Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Matériaux de constructions'
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Achchaq, Fouzia. "Étude hygro-thermique de matériaux isolants fibreux." Amiens, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008AMIE0122.
Full textThe thesis objective is the understanding of hydric and thermic behavior of mineral and plant insulators used in building field. Two not weaved medias are chosen : glass wool and hemp wool. Three aspects constitute this study. The stuctural characterization of wools according macroscopic and microscopic scales (EVR, microporosity. . . ), then a hydric characterization in isothermal condition (sorption/desorption, cup test, ESEM. . . ) and finally, a thermic characterization (ATG, method Alembêta, thermal conductivity. . . )
Pérez-Gómez, David. "Seismic reliability of Reinforced Concrete buildings erected on hard soil nearby epicenter (case of Guerrero, Mexico)." Thesis, Paris Est, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PEST1066/document.
Full textWith real information provided by Mexican Institution, we begin this research. The objective is to measure the indexes of reliability of reinforced concrete buildings subjected to real seismic forces with near epicenter, erected on hard soil. There is a need to assess the uncertainty affecting the buildings in the State of Guerrero, since geophysical researches estimate a GAP of area of 220x90 2 km , which will generate an earthquake of Magnitude Mw=8.4. We expect that the predominant period has a range of 0.034 to 0.36 sec [Pérez D. and Mebarki A., 2007]. We achieved this, with the interpretation of 3600 real earthquake from a database of SMIS, selected by their great magnitude and near epicenter. Where the ordinate of the response spectrum of the ground should be superior than the design spectra, thereby considering the buildings that are at greatest risk of damage or collapse. Three proposals for buildings with different resistance emerge, that are: 1. To calculate according to the properties of the materials in the State of Guerrero. 2. To calculate with the properties of the region central of the country [RCDF], as currently done and. 3. To estimate a degradation of resistance of the buildings for the earthquakes suffered in the past. The capacity of lateral resistance of the buildings is considered with two analysis types, that are: 1. Static Adaptive Pushover Analysis [DAP], which measures the level of ductility that develops the building, knowing with this, the yield point and the ultimate capacity of each building. 2. Incremental Dynamic Analysis [IDA], in which the resistance of the building is evaluated in the time-history, with real seismic events scaled to know the duration in which the value of the state limit of the building has been exceeded. We observed that the indexes of reliability in the buildings subject to seismic forces with near epicenter are highly dependent on the conditions of ground and the magnitude of the earthquake. The effects of site changes significantly, when the magnitude of the seismic event increases, that make vary the building reliability indexes. These variations show the great importance and attention that should be devoted to properties of the materials in the State of Guerrero, because they influence significantly the fundamental period of the buildings
Con información real proporcionada por instituciones mexicanas iniciamos este trabajo de investigación. El objetivo es medir los índices de confiabilidad de los edificios de concreto reforzado sometidos a fuerzas sísmicas reales con epicentro cercano, construidos sobre un suelo rígido. Existe una necesidad de valorar la certidumbre en los edificios del estado de Guerrero, debido investigaciones de geofísica que estiman un GAP de área de 220x90 2km que generaría un evento sísmico de magnitud Mw=8.4. Determinamos que el periodo predominante tiene un intervalo de 0.034 a 0.36 [Pérez D. and Mebarki A., 2007]. Logramos esto, con la interpretación de 3600 sismos reales de una base de datos de la SMIS, seleccionados por su gran magnitud y epicentro cercano. Donde la ordenada del espectro de respuesta del suelo debe ser mayor a la del espectro de diseño, con ello considerar a los edificios que se encuentren con mayor riesgo de daño o colapso. Tres propuestas de edificios de diferentes resistencias surgen, que son: 1. Calcular con las propiedades de los materiales del estado de Guerrero. 2. Calcular con las propiedades de la región centro del país [RCDF], como se hace actualmente y, 3. Estimar una degradación de resistencia de los edificios por los sismos sufridos en el pasado. La capacidad de resistencia lateral del edificio se estima con dos tipos análisis, estos son: 1. Static Adaptive Pushover Analysis [DAP], con el cuál medimos el nivel de ductilidad que desarrolla el edificio, conociendo con esto, el punto de fluencia y el de capacidad última de cada edificio. 2. Incremental Dynamic Analysis [IDA], se evalúa la resistencia del edificio en la historia del tiempo, con eventos sísmicos reales escalados para conocer el momento en el cuál el valor del estado límite del edificio ha sido excedido. Se observó que los índices de confiabilidad en los edificios sujetos a fuerzas sísmicas con epicentro cercano, dependen mucho de las condiciones de suelo y la magnitud del sismo. Los efectos de sitio cambian de manera considerable cuando la magnitud del evento sísmico aumenta, lo que hace variar los índices de confiabilidad de los edificios. Esta variación le da importancia a conocer las propiedades de los materiales del estado de Guerrero, porque influyen en el periodo fundamental del edificio
Ruzicka, Martin. "Optimisation d'un procède de moussage protéinique de pates argile-ciment : conséquences sur le comportement physicomécanique du matériau durci." Lyon, INSA, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998ISAL0090.
