Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Matériaux de pointe'
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the top 50 dissertations / theses for your research on the topic 'Matériaux de pointe.'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Browse dissertations / theses on a wide variety of disciplines and organise your bibliography correctly.
Crevoisier, d'Hurbache Jordan de. "Analyse multi-échelles de la fatigue des élastomères : définition et identification de l'endommagement en pointe de fissure." Paris 6, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA066381.
Full textThis study is part of the AMUFISE project (ANR, program " Matériaux Fonctionnels et Procédés Innovants") driven by the Michelin manufacture. It is focused on the study of material behavior, damage and crack propagation in filled elastomers using digital image correlation (DIC) as a kinematic measurement technic. The volume variation measurements on a sample under uniaxial cyclic loading shows a loss of incompressibility beyond a strain threshold. These results confirm those from a parallel study on the same materials using small angle X-ray scattering and showing a cavitation at a nanoscale. We also highlighted an anisotropy in the material behavior. A new methodology to identify behavior law parameters in an inhomogenious test was proposed. The principle is to minimise the difference between displacement fields measured using DIC and displacements fields obtained with a Finite Element program in which the limit conditions come from the measurments. We show at convergence that the difference between these two fields (of very low amplitude) essentially contains noise from the kinematic measurements. This technic does not depend on the complexity of the law used and is non-inrusive to the industrial finite element program. The study on crack propagation also benefist from the DIC measurements. Howewer, it appears that discriminant scales to highlight blunting phenomena and the crack propagation stabilisation are under 50-100 µm
Travaillot, Thomas. "Caractérisation mécanique des matériaux élastiques à l'échelle locale par microscopie à pointe vibrante : Approche multimodale et mesure de champs." Thesis, Besançon, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014BESA2011/document.
Full textThis work proposes an improvement of the Scanning Microdeformation Microscope (SMM), a scanningprobe microscope, for the mechanical elastic characterization of materials at local scale. It demonstratesthat using n > 2 SMM resonance frequencies allows to decouple Young’s modulus andPoisson’s ratio values for an isotropic material.The mechanical description of the resonator has been enriched in order to allow for an accuratemodeling over a wide frequency range. Procedures have been developed to identify the modellingparameters and the elastic constants of the materials from n > 2 resonant frequencies. Finally, theseprocedures have been applied to the characterization of various materials at local scale in order tovalidate the method and to present possibilities and limits.To improve robustness and move towards the characterization of anisotropic materials, a polarizedlightimaging interferometer was developed to measure the rotation field of reflecting surfaces in aparticular direction. The sensitivity to the rotation originates from a homemade birefringent prism withuniaxial gradient of refractive index. This system is able to measure a localized rotation field as it isinduced in the vicinity of the tip of the SMM. Its interest is also demonstrated in cases in which scaleeffects make the rotation measurement preferable to the out-of-plane displacement measurement
Boularas, Abderrahmane. "Modélisation multidimensionnelle des interactions électrostatiques pointe/diélectrique en microscopie à champ proche." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015TOU30366/document.
Full textThe Scanning Probe Microscopy techniques (SPM) are highly diversified and no longer confined to expert laboratories, being widely used by material scientists for "micro" or "nano" applications. The use of Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM), and techniques derived from it, such as Electrostatic Force Microscopy (EFM) or Kelvin Force Microscopy (KFM), provides a considerable advantage allowing the acquisition of new information down to nanoscale, such as the charge state of dielectric materials and their ability to store and dissipate charges. However, these techniques do not allow to precisely know the spatial distribution of the lateral and deep distribution of the space charge in the insulating materials, required for a better understanding of the phenomena of transportation and charge trapping data. For this purpose, we are interested in the electrostatic force distance curve -EFDC- as a new tool to allow the location of the space charge. The aim of the thesis is to understand the relationship between the shape of the force curve and the spatial positioning of the space charge in the material. To do this, two studies were conducted in parallel: an experimental study and a study by numerical modeling. The research work here is focused mainly on the simulation of the AFM probe by electrostatic modeling of physical phenomena. One of the difficult obstacles to do in this work is the taken in account disparity of scale objects modeled and the three-dimensionality of the system. For this purpose, a mathematical model for the study of electrostatic interactions between an AFM tip and the surface of a dielectric material has been developed in 2D. The discretization of equations describing the system is based on a new numerical scheme of high order finite volume method obtained by the principle of polynomial reconstruction operator. This first model was used to understand the influence of the geometry of the tip, including the radius of curvature of the apex and the half-opening angle on the qualitative and quantitative aspects of the force curves. The results show, for example, more than the radius of curvature of the tip is smaller the curvature of the force curve is pronounced
Lambert, Yvan. "Étude de l'endommagement en pointe de fissure dans le cas de la fissuration en plasticité non confinée." Compiègne, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986COMPI230.
Full textLe, Gac Gaëlle. "Etude de l'impact d'une pointe SNOM sur les propriétés des modes optiques d'une cavité à base de cristaux photoniques." Phd thesis, Ecole Centrale de Lyon, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00564496.
Full textFan, Ji. "Analyse et simulation de résonateurs piézoélectriques pour des applications de filtrage." Limoges, 2009. https://aurore.unilim.fr/theses/nxfile/default/09506f6e-4c71-4a2a-880d-dacaf0cea95f/blobholder:0/2009LIMO4012.pdf.
