Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Matériaux – Élasticité'
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the top 50 dissertations / theses for your research on the topic 'Matériaux – Élasticité.'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Browse dissertations / theses on a wide variety of disciplines and organise your bibliography correctly.
Caron, Jean-François. "Phénomène de bifurcation en électro-élasticité." Lille 1, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997LIL10120.
Full textVillechaise, Bernard. "Mécanique des contacts : élasticité et rupture : document de synthèse." Lyon 1, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985LYO19043.
Full textDanilov, Oleg. "Modèles de matériaux amortissant viscoélastiques." Le Mans, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999LEMA1022.
Full textPideri, Catherine. "Matériaux composites élastiques : comparaison de quelques méthodes d'homogénéisation." Paris 6, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA066579.
Full textHaddi, Abdelkader. "Formulation tridimensionnelle d'un critère de propagation de fissure dans les matériaux inhomogènes." Lille 1, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995LIL10049.
Full textTrabelsi, Karim. "Sur la modélisation des plaques minces en élasticité non linéaire." Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2004. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00008991.
Full textEl, Mouden Mustapha. "Une nouvelle méthode d'homogénéisation des matériaux composites élastiques." Metz, 1995. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/UPV-M/Theses/1995/El_Mouden.Mustapha.SMZ9545.pdf.
Full textWe propose to modelize the mechanical behavior of heterogeneous media. It is in that context we have developed a three variants of a new analytical approximate method called cluster, for predicting the effective moduli of heterogeneous media, to account for the interaction between the heterogeneiti at finite concentration. The spatial distribution of the heterogeneiti is accounted for in our scheme. In this cluster scheme we consider each grain is embbeded in a spherical cluster constitued by several layers of neighbouring grains. The cluster is itself suspended in the homogeneous reference medium. When the radius of the cluster is increased, the resultats of the cluster scheme were shown to converge. The variants of this method are denominated respectively cluster (by taking the homogeneous matrix as a reference medium and a auxiliary strain applied at infinite), cluster-Mori-Tanaka (by taking the homogeneous matrix as a reference medium and the average strain of the matrix applied at infinitie, this method is a generalization of the Mori-Tanaka modele) and cluster-selfconsistent (with the homogeneous equivalent medium as reference medium and the overalll strain applied at infinite, this is an extension of the classical self consistent scheme). The two first variants was applied to a composite medium consisting of ellipsoidal elastic inclusions embedded into anather elastic medium (matrix), even though the last method was applied to certain composites with log fibers. Compared with experimental data, analytical solutions and finite elements calculations, the present approach provides reasonably accurate predictions for effective moduli of composites materials with periodic microstructures
Angoulvant, François. "Caractérisation dynamique des matériaux composites : étude de l'amortissement." Le Mans, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998LEMA1011.
Full textGARAJEU, MIHAIL. "Contribution a l'etude du comportement non lineaire de milieux poreux avec ou sans renfort." Aix-Marseille 2, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995AIX22099.
Full textJacq, Christophe. "Limite d'endurance et durée de vie en fatigue de roulement du 32CrMoV13 nitruré en présence d'indentations." Lyon, INSA, 2001. http://theses.insa-lyon.fr/publication/2001ISAL0085/these.pdf.
Full textThe purpose of this work was to study the damage mechanisms of nitrided 32CrMoV13 steel when submitted to rolling fatigue in the presence of indentations. A semi analytical elastoplastic contact code that can take into account vertical and rolling loading is first presented. This code, that is necessary to simulate the running in of dents, was validated by comparing its results both with the simulations carried out with the finite elements software ABAQUS and with experimental results. Second, a local micro-yield stress measurement procedure based on the nano-indentation test was developed. This method, which considers the presence of residual stresses, was applied to the measurement of the micro-yield stress profile of the nitrided 32CrMoV13 steel. The influence of the geometry of nitrided parts on residual stresses due to nitriding was also shown. Third, the experimental behaviour of nitrided 32CrMoV13 steel submitted to rolling contact fatigue in the presence of indentations was studied. The dominating role of sliding has been highlighted and two areas where damage initiates were identified. Lastly, the indentation process and the rolling of a body over a dent have been analysed. Indents that exceed the limit of endurance and are likely to damage were identified and classified according to their relative severity. The behaviour of nitrited 32CrMoV13 steel and M50 submitted to rolling contact fatigue in the presence of indentations was finally compared
Lordereau, Olivier. "Les mousses bidimensionnelles : de la caractérisation à la rhéologie des matériaux hétérogènes." Rennes 1, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002REN10048.
