs to be, without traditional moulds. The associated promises are thus waste reduction, speed and versatility. More precisely we focus on extrusion techniques, they are inspired from a rapid prototyping approach called fused deposition modeling that consists in stacking laces of fresh mortar onto each other to form a three dimensional object.With such a technique, it is possible to "print" the walls of a house inside a gantry structure. This is the main idea proposed today, with promises of productivity, speed and labor cost reduction. This gained popularity in the past few years, businesses and academic projects were born all over the world, research being mostly focused on rheology and mortar formulation. The question of actual usage of such techniques is rarely placed at the center of discussion, whereas it is not clear yet how they will penetrate the market, and more importantly which among the many possible printing processes are more suited to be associated with complete building systems.The house printing idea is a direct and metaphoric transposition of the rapid prototyping method to a larger scale. With the current strategies, involving materials with high cement content, printing a single house in the form of straight or slightly curved walls can be seen as an environmental absurdity. To become a real solution to current housing issues, concrete printing has to bring significant innovation. It is not yet clear if productivity increase will be sufficient to do so. However, if new building products, of novel performances, could be made at a reasonable cost with such techniques, they could become a substantial addition to the building industry. The two courses of action are again material composition and geometry. Provided a very "poor" material is printable, massive straight wall houses can become competitive. Otherwise, material consumption can be decreased by printing walls with a complex and light internal structure. In chapter 4 we have proposed a potential solution to make lighter space structures for single house walls. Chapter 5 is dedicated to its prototyping.Apart from housing, the other main fields of application for building systems with robotic extrusion are infrastructures and public works. Some bridges have already been built. Specific underground structures have also been printed and installed in France, see figure below. For those sectors, complex geometrical context and specificity of prefabricated objects can account for 3D printing perhaps more easily than for housing. Surface finish and second work can indeed become less crucial, while productivity gains can be easily obtained.This work is divided in four chapters, and goes from theoretical to experimental. In chapter 2 we try to circumscribe our topic, namely robotic extrusion for automation in construction, through a state of the art report and some definition attempts. Many strategies are indeed possible to print cementitious materials, and can greatly differ in terms of physical phenomena at stake in the material or technology. This brings us to the subsequent question of actual building systems based on such printing processes. In chapter 3 we propose a classification method, to explore some possible approaches. The goal of this work is to shift the current discussion from the "house printing" approach to a generalized understanding of automated building systems with cementitious extrusion
Faye, Mactar. "Structure interne et propriétés thermiques macroscopiques, application aux matériaux de construction." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016TOU30032/document.
Full textThe objective of this thesis is to study the impact of the internal structure of isotropic granular materials on the macroscopic thermal properties. We have developed a model to solve the heat transfer problem within a heterogeneous three-dimensional material. This code is coupled with an algorithm generating random structure. After an experimental validation, we first generated granular materials and we characterized their internal structure; then we studied the impact of this structure on the thermal conductivity. We also developed a new experimental method for measuring the heat capacity area of a wall element with complex internal structure. The originality of this method is the coupling of an analytical model of heat capacity area, which is independent of the thermal properties of the constituents, and an experimental study
Rabenantoandro, Andry Zaid. "Contribution à la fabrication additive dans la construction : conception d’une tête d’impression intelligente, et matériaux de construction." Thesis, Centrale Lille Institut, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020CLIL0010.
Full text3D printing in construction is growing exponentially. This thesis examines the use of existing industrial solutions to meet the need for extrusion-based 3D printing in the construction sector. There are no relevant guidelines for 3D printing in terms of machine specification or material formulation. A prospective study has been carried out to understand the multidisciplinary aspect of 3D printing. The principles of additive manufacturing were highlighted with its advantages, applications and limitations. The 3D printing process was formalized in 5 distinct phases for construction. Thus, a framework for 3D printing in construction, based on the extrusion technique, was proposed. An introduction of a system of system concept and an intelligent level of automation for 3D printing in construction were proposed. This part was realized as a complement to the standardization framework for additive manufacturing in construction. In support of the scientific reasoning to design the appropriate 3D printing solution, an overall system consisting of 5 subsystems was defined. An experimental approach for the evaluation of printability was developed. It consisted of simple tests and dimensionless analysis to characterize the printability of cementitious materials using specific indicators. A print head was designed based on input functionalities such as the possibility to activate an inert material in the head and a control of the outgoing material flow
Rabenantoandro, Andry Zaid. "Contribution à la fabrication additive dans la construction : conception d’une tête d’impression intelligente, et matériaux de construction." Thesis, Ecole centrale de Lille, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020ECLI0010.