Full textUsing the least squares method and the one-dimensional analyze, we present a method for all BAW (Bulk Acoustic Wave) resonator computation. Based on the proposed method, the thickness of the layer and the surface of the filter can be easily optimized. This method can be also used to calculate the performance of all filters BAW. We have fabricated the piezoelectric resonators in our laboratory. We present all the technologies that we have used for the thin film layer deposition and all the processes for the etching. The resonators realized in our laboratory are composed of 4 layers: top electrode (Mo), piezoelectric layer (AlN), bottom electrode (Mo) and the membrane (SiO2). The responses of the measure are consistent with the results of the simulation
Durif, Emilien. "Caractérisation du couplage mécano-électrochimique en pointe de fissure lors de la fissuration assistée par corrosion sous contrainte : cas du Zircaloy-4 en milieu aqueux halogéné." Phd thesis, INSA de Lyon, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00759340.
Full textSvarnas, Panayiotis. "Etude expérimentale de l'influence du plasma froid (N2, O2, Ar, Air) créé dans une décharge luminescente de géométrie pointe-plan sur les propriétés de surface de matériaux polymères : application au traitement des couches minces de PS." Pau, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PAUU3014.
Full textThe principal objects of the present thesis are : the optimized production of atactic polystyrene thin films of increased wettability, the study of macroscopic characteristics of the plasma in absence/presence of these samples and the definition of specific mechanisms which govern the plasma-polymer interaction. The techniques used are NMR, XPS, SEM, AFM analyses, contact angle measurements, electrical and optical measurements. Contact angles varying between 5ʿ and 20ʿ are obtained with drops of deionized water. The applied treatment does not practically alter the surface mophology of the thin films. The excited neutral species play the principal role to the surface treatment and the emphasis is givent to the role of metastable particles. The polymer provokes changes in the cathodic sheath of the discharge
Shinko, Tomoki. "Experimental Characterization of Influence of Gaseous Hydrogen on Fatigue Crack Propagation and Crack Tip Plasticity in Commercially Pure Iron." Thesis, Chasseneuil-du-Poitou, Ecole nationale supérieure de mécanique et d'aérotechnique, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019ESMA0003/document.
Full textThe objective of this study is to experimentally characterize Hydrogen-Affected Fatigue Crack Growth (HAFCG) behavior under various conditions and clarify the mechanism by focusing on crack tip plasticity. For this objective, as a first step, the influence of hydrogen on plastic deformation has been investigated by means of tensile tests in a commercially pure iron, Armco iron, under gaseous hydrogen. The results of the tests pointed out that the hydrogen effect on crack propagation is more important than that on uniform plastic deformation. Then, the HAFCG was investigated by means of FCG tests under various conditions of crack tip stress intensity ΔK, hydrogen gas pressure (PH2 = 3.5 and 35 MPa) and loading frequency (f = 0.02 – 20 Hz). It has been revealed that the FCGRs in a high ΔK regime were highly enhanced by hydrogen up to 50 times higher than the one in air. The fracture mode was a brittle intergranular fracture in a low ΔK regime, while it is a brittle transgranular quasi-cleavage one in a high ΔK regime. The value of ΔKtr (value of ΔK triggering the FCGR enhancement) decreases by increasing the pressure PH2. Besides, the FCGR enhancement increases by decreasing the frequency f. Once f becomes lower than a critical value, the HAFCG rate significantly decreases down to the same level as in nitrogen., The crack tip plasticity was analyzed in a multiscale approach by means of optical microscopy, out-of-plane displacement measurement, and scanning transmission electron microscopy of dislocation structure immediately beneath the fracture surface (FIB/STEM). As a result, no clear modification of monotonic crack tip plasticity by hydrogen was observed, while a drastic reduction of cyclic crack tip plasticity associated with the FCGR enhancement was identified. Based on the experimental evidences, models of the hydrogen-induced intergranular FCG mechanism involving microvoid coalescence along grain boundary and the hydrogen-induced transgranular FCG mechanism involving cyclic cleavage due to crack tip plasticity reduction have been proposed. Three characteristic criteria of HAFCG (ΔKtr, hydrogen gradient (PH2 × f)1/2 and upper limit of FCGR) have been established. These criteria are expected to be useful for improving fatigue design and reliability of hydrogen-related equipment
Nguyen, Thanh Hai. "Modélisation numérique et rhéologie des matériaux à particules déformables." Thesis, Montpellier, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016MONTT273/document.
Full textSoft-particle materials are complex forms of matter that occur in numerous applications in chemical, pharmaceutical, cosmetic and food products. Joint effects of disorder and large particle deformations lead to novel mechanical properties that differ from those of rigid-particle materials. In particular, the compressibility and shear resistance depend on both particle rearrangements and their shape change. In this doctoral work, we developed an original approach for numerical simulation of these systems. To allow the particles to deform without breakage, each particle is modeled as an aggregate of frictionless primary particles interacting via a Lennard-Jones attraction force and impenetrability constraints. Energy dissipation by inelastic collisions between primary particles leads to the plastic nature of particle deformations. This model was used to investigate the compaction and shear behavior of soft-particle systems. We find that the compressibility is strongly nonlinear as the packing fraction increases beyond that of a random close packing of rigid particles. In continuous shearing, a critical state is reached with a dilatancy that depends on the confining pressure. In this state, we investigate the shear resistance, distributions of particle shapes, fabric properties and inter-particle forces as a function of the confining pressure. We also compare our results with those obtained by using the Material Point Method (MPM) with elastic particles
Therrien, Pascale. "Mise au point de matériaux d'électrode pour l'électrooxydation des cyanures." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape7/PQDD_0015/MQ56976.pdf.