Full textArafeh, Mohamed Hamzeh. "Identification de la loi de comportement élastique de matériaux orthotropes." Compiègne, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995COMPD843.
Full textMalau, Viktor. "Détermination à l'aide de microindentations hertzienne et vickers des propriétés micromécaniques de couches superficielles élaborées notamment par faisceaux lasers." Ecully, Ecole centrale de Lyon, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996ECDL0036.
Full textFayet, Thierry. "Contribution à la modélisation des matériaux élastoplastiques écrouissables : application aux sols." Châtenay-Malabry, Ecole centrale de Paris, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999ECAP0691.
Full textSimonnet, Johan. "Sonde acoustique à champ proche pour la mesure locale des propriétés élastiques des matériaux." Montpellier 2, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006MON20105.
Full textWe present a new acoustic technique of evaluation of the elastic properties (Young modulus) of a medium. The method is based on the mechanical contact between a sonotrode, finished by a sphere, and the analyzed medium. The vibration frequency values of the resonating sensor depend on the local mechanical properties of the sample. We propose an analytical formulation of the interaction point-object in order to connect the mechanical properties of the sample with the peaks of resonance of the sonotrode. We tested the performances of our sensor on materials belonging to a large interval of Young modulus. Then, we deduced an empirical relation connecting the Young modulus with the resonance frequencies of the tip. Our study includes a research on the depth of investigation with analyses carried out on thin layers. Our near-field technology shows the possibility of promising prospects in the local characterization for materials in imagery and biology
Nguyen, Thanh Loc. "Étude expérimentale de la loi d'écoulement de matériaux anisotropes transverses." Phd thesis, Ecole des Ponts ParisTech, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00353442.
Full text-l'anisotropie induite, cas des sols « homogènes » ayant un comportement anisotrope, due à des surcharges historiques,
-l'anisotropie inhérente, cas de l'anisotropie structurelle des sols. Nous avons suivi un programme expérimental s'appuyant sur une étude en laboratoire d'éprouvettes de sol reconstitué qui n'étaient pas destinées à simuler un sol naturel précis mais à présenter une forte anisotropie afin que l'on puisse l'observer sans équivoque. Nous avons voulu simplement créer un comportement de référence pour les sols anisotropes et étudier leur comportement anisotrope. Le travail a consisté à étudier en laboratoire le comportement de sols à anisotropie matérielle ou de chargement sous chemins de sollicitation triaxiaux pour caractériser :
-l'évolution du domaine élastique des petites aux grandes déformations,
-l'apparition de la plasticité et lors de l'atteinte de la surface de charge,
-la loi d'écoulement expérimentale. La forme de la surface de charge et l'influence de l'anisotropie transverse sur la loi d'écoulement sont en effet des éléments importants du comportement du sol à proximité des ouvrages de génie civil tels que les parois de soutènement, les fondations ou les tunnels. Une des retombées du travail expérimental a été de tester des modèles de comportement utilisés classiquement pour ces types de sollicitations, dans les outils de calcul comme la modélisation des ouvrages par éléments finis.
Benaouda, Mohamed Kheir-Eddine. "Existence de minimums pour matériaux de Saint-Venant Kirchhoff et contact unilatéral en grande déformation." Lille 1, 1996. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/LIBRE/Th_Num/1996/50376-1996-115.pdf.
Full textEl, Kabir Tarik. "Etude de matériaux composites à matrice base Al renforcés par des particules Al-Cu-Fe." Poitiers, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007POIT2342.
Full textQuasicrystalline (QC) materials exhibit remarkable mechanical properties at low and intermediate temperatures, such as high hardness together with high elastic modulus. One of the potential applications of QC materials is to use them as the reinforcement phase of composite materials. This study reports about processing, microstructures and mechanical properties of Al-based metal matrix composites (MMC) reinforced by QC particles. Five Al-based MMC were produced using the gas pressure infiltration technique. Al3Mg2, Al, Al-Cu-Mg and Al-Mg-Si matrices were used. They were reinforced by 50 % vol. Fraction of Al-Cu-Fe QC particles. The as-produced composites are rather complex and various phases are formed during the production process. These phases were identified to result from diffusion of both the aluminium and the copper. These composites are characterised by high flow stresses, that are unfortunately accompanied by numerous cracks whatever the temperature deformation. Two composites with an Al matrix initially reinforced by QC particles were prepared by hot isostatic pressing (HIP). With this technique two-phase composites are obtained, but depending on the processing temperature, the reinforcement particles are either of i-phase or !-phase. It is observed that ! particles contribute more positively to the improvement of the mechanical properties than the QC particles. The temperature dependences of "0. 2% suggest that the plastic deformation of the composite Al/!-Al-Cu-Fe is controlled by thermally activated mechanisms. In the composite Al/i-Al-Cu-Fe, in addition to thermally activated mechanism, the contribution of the internal stresses to the hardening of the composite must be taken into account
Renault, Amélie. "Caractérisation mécanique dynamique de matériaux poro-visco-élastiques." Thèse, Université de Sherbrooke, 2008. http://savoirs.usherbrooke.ca/handle/11143/1915.