Full textThis work studies the clay-cement composite foamed by a proteinic airentraining agent. The clayey part is presently an unused by-product of the exploitation of clay-containing sands. The air-entraining agent, recycled hemoglobin of ox-blood, is also an industrial waste-product. The clayey nature and the foamy character of the material make very complex its behavior in the fresh state as well as in the hardened state. In view of the material application in the building industry, it is absolutely indispensable to control this behavior. Therefore, the study and the optimization of this behavior make the object of this work. In the first part, some theoretical aspects are reviewed. Notably, the elements of clay behavior, its interactions with the cement and proteinic matter as well as the principles of foaming are given. The second and the third part present some characteristics of the mixture components and the applied experimental techniques respectively. The fourth part treats and analyzes the experimental results. Concerning the fresh material, we study the creation of foamed mixture and its rheology. Influences of the ph, of the constituents and of the chemical treatments are exposed. The behavior in the hardened state and the impacts of some treatments are evaluated. Finally, having in view a material of construction possessing the satisfactory properties and considering the results of the study, an optimal composition and foaming conditions are expressed
Rajhi, Ramzi. "Calcul des structures en thermo-élasto-plasticité cyclique, fiabilité et sensibilité aux paramètres matériaux." INSA de Rouen, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005ISAM0002.
Full textHoang, Viet Hai. "Interaction fluide-structure : comportement tribologique des matériaux minéraux à base cimentaire à l'état frais." Rennes, INSA, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011ISAR0036.
Full textThe tribological properties of cement based material and rigid metallic wall are studied. The range of normal stress is 21,7 – 358 kPa. The range of slip velocity is 10-3 – 10-1 m/s. The roughness is characterised by the Ra indicator and the analysed range is 0. 52 – 100 µm. Thus, the average structure of the material is taken into account in the study. This experimental study is realised by mean a tribometer. Such device is developed and validated in the laboratory. Finally, the wall friction reduction is studied and an electrical technique is used. Such technique induces the interface lubrication. The control of the lubrication regime was studied
Ciutina, Liviu Adrian. "Assemblages et comportement sismique de portiques en acier et mixtes acier-béton : Expérimentation et simulation numérique." Rennes, INSA, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003ISAR0016.
Full textThe work presented in this report concerns the seismic response of moment resisting steel or composite steel-concrete frames, influenced by the behaviour of their joints. The steel of the beam-to-column joints or the steel part in the case of composite joints are realised by bolted end-plate connections, using HSF bolts with controlled preloading. The first part of the study, having an experimental character, relates several series of tests, performed at Rennes and at Timisoara; its objective is to research the appropriate constructive layouts for an improved ductile behaviour of the steel and composite end-plate beam-to-column connections under monotonic and cyclic types of loading, under symmetrical or strongly unsymmetrical conditions. A particular attention is given to some detail points of the connections: the inferior part of the end-plate, by means of basic experimental tests on “T-stub” subassemblies, bevel type used for welding of beams to the end plates, the reinforcing of the column steel panel of the steel column by doubling plates, etc. This study allowed us to compare the experimental results with those of the models proposed by recent codes and to propose some recommendations and simple formulae in order to permit a better dissipative behaviour. A second part concerns the calibration of numerical models, by the help of DRAIN 2DX computer code, according to the results of the experimental tests. In the case of beam-columns type of elements, using a fibre model and including the measured characteristics of the materials it was proved that we can arrive to a good agreement as compared to the experimental results. As for the connections themselves, a sophisticated model, based on a multi-linear envelope curve of response and including a degrading cyclic behaviour, leads also to an adequate simulation of the real moment-rotation response curves. Into the third part, based on the dynamic non-linear analyses and on soil accelerograms, we try to take advantage of the behaviour of the steel and composite connections tested in laboratory. Five moment frames, from which one metallic and four composite are analysed, considering the beams jointed to columns by connections having a similar behaviour of those tested experimentally, so more or less rigid and/or more or less resistant. The location of the structures was supposed in zones having different nature and seismic levels, particularly in France and Romania. The responses are judged in terms of the required élasto-plastic rotation of the dissipative elements and by the required inter-story drifts. The global ductility response is interpreted in terms of the behaviour factor q and of the seismic performance factor η
Carjaval, Moncada Claudio Andrés. "Evaluation probabiliste de la sécurité structurale des barrages-poids." Clermont-Ferrand 2, 2009. https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01298893.
Full textPerrot, Arnaud. "Conditions d'extrudabilité des matériaux à base cimentaire." Rennes, INSA, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006ISAR0017.
Full textCement based material extrusion is not yet a very common forming process. As example, extrusion flow properties of such firm pastes are not well described. The possibility to extrude cement base materials seems to be very promising in the scope of high mechanical performanceprecast concrete. The study of the rheological and tribological behaviour shows that the studied materials exhibit a frictional plastic behaviour. The measurements of the permeability and compressibilty properties of the granular skeletons indicate the time of fluid filtration and the extrusion time are close. The addition of a vibration change the materials rheology (yield stress reduction with the vibration velocity). The observation of the axisymetrical flow typology induced by a ram displacement toward a square entry die shows the development of two dewatered zones during the extrusion. The first zone is located near the ram and the second is the dead zone. A simplified analytical model allow to compute the extrusion force, in such geometry, integrating the flow induced heterogeneities. An ininterrupted forming process industrially working is then studied: the material screw extrusion. Results show that with a sufficient rotation velocity of the screw, the induces flow is undrained and the material stays homogeneous. The pertinency of a coupling between vibration and extusion is then demonstrated. Such coupling allows to reduce the extrusion force. Finally, the limits of the extrudability domain in rotation velocity and vibration velocity is determined and plotted in two dimensions
Ahmat, Charfadine Mahamat. "Etude expérimentale des propriétés thermophysiques des matériaux locaux du Tchad : application au confort thermique de l'habitat." Lyon 1, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002LYO10021.