Full text3D printing in construction is growing exponentially. This thesis examines the use of existing industrial solutions to meet the need for extrusion-based 3D printing in the construction sector. There are no relevant guidelines for 3D printing in terms of machine specification or material formulation. A prospective study has been carried out to understand the multidisciplinary aspect of 3D printing. The principles of additive manufacturing were highlighted with its advantages, applications and limitations. The 3D printing process was formalized in 5 distinct phases for construction. Thus, a framework for 3D printing in construction, based on the extrusion technique, was proposed. An introduction of a system of system concept and an intelligent level of automation for 3D printing in construction were proposed. This part was realized as a complement to the standardization framework for additive manufacturing in construction. In support of the scientific reasoning to design the appropriate 3D printing solution, an overall system consisting of 5 subsystems was defined. An experimental approach for the evaluation of printability was developed. It consisted of simple tests and dimensionless analysis to characterize the printability of cementitious materials using specific indicators. A print head was designed based on input functionalities such as the possibility to activate an inert material in the head and a control of the outgoing material flow
Wolde-Mariam, Assefa. "L'offre et la demande d'habitat en Ethiopie : l'utilisation des matériaux locaux comme élément de réponse." Lyon, INSA, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996ISAL0038.
Full textThe demand and supply of housing in Ethiopia is analyzed based on the existing statistical information. Special emphasis has been given on issues like urban population growth and housing policy in order to comprehend the factors which act as constraints to the housing production. The shortage of Housing in Ethiopia, as in any other under developed country, is one of the most dominant problem to be solved. This paper, therefore, contributes to the global reflection on the housing problem and focuses on modern earth construction technology as the major alternative to resorb the current housing deficit. Earth, an abundant indigenous, economic material can be used to produce compressed earth blacks. To increase the compressive strength of earth blocks and reduce its sensitivity to water, we recommend the use of pouzzolanic binders for stabilization. The elaboration of the binders is conceived, by mixing a finely ground local volcanic scorias with Portland cement or lime (Ca(OH)2). A total stabilization of 4% mix of "cement/pouzzolana" or "lime/pouzzolana", not only assures acceptable physical perfo1mance, but maintains the excellent thermophysical behavior and aesthetic value as well. The thermal comfort analysis on a model house and the feasibility study, put in evidence the considerable economic and comfort advantages of compressed earth blacks as building material. Housing construction based on the proposed proportion of stabilization and investigation methodology could bring a significant economic benefit, where classical building materials fail to shelter the low income group
Martinez, Thomas. "Revêtements photocatalytiques pour matériaux de construction : formulation, évaluation de l'efficacité et écotoxicité." Toulouse 3, 2012. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/2024/.
Full textPhotocatalysis shows great potential in the treatment of organic pollution, in gaseous or aqueous phases. Generally, ultrafine TiO2 particles are used for their photocatalytic performance but also for their superhydrophilicity under UV irradiation. These properties are responsible for the depolluting and self-cleaning functions of the resulting product. The aim of this PhD work is to use building materials as air purifiers and to limit levels of biofouling. For this purpose, the photocatalyst is implemented in a glaze. This type of product was chosen for its architectural interest: it allows existing surfaces to be treated while preserving their original appearance. In addition, because photocatalysis is a surface phenomenon, solutions such as coatings are particularly interesting since they can be applied to existing buildings and, at the same time, result in lower TiO2 consumption The coating was formulated using components free of organic solvents to reduce the toxicity of the final product. The stability and homogeneity of the glaze were verified in its storage conditions and the adhesion of the coating obtained was evaluated by abrasion tests. The photocatalytic properties were studied against several pollutants representative of air pollution: nitrogen oxides (NOx) and a mixture of VOCs (BTEX: benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, xylenes). Biological growth was assessed on the algae Chlorella (algal species often found in the microbiological composition of soil facades). In order to investigate the possible toxicity of the formulation, the VOC emissions from the glaze and the toxic and genotoxic impact of release into the aquatic environment were assessed. An experimental set-up was developed in order to study the influence of photocatalytic material (formulation and substrate) and operating conditions (humidity, pollutant initial concentration, contact time between the gas and the photocatalytic surface) on the photocatalytic oxidation of VOCs and NOx. The results showed that the performance depended on the humidity of the air, the initial concentration of pollutants and also the nature of the substrate coated. In addition, the durability evaluation of the glaze applied to mortar surfaces showed that the performance of NOx abatement was slightly impacted by the application of abrasion cycles (ISO 