Full textBoutat, Mohammed. "Modélisation et analyse des instabilités de surfaces des matériaux contraints." Poitiers, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005POIT2291.
Full textInitially, we are interested in the evolution of a surface of a crystal structure, constituted by an elastic substrate and a thin film. If the crystal is constrained, some morphological instabilities may appear. There, the map of the free surface of the film satisfies a parabolic partial differential equation. We give here some results about the finite time blow-up and the existence and uniquencess of the solution in an appropriate space. To validate the theoretical results, we also performed some numerical using a pseudo-pectral method. Secondly, we are interested in the mathematical study of a surface evolution problem in the cylindrical case. The physical configuration consists in an axisymmetric stressed pore channel. When axial stress is applied, morphological instabilities may appear at the vacuum/material interface. Under the axial symmetry envisaged, the radius of the pore channel satisfies a nonlinear evolution equation. Local existence and uniqueness of the solution is established and numerical results showing either a dissipative behaviour or pinch-off the solution are obtained. Finally, we consider a crystalline tube under uniaxial constrained. Under sinusoidal fluctuations along the surface of the tube, we obtain a linear analysis of stability. We introduce a result of growth of amplitude according to constrained
Lebail, Hervé. "Caractérisations microscopiques et tomographiques de microstructures de matériaux composites et étude des relations aux propriétés élastiques associées." Lyon, INSA, 2001. http://theses.insa-lyon.fr/publication/2001ISAL0073/these.pdf.
Full textThe modelling of the elastic macroscopic behaviour of heterogeneous materials with the help of homogenization methods are able to take quantitatively into account some descriptive information of their microstructures. These data are obtained more and more precisely thanks to recent resolution’s progress in microscopic (2D) and tomographic (3D) characterization techniques. From the morphological analysis of the microstructure, access is allowed to the modelling parameters. This is the subject matter of this thesis, either for specifically elaborated multiphase materials (“model materials” in the sense of their controlled morphology) and common-used industrial materials, for which one characterizes their structure at a proper scale and measures their overall elasticity properties by ultrasonic methods. The use of the concepts and methods of mathematical morphology provides s statistical description which is used in order to calculate from the model (bounds and estimates) the associated elastic behaviour. One analyses the relative effects of the microstructural parameters on the obtained results from this two approaches, experimental and theoretical, with the help, in particular, of numerical simulations and alternative homogenisation methods by fast Fourier transform calculation. This study deals with the notions of homogeneity / heterogeneity and isotropy / anisotropy of spatial phase repartition, in the case of 2-phase and multi-phase materials. From these analyses, the different homogenisation methods are questioned their respective limitation are discussed
Qi, Bing. "Influence de l'endommagement sur les propriétés d'élasticité de matériaux modèles : approche numérique et expérimentale." Limoges, 2009. https://aurore.unilim.fr/theses/nxfile/default/a2376b23-0b15-49bd-af65-42a34ea63047/blobholder:0/2009LIMO4045.pdf.
Full textThe subject of the thesis is to study the damage of heterogeneous model materials. In the experimental part, different biphased model materials have been fabricated. Damage occurs in these materials due to differential thermal expansion between the phases. The evolution of Young's modulus of these materials during a thermal cycle E=f(T) has been measured by ultrasonic technique, which shows also the evolution of damage in materials. In the numerical part, the simulation of the damage evolution has been carried out using the finite element code ABAQUS. Two methods have been used and compared for modelling cracks opening and closure. Different numerical models including single- and multi-inclusions with specific boundary conditions have also been developed. The numerical results have provided a fairly good correlation towards the experimental results
Tabarino, Caroline. "Frittage de porcelaines alumineuses : applications pour le développement de matériaux pour la protection balistique." Limoges, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011LIMO4063.