Full textThomas, Jean-Jacques. "Contrôle non destructif des matériaux et des structures par analyse dynamique non linéaire." Palaiseau, Ecole polytechnique, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995EPXX0020.
Full textHannawi, Kinda. "Conception, caractérisation physico-mécanique et durabilité de nouveaux matériaux de construction à caractère environnemental : application dans la technologie des constructions." Rennes, INSA, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011ISAR0012.
Full textOur research is part of sustainable development. It studies the potential use of waste plastics as a new source of material for construction sector and attempts to develop new composite materials incorporating plastic aggregates. To elaborate these composites, three types of plastic (PC, PET1 and PET0. 1) were introduced into cement mortars by replacing defined volume percentages of sand (3%, 10%, 20% and 50%). The mortars obtained were characterized by studying their microstructural, physical and mechanical properties. Their durability has also been studied using the tests of physical, thermal and chemical degradation. The results obtained show that the introduction of plastic aggregates in cementitious mortars causes a change in the microstructure, an increase in connected porosity and permeability, and a decrease in compressive and tensile strength. In counterpart of this reduction in strength, the incorporation of plastics aggregates gives lighter materials, significantly more ductile, which show a large deformation capacity and low ability to shrinkage cracking. These mortar composites also show a real interest in terms of thermal and acoustic insulation because their conductivity is lower and the acoustic wave propagation is slowed. All results presented allow concluding that in many applications where resistance to cracking due to imposed deformations is a performance criterion, the incorporation of plastic aggregates can be an effective solution to improve the durability. The Concretes with plastic aggregates represent ultimately a real path for plastic valorization at the end of life
Comair, Fadi Georges. "Etude des propriétés thermiques et mécaniques des matériaux de construction : application à l'habitat du Moyen-Orient." Lyon 1, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989LYO10077.
Full textDelhumeau, Gwenaël. "Hennebique et la construction en béton armé, 1892-1914 : des brevets aux matériaux." Paris 4, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1995PA040184.
Full textEkomy, Ango Blaise. "Contribution au stockage d'énergie thermique en bâtiment : déveveloppement d'un système actif à matériaux à changement de phase." Paris, ENSAM, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011ENAM0032.
Full textThe aim of our thesis work is to design size and manufacture an active system to phase change materials (PCM) for cooling and warming the house Napévomo located in Aquitaine, the latter participating in the Solar Decathlon competition (SDE2010). The approach proposed is intended to provide the reader with enough knowledge in thermal storage based on PCM to tockle the design of a cooling and heating system in passive building. The approach started by a state of the art of thermal storage systems based on PCM and determines the design requirements. These data leads us to developed a numerical model based on a static approach NUT-ε through the PCM characterization determine the main dimensioning elements of the system. The design is validated according to the energy loss of the system and it performance coefficient. The system has been manufactured in full size. It consists in four heat exchanger containing the PCM. Each heat exchanger is composed by exchanger a cluster of PCM. They are arranged in staggered rows on columns of tubes. A set of experimental devices has been made to observe the improvement of the heat exchange conductivity between the environment and the heat exchanger containing the PCM. The tests performed on one of the exchangers show encouraging results. Indeed, it enables to cool down in 7-8 hours and to regenerate the PCM during of 6 hours. At the Solar Decathlon (SDE2010), the developed system has proved to be efficient in cooling down the ambient air during the 6 days of the demonstration
Bouilly, Cristiana Monica. "Caractérisation de l'influence de l'humidité sur les interactions entre les polluants gazeux et les matériaux du bâtiment." La Rochelle, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007LAROS186.
Full textThe indoor air quality (IAQ) field has gained considerable interest of many researchers, interest clearly justified by the fact that the citizens spend more then 80% of their time inside of the buildings. During the past 15 years, many experimental studies have dealt with the environmental parameters (temperature, humidity, air velocity…) influence of on the volatiles organic compounds (VOC) emission and the reversible sink effect of materials. While for the temperature all this lead to a general consensus on its influence, the conclusions are very different sometimes even divergent for humidity. This appears as the main reason of our study. Our work implies an experimental study on the phenomena parameters identification involved into the pollutants transport through the building materials and a static and a dynamic modeling on the gaseous contaminants/humidity/wall interactions. To accomplish these items, the phenomena that appear in the pollutant transport process through the building materials are described. The lack in amount of data concerning the transfer coefficients give a good reason to research and to find some relations between the physical - chemical characteristics of VOC and transfer coefficients. The last part of this work implies the integration of the mass transfer models into a simulation code on the Matlab environment. This approach is similar with the thermal transfer models used by CSTB. Within these models we are able to reproduce the gaseous pollutant and humidity transfer in the materials and also we can study the humidity influence on the VOC/ wall interactions at many levels: diffusion level, adsorption and absorption level
Redares, Christian. "Contribution a l'étude du comportement thermique des batiments en régime transitoire : proposition de differents modèles simplifiés." Perpignan, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986PERP0007.
Full textFarooghi, Farzin. "Caracterisation des interfaces de chaussees mixtes : modelisation mecanique, auscultation radar." Rennes, INSA, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005ISAR0023.
