Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Matériaux électroluminescents'
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Habrard, Florian. "Élaboration de dispositifs et matériaux mixtes à base de polymères conjugués électroluminescents." Phd thesis, Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00130247.
Full textSeghier, Djelloul. "Etude des propriétés optiques et électriques des matériaux semiconducteurs III-V dopés aux ions Terres Rares en vue de la réalisation de dispositifs électroluminescents." Lyon, INSA, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992ISAL0040.
Full textIn this work we resent the results obtained from opt ical and electrical spectroscopy studies realized on III-V semiconductors (InP, GaAs, GaAlAs) doped with Rare Earth ions (Yb, Er, Eu. . . ) The aim is to study the feasibility of new electroluminescent devices based on the se waterials In the case of Yb doped InP, we have shown that Yb ion acts as an isovalent impurity which can trap simultaneously electrons and holes. This electrical dehaviour is used to explain the optical proerties of the ion. Accordingly, we propose a general model for the excitation and the desexcitation of the Rare Earth on ion luminescence. This model is also used to explain the results obtained from Er doped GaAs and GaAlAs materials. We have shown in the case of GaAlAs:Er that the stimulated emission cross section we have measured (10-19 cm²) is too low for laser application. Concerning Light electroluminescence Diode (DEL) the Auger non radiative lasses that we have observed by methods reduce considerably by the quantum efficiency of such devices. According these results, we discuss the potentialities of these materials
Antony, Rémi. "Réalisation et caractérisations optoélectroniques de diodes électroluminescentes à base de polymères électroactifs et de matériaux moléculaires déposés avec l'assistance d'un faisceau d'ions." Limoges, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998LIMO0014.
Full textCueff, Sébastien. "Transfert d’énergie entre nanoclusters de Silicum et Erbium dans des matrices oxydes et nitrures de Si : applications à des diodes électroluminescentes." Caen, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011CAEN2039.
Full textThis work is based on the analysis and optimization of an alternative material to replace metallic interconnections of integrated circuits. This material is an SiO2 matrix containing Silicon-nanoclusters (Si-nc) and Erbium ions (Er3+). Thanks to an energy transfer between Si-nc and Er3+, the strong absorption of Si-nc in the visible range results in the indirect excitation of Er3+ ions that thus emit at 1. 5 µm. The goal is to optimize the emission properties of Er3+ at 1. 5 µm, and for that, to maximize the energy transfer between Si-nc and Er3+. First, the work is directed on thermal treatments during and after the deposition. Then, we analyze the influence of the film thickness on the material’s optical properties and we show that thinnest films (< 150 nm) contain a low number of that reduces the number of excited erbium. We demonstrate that this problem can be overcome by increasing the silicon concentration, hence raising the number of sensitizers for Er3+. It is also shown that Er3+ ions benefit from a multilevel excitation by Si-nc sensitizers. A second part of the work consists in the realization of light-emitting diodes (LEDs) and to optimize their emission at 1. 5 µm. We show that thickness and silicon excess must be chosen concomitantly to optimize optical and electrical properties of LEDs. In a last part we show that LEDs’ properties can be enhanced using nitrogen-based matrices like oxynitrides or nitrides as hosts for Er3+
Bejbouji, Habiba. "Optimisation des matériaux d'électrodes dans les diodes électroluminescentes et les cellules solaires organiques." Phd thesis, Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux I, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01005217.
Full textBarbet, Adrien. "Pompage par LED de matériaux laser émettant dans le visible ou l'infrarouge proche." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016SACLO020/document.