Full textCeramic materials are more used in protections (for humans and vehicles) against ballistic threats. Alumina and carbides are the most used materials. The aim of this work was to develop an innovating material, with moderate and competitive cost, with low density and high mechanical properties. So, high alumina content ceramics (> 95 wt %) were elaborated via uniaxial pressing and filtration of suspensions, and then sintered via liquid phase sintering (with additions of silicon and magnesia) to obtain dense materials. The formulation and the process were then used to produce poor alumina ceramics. After sintering, these materials present lower mechanical properties (Young's modulus and Vicker's hardness), but are concurrent in ballistic tests, compared to the alumina ceramics, and they offer a weight profit from approximately 10 %. In order to reduce the density, alumina/boron carbide composites were prepared and tested. The high cost monolithic boron carbide has a low density (2,51 g. Cm⁻ ᶟ) and a higher Young's modulus (460 GPa) than alumina (350-400 GPa). So, boron carbide additions were carried out in a pure alumina matrix (99,8 % pure). The conditions of sintering were determined (temperatures, atmosphere, type of sintering) and dense composites (> 98 %) with a high Young's modulus were obtained
Dubuget, Matthieu. "Evaluation non destructive des matériaux par ultrasons : caractérisation de l'état initial et suivi sous charge des propriétés d'élasticité linéaire et non linéaire d'alliages d'aluminium." Lyon, INSA, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996ISAL0101.
Full textThe first aim of this work is to evaluate the linear and nonlinear elastic properties of weak anisotropic aluminium alloys at their initial state and to follow their evolution during a plastic strain. Considering this aim, an instrumentation was implemented, composed of an ultrasonic tank combined with a tensile machine. This device allows the measurement under load of the ultrasonic velocity for various directions of propagation through the material. Without the load, the inverse problem, that is to say the determination of the elastic constants from the ultrasonic velocities was solved by means of a three-dimensional optimization. This method has been checked by simulation, and the nine elastic constants of orthotropic materials (composites) and quasi-isotropic materials (aluminium alloys) were determined. The associated uncertainties were evaluated too, using a Monte-Carlo statistic method. Under load, the anisotropy induced by an elastic deformation was studied, and the third order elastic constants of aluminum alloys were determined by an optimization on the acoustoelastic responses. For small plastic strains, the effect of dislocations on ultrasonic velocities was pointed out. The effect of the plastic strain on the third order elastic constants was examined through the nonlinearity parameter. For large plastic strains, the in situ characterization proved difficult, principally because of the nonuniformity of the plastic strain in the area of measurement. After the test pieces have been machined, small variations of the ultrasonic velocity and of the second order elastic constants with plastic strain were detected. Despite how difficult it is to evaluate aluminium alloys being damaged by means of ultrasonic waves, the precision of the instrumentation allowed us to acquire these parameters, attesting to the anisotropy of the damage
Rousset, Jean-Luc. "Structure et transformation de matériaux amorphes et hétérogènes : diffusion Raman basse fréquence." Lyon 1, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989LYO10101.
Full textFarooghi, Farzin. "Caracterisation des interfaces de chaussees mixtes : modelisation mecanique, auscultation radar." Rennes, INSA, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005ISAR0023.
Full textThe interface between a bituminous and cement pavement of the composite structures is studied, firstly using DEM simulations of a direct shear test and secondly via the analysis of the numerical and experimental response of double-layered to a signal radar. In the first part, we initially observed, by the analytical method, that debonding considerably decreases the life service of these structures. Then, we highlighted, by the Distinct Elements method, the influence of the contact bond, the friction and the particles grading on the shear strength. In the second part, the radar system is applied to detect the interface defects. We highlight the influence of the nature and thickness of the various types of interfaces (bonding , debonding and damaged of cement material) using the maximum amplitude and of the time delay of the signal reflected on the interfaces
Loredo, Alexandre. "Réanalyse des structures : applications au contact élastique et aux matériaux incompressibles." Lyon 1, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993LYO10051.
Full textHaj, Mourad Ahmad Hachem. "Analyse physique de la formation des transformations tribologiques superficielles : cas des matériaux métalliques sollicités sur un dispositif à enclumes opposées de "Bridgman"." Lyon, INSA, 2005. http://theses.insa-lyon.fr/publication/2005ISAL0114/these.pdf.
Full textSuperficial Tribological Transformations (or STT) are usually the less damaging response of materials to tribological conditions by producing the proper solid third body for safe behaviour of ‘dry’ contacts. As a consequence, one solution to control wear is to control STT’s formation. The main objectives of this work are to produce STT (i) in more controlled mechanical conditions than in a contact and (ii) if possible, in a volume which is more important and finally to follow the SST’s formation to indentify their driving mechanism. A Bridgman Anvil Apparatus is used to shear by rotation pure iron cylindrical samples under a quasi-hydrostatic pressure of 1 Gpa. Two STT layers are observed to appear after about 240° of anvil rotation within the ‘skins’ of a sample (i. E. The first 20 micrometer below the surface). The sample structural evolution is analysed as a function of measured global parameters: the torque (C), the hydrostatic pressure (Ph), sliding (S) and sample depth (h). The first experimental analysis is coupled with finite element analysis to calculate sample local solicitations. Modelling allows to better identifying local different driving mechanisms that control experiments: volume shearing, material work hardening, sliding at the interfaces. The experimentally observed STT areas are directly correlated to a specific calculated behaviour of the sample ‘skin’
Mattesini, Maurizio. "Proposition et modélisation ab initio de nouveaux matériaux ultra-durs dans le ternaire B:C:N." Bordeaux 1, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001BOR12429.