Full textTherrien, Pascale. "Mise au point de matériaux d'électrode pour l'électrooxydation des cyanures." Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 1998. http://savoirs.usherbrooke.ca/handle/11143/4454.
Full textGharib, Turath. "Renforcement des structures historiques en maçonnerie par matériaux composites : application aux murs en pierres calcaires." Thesis, Lyon 1, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LYO10094/document.
Full textThis work concerns the study of the reinforcement of stone structures with composite materials. Two reinforcing techniques are used. One is reinforcement by cement matrix reinforced with textile TRC of glass fiber. The other is by reinforcing FRP fiberglass rods according to NSM technique (near-surface mounted). The first phase consists of materials characterization and analysis of mechanical behavior in compression shear and tensile of small masonry specimens made of stone and mortar. The characteristic values of the mechanical behavior of the masonry are compared with the different models in the literature which calculate the characteristic parameters and give a good approximation with the experimental results. In addition, the behavior of reinforced materials is tested in tension and the behavior of the adhesion between the reinforcement and the masonry is studied. The second phase focuses on strengthening masonry walls subjected to two types of loading. One is in-plane shear of walls made with the diagonal compression test. Represents the second bending loads to 3 points out of plane walls accompanied by axial compression forces which cause a compressive stress of 0.2 MPa. The shear test was performed on square walls of five rows of stones with mortar. Strengthening by two vertical bars NSM FRP significantly improves the ductility and shear modulus of the walls and the reinforcement with two orthogonal layers TRC improves shear strength. Finally the application of analytical models used to compare the experimental results with the results given by the models. In addition, the bending test with 3-point is carried out on walls composed of twelve rows of stones with mortar. The reinforcement with two vertical bars and two crossbars increased more elastic stiffness. However, the reinforcement with TRC composed of a single layer of textile accompanied with a vertical bar FRP does not increase the resistance of the wall relative to the resistance of the reinforced wall with a single layer of textile or with a simple vertical bar
Reymann, Jean-Jacques. "Mise au point d'un essai de fatigue en flexion des matériaux composites." Ecully, Ecole centrale de Lyon, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985ECDL0017.
Full textLecomte, Antoine. "Mise au point des techniques d'analyse, maîtrise et optimisation de l'architecture poreuse interconnectée des céramiques phosphocalciques biphasées." Nantes, 2006. http://archive.bu.univ-nantes.fr/pollux/show.action?id=ed8d78c9-1138-45ef-bed7-8bb2ca6507dc.
Full textPorous micro architecture is one of the main quality parameter for biphasic calcium phosphate implants. It allows a deep penetration of fluids and osteogenic cells into the ceramic. Consequently, interconnection of macro, meso and micropores is required to allow osteoconduction. Interconnected porosity has been quantified using original analysis methods such as permeability and tortuosity factor measurement and the use of a 3D void space modelling software to characterize the ceramics. Using these methods, ceramics have been synthesized to identify formulation parameters that govern interconnected porosity. The importance of % of porogen, the association of two porogens and the “interconnecting” role of sucrose have been put into relief. In vitro cellular cytocompatibility assays have been performed to evaluate and optimise biological properties of our ceramics
DOS, MARTIRES NOEL. "Mise au point d'une procedure de determination de la tenacite sous sollicitation dynamique d'un materiau ductile." Palaiseau, Ecole polytechnique, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999EPXX0051.
Full textDelage, Marie-Ève. "Caractérisation de points quantiques comme matériau luminescent pour applications en dosimétrie." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/35023.