11998 and ASTM D2486). Biological growth assays were conducted using two devices to simulate different environmental conditions: a flow of water on inclined surfaces and humidification by capillarity. Whatever the experimental conditions, no inhibition of biofouling could be attributed to the phenomenon of photocatalysis. These observations support some literature results showing that biological development is not influenced by the presence of a photocatalyst, while the depolluting properties of the material have been validated on other compounds. However, in our tests, a slowdown in biological development could be observed using a water-repellent surface, another type of self-cleaning surface. The product toxicity assessment by measurement of VOCs in air showed that compounds characteristic of the composition of the glaze could be detected whatever the lighting conditions. In addition, the ecotoxicity assessment identified a concentration of the glaze beyond which growth inhibition in Xenopus larvae could be measured. However, these studies did not demonstrate genotoxicity in the organisms tested
Chataigner, Sylvain. "Conception et dimensionnement d’un ancrage de hauban plat en matériaux composites." Paris Est, 2008. http://pastel.paristech.org/4865/01/theseSChataigner.pdf.
Full textThis study’s main goal is to design an anchorage for a composite plate in a civil engineering application. As structural adhesive bonding was chosen, the main part of this document is dedicated to the understanding and the description of the way force is transferred through bonded joints. Three parts compose the study. The first one gathers all the bases concerning this technology which exists since a long time but is used for structural applications since only a few decades. It also presents the main elastic theories and the resulting characteristic features of structural adhesive bonding. In the second part, several different experimental investigations are precisely described and their results compared to the theoretical elastic expectations. Being insufficient concerning some of the parameters, it is then decided to take into account some non-linearities in the analysis : either damage occurrence, or plasticity. The final results are shown to be close to the experimental observations, and a more precise modeling of the force transfer is thus finally available. The last part concerns the optimization of the force transfer and starts with the reminding of the main works done on this topic. Then, a precise adhesive material characterization allows to highlight an interesting property which can improve bonded joints capacities. A specific geometry, a curved one, has to be used in order to use properly this property. Theoretical developments allow to explain the different improvements allowed by this geometry and some experimental investigations are conducted to check the ease of realization of such a geometry and its efficiency. Though additional work should be carried out on this new bonded joint, first results demonstrate the efficiency of the proposed new geometry
Lardin, Philippe. "Les chantiers du bâtiment en Normandie orientale: XIXème-XVIème siècle : Matériaux et ouvriers." Rouen, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995ROUEL225.
Full textStudy of materials used on building yards is a way to know the methods chosen by the builders and the evolution of the economy in eastern normandy from the middle of the 14th to the 16th century. The part played by the wood was the most important because it was as well a building material as a fuel for preparation of lime, plaster, tiles and iron, especially at the end of the 15th century with the use of blast-furnace. The penury of woods is perhaps the principal cause of the growth of prices occuring in the first third of the 16th century. Besides, exhaustive study of works done by the different workers involved directly or not on the building yards makes us see the consequences of the labour shortage in Normandy at this time. Despite the fact that workers had polyvalent activities overlaping the ones of other professions, there was no closing of trades before the end of the 15th century. At the same time, in Rouen, there was no concentration of professions in some area of the town but their location was justified by security reasons and proximity of employers. The book of the trade of plombers confirms this late closing of norman trades compared to others regions such as Flanders or Burgundy
Shen, Jibao. "Notion d'impédance thermique appliquée au contrôle non destructif des matériaux." Artois, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003ARTO0201.
Full textThis work is in the framework of the thermal characterization and the non destructive testing of building materials by the thermal impedance. The theoretical approach uses the concept of thermal waves and makes the identification in the frequency domain. The use of heat flow sensors based on tangential gradients authorizes the measurement of the flow and the temperature in the same plane. At low frequencies, though the sensor disturbance is weak, it is integrated in the models of knowledge. The method makes it possible to exploit the random signals like the solicitations met in situ. As a first application, the effusivity of building materials was measured. A further study undertaken on multi-layer systems lead to results allowing us to be optimistic in perspective of the application in the non destructive testing (separation, crack,. . . ). Finally, the evolution of the thermal impedances of a concrete under freeze-thaw cycles is an example of the damage follow-up
Maaroufi, Maroua. "Modélisation des transferts hygrothermiques dans les matériaux de construction : incidence de l’hystérésis." Thesis, La Rochelle, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LAROS028.