Full textMartins, Paolo. "Caractérisation mécanique des matériaux pour les micro/nanosystèmes : procédés applicables aux épaisseurs submicroniques." Lyon, INSA, 2009. http://theses.insa-lyon.fr/publication/2009ISAL0008/these.pdf.
Full textThis work is in the context of the size reduction of micro-electromechanical systems (MEMS). In order to optimize their performances, it is necessary to characterise the main mechanical properties of their constituent materials in mono and multilayer thin films with submicron thicknesses. The objective of this work is to evaluate several mechanical characterisation methods, static or dynamic, adapted to the submicron thicknesses. The experimental approach is the study of different deformable microstructures that are carried out by silicon microtechnologies : membranes and microbeams with different geometries. The experiments are conducted on reference materials of the microelectronic in the form of freestanding thin films. The main characterisation methods are : the bulge test, the point deflection method on membranes, the membrane vibrometry and the microbeam bending. Finite element simulations are performed on these test strcutures to validate or to optimize the mechanical models. A comparison of these experimental methods is establised. The advantage of using the near-field microscopy is shown for the study of submicron structures. A new optical method based on atomic force microscopy, is addressed to characterise microbeams through the study of their thermal fluctuations
Perat, Olivier. "Méthodologie de caractérisation de paramètres thermomécaniques de matériaux pour la microélectronique." Toulouse, INSA, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002ISAT0009.
Full textOptimisation of electronic circuits is mandatory to meet performance, reliability and cost requirements. Our investigation, performed in a Motorola, LAAS/CNRS, Région Midi-Pyrénées common laboratory, concerns the thermal fatigue induced failures of components. Our work deals with the development of a characterisation method of two thermomechanical parameters: the Young's modulus and the coefficient of thermal expansion. Starting from an analytical modelling of thermomechanical stresses, the method is based on the thermal deflection of bilayer cantilevers. Using a single experimental set-up, this method allows the determination of the two parameters as a function of temperature, with a fairly good resolution. Bilayer cantilevers, processed in a clean room, have led to the validation of the method and have provided interesting results concerning study of the thermal fatigue behaviour of heterogeneous assemblies
Loiseau, Anthony. "Elaboration et caractérisation de nanocomposites modèles laponite/polyoxyde d'éthylène." Le Mans, 2006. http://cyberdoc.univ-lemans.fr/theses/2006/2006LEMA1026.pdf.
Full textThis aim of this thesis is to elaborate and characterize model nanocomposites based on Polyethylene Oxide (PEO) and particles of Laponite, a synthetic clay. The elaboration brought in a new mode of preparation, based on a compatibilisation of the particles in aqueous phase, before melt mixing. Rheological studies as well as X-ray analyses have shown the efficiency of the compatibilisation concept. The best dispersion (up to individual particles) was obtained with a saturated coverage of end grafted polymer chains onto the surface of the Laponite particles. The origin of the melt elasticity has been attributed to various factors depending on the molecular weight of the matrix chains. For moderated molecular weights, the elastic character is ascribed to the formation of a network of dispersed particles, whereas contributions of chain confinement or chain bridging between particles are present with higher molecular weight matrices. Thermal analyses were performed in order to understand the effect of the Laponite particles on the crystallization of PEO chains. A non-nucleating behavior was concluded, and was proved by spectroscopic analyses (FTIR and Raman). Indeed, a layer of amorphous polymer was detected onto over the surface of the particles explaining the inhibition of the nucleating effect, often seen with nanoclays
Kazemi, Shahab. "Etude du comportement anélastique des ferrites Mn-Zn." Lyon, INSA, 2005. http://theses.insa-lyon.fr/publication/2005ISAL0059/these.pdf.