Full textThe interface between a bituminous and cement pavement of the composite structures is studied, firstly using DEM simulations of a direct shear test and secondly via the analysis of the numerical and experimental response of double-layered to a signal radar. In the first part, we initially observed, by the analytical method, that debonding considerably decreases the life service of these structures. Then, we highlighted, by the Distinct Elements method, the influence of the contact bond, the friction and the particles grading on the shear strength. In the second part, the radar system is applied to detect the interface defects. We highlight the influence of the nature and thickness of the various types of interfaces (bonding , debonding and damaged of cement material) using the maximum amplitude and of the time delay of the signal reflected on the interfaces
Duprat, Didier. "Contribution à l'amélioration des méthodes de calcul en fatigue et tolérance aux dommages pour la conception, la justification et la maintenance des avions civils." Toulouse 3, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996TOU30268.
Full textBélanger, Jean. "Caractérisation des transferts hygrothermiques dans une enveloppe de bâtiment en bois par la résolution d'un problème inverse par l'optimisation des propriétés physiques des matériaux." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/69706.
Full textKhoufache, Nabil. "Contribution à la restructuration des ouvrages d'assainissement en maçonnerie au moyen de matériaux composites." Artois, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008ARTO0209.
Full textOf all the cities in the world, it is curently Paris which has the largest network of sewers. Many date from 19th century and are still in use. Although most of these sewerages continue to operate, their general condition is deteriorating inexorably. This study is part of the RESAME project. A reduction in rehabilitation costs of about 20% efficiency equivalent is the principal objective of this project while reducing time on-site. The aim of this thesis, largely literature, is to propose an experimental program that willl develop a process of reinforcement or repair works adapted to visited sewerages with ovoid shape in masonry millstone. The first part of this thesis enables to recount history, to give the various stages of construction of sewers of Paris and to take stock of the pathologies, the repair techniques and of the auscultation of these structures. A bibliographical summary on the application of this technique to repair masonry structures complete this part. The second part, from an experimental aspect, aims to characterize materials and in particular the interface coating/glue/composite. The structure without reinforcements were modelled to predict the mechanisms of ruins (kneecaps). Indded , given the complexity of ovoid in millstone, the tests are conducted for this experimental program on vaults in millstone reinforced or not. The characterization tests performed on millstone have identified the difficulty of characterizing these stones because of the heterogeneity of the material. The bonding composite fabric-based carbon fibers (Freyssinet) on a masonry vault has been coated adapted to strengthen it. The presence of fabric, helped delay the opening of cracks and reduce the displacement of. For a load of 250 kN, the keystone is 2. 8 mm for a non-reinforced vault and 1 mm for a reinforced vault
Hammouda, Abdelaziz. "Etude au séisme des structures élastoplastiques : Cas de l'oscillateur simple." Rennes, INSA, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009ISAR0009.
Full text: The purpose of this thesis is to take into account the behavior of inelastic structures subjected to periodic loading of seismic type. The study will be limited to a system with a single degree of freedom. The aim of the study is to investigate some behavioral domains of the oscillator connected to the modern theory of the nonlinear dynamic systems. This work deals with simple elastoplastic constitutive law within a dynamic framework. The concept of «Dynamic Rheology" can be used to characterize such an inelastic oscillator. Our first motivation is to analyze the dynamic behavior of an oscillator with a method used in the field of non-smooth dynamic systems. The first stage is to study stability and dynamics of an undamped symmetrical elastoplastic oscillator. This study made it possible to link the dynamic properties (limit cycles…) with the mechanical characteristics (shakedown, alternating plasticity). A bifurcation diagram is numerically highlighted. The study is enriched thereafter by introduction of viscous damping. Finally, stability and dynamics of an asymmetrical perfectly elastoplastic oscillator, subjected to a harmonic external excitation, is treated. The ratcheting phenomenon is theoretically simulated. These analyses lead to some recommendations, in term of symmetrical property that can be taken into account in the philosophy of seismic design
Sellier, Alain. "Modélisations probabilistes du comportement de matériaux et de structures en génie civil." Cachan, Ecole normale supérieure, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995DENS0012.
Full textMartinez, Thomas. "Revêtements photocatalytiques pour matériaux de construction : formulation, évaluation de l'efficacité et écotoxicité." Toulouse 3, 2012. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/2024/.