Full textSince the early 2000s, the lighting market is constantly growing up, pulling the Light-Emitting Diodes (LED) performance forward and pushing their cost down. LED is becoming an interesting source of light for laser pumping, between flashlamp and laser diodes. Thus, 40 years after the first demonstration, we suggest to revisit laser LED pumping. In this work, we demonstrated for the first time a Nd:YVO4 laser directly LED-pumped. LED radiance being limited, we took interest in LED-pumped luminescent concentrators. By developing Ce:YAG concentrator, we were able to overcome the LEDs irradiance by a factor of 20, leading to output irradiances similar to the laser diode ones (of the order of multi-kW/cm²). We validated the concept by pumping for the first time a Nd:YVO4 crystal and a Nd:YAG crystal with luminescent concentrators. Output energies of several mJ were obtained. In addition, we succeeded to get a passively Q-switched regime for the Nd:YAG laser by using saturable absorbers leading to unpreceded performance for a LED-pumped laser. Finally, LED-pumped concentrators pave the way for new possibilities for high-radiance source pumped media. Our first tests on titanium doped sapphire show that a laser gain with a LED pumping is achievable
Sergent, Alessandra. "Métallopolymères des éléments f : nouveaux matériaux hybrides semi-conducteurs phosphorescents pour les diodes électroluminescentes organiques." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00840219.
Full textBejbouji, Habiba. "Optimisation des matériaux des électrodes dans les diodes électroluminescentes organiques et les cellules solaires organiques." Thesis, Bordeaux 1, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009BOR13897/document.
Full textThe optimization of hole injection materials in organic light emitting diodes (OLEDs) and organic photovoltaic cells (OPVCs) is reported. Water and organic solvent-based PANIs were used. We have studied the influence of the thickness, the morphology and the conductivity of PANI films in (OPVCs) performances. The results show that the conductivity and the thickness of the PANI film greatly affect (OLED) and (OPVCs) effectiveness. The dopant and the solvent used in the synthesis of PANI dispersion also play an important role. PANI and PEDOT dispersions as well as carbon nanotube were also used as electrodes without ITO. The effect of pH, conductivity, the work function, the nature of the dopant and the solvent in the injection property were analyzed
Romain, Maxime. "Nouveaux matériaux hôtes pour les dopants phosphorescents bleus : vers de nouvelles diodes électrophosphorescentes bleues hautes performances." Thesis, Rennes 1, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014REN1S116/document.
Full textOrganic light emitting diodes (OLEDs) represent an evolution of the light emitting diode (LED) technology in which light is emitted from an organic molecule. This work is focused on the synthesis and the study of new molecules, which will be used (i) as emissive layer in fluorescent OLEDs, or (ii) as host material in phosphorescent OLED (PhOLED). First of all an introduction of the important field of organic electronics is presented, followed by the presentation of the synthesis of new organic semi-conductors (3π-2spiro or 2π-1spiro hydrocarbons). A detailed analysis of their properties was performed and after incorporation in the devices, the performances of blue OLEDs and PhOLEDs are compared. The performances recorded attests that this molecular design is of great interest
Lee, Chih-Wen. "Étude des propriétés optiques et électriques des nanocomposites polymères pour les diodes électroluminescentes organiques." Nantes, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008NANT2019.
Full textHybrid nanocomposites have been investigated in this research work in order to examine the possibility to enhance the performance of organic devices in stability and in efficiency and to understand the physical processes induced by the inorganic part in the polymer matrix. The first realization was carried out with composites made of phenylenevinylene (PPV) derivatives and CdSe(ZnS) core/ shell nanocrystals. It was demonstrated that the brightness and yield of devices using the nanocomposites were strongly increased as compared to those obtained in devices using the polymer alone. Next, the role of the nanocrystals was studied by performing the measurements of trap states introduced in composite films. To easily compare the results with those reported in the literature, the polymer used here was poly[2-methoxy-5(2’-ethylhexyloxy)-1,4-phenylene vinylene](MEH-PPV) and the studied composite was (MEH-PPV+ CdSe(ZnS)). It was found that the enhancement of the performance of devices using the composites is in part, associated to the decrease in the trap density of the polymer. Finally, investigations of trap formation in composites were extended to polymer systems composed of 2-(4-biphenylyl)-5-(4-tert-butyl-phenyl)-(1,3,4-oxadiazole) (PBD) and poly (9-vinylcarbazole) (PVK) and containing phosphorescent-metal complex. It was demonstrated that incorporation of complex caused the suppression of existing defects in the polymer blend and introduced new traps. In all systems investigated, the devices using nanocomposites showed significant improvement of their electroluminescent performance. The doping seems to affect the transport process by reducing the trap density of the polymer
Thiery, Sébastien. "Design de matériaux hôtes à haut état triplet pour des applications dans des diodes organiques électrophosphorescentes." Thesis, Rennes 1, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015REN1S071/document.