Full textThis thesis presents the investigation of a new luminescent material as the sensible volume of scintillating dosimeters, a material which has been developed in the past twenty years: colloidal quantum dots (cQDs). These nanocrystals are composed of semiconductors and have unique properties, which are in part due to the three-dimensional quantum confinement of their charge carriers. cQDs constitute a material of interest for scintillation dosimetry since they have a more important light emission than their bulk counterpart. Moreover, they have a wide absorption and a narrow emission spectrum, for which their maximum absorption (emission) is tuneable with the cQD size and composition. The cQDs can be incorporated to many physical supports like liquids or plastics. Few studies have characterized cQDs as scintillators for an application in radiation oncology dosimetry. Thus, many research paths had to be explored to establish the portrait of cQDs as a luminescent material for applications in dosimetry. cQDs under multiple physical forms were tested: powder, liquids and plastics. Even though the major part of the thesis deals with the characterization of cQDs, work has been done on improving the light signal collection. This part of the project was motivated by the low duty cycle of the linear accelerator (0.144%), which results in a continuous light acquisition including a lot of noise. Thus, a prototype of an integrated synchronized circuit was developed and lead to a better signal to noise ratio of the light signal collected, evaluated to be up to 8 times better. The first study on the cQD characterization reports the comparison results of the resistance to ionizing radiation of core/shell (CS) and multishell (MS) cQDs, the type that is used throughout the thesis. MS cQDs have proven to have a better radiation resistance than CS cQDs due to their better surface passivation. Moreover, repeated irradiations separated with pauses put forward an opposite trend concerning the effect of the pauses on the recovery of the scintillation efficiency. CS cQDs presented an accelerated degradation of their light production efficiency while MS cQDs showed a systematic scintillation efficiency recovery. In the second study, measurements were conducted in order to characterize the cQD liquid dispersions. It was observed that the cQD dispersion scintillation efficiency was dependent on the nature of the solvent. The alkylbenzene dispersion, offering the best light production, wasshown to reach a tenth of the light emission intensity of the commercial scintillator Ultima Gold. This observation is remarkable since the cQD concentration is five orders of magnitude lower than the fluorophore concentration in Ultima Gold. The last study presents the continuing characterization of the cQD powder and the cQD liquid dispersions as dosimeters. It is reported that their scintillation output is linear with dose when the cQDs are irradiated with various photon and electron beam energies. The light output dependence on beam energy was also quantified and it was shown that the cQD liquid dispersions have the least important dependence. Indeed, the alkylbenzene dispersion has a maximal signal variation from 6 MV of 15% observed at 220 kVp, a variation lower than what was reported for the scintillating fiber BCF-60 and Ultima Gold. Preliminary results are also presented for the cQD plastic scintillators. At kV energies, it was observed that the energy dependence of the scintillation output followed a similar trend than that of the BCF-60’s but had a lower variation amplitude. To conclude, each of the cQD forms has a potential in being used for scintillation dosimetry considering their proper particularities. These particularities are discussed in detail in the conclusion of the thesis.
Barichard, Anne. "Enregistrement et analyses physico-chimiques de réseaux dans des matériaux composites polymères-points quantiques." Thesis, Université Laval, 2011. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2011/28504/28504.pdf.
Full textMiquel, Anne. "Détermination expérimentale des caractéristiques hydriques des matériaux du bâtiment : contribution à la mise au point et validation de techniques nouvelles." Paris 12, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997PA120012.
Full textLucas, Anthony. "Étude et mise au point de transformateurs large bande radiofréquence." Cachan, Ecole normale supérieure, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00505792/fr/.
Full textThis work concern the integration of inductive components used in radiofrequency range (1 to 600 MHz). The decrease of the component size can be achieved thanks to a reduction of the core loss. It was therefore decided to study the various parameters controlling the temperature dependence of core loss of the Ni-Zn-Cu-Co ferrites. The decrease of the core loss was obtained thanks to cobalt substitution. These substitutions lead to a magneto-crystalline compensation and also to a pinning of the domain walls. The stability versus temperature could be improved by adjusting the Ni/Zn ratio and by reducing the copper concentration. The ferrites developed in this study exhibit 4 to 5 times less loss compared to conventional ferrites, in a wide range of temperature (-50 to 100°C). Studies were also carried out in order to make Ni-Zn-Cu ferrites compatible with the multilayer technology. The addition of Bi2O3 enabled to densify Ni-Zn-Cu-Co ferrites after firing at 880°C, while keeping their good magnetic properties. Co-sintering with conductive and dielectric materials was achieved. The use of Ni-Zn-Cu-Co ferrites in multilayer technology had finally been validated through the realisation of co-fired transformers with electromagnetic coupling coefficient of 97%
Goourey, Georgia. "Elaboration et durabilité de matériaux composites à base acrylate et de points quantiques de ZnO." Thesis, Clermont-Ferrand 2, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013CLF22371.
Full textThis work was first devoted to the influence of ZnO quantum dots (QDs) with 5 nm diameter, synthesized by sol-gel method on the physical and physico-chemical properties of the gratings recorded in acrylate photopolymers by holography. Since the photosensitizer (in our study camphorquinone) is a key element in the photopolymerization process, a double experimental/theoretical approach was applied to understand its photochemical modifications as a function of the content of the photosensitive system. The introduction of 1 wt % of Qds improves the physical properties of the photo-patterned materials (increase of the diffraction efficiency due to the spatial distribution of QDs) without modifying the kinetics of polymerization. Secondly, the influence of QDs on the durability of materials under irradiation at λ 300 nm was investigated. The exposure of pure and doped polymers leads to the chemical modifications of the polymer matrix and the release of gas. However, ZnO QDs (1 wt % loading) negatively influenced the durability by their photocatalytic effect. This effect points out the contribution of the photo-generated charge carriers to the mechanism of degradation, leading to a partial quenching of the fluorescence of QDs. It also increases with increasing QDs content and underlines the role of the polymer/nanoparticule interface. On the contrary, the presence of 1 wt % of semi-conductor nanocrystals of ZnO (size 10-30 nm) induces a stabilization of the matrix. This reveals an unexpected photo-protective effect of these nanoparticules
Sari-Bey, Sana. "Mise au point de nouveaux matériaux à changement de phase pour optimiser les transferts énergétiques." Thesis, Paris Est, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PEST1158.