Full textPhotocatalysis shows great potential in the treatment of organic pollution, in gaseous or aqueous phases. Generally, ultrafine TiO2 particles are used for their photocatalytic performance but also for their superhydrophilicity under UV irradiation. These properties are responsible for the depolluting and self-cleaning functions of the resulting product. The aim of this PhD work is to use building materials as air purifiers and to limit levels of biofouling. For this purpose, the photocatalyst is implemented in a glaze. This type of product was chosen for its architectural interest: it allows existing surfaces to be treated while preserving their original appearance. In addition, because photocatalysis is a surface phenomenon, solutions such as coatings are particularly interesting since they can be applied to existing buildings and, at the same time, result in lower TiO2 consumption The coating was formulated using components free of organic solvents to reduce the toxicity of the final product. The stability and homogeneity of the glaze were verified in its storage conditions and the adhesion of the coating obtained was evaluated by abrasion tests. The photocatalytic properties were studied against several pollutants representative of air pollution: nitrogen oxides (NOx) and a mixture of VOCs (BTEX: benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, xylenes). Biological growth was assessed on the algae Chlorella (algal species often found in the microbiological composition of soil facades). In order to investigate the possible toxicity of the formulation, the VOC emissions from the glaze and the toxic and genotoxic impact of release into the aquatic environment were assessed. An experimental set-up was developed in order to study the influence of photocatalytic material (formulation and substrate) and operating conditions (humidity, pollutant initial concentration, contact time between the gas and the photocatalytic surface) on the photocatalytic oxidation of VOCs and NOx. The results showed that the performance depended on the humidity of the air, the initial concentration of pollutants and also the nature of the substrate coated. In addition, the durability evaluation of the glaze applied to mortar surfaces showed that the performance of NOx abatement was slightly impacted by the application of abrasion cycles (ISO 11998 and ASTM D2486). Biological growth assays were conducted using two devices to simulate different environmental conditions: a flow of water on inclined surfaces and humidification by capillarity. Whatever the experimental conditions, no inhibition of biofouling could be attributed to the phenomenon of photocatalysis. These observations support some literature results showing that biological development is not influenced by the presence of a photocatalyst, while the depolluting properties of the material have been validated on other compounds. However, in our tests, a slowdown in biological development could be observed using a water-repellent surface, another type of self-cleaning surface. The product toxicity assessment by measurement of VOCs in air showed that compounds characteristic of the composition of the glaze could be detected whatever the lighting conditions. In addition, the ecotoxicity assessment identified a concentration of the glaze beyond which growth inhibition in Xenopus larvae could be measured. However, these studies did not demonstrate genotoxicity in the organisms tested
Lucas, Franck. "Développement et validation de modèles thermo-hydriques dans les bâtiments : influence de la condensation et des systèmes de traitement d'air couplés aux bâtiments." La Réunion, 2001. http://elgebar.univ-reunion.fr/login?url=http://thesesenligne.univ.run/01_24_Lucas.pdf.
Full textNajar, Foued. "Contrôle non destructif par thermographie infrarouge des matériaux hétérogènes contenant des défauts." Cergy-Pontoise, 1997. http://biblioweb.u-cergy.fr/theses/97CERG0019.pdf.
Full textEspinouze, Sandrine. "Loi du maximum d'un processus stationnaire solution d'une équation différentielle stochastique." Clermont-Ferrand 2, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002CLF21361.
Full textKarrech, Ali. "Comportement des matériaux granulaires sous vibration - Application au cas du ballast." Phd thesis, Ecole des Ponts ParisTech, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00174829.
Full textpriori, influencer la vitesse de tassement. Ces résultats sont confrontés, par la suite, à l'approche numérique basée sur la dynamique moléculaire. Pour compléter l'étude du mécanisme de tassement, les effets de la granulométrie, de la forme des grains,
du degré de confinement et des paramètres de simulation sur la vitesse de tassement sont étudiés en utilisant l'approche discrète. Confrontés au coût élevé de la dynamique moléculaire, une nouvelle
approche de calcul de tassement à long terme a été proposée. Elle consiste à utiliser séquentiellement un calcul de dynamique moléculaire, une technique de prolongement et une méthode de relaxation afin de simuler à long terme l'écoulement de la matière au cours des cycles de chargement.
Cormery, Fabrice. "Contribution à la modélisation de l'endommagement par mésofissuration et du phénomène de localisation associé." Poitiers, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994POIT2356.
Full textAbdelghani, Maher. "Identification temporelle des structures : approche des algorithmes sous-espace dans l'espace état." Montpellier 2, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995MON20185.
Full textDavoodi, Behnam. "Etude du comportement quasi-statique et dynamique des matériaux métalliques à haute température : simulation numérique du formage à chaud." Rennes, INSA, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006ISAR0010.
Full textThe objective of this thesis lies within the general scope of searching constitutive equations for simulation of hot metal forming at high strain rate. In particular, we are interested in studying the dynamic behavior of aluminum 5083 by utilizing the shpb system for identification of the constitutive equation parameters at high strain rates and high temperatures. A new specimen in the form of a halter is introduced to facilitate the shpb test at an elevated temperature. The ability of this specimen to maintain its temperature, relative to the cylindrical specimen, between the cut-off of the heating device and prior to the impact of the striker, with or without contact with the pressure bars, has been studied via both experimental tests and finite element methods. The form of the specimen was optimized by comparing all the results obtained in experiments and by simulation. The parameters for all material models are identified from experimental data by using the inverse analysis method. For validation of the material model, shpb test is simulated at various strain rates and various temperatures. The explicit finite element code abaqus is used in these simulations. The validation methodology used here is to compare the recorded strain gauge histories measured on the pressure bars with the histories of the simulated strain gauges. Finally, an example is presented, where the process of hot forming of aluminum panels of airplanes is simulated and studied via fe modeling
Arnault, Axel. "Simulation et optimisation de l'intégration de matériaux à changement de phase dans une zone thermique." Thesis, Université Laval, 2012. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2012/28549/28549.pdf.
Full textMai, Ton Hoang. "Etudes dynamique et thermique d’écoulements d'air dans une cavité de grand rapport d'allongement en régime in-stationnaire." Lyon, INSA, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990ISAL0062.