Full textA series of Mn-Zn ferrite with general formula MnxZn1-xFe2O4 were prepared by a double sintering method. We fixed the content iron oxide (50% Mol) and varied the Zn content which replaces Mn. With these compositions, we can explore the influence of Zn2+ ions on the anelastic properties. Shear modulus G and internal friction Q-1 in polycrystalline manganese-zinc ferrite have been investigated at low frequencies as a function of temperature, by using a torsion inverted pendulum. From the modulus curves as the temperature of the specimen is increased the shear/Young's modulus initially decrease, attain a minimum value (Tk) and thereafter increase up to the Curie point (TC). Three internal friction peaks R1, R2 and R3 are observed on the curves of internal friction versus temperature. The peak R1 in ferrimagnetic state is discussed in interaction of domain walls with point defects. The peak R2 below the Curie temperature is attributed to viscous motion of domain walls. The peak R3 could be ascribed to the exchange of cations and their vacancies, and clustering Mn3+ ions
Sellappan, Pathikumar. "Indentation cracking of glass : role of the composition and reinforcement by diamond particles." Rennes 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011REN1S018.
Full textThe present investigation deals with the crack initiation behavior of glasses from oxide based, oxynitride and also oxycarbide families. In particular, the relationship between chemical composition and mechanical properties (elasticity, hardness…) are investigated. The resistance to crack initiation is found by applying contact loading (using Vickers diamond indenter) on the polished surfaces of glasses. Loads ranging from few mN to 196 N were applied and the imprints were analyzed using optical/SEM and AFM microscopes. The more the material deforms (permanently) beneath the indenter, the larger is the resistance it offers to crack initiation. Densification decreases with increasing the size of the modifier cation in silica based oxide glass series. We also studied the influence of diamond particles on the deformation behavior of silicon oxycarbide glass. The addition of 2 μm size (20 vol%) diamond particles leads to an increment of hardness and fracture toughness (SENB technique) by a factor of 2 and 4, respectively. It also influenced the load required for crack initiation under Vickers indenter, increasing it from 2. 903 to 49. 03 N
Hammouda, Abdelaziz. "Etude au séisme des structures élastoplastiques : Cas de l'oscillateur simple." Rennes, INSA, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009ISAR0009.
Full text: The purpose of this thesis is to take into account the behavior of inelastic structures subjected to periodic loading of seismic type. The study will be limited to a system with a single degree of freedom. The aim of the study is to investigate some behavioral domains of the oscillator connected to the modern theory of the nonlinear dynamic systems. This work deals with simple elastoplastic constitutive law within a dynamic framework. The concept of «Dynamic Rheology" can be used to characterize such an inelastic oscillator. Our first motivation is to analyze the dynamic behavior of an oscillator with a method used in the field of non-smooth dynamic systems. The first stage is to study stability and dynamics of an undamped symmetrical elastoplastic oscillator. This study made it possible to link the dynamic properties (limit cycles…) with the mechanical characteristics (shakedown, alternating plasticity). A bifurcation diagram is numerically highlighted. The study is enriched thereafter by introduction of viscous damping. Finally, stability and dynamics of an asymmetrical perfectly elastoplastic oscillator, subjected to a harmonic external excitation, is treated. The ratcheting phenomenon is theoretically simulated. These analyses lead to some recommendations, in term of symmetrical property that can be taken into account in the philosophy of seismic design
Gayet, Christophe. "Céramiques du système Titane-Carbone-Azote : Propriétés des phases TiN, TiCxNy et TiC." Limoges, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000LIMO0013.
Full textLematre, Mickael. "Contribution de la microscopie acoustique à la caractérisation des matériaux : application à la détérmination des constantes élastiques." Valenciennes, 2000. https://ged.uphf.fr/nuxeo/site/esupversions/09574a17-8a46-42d9-ac4f-a57b1afe5f88.
Full textThe principle of the acoustic microscopy is based on the use of spherical or cylindrical lens allowing to focus the acoustic waves propagating in a fluid. The variations in the so-called V(z) curve give informations on the speed of the surfacically guided waves. The purpose of this work is to contribute to the characterization of materials by trying to determine their elastic parameters out of the speed of the guided waves by the use of an optimization algotrithm based on the simplex. Since the reflection coefficient is necessary for the modeling of the answer of the microscope, it’s calculation for various structures such as semi-infinite anisotropic solid, plate, multilayer, multilayer on substrate, is presented at first. The problems of numerical stability are also discussed in trying to bring a partial solution by including a symbolic calculation code. The numerical prediction of V(z) curves is then discussed. Results of simulation of V(z, f) curves for isotropic materials, where f is the frequency, and of V (z, Φ) for anisotropic materials where Φ is the azimutal angle are presented for the set of structures firstly described. From the profiles of speed obtained versus the azimutal angle by using the Kushibiki’s method, simulated calculations of the elastic parameters are presented for a substrate of MgO, as well as for a TiN layer on this particular substrate. The method is based on a procedure using the algorithm of the simplex in order to minimize the gap between the speedscalculated for a given set of constants and the measured ones. In the case of isotropic materials behaving as wave-guides, such as a thin plate or a coated substrate, an original variant of this method is proposed. This one is based on the use of a profile versus the frequency of a parameter; which is homogeneous to a speed associated to a global resonance of the structure. The determination of the elastic constants is then made by minimizing the gap between the profiles of the measured and calculated speeds versus frequency. Using these methods, several experiments have been led and showed the importance of a precise knowledge of the geometrical characteristics of the used probe (curvature, opening angle). Both methods for the determination of the elastic parameters were then experimentally validated, respectively on a silicon substrate (cubic symmetry ) and on glass and aluminium plates (isotropic). In all cases, the values of the elastic parameters were determined with a very good precision. The prediction regarding the maximal initial gap constants were verified as well
Ntenga, Richard. "Modélisation multi-échelles et caractérisation de l'anisotropie élastique de fibres végétales pour le renforcement de matériaux composites." Clermont-Ferrand 2, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007CLF21759.