Full textThe present work aims to study the influence of the sorption hysteresis phenomenon on heat and moisture transfer in building materials. In order to achieve this, we first describe the microstructure of materials, which will allow a better understanding of their behavior at the macroscopic scale. Subsequently, numerical simulations of the coupled heat and mass transfers will be conducted, taking into account the real microstructure of the materials using X-rays reconstructed 3D volumes. Several imaging techniques have been used to obtain a fine description of the microstructure of polystyrene concrete and its different phases. The 3D reconstructions of the actual volume were obtained using X-rays micro-tomography, which showed its complex microstructural heterogeneity. Afterwards, we carried out a campaign of macroscopic experimental characterization of the material. It included the determination of the physical and hygrothermal properties of the polystyrene concrete, as well as the impact of temperature and relative humidity on these same properties. Polystyrene concrete shows excellent performance in thermal insulation and heat storage. Later, experiments have been set up in order to better understand the moisture transfer in samples subjected to cyclic stresses, in order to highlight the sorption hysteresis effect. A model of coupled heat and moisture transfers has been developed, taking into account the effect of sorption hysteresis and thus including the hydric history of the material. The results of the numerical simulations were compared to the experimental ones and showed a good match. 3D simulations will be performed on the actual volumes reconstructed by tomography to take into account the heterogeneity of the material
Poulain, Daniel. "Pressions intersticielles de construction dans les barrages homogènes en matériaux argileux humides." Bordeaux 1, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993BOR10618.
Full textShahidi, Salman. "Rendu du vieillissement par efflorescence de matériaux de construction en synthèse d’images." Limoges, 2007. https://aurore.unilim.fr/theses/nxfile/default/ac6ca441-d69f-401b-9b54-5754539389f8/blobholder:0/2007LIMO4022.pdf.
Full textImages synthesized by computer graphics methods appear often too smooth, too perfect, and too clean to be considered as realistic. To solve this problem, a great number of aging phenomena must be taken into account. These phenomena can appear with various forms, affecting the geometry, light/matter interactions, and textures. This issue is currently studied more and more in computer graphics by employing new techniques in modeling field as well as in rendering field. This thesis proposes techniques to treat important defects on building materials: efflorescence and crumbling. The methods developed within this thesis provide new algorithms to increase the realism of such images. In order to avoid employing too much parameters, making its handling difficult, we propose to establish a phenomenological empirical model, which enables us to obtain physically plausible results with only a few, intuitive parameters
Hernandez, Jean-François. "Comportement thermomécanique des bétons réfractaires et des revêtements monolithiques des poches a acier : influence de la déshydratation." Paris 6, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA066519.
Full textAmiri, Ouali. "Modélisation de l'électrodiffusion des ions chlorures dans les mortiers de ciment : intégration des phénomènes d'adsorption électrocapillaire." La Rochelle, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998LAROS024.
Full textHadrzynski, Frederic. "Etude de la rhéologie d'un bitume modifié par des polymères et prévision du comportement mécanique des mélanges avec fines, sables et graviers." Paris 13, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995PA132037.
Full textDuprat, Didier. "Contribution à l'amélioration des méthodes de calcul en fatigue et tolérance aux dommages pour la conception, la justification et la maintenance des avions civils." Toulouse 3, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996TOU30268.
Full textMadjoudj, Nadira. "Valorisation de fines argileuses d'exploitation par moussage protéiniques : évaluation et optimisation des performances du matériaux élaboré." Amiens, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004AMIE0405.
Full textBélanger, Jean. "Caractérisation des transferts hygrothermiques dans une enveloppe de bâtiment en bois par la résolution d'un problème inverse par l'optimisation des propriétés physiques des matériaux." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/69706.
Full textCoureau, Jean-Luc. "Renforcement local d'éléments de structures bois par des matériaux composites." Bordeaux 1, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002BOR12508.
Full textLoho, Ghandi. "Comportement statique et sismique d'assemblages poutre-poteau en acier et mixtes acier-béton boulonnés par platine d'extrémité." Rennes, INSA, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008ISAR0014.