Full text[In our present work we develop detailed numerical soltwares of the thermal and dynamic behaviour of an thermal instillation wall used to recover power with a counter flow heat exchanger integrated between the extracted and renewed air flow of one building. The first part consists of a theoretical study in in-stationary regime when the system is submitted to a sudden step air flow variation and the energetic gain brought by the exchanger presence. Aeraulics and thermal effects are taken into account in the wall model. Real scale apparatus is modified to obtain a rigours control of the aeraulics and thermal parameters permitting experimentations for the validation of theoretical results. This study leads to air flows modelling of an open vertical cavity weak ventilated with a large aspect ratio. All of these results permit at first to envisage the running mode of the system and secondly to better encircle convection heat transfer phenomenon at fluid-wall interface. In the second part, we study the thermal and energetic performances of this exchange wall integrated in a single zone building. Then we compute of the energy savings brought up by the wall and we compare its energetic gain in relation to other "dynamic" insulation systems (parieto-dynamic, parieto + Heat pump. . . )]
Richard, Théo. "Capteur sans électronique pour la surveillance sans fil de la santé des infrastructures maritimes." Thesis, Nantes, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020NANT4064.
Full textThe natural evolution of hydraulic concrete as well as the effect generated by pathogens (i.e. chloride ions) have a direct impact on the durability of reinforced concrete structures. This thesis project aims at implementing a new SHM approach to engineering structures. This approach is based on the development of a passive, autonomous and low-cost sensor, directly integrated into the concrete coating of the structures and communicating wirelessly with external interrogators. This technological solution aims at establishing a predictive maintenance process based on the monitoring of chloride penetration fronts and therefore of reinforcement corrosion. A preliminary phase of digital modelling and experiments allowed us to optimize the choice of the sensor topology. The first prototypes of drowned antennas insensitive to changes in the dielectric states of healthy and degraded concrete were produced. These antennas were then coupled to loads on the periphery of their radiating surfaces. These fillers are sensitive to chlorides. The combination of these two elements defines the architecture of the passive and autonomous sensor. The operating principle of the sensor is related to the length reduction of its load, which is in direct contact with chlorides due to corrosion. his degradation induces a change in the resonance frequency of the sensor, which acts as an indicator of degradation of the concrete coating. By reflecting the EM waves emitted from an antenna on the surface of the structure, it is possible to recover information about the corrosion state of the load. This defines the principle of our technological solution, without power supply and without integrated electronics. Finally, extensive experimental campaigns on laboratory-controlled concrete test bodies which represent the regional fleet of structures, enabled us to validate our approach
Cheikh, Mohammed. "Réanalyse de l'équilibre des structures : application à l'étude des assemblages collés et de l'endommagement des matériaux composites." Dijon, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997DIJOS079.
Full textDavid, Damien. "Etude expérimentale de la convection naturelle aux abords de parois contenant des matériaux à changement de phase." Lyon, INSA, 2010. http://theses.insa-lyon.fr/publication/2010ISAL0114/these.pdf.
Full textWallboards containing phase change materials (PCM) can be used to improve the heat storage in lightweight buildings. This solution needs to be validated with building simulations, but the convection coefficient between PCM panels and air is not known. That’s why a study of the convection heat transfer near a PCM wallboard has been achieved during this PhD thesis. The work done during the thesis consisted in a theoretical study of the air / wall coupling during the transient regime, and an experimental study. The theoretical study showed that the heat capacity of building wallboards is too high to consider the transient effects in the boundary layer, such as the leading edge effect. A simple model, based on the Von-Karmann Pohlhausen method, has been developed in order to predict the temperature profiles on a wall with a constant heat flux, in a linearly stratified media. The experimental setup is designed to impose a ramp to the ambient temperature. The back face of the test panel is thermally insulated. The setup has been designed from one insulated 2:4m_2:4m_2:4m box. 72 thermocouples are used to determine temperatures and heat fluxes at the surface of the test panel and in the ambient media. The heat flux values obtained with heat flux meters have shown high measurement errors. That’s why an inverse model has been developed to predict the value of the heat flux leaving homogeneous and PCM panels
Bui, Quoc-Bao. "Stabilité des structures en pisé : durabilité, caractéristiques mécaniques." Lyon, INSA, 2008. http://theses.insa-lyon.fr/publication/2008ISAL0093/these.pdf.
Full textRammed earth construction is an ancient technique which is attracting renewed interest throughout the world today, thanks to the energy performance of this material throughout the lifecycle of a building: construction, occupation and demolition phases. Although rammed earth is currently regarded as a promising material in the construction sector in the context of sustainable development, it is still difficult to quantify its durability, as well as its mechanical and thermal performances, which discourages people from using it. This thesis is devoted to the study of these problems, especially the two first ones. The study of the durability of rammed earth was carried out on rammed earth walls exposed for 20 years to natural weathering, in a wet continental climate. A method to measure the rammed earth walls erosion by stereo-photogrammetry has been developed. The result shows a lifetime longer than 60 years in the case of the unstabilised rammed earth wall. This shows a potential for the use of unstabilised rammed earth in the similar climatic conditions with this study. The method of stereo-photogrammetry used to measure the erosion of rammed earth walls on site may also help to calibrate and develop more pertinent laboratory test to assess the durability of rammed earth wall. The study of the mechanical characteristics of rammed earth in compression was carried out on three different scales. The first is the scale of in-situ walls. Dynamic measurements were carried out on site to determine the Eigen frequencies of the walls. The elastic modulus was determined from the frequencies measured by using a finite element model. The second is the scale of a representative volume element (RVE). Rammed earth RVE samples with dimensions similar to those of the walls on site were manufactured and tested in the laboratory. Finally, at the last scale, called the micro-mechanical scale, tests were performed on equivalent compressed earth blocks (CEBs), which can replace the rammed earth RVE samples to facilitate laboratory tests. An exploratory study of seismic characteristics of rammed earth houses has also been established. The comparison of Eigen periods of rammed earth houses obtained from in-situ measurements and those of empirical formula proposed by seismic standards has been done. The strengthening techniques to improve the seismic capacity of rammed earth houses were also discussed
Lepetit, Luc. "Etude d'une méthode de diagnostic de digues avec prise en compte du risque de liquéfaction." Clermont-Ferrand 2, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002CLF21340.