Full textErpelding, Marion. "Étude expérimentale de micro-déformations dans des matériaux hétérogènes par diffusion de la lumière." Rennes 1, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2010REN1S159.
Full textWe investigate how multiple light scattering (DWS) can be used to measure micro-deformations in heterogeneous materials submitted to weak external solicitations. Our work provides an experimental method based on DWS that makes it possible to measure heterogeneous strains in scattering samples. For that purpose, we have developed an experimental setup designed to provide spatially resolved strain measurements. We have first carried out experiments in which solid or granular samples are submitted to controlled strains. We thus show that the experimental results obtained on linear elastic samples are in good agreement with the theoretical predictions, and that DWS can be used to measure micro-deformations in granular media under minute solicitations. We further illustrate the possibilities opened by our method with experimental studies of the mechanical response of granular materials under localised load and of the deformation of a foam sample submitted to an acoustic perturbation
Gorsse, Yannick. "Approximation numérique sur maillage cartésien de lois de conservation : écoulements compressibles et élasticité non linéaire." Phd thesis, Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux I, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00796722.
Full textMasson, Renaud. "Estimations non linéaires du comportement global de matériaux hétérogènes en formulation affine : application aux alliages de zirconium." Palaiseau, Ecole polytechnique, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998EPXX0032.
Full textHajar, Moha. "Equations d'évolution et bilans énergétiques en visco-élasticité linéaire : étude dans le cadre de la thermodynamique des matériaux à mémoire évanescente." Aix-Marseille 2, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988AIX22039.
Full textErnst, Emil. "Le principe de Saint-Venant, théorème et axiome. Une approche énergétique." Montpellier 2, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995MON20094.
Full textYuwana, Yuwana. "Contribution à l'étude des propriétés de résistance mécanique des fruits (cas de la pomme Golden Delicious)." Aix-Marseille 2, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997AIX22068.
Full textKossman, Stephania. "Indentation instrumentée multi-échelles de matériaux homogènes et multi-matériaux." Thesis, Lille 1, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LIL10180/document.
Full textThe mechanical properties (hardness and elastic modulus) can be studied at different scales as a function of the composition and microstructure of materials (number of phases, constituent distribution, grain size…). In this work, we studied this mechanical response at the nano, micro and macroscopic scales, through different instruments that allow to apply loads ranging from 20 mN up to 2 kN generating penetrations depths between 100 nm up to 2.5 mm. The first stage consisted in the improvement of the experimental conditions, developing and interpreting the experimental data, following a rigorous metrological methodology, in order to achieve the connection between the results obtained at the three studied scales. These tests were performed in metallic industrial materials, which are sufficiently homogeneous at the tested penetration depths (steels and aluminum alloy). For example, we had proposed an alternative approach to the Oliver and Pharr method to fit the unloading curve to estimate the elastic modulus. Afterwards, this methodology is applied to the study of the response obtained by indentation in a composite material, which is highly heterogeneous, used in the fabrication of brake pads in the railway industry. The obtained results (spatial distribution on the surface and through the volume of hardness and elastic modulus) are going to be valuables in the applications of models to study the squeal noise during braking, looking to reduce its effects
Gueddida, Abdellatif. "Cristaux phononiques hypersoniques accordables à base de matériaux hybrides (organique/inorganique)." Thesis, Lille, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LIL1I034.