Full textResearch in the field of innovative materials with improved energy efficiency have a major environmental issue. One way to save energy is storage. The use of phase change materials (PCM) is a solution for absorbing, storing and releasing large amounts of energy. This study focuses on the experimental study of the thermophysical properties and phase changes of polymer matrix composite materials containing microencapsulated PCM and the optimization of their thermophysical properties. Composite containing different mass fractions of paraffin microcapsules were first characterized. To improve heat transfer, paraffin microcapsules metallized with silver were then used. A new set of samples was elaborated. In the composite the selected polymer matrix is polycaprolactone (PCL), this polymer has a particularly low melting point (53°C), which allows to mix the microcapsules without damaging them. The polymer/microcapsules mixtures were prepared using a blender, they were then pressed to obtain plates of composites. The homogeneity of the samples was verified by scanning electron microscopy observations and density measurements. The phase change material used is a mixture of paraffins having a phase change temperature of 26°C, in microencapsulated highly crosslinked PMMA, and marketed by BASF under the trade name of Micronal®DS 5001 X. PCL has a melting temperature lower than the softening temperature of PMMA. One objective of this study was to obtain a material that remains solid even when the paraffin melts. Microencapsulation has avoided that the paraffin in the sample diffuses out during successive cycles, it also avoids convection when paraffin is liquid. On the other hand, another goal was to see if metallization of the particles allowed to improve the thermal properties by significantly increasing the thermal conductivity and diffusivity. DSC was used to determine the temperatures and enthalpies of the phase changes and the materials Cp between -20 and 40 ° C. An experimental technique, developed in the laboratory (DICO), can simultaneously measure the thermal conductivity (λ) and thermal diffusivity (a) at room temperature. A recent development of this system now allows to make measurements in ramp between -15°C and 180°C. The measures of the change in thermal conductivity and diffusivity as a function of temperature have been carried out by heating and cooling. Phase changes observed in DSC are found on the evolution of thermal conductivity and thermal diffusivity plotted as a function temperature. It also shows the impact on these properties of solid or liquid state of the paraffin contained in the microcapsules. Finally the evolution of the volumetric heat capacity was calculated from the results obtained with DICO (Cp=λ/a) and compared with the evolution of the specific heat capacity measured by DSC. Globally, heat transfer was improved for composites containing silver but their storage capacity is lower than for the composites containing only Micronal®
Chauvin, Nicolas. "Spectroscopie de la boîte quantique unique dans les systèmes InAs sur InP et InAs sur GaAs émettant à 1,3 µm : application aux sources localisées." Lyon, INSA, 2006. http://theses.insa-lyon.fr/publication/2006ISAL0051/these.pdf.
Full textQuantum dots are very promising in the field of quantum information which requires the use of single photons for quantum cryptography or quantum calculation. Thus, it is necessary to understand the physic of single InAs/GaAs and InAs/InP quantul dots emitting in 1. 3 to 1. 5 micrometer spectral range, wavelengths adapted for the transmission through optical fibres. In this thesis, we studied the exciton-biexciton complex, the fine structure splitting, the impact of the temperature and charged excitons in single quantum dots. We observed the dependence of the biexciton binding energy and of the fine structure splitting as a function of the InAs/InP quantum dot size. Moreover, the studies as a function of the temperature showed that the linewidth of the exciton recombination is in the meV range nitrogen temperature and in the 10-15 me V range at room temperature for the InAs/GaAs dots
Michaux, Florentin. "Contribution des tensioactifs fluorés à la synthèse de matériaux mésoporeux : Application à la conception d'un bioréacteur." Thesis, Nancy 1, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009NAN10088/document.
Full textThis work deals with the study of the properties of several non-ionic fluorinated and hydrogenated surfactant based systems which are related to the synthesis of mesoporous silicate materials. One of the aims is to predict the structural and textural properties of the final material for a given application. Thus, we have proved that the cloud point curve, which is characteristic of non-ionic surfactant based systems, must be present at high temperature to obtain well-ordered materials. However, this condition is not the only one but also the ratio between the molar volumes of the hydrophilic part (VA) and the hydrophobic part (VB) of the surfactant should be taken into account. Thus, the study of several mixed systems has allowed to precise the values of VA/VB which correspond to hexagonal materials. A structural study of the fluorinated micelles have been also performed by scattering methods (neutrons and X-ray). We have shown that the presence of spherical micelles promotes the formation of ordered hexagonal materials. Moreover, the in situ observation of the hybrid mesophase formation has shed light on the cooperative templating mechanism which leads to mesostructured silica materials. The effect of the synthesis parameters onto the properties of the materials has also been studied, particularly using the factorial design method. The high hydrothermal stability of the materials prepared from fluorinated surfactant based systems has been demonstrated. Finally, the mesoporous materials prepared from fluorinated micelles have been used as a support for the immobilization of an enzyme. Furthermore, we have shown that a lipase, physically adsorbed onto these materials, can be used to catalyse an esterification reaction. This result offers an outlook for applying these mesoporous materials to bio-diesel synthesis
Han, Yixuan. "Mise au point d'un essai de caractérisation environnementale sur matériau monolithique par percolation ascendante." Phd thesis, Ecole Centrale de Lille, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00584381.