Full textKotelnikova-Weiler, Natalia. "Optimisation mécanique et énergétique d'enveloppes en matériaux composites pour les bâtiments." Phd thesis, Université Paris-Est, 2012. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00807510.
Full textHoang-Tung, Vu. "Etude critique des méthodes simplifiées d'analyse des portiques en acier en zones sismiques." Rennes, INSA, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006ISAR0025.
Full textZayat, Kamel Afif. "Contribution à l’étude au choc du béton et mortier de fibres." Lyon, INSA, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989ISAL0021.
Full textThis research concerns the experimental and theoretical examination of the behaviour law mortar reinforced by the amorphous cast iron fibre under mono-axially compression impulse and static charge under 4 points bending tests. In the first part, we realize the experimental study in static compression to establish the relation between stress and strain and the behaviour degradation's law of material. We develop a numerical method which can treat the experimental measurement and obtain the relation between the stress and the strain until the rupture. The last part concerns the theoretical approach of the phenomenon of waves reflections and waves propagation through the non-homogenous medium. The exploitation of the numerical model can valorous the treatment of the experimental results and understand the different physical mechanisms developed during the shock. In conclusion, we compare our results with experimental ones given from other research and we establish the rôle played by the fibres in case of shock solicitation
Bertrand, Lionel. "Influence d'un MHEC sur les propriétés physiques et mécaniques d'un enduit de rénovation de façade : étude de l'adhérence de l'enduit sur une pierre de Tuffeau." Lyon, INSA, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004ISAL0087.
Full textRenovation renders are complex materials. They content many components: cement, lime, aggregates and organic admixtures. One of them, the water retentive, allows to retain the water inside the render when applied on a porous substrate. In this study, the retentive admixture is a cellulose ether (MHEC). Its mode of action and effects on render properties are not well known. The aim of this work is to measure and explain the MHEC influence on the render adhesion when applied on a limestone substrate (tuff). Therefore, we compared Iwo renders, with and without MHEC. However, the adjunction of MHEC demands an addition of water during the render mix to obtain similar render workability. The study of the render adhesion is done thanks to the Wedge Splitting Test. This test allows to control the crack propagation at the render/substrate interface and gives many information (load, stiffness, fracture energy). The characterization of mechanical (elastic modulus) and physical properties (length variations, setting kinetics) of renders completed by the study of water movements (suction, evaporation) helps to understand their adhesive behavior. Also, modifications due to MHEC addition were underlined, separately of the render water content. ESEM observations of the renders hydration and of the renders/substrate fracture surfaces allow to raise assumptions on the MHEC action mode
Pérez, Gómez David. "Seismic reliability of Reinforced Concrete buildings erected on hard soil nearby epicenter (case of Guerrero, Mexico)." Phd thesis, Université Paris-Est, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00584399.
Full textMébarki, Ahmed. "Sur l'approche probabiliste de la fiabilité des structures de génie civil : la méthode de l'hypercône et ses algorithmes d'application." Toulouse 3, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990TOU30181.
Full textMelo, Moura Jorge Daniel de. "Utilisation en structures des résineux à faible densité : conséquences technologiques de scénarios sylvicoles extrêmes." Nancy 1, 1996. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/SCD_T_1996_0041_DE_MELO_MOURA.pdf.
Full textKedowide, Yannick-Ariel. "Analyses expérimentales et numériques du comportement hygrothermique d’une paroi composée de matériaux fortement hygroscopiques." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015GREAA015/document.
Full textMore stringent thermal regulations, made necessary the inclusion of mass transfer in building walls and their interaction with heat transfer, particularly for those composed of porous and highly hygroscopic materials.The experimental device consists of two walls mounted and tested on PASSYS orientable cells, with controlled indoor environment, located on the CEA-INES site in Le Bourget du Lac. The wood framed walls, with a wood fiber insulation were tested under different internal and external conditions, depending respectively on internal monitored temperature and humidity, or orientation. The one-year long experimental measurements have shown the influence of moisture fluctuations on the thermal behavior of the tested walls, and also the influence of temperature on the moisture in the walls.A numerical model was used to simulate the phenomena observed in experimental conditions. The model, developed on DYMOLA was firstly validated by a comparison with other existing numerical models, during a benchmark on experimental measurements under controlled conditions. It was then used to simulate experimental sequences on external conditions of this work. Comparing the numerical and experimental results have shown a correlation of the temperature measurements, but a difference for the moisture measurements. Parametric adjustments showed an overestimation of the Hygric inertia combined with an underestimation of the vapor permeability of the numerical model compared to experimental sequences. A mismatch of material properties such as reflected generally in the numerical models with the experimental conditions in which they are recorded is underlined
Li, Hang. "Utilisation de matériaux bois intelligents pour la gestion durable des infrastructures." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017TOU30288/document.