Full textA phononic crystal is a periodic arrangement of materials whose elastic properties differ in one, two or three dimensions, leading to the formation of omnidirectional forbidden bands. These artificial materials present new physical properties such as negative refraction or topological insulators and concern different areas of physics such as acoustics, optomechanics, thermal management... Their realization on the submicron scale allows to place these properties in the hypersonic range. The work presented in this thesis deals with the theoretical and numerical study of the propagation of elastic waves in hypersonic phononic crystals based on hybrid materials closely related to light scattering experiments at Max Planck in Mainz. The main quantities studied are the dispersion curves, the elastic displacement fields and the scattering spectrum of the light. Successive chapters deal with cases of high aspect ratio grooves deposited on a substrate, as well as those of 1D and 2D structured crystals. Beyond the understanding of the band structures in these materials, the comparison with the experimental results makes it possible to discuss and characterize the physical properties of the constituent materials and also their evolution with respect to aging and manufacturing techniques. Finally, a final chapter is devoted to the development of a new numerical methodology for calculating Brillouin spectra, with potential spin-offs in optomechanical calculations
Puricelli, Sophie. "Elaboration, caractérisation et études des propriétés catalytiques de matériaux carbonés poreux et fonctionnalisés par du molybdène." Nancy 1, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001NAN10203.
Full textPreparation and characterization of a new catalyst designed for hydrotreating petroleum feedstocks are described in the present work. Blocks maded of compressed expanded graphite are impregnated by polyfurfuryl alcohol, pyrolyzed and activated. These successive steps lead to monoliths whom structure corresponds to a thin active carbon layer deposited on a highly porous graphite backbone. Their elastical and conducting properties are described at each step of their preparation. Given their surface microporosity, these monoliths are quite good catalyst supports. Impregnation with MoCl5 (either in liquid or in vapor phase) followed by a subsequent carburization leads to a phase which is much better dispersed than in three other active carbons studied for comparison. The monoliths thus exhibit a high activity in HDN of indole and quite promising performances in HDS of dibenzothiophene
Mechri, Charfeddine. "Techniques d’optique et d’acoustique ultra-rapides pour la caractérisation des propriétés des matériaux nano/méso-poreux et des opales synthétiques." Le Mans, 2009. http://cyberdoc.univ-lemans.fr/theses/2009/2009LEMA1024.pdf.
Full textIn this communication, we present some results of laser ultrasonic experiments on nano and meso porous films and photonic crystals. In the beginning, low-k materials were studied with the pump probe technique. We start by presenting their mechanical and optical properties extracted through analysis of our transient reflectivity results. Our results were compared to data collected by other optical techniques. Some inhomogeneities in the mechanical properties were observed. Secondly, we focused on nano-porous alumina structure. Some resonance phenomena and interferometric measurements helped to determine its elastic properties and dimensions. The last part of this work was allocated to the study of synthetic opals. The pump-probe technique was used to probe the eigenmodes of the submicron spheres. We could also draw some correlations between the photonic band gap (PBG) structure and the excitation/detection wavelength. A qualitative description of their photonic behaviour was formulated
Patapy, Cédric. "Comportement thermomécanique et transformations de phase de matériaux réfractaires électrofondus à très haute teneur en zircone." Limoges, 2010. https://aurore.unilim.fr/theses/nxfile/default/d84e3b5f-5f40-4ad8-a7ca-37c82c1ee360/blobholder:0/2010LIMO4047.pdf.
Full textThis thesis has been carried out under the National Program of Research on new glass refractories (NOREV), focusing on the study of two shades of refractories with a very high content of zirconia (THTZ) obtained by a fused-cast process. The objective was to understand the microstructural mechanisms responsible for changes in mechanical properties of these materials during the annealing step (controlled cooling after melting), and to assess the influence of composition their glassy phase. A detailed study of the microstructure inherited from the solidification mechanisms and successive runs of phase transformations of zirconia has helped to explain the origin of different heterogeneities present within a block and to reveal the complexity of the multi-scaled organization of THTZ materials (selection of crystallographic variants). The study of elastic properties by ultrasonic techniques during a heat treatment at 1500°C, showed the significant influence of the transformation from tetragonal → monoclinic martensitic transformation of zirconia and the stiffening of the glassy phase on the mechanical behavior of materials, including the development of damage at the end of the cycle. Moreover, tensile and compressive tests performed during a cooling stage, have highlighted the higher viscous-plastic behavior at high temperature of THTZ-B compared to THTZ-A. This follows a very different evolution of viscosities of the two glassy phases. Furthermore, the relationship between the stress field in this block during the annealing, and local crystallographic organization of the material was studied, in particular, by cooling under stress tests
Fiorani, Jean-Marc. "Vieillissement structural et comportement mécanique de matériaux hors équilibre." Nancy 1, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992NAN10191.
Full text