Full textNsoumbi, Michèle. "Etude des mécanismes d'inflammation d'un matériau isolant en présence d'un point chaud d'origine électrique." Paris 11, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA112346.
Full textIn the objective of prevention of severe failures leading to fire in onboard printed circuit board, the aggravation of hot spots due to an electronic component defect was experimentally modelled by creating a controlled overload on a FR4 Printed Circuit Board (PCB) track. A two-sided PCB was considered for these experiments, in which the leakage current intensity flowing through the PCB was measured. The experiments were lead until the track rupture with or without fire ignition. Leakage current was found to be a reliable parameter for monitoring the PCB temperature and state of degradation. Concurrently, thermal space and time resolved measurements were made on the PCB surfaces and on the PCB cross section surface. In addition to experiments, a 3-D finite element model was also created to simulate the trace heating; good agreement was found with experiments within the model's assumptions, up to the point of the track rupture. A detailed record of the electrical parameters synchronized to a fast camera when the track rupture identified a mechanism involving a detachment of the track near the defect according to the current/temperature runaway phenomenon. Leakage current appeared as a contributor to fire ignition by Joule effect (intensity in the A range) and was also seen to sustain the heating of the PCB despite of the track rupture, and to support fire propagation through promoting the release of flammable compounds (e. G. Hydrogen, acetylene, ethylene measured at 300°C) via substrate heating
Panarin, Andrei Yu. "Mise au point, étude et applications de matériaux poreux recouverts d'argent en tant que substrats SERS-actifs." Paris 6, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA066084.
Full textFialeix, Gilles. "Mise au point d'un protocole expérimental de caractérisation du comportement en cisaillement de matériaux composites et polymères." Poitiers, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996POIT2361.
Full textDécriaud-Calmon, Anne. "Évaluation objective de la biodégradabilité des matériaux polymères : mise au point d'une méthode et d'un dispositif instrumental." Toulouse, INPT, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998INPT011C.
Full textGoutorbe, Grégory. "Contribution à la mise au point d'une nuance d'acier optimisée pour frettes de coulée continue d'aluminium." Saint-Etienne, EMSE, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003EMSE0015.
Full textShells are the external part of the rolls used in the continuous casting of aluminium. This process combines the solidication of the alloy with its rolling into strip. The goal of the study consists in optimising shell performances that include both the longevity of the tool and the productivity of the caster. Because of its recurring contact with the alloy, the external surface of the shell is submitted to thermo mechanical cycles, resulting in the thermal cracking of the steel. At first, we assume that the resistance of tool steels to thermal cracking can be approached by their yield strength. Then, the heat transfers within the shell are studied using numerical simulations and the finite element method. After having determined the boundary conditions, we perform simulations in industrial cases as well as a parametrical study of the process. In particular, the thermal properties of the shell are connected with the productivity of the caster and the influence of the thermal conductivity is quantified. As a result, the experimental part of our work aims at improving both the yield strength and the thermal conductivity of the shell steels. .
Croston, Tania. "Etude expérimentale du comportement d'une poutre en béton armé en flexion trois points réparée par matériaux composites (approche probabiliste)." Phd thesis, Paris, ENSAM, 2006. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00002602.
Full textMougel, Éric. "Mise au point d'un composite ciment-bois dont les variations dimensionnelles vis-à-vis des variations d'humidité sont contrôlées." Nancy 1, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992NAN10405.
Full textZhang, Xiao Ping. "Modélisation de la vitesse de propagation des fissures de fatigue sous chargement à amplitude variable." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991INPL087N.
Full textGovers, Kevin. "Atomic scale simulations of noble gases behaviour in uranium dioxide." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/210509.
Full textat elevated burnups, where large amounts of gas are produced and can
potentially be released. The importance of fission gas release was the motivation
for large efforts, both experimentally and theoretically, in order to increase our
understanding of the different steps of the process, and to continuously improve
our models.
Extensions to higher burnups, together with the growing interest in novel types
of fuels such as inert matrix fuels envisaged for the transmutation of minor actinides,
make that one is still looking for a permanently better modelling, based
on a physical understanding and description of all stages of the release mechanism.
Computer simulations are nowadays envisaged in order to provide a better
description and understanding of atomic-scale processes such as diffusion, but even
in order to gain insight on specific processes that are inaccessible by experimental
means, such as the fuel behaviour during thermal spikes.
In the present work simulation techniques based on empirical potentials have
been used, focusing in a first stage on pure uranium dioxide. The behaviour of
point defects was at the core of this part, but also the estimation of elastic and
melting properties.
Then, in a second stage, the study has been extended to the behaviour of helium
and xenon. For helium, the diffusion in different domains of stoichiometry
was considered. The simulations enabled to determine the diffusion coefficient and
the migration mechanism, using both molecular dynamics and static calculation
techniques. Xenon behaviour has been investigated with the additional intention
to model the behaviour of small intragranular bubbles, particularly their interaction
with thermal spikes accompanying the recoil of fission fragments. For that
purpose, a simplified description of these events has been proposed, which opens
perspectives for further work.