Full textChemloul, Lotfi. "Détermination expérimentale des diffusivités hydriques de matériaux de construction. Etude des facteurs d'influence." Toulouse 3, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996TOU30298.
Full textLe, Ny Françoise. "La Production des matériaux de construction en terre cuite en Gaule romaine : Synthèse." Rennes 1, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992REN10056.
Full textSeck, Mamadou Diaga. "Compréhension des mécanismes de séchage dans les matériaux de construction : cas du plâtre." Thesis, Paris Est, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PESC1154/document.
Full textIssues related to sustainability encourage more building material industries to engage policies in making processes energy consumption reduction. This study is conducted in this purpose, and is focused on the case of plasterboard. Indeed for plasterboard manufacturing, gypsum from quarry are first calcined to get hemihydrate, which is then mixed with water to make again gypsum we find in plasterboard. However, to get a good workability during the preparation process, it is necessary to add an excess amount of water relative to that required by the stoichiometry of the hydration reaction. This excess water should be evacuated thereafter drying. Thus, the manufacture of gypsum proved to be very energy intensive : that is the cornerstone of this thesis, during which we will try to understand the physics that govern the drying of plaster in order to reduce its energy consumption. To conduct this study, we are primarily interested in understanding of simple porous media drying (stack of glass beads, capillary tubes). Then based on our understanding of the physical mechanisms that govern their drying, on one hand, and on local observations (NMR, MRI, microtomography), on the other hand, we give an explanation to the different physical mechanisms of plaster drying. This allows us to establish a physical model to predict the drying kinetics of plaster - model that can be used for energy optimization approach during the manufacturing process of plasterboard. Its can also be used for the drying kinetics prediction of other building materials
Trabelsi, Abdelkrim. "Etudes numérique et expérimentale des transferts hygrothermiques dans les matériaux poreux de construction." La Rochelle, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010LAROS291.
Full textThe purpose of this thesis is the development of design tool to improve energy and environmental buildings efficiency and to improve civil engineering structure durability. During this thesis, we have developed a coupled heat and moisture transfer model in building porous materials. Its mathematical development admits an analytical solution in particular cases. It is possible then to consider numerical resolution validation. The developed mathematical model was implemented in "COMSOL Multiphysics". Numerical and analytical resolution was compared, it shows a good agreement. The main input parameters of the developed model include: water vapour sorption-desorption isotherm, moisture diffusion coefficient and thermogradient coefficient. In this work, we have developed laboratory devices and mathematical procedures to assess these parameters. We have made more specific studies on the variability of water vapour adsorption isotherm on samples taken in-situ. Later, we realized simulations to demonstrate the importance of taking into account the different input parameters variability that we have quantified. We have also undertaken simulations to validate the developed approach. It consists in comparison between our results and results of laboratory tests and those produced by the simulation code "CHAMPS". The comparison helped strengthen the prediction of the developed approach. Finally, we have studied the effect of temperature gradient on the assessment of the "MBV" (Moisture Buffer Value) coefficient. This coefficient is of particular interest because it allows comparing the potentialities of buffering capacities of materials
Nofal, Srour. "Conception parasismique ductile des structures en acier et mixtes acier-béton : prenant en compte l'influence de la variabilité des caractéristiques mécaniques des matériaux." Rennes, INSA, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011ISAR0039.