Full textFor fifteen years, we restart to construct with wood, and particularly with glulam to respond to the new challenges imposed by the issues of sustainable development. However, degradation issues related to moisture content (MC) or wetting/drying cycles limit the development of timber structures. As a result, the MC monitoring in timber structures becomes a critical issue. Today, several solutions exist but they do not allow a local monitoring in the lamellas of glulam. Such a solution would improve the prediction of the service life of timber structures. In the light of this observation, we proposed to transform glulam into "smart material" by embedding a MC monitoring system in the lamellas, and this, considering the major constraints of fabrication of this material (small glue line thickness, important bonding pressure, etc.). To achieve this, we have conducted a bibliographic research, in order to select the monitoring methods which can satisfy these constraints. According to this research, two technologies turn out to be interesting: the electrical measurements and the ultrasonic measurements. Several measurement configurations were proposed and tested in this PhD work. Thereafter, we conducted preliminary tests to make sure of the good functionality of these measurement configurations, and also to verify the behavior of sensors throughout the glulam fabrication process. Afterwards, we moistened the specimens with two different moistening protocols in order to verify the feasibility of MC monitoring with embedded sensors. Results showed that all the measurement configurations are operational for the MC monitoring in glulam specimens. Moreover, for electrical measurements, our results show that we can adopt almost the same calibration models for the MC monitoring by resistive measurements, no matter the type of sensors used. Furthermore, it is possible to obtain complementary information by the realization of the resistive and capacitive measurements at the same time, using surface electrodes. Regarding the ultrasonic measurements, we have obtained the sensibility curves in frequency of several families of piezoelectric film sensors. On the other hand, the influence of bonding pressure and of sensor distance on the electrical/ultrasonic measurements was also investigated in this study. Future studies will consist in using these measurement configurations to perform in situ monitoring in timber structures, and also to establish a link between the durability of glulam structures and the wetting/drying cycles in order to predict the service life of timber structures
Avenier, Cédric. "Ciments d'églises, semences de chrétiens : constructions religieuses et industrie cimentière en Isère au XIXème siècle." Grenoble 2, 2004. https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01885678.
Full textThis work analyses the odd use of cements as new materials applied to traditional buildings, churches, in the Isère diocese-departement. In those days, this region had a rebuilding policy and was leader in the production of cements. A first part shows the people interested in the rebuilding of churches (architects, priests, bishops), because of an underestimated patrimonial area (neglected historical monuments), according to the temporal values of the clergy. Furthermore, the Cartusians were paying for it, and the cements were cheap. A second part focuses on the starts of cements. The region was favourable to the production and use of cements (financial and technical facilities, family connections, political implications). Then, it also explains the way it was manufactured and used. A third part suggests a link between the history of architecture (the demands of command, its realisations), and the principles of a practical construction (similarities of churches, prefabricated elements) while relating them to the artistic theories of the time. This multidisciplinary study deals with history, history of art, techniques history in order to highlight the contribution for 19th century French architecture of this regional adventure. It depicts how the cements transformed the architecture of this region and how it took place between stone and concrete
Hautefeuille, Martin. "Modélisation numérique des matériaux hétérogènes : une approche EF multi-échelle et orientée composant." Compiègne, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009COMP1802.
Full textConcrete like materials display a matrix/inclusions heterogeneous meso structure visible to the naked eye. In this PhD thesis, an integrated multiscale Finite Element based strategy is proposed. The latter carries out simultaneously structural level computation and mesoscale ones which enriched the macro scale behavior. This method aims at describing global structural collapse accounting for complex failure mechanisms at their proper scales of occurrence. The proposed computational approach derives from non-overlapping domain decomposition techniques. Each element of a structure discretization receives a finner description of the underlying meso structure. Localized Lagrange multipliers ensure a dual compatibility between the macroscale and the mesoscale displacements. A dedicated parallel software architecture has been implemented using the middleware CTL (Component Template Library) developed at the TU Braunschweig. A lattice meso model has been employed in order to describe the fine scale. Each truss element is provided with two kinematics enrichments. Such model is able to account for the heterogeneous phase arrangement and the quasi-brittle behavior of such materials
Karraz, Khaldoun. "Comportement cyclique à long terme d'un matériau granulaire : modèle pour application aux infrastructures ferroviaires." Thesis, Paris Est, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PEST0265.
Full textThe use of high-speed trains makes it crucial to understand and predict the long term dynamic behavior of railway tracks. In particular, the settlement of infrastructures incurs track maintenance costs. This settlement of infrastructure is besides closely linked to the physical properties of the material, when stressed by a cyclic loading. The thesis describes the experimental results obtained on a so called « micro-ballast » material whose grain properties are similar to those of a ballast used for train tracks, but having reduced grain size (d/D=6/24) . Experiments are performed by using triaxial testing on tow diameters (300 mm and 100 mm). 1. Tests under monotone compression: failure tests provided evidence for a curvature of the failure envelop and a significant scale effect between both sample sizes. 2. Tests under cyclic loading: The experimental plane took into account the influence of the application frequency used for the cyclic loading, the confining pressure, the applied charge and the number of cycles. An interpretation of the results in the context of constitutive equations which can be used for the simulation of a high number of cycles is presented
Miranville, Frédéric. "Contribution à l'étude des parois complexes en physique du bâtiment : modélisation, expérimentation et validation expérimentale de complexes de toitures incluant des produits minces réfléchissants en climat tropical humide." La Réunion, 2002. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00463069/fr/.
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