/
Les performances du combustible nucléaire sont fortement affectées par le comportement
des gaz de fission, et ce particulièrement lorsqu’un taux d’épuisement
élevé est atteint, puisque d’importantes quantités de gaz sont alors produites
et peuvent potentiellement être relâchées. Les enjeux, entre autre économiques,
liés au relâchement de gaz de fission ont donné lieu à d’importants efforts, tant
sur le plan expérimental que théorique, afin d’accroître notre compréhension des
différentes étapes du processus, et d’améliorer sans cesse les mod`eles. Les extensions
à des taux d’épuisements encore plus élevés ainsi que l’intérêt croissant pour
de nouveaux types de combustible tels que les matrices inertes, envisages en vue
de la transmutation des actinides mineures, font qu’à l’heure actuelle, le besoin
permanent d’une meilleure modélisation, basée sur une compréhension et une description
physique des différentes étapes du processus de relâchement de gaz de
fission, est toujours de mise.
Les simulations par ordinateur ont ainsi été considérée comme un nouvel angle
de recherche sur les processus élémentaires se produisant à l’échelle atomique, à la
fois afin d’obtenir une meilleure compréhension de processus tels que la diffusion
atomique ;mais aussi afin d’avoir accès à certains processus qui ne sont pas observables
par des voies expérimentales, tels que la le comportement du combustible
lors de pointes thermiques.
Dans ce travail, deux techniques, basées sur l’utilisation de potentiels interatomiques
empiriques, ont permis d’étudier le dioxyde d’uranium, dans un premier
temps en l’absence d’impuretés. Cette partie était principalement centrée sur le
comportement des défauts ponctuels, mais a aussi concerné différentes propriétés
élastiques, ainsi que le processus de fusion du composé.
Ensuite l’étude a été étendue aux comportements de l’hélium de du xénon. Pour
ce qui a trait à l’hélium, la diffusion dans différents domaines de stoechiométrie
a été considérée. Les simulations ont permis de déterminer le coefficient de diffusion
ainsi que le mécanisme de migration lui-même. Quant au xénon, outre les
propriétés de diffusion, l’intention fut de se diriger vers la modélisation des petites
bulles intragranulaires, et plus précisément vers leur interaction avec les pointes
thermiques, créées lors du recul des fragments de fission. Une description simplifiée de ce processus a été proposée, qui offre de nouvelles perspectives dans ce
domaine.
Doctorat en Sciences de l'ingénieur
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
Loukachenko, Natalia. "Mise au point de surfaces résistant à des sollicitations de roulement – glissement sous des pressions de contact élevées de 2,5GPa et jusqu'à 300°C : applications aux engrenages et aux transmissions par courroies." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 2006. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/INPL/2006_LOUKACHENKO_N.pdf.
Full textCar designers are seeking ways to improve the performance of power transmission mechanical parts which subjected to severe conditions. Attention should be drawn in particular to contact pressure and operating temperature. Our object was to seek a dual material – surface treatment resistant to contact fatigue phenomena under pressures of 2. 5GPa up to 300°C. Thermochemical treatments by carbon and nitrogen diffusion and hardening mechanisms associated with these treatments improve the surface properties of steels. Three approaches are considered in order to reach the objectives : 1) Hardening by chromium nitrides precipitation during nitriding (at 520°C) of chromium alloyed 32CrMoV13 industrial steel. It is a satisfactory solution to achieve the objectives; however, it requires a long thermochemical treatment; 2) Hardening by martensite transformation after carbo-nitriding with a high nitrogen concentration allowing nitrides precipitation during tempering at 300°C of slightly alloyed 27MnCr5 and 27CrMo4 steels. This type of treatment does not reach the objectives: carbo-nitriding layers evolve quickly with temperature increasing until 300°C; 3) Hardening by martensite transformation after carburizing of silicon alloyed 15NiMoCr10 steel. Silicon slows down martensite decomposition before 300°C. Results of microindentation at 300°C show that elastic characteristics of carburizing and tempered 15NiMoCr10 steel layer are reduced. The remaining values do not guarantee a sufficient endurance of steel carburised surface up to 300°C without it first being subjected to mechanical tests in real operating conditions. This steel and thermochemical treatment associated have however potential characteristics which justify these tests
Lee, Chih-Wen. "Étude des propriétés optiques et électriques des nanocomposites polymères pour les diodes électroluminescentes organiques." Nantes, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008NANT2019.
Full textHybrid nanocomposites have been investigated in this research work in order to examine the possibility to enhance the performance of organic devices in stability and in efficiency and to understand the physical processes induced by the inorganic part in the polymer matrix. The first realization was carried out with composites made of phenylenevinylene (PPV) derivatives and CdSe(ZnS) core/ shell nanocrystals. It was demonstrated that the brightness and yield of devices using the nanocomposites were strongly increased as compared to those obtained in devices using the polymer alone. Next, the role of the nanocrystals was studied by performing the measurements of trap states introduced in composite films. To easily compare the results with those reported in the literature, the polymer used here was poly[2-methoxy-5(2’-ethylhexyloxy)-1,4-phenylene vinylene](MEH-PPV) and the studied composite was (MEH-PPV+ CdSe(ZnS)). It was found that the enhancement of the performance of devices using the composites is in part, associated to the decrease in the trap density of the polymer. Finally, investigations of trap formation in composites were extended to polymer systems composed of 2-(4-biphenylyl)-5-(4-tert-butyl-phenyl)-(1,3,4-oxadiazole) (PBD) and poly (9-vinylcarbazole) (PVK) and containing phosphorescent-metal complex. It was demonstrated that incorporation of complex caused the suppression of existing defects in the polymer blend and introduced new traps. In all systems investigated, the devices using nanocomposites showed significant improvement of their electroluminescent performance. The doping seems to affect the transport process by reducing the trap density of the polymer
Abgrall, Eric. "Caractérisation par l'essai de multifissuration de la fragilité et de l'adhérence de couches minces d'oxydes sur des substrats métalliques : Modélisation des phénomènes." Limoges, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002LIMO0012.