Full textIn high seismicity areas, moment resisting frames should be able to dissipate the earthquake input energy with high efficiency through inelastic deformations at the dissipative zones. In order to allow the formation of the greatest number of plastic hinges and to dissipate as much as possible seismic energy of a moment-resisting frame, these zones should be mainly located in plastic hinges in the beams or in the beam-column joints, but not in the columns except at the base of the frame. This dissipation is maximum if plastic hinges lie in beams rather than in beam-column joints, but this implies that the non-dissipative parts must have sufficient overstrength. It is clear that this design method strongly depends on actual mechanical properties of materials and that it should be ensured that issipative zones really form where they are intended to in the design, taking into account the statistical distribution of the mechanical properties in the structure. The possibility that the actual yield strength of steel is higher than the nominal yield strength in dissipative zones should be taken into account by a material overstrength factor for the design of non-dissipative zones. In spite of the fact that this point is essential in seismic design, the value to be given to this overstrength factor varies in the provisions of different standards. Moreover, these standards don’t provide adequate limitations on mechanical properties for steel products even if it should be directly related to the overstrength factor chosen. For these reasons, the European research project RFCS OPUS aimed to define suitable harmonised rules and recommendations for production standards and structural regulations for steel and steel-concrete composite structures located at earthquake-prone areas. The work presented in this thesis is related to the study of the effect of the material properties on the design of steel-concrete composite regular frames. Starting from collecting the mechanical properties of several different grades of steel profiles and reinforcing steel bars that are produced by several European steel plants, a statistical evaluation of their main parameters has been carried out. In addition, several steel and steel-concrete composite structures have been designed according to the Eurocode EN 1998 recommendations. Then, the analysis and the study of the effects of the statistical distribution of mechanical material properties on seismic design have been made. These analyses showed that the global behaviour of this kind of buildings wasn’t affected by the variation of the mechanical properties. Neither storey mechanism nor global instability was observed. Concerning local verifications, the study has been focused on two points that were considered as the most critical ones. First, the effect of the statistical distribution of the mechanical properties on the rotation capacity of beams has been investigated, as their ductility defines the collapse level. For this point, the material overstrength has been found to have a positive but very weak effect. Then, the study has been focused on the overstrength demands of the beam-column joints by computing the maximum moments appearing in plastic hinges. It has been shown that overstrength factors defined in the Eurocode EN 1998 were consistent for higher steel grades but not for the lower ones. This local study has based on a model coupling a multi-fiber approach to determine the ascending part of the moment rotation curves of composite beams in sagging and hogging zones, and Gioncu’s model that predicts the decreasing branch of the M- curves in hogging zones due to plastic buckling
Mézière, Patrick. "Contribution à l'élaboration d'une méthodologie pour l'évaluation des risques sanitaires et environnementaux des produits de construction : cas d'illustration avec deux usages du PVC dans le bâtiment." Lyon, INSA, 2005. http://theses.insa-lyon.fr/publication/2005ISAL0121/these.pdf.
Full textNowadays, in the field of building, there does not exist systematic and unified approach to assess environmental and sanitary risks of building products considered during their setting up, their use phase and their end-of-life. Therefore, we aim at suggesting a methodology allowing to assess this type of risks. The developed methodology applies to a building product considered in its "use scenario" (standard EN 12920). It is composed of five main parts : 1 – inventory of the assessment scenarios, 2 – description of the assessment scenarios, 3 – organisation into a hierarchy of each assessment scenario and identification of priority scenarios, 4 – characterisation of the assessment scenarios, 5 – synthesis of the assessment. We test its applicability using a PVC cladding and a PVC floor covering as examples. Specific tests elaborated to assess emission of pollutants from PVC building products in water and air show that, for PVC cladding, emissions phenomena in water are mainly controlled by the solubility of species contained in this cladding. Moreover, the role of the degradation phenomena of the material, in particular UV action, is very important. Risks linked to the exposition of cladding to rain are acceptable. For the original PVC floor covering, VOC quantities in air decrease rapidly and risks associated to this type of emission are juged acceptable. Nevertheless, physico-chemical ageing phenomena that can occur during its use were not considered. Applicability of the proposed methodology is globally demonstrated. Moreover, we discuss the limits and prospects of our work
Hannawi, Kinda. "Conception, caractérisation physico-mécanique et durabilité de nouveaux matériaux de construction à caractère environnemental : application dans la technologie des constructions." Rennes, INSA, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011ISAR0012.
Full textOur research is part of sustainable development. It studies the potential use of waste plastics as a new source of material for construction sector and attempts to develop new composite materials incorporating plastic aggregates. To elaborate these composites, three types of plastic (PC, PET1 and PET0. 1) were introduced into cement mortars by replacing defined volume percentages of sand (3%, 10%, 20% and 50%). The mortars obtained were characterized by studying their microstructural, physical and mechanical properties. Their durability has also been studied using the tests of physical, thermal and chemical degradation. The results obtained show that the introduction of plastic aggregates in cementitious mortars causes a change in the microstructure, an increase in connected porosity and permeability, and a decrease in compressive and tensile strength. In counterpart of this reduction in strength, the incorporation of plastics aggregates gives lighter materials, significantly more ductile, which show a large deformation capacity and low ability to shrinkage cracking. These mortar composites also show a real interest in terms of thermal and acoustic insulation because their conductivity is lower and the acoustic wave propagation is slowed. All results presented allow concluding that in many applications where resistance to cracking due to imposed deformations is a performance criterion, the incorporation of plastic aggregates can be an effective solution to improve the durability. The Concretes with plastic aggregates represent ultimately a real path for plastic valorization at the end of life
Haillot, Didier. "Matériaux composites à hautes performances énergétiques pour l’optimisation des chauffe-eau solaires individuels : du matériau au procédé." Perpignan, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PERP0999.
Full textThis thesis takes place in a partnership between the PROMES laboratory and the Saunier Duval industry, part of the Vaillant Group, with the aim of improving the performance of solar domestic hot water (SDHW) system. Potential of phase change materials (PCM) for this particular application is investigated in this study. Our approach has been to associate the study of composites (preparation and characterization) and also the analysis of the process to achieve optimal integration of the material in the system. In the first part we have elaborated and characterized composite based on compressed expanded natural graphite (CENG) and PCM in order to validate the existence of materials having the characteristics necessary for the planned feature. The second part of this work aims to quantify the performance of a SDHW which includes the composite material previously developed. A numerical approach allows us to simulate the thermal behaviour and the efficiency of such a system. Analysis of these numerical results will give rise to several conclusion and prospects
Fakri, Abdennasser. "Conception, modélisation et simulation de la structure compliante passive DCR pour robot d'assemblage." Lyon, INSA, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985ISAL0037.
Full textAmongst manufacturing tasks, assembly operations seem to be the most ticklish to robotize. The first part of this dissertation presents general considerations on that problem and gives the state of the art on the subject, under a classification form, which we wanted as systematic as possible and the most exhaustive. These considerations lead us to conceive a n original passive compliant device, provided with two rotations centres, which we called "DCR-LAI system". The second part of our thesis i s devoted to the description of that compliant structure and its working principles. We also give some experimental results related to measures of constraints appearing during a given example of insertion. The analysis of these results allows us to verify our hypothesis, and shows the working particularities of our device. The last part of our thesis gives a mathematical model of geometrical and dynamical behaviour of our compliant structure, which permits the simulation , of the evolution of contact constraints between pin and bore during insertion. Such a simulation may be used as a decision and for the choice of a compliant device with regards to characteristics of parts to assemble
Hajjouji, Abdeljabbar el. "Mécanisme d'activation de la réaction d'hydratation de l'anhydrite CaSO4 Orthorhombique." Lyon, INSA, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986ISAL0002.
Full textEzziane, Mohammed. "Formulation et tenue au feu des matériaux cimentaires renforcés de fibres de différentes natures." Rennes, INSA, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012ISAR0020.
Full textAt room temperature, the addition of steel fibres in mortar conducts to an increase of mechanical strength and ductility. Exposed to high temperatures, a cement based material undergoes deterioration to a greater or lesser extent. Heat induces various changes of material properties; in particular changes to the micro-structure which are accompanied by loss of strength and mass. The aim our study is an experimental contribution about behaviour under extreme conditions in terms of temperature (e. G. Fire), of mortar reinforced by different fibres: steel fibres, polypropylene fibres and a hybrid fibre combination (½ steel fibres + ½ polypropylene fibres). Three types of standard mortar were studied, formulated with three different binders: CEM I, CEM I + SF and CEM III. Two types of cure were used: a dry cure and a wet cure. For the mortars with fibre addition, the fibre content was 0. 58% by volume. The exposure temperatures were set at 400°C, 500°C, 600°C, 700°C, 800°C and 1000°C. The rate of temperature increase was set at 2°C/min and 5°C/min. The mechanical properties (flexure strength, Young modulus, cracking energy, stress intensity factor, toughness factor, compression strength) were analysed before and after heating. A specific test using propane flame was defined. The rate of temperature increase is very elevated; the exposed face rapidly reaches a temperature of 1000°C. Samples were equipped with thermocouples to measure the temperature changes within the sample at different depths. Subsequently, to enable a comparison between the mechanical strength of samples a punching shear strength test was performed. A non-destructive characterisation of all mortars before and after heating was conducted: water capillarity absorption, interconnected porosity, helium permeability, ultrasonic pulse velocity, ultrasonic attenuation. Finally, our experimental study proposes a mortar formulation giving a good behaviour under severe temperatures and giving better residual mechanical properties