Full textA bibliographic study presents the main techniques allowing to determine the mechanical properties of coatings. Among them, the multicracking test, that consists in studying the cracks network appearing in a film submitted to a four-point bending test, has been chosen
Bacon, Christophe. "Mesure de la ténacité dynamique de matériaux fragiles en flexion trois points à haute température, utilisation des barres de Hopkinson." Bordeaux 1, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993BOR10508.
Full textSoto, Dario Fernando. "Mise au point d'essais simples pour estimer les propriétés mécaniques et la sensibilité au gel des sols et des matériaux de chaussées." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/26820.
Full textCaouette, Christiane. "Design d’une prothèse de resurfaçage de hanche en matériau composite biomimétique : mise au point d’outils d’évaluation numérique." Mémoire, École de technologie supérieure, 2012. http://espace.etsmtl.ca/1106/1/CAOUETTE_Christiane.pdf.
Full textTaris, Benoît. "Valorisation de la sciure de pin maritime : mise au point et caractérisation d'un matériau composite ciment-bois." Bordeaux 1, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995BOR10539.
Full textBarca, Cristian. "Mise au point de filtres garnis de matériaux réactifs destinés au traitement des eaux usées au sein de petites installations." Phd thesis, Ecole des Mines de Nantes, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00771472.
Full textBennini, Souad. "Mise au point d'une méthode d'analyse des mécanismes de pyrolyse du bois à haute température à l'aide de matériaux marqués." Toulouse 3, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989TOU30147.
Full textVan, De Walle Pierre. "Mise au point de matériaux organiques destinés à la fabrication d'éléments optiques holographiques et sensibles au-delà de 750 nm." Mulhouse, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989MULH0130.
Full textGuestin-Grandmougin, Emilie. "Mise au point d'un verre sans plomb présentant les caractéristiques du cristal commercialisé par Baccarat." Nancy 1, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003NAN10183.
Full textThe environmental standards concerning the lead discharges led the Baccarat company to be interested in the development of a lead-free vitreous matrix showing the characteristics of the crystal (density, refractive index, expansion coefficient and viscosity). In addition to these properties, the new matrices have to be compatible with the current process of manufacturing and the lead oxide substitution must be carried out by a non-toxic element. Industrial production of these new glasses will be made possible only by (ou in the frame of) a severe control of their aggressiveness with regard to (ou as regards) furnace refractory material. So, their corrosivity was studied and compared with the one of the reference crystal. Finally, the determination of the fining conditions (removing of the residual bubbles remained trapped in the glass melt) was performed in melted glass medium by the use of electrochemical methods at high temperature
Ganda, Hassane. "Méthode de mesure de l'émissivité spectrale directionnelle de matériaux à haute température : mise au point et application à des revêtements céramiques." Toulouse 3, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993TOU30178.
Full textBaussaron, Julien. "Mise au point de modèles prédictifs de fiabilité dans un contexte de dégradation associé à des profils de mission." Angers, 2011. http://laris.univ-angers.fr/_resources/logo/TheseBaussaronJulien.pdf.
Full textIn industry, especially in automotive industry, it is now essential to control the products’ reliability. One way to efficiently estimate and validate the reliability is to analyze degradation measurements. There are many methods responding to this concern. The aim of this study is to propose a methodology to assess reliability based on degradation measurements with few data, short test duration, complex physical phenomenon (such as wear, fatigue crack growth, creep or corrosion) and multifactor mission profiles. The methods used by Renault are analyzed in the first part of this work. In the second part are studied the other methods responding to this concern. Then a methodology for comparing these methods is proposed and allows choosing the reliability assessment method the most appropriate to treat available data. Another part is devoted to the optimization of the design of test plans including selected estimation methods. The last part deals with an industrial case using the results obtained in this study. This work is supposed to guide the engineer at each stage of a reliability study in choosing the most appropriate method to treat the problems encountered
Masmoudi, Sahir. "Comportement mécanique et caractérisation par implant piézoélectrique ultrasonore intégré d'un matériau composite." Phd thesis, Université du Maine, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00955508.
Full textBouad, Nathalie. "Mise au point d'un procédé d'élaboration de matériaux thermoélectriques pour thermogénérateur. Potentialités de la mécanosynthèse d'alliages à base de tellurure de plomb." Montpellier 2, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001MON20036.
Full textVitupier, Yann. "Etude et mise au point de substrats de miroirs ultra légers et hyperstables revêtus d'un dépôt polissable pour application aux télescopes spatiaux." Montpellier 2, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003MON20168.
Full text