Full textOrganic light emitting diodes (OLEDs) in which light is emitted from fluorescence pathway of an organic molecule, represent an evolution of the light emitting diode (LED) technology. Phosphorescent OLEDs (PhOLEDs) which combine in the emitting layer an “organic host doped with a guest phosphor”, may reach theoretically higher performances than OLEDs. This work is focused on the synthesis and the study of new organic compounds with high triplet state energy, which will be used as host material in blue PhOLEDs. After an introduction of this important field of organic electronics, the synthesis of new organic semi-conductors based on the 2π-1spiro architecture and the detailed analysis of their physicochemical properties through a structure/properties relationship study are presented. The performances of blue PhOLEDs using these matrices are then described and show the great interest of the new host designs
Fave, Claire. "Les phospholes : nouveaux synthons pour l'élaboration de matériaux pour l'opto-électronique." Rennes 1, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003REN10163.
Full textLakehal, Merouane. "Etude des matériaux composites à base de poly (p phénylène vinylène) et de nanoparticules inorganiques : application aux dispositifs électroniques." Nantes, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002NANT2032.
Full textPoly (p phenylene vinylene) (PPV) is particularly well adapted to the fabrication of organic light emitting diodes because it has a good optical properties (absorption, photoluminescence,. . . ) and can easily be deposited in films
Olivier, Simon. "Matériaux photoréticulables à base de fluorophores photopolymérisables : synthèse et caractérisations pour la fabrication d’OLEDs." Nantes, 2015. https://archive.bu.univ-nantes.fr/pollux/show/show?id=0cc3c336-e0fa-405b-bbad-5654a7a453d2.
Full textThis PhD work realized in co-supervision between the University of Nantes and the CEA-LETI in Grenoble aims at elaborating photopolymerizable emissive molecules to fabricate electroluminescent diodes following a solution process. Although many studies have been performed on the elaboration of photopolymerizable hole transporting layers to get rid of the commonly used evaporation processes, poorly compatible with large areas and expensive, little has been done on the wet deposition of emitting layers. The studies performed herein report on the syntheses, the characterizations, and the use of emissive small molecules, amenable to polymerize and form highly fluorescent amorphous thin films Monomers emitting in the blue, green and red ranges have been synthesized following a modular strategy involving the same key intermediate compound, thereby minimizing the synthesis steps. They yielded thin films with amorphous and electronic properties ruled independently by the substituant bulkiness and the increasing power of the electron-withdrawing group. After simple UV irradiation and development, nanometric insoluble thin layers, remaining fluorescent, have been obtained. Such photopolymerization has been harnessed to fabricate multilayer systems, after optimization of the exposure conditions, the photo-initiator concentration and the surrounding environment. Electroluminescent devices have been realized by coupling this wet deposition process (e. G. Spin-coating and inkjet) with the vacuum evaporation of top layers, and their performances have been measured
Rodriguez, Fernand. "Synthèse de nouveaux matériaux conjugués pour l'électronique organique : fabrication et études des performances de transistors organiques et de diodes electroluminescentes." Paris 7, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA077204.
Full textThis thesis describes the synthesis and characterization of new conjugated materials for organic electronics. In the first part of this work we have developed an original approach to elaborating organic field-effect transistors based on a SAM consisting of bifunctional molecules containing a short alkyl chain linked to an oligothiophene moiety that acts as the active semiconductor. The SAM was deposited on a thin AI2O3 oxide layer that serves as a gate insulator. The SAMs have been characterized by polarization-modulated IR reflection-absorption spectroscopy (PMIRRAS) and AFM. Devices with well defined I/V curves have been obtained with a clear saturation allowing an estimate of the mobility: 3. 5. 1CT ¯³ cm²/W. S. The second part deals with development of new organometallic complexes based on oligothiophene- substituted 8-hydroxyquinoline for organic electroluminescence applications. Lithium and aluminium complexes have been synthesized and characterized. The OLED structures have been optimized by a careful choice of the hole-transporting layers, metal cathodes and the thickness of the emissive layer. The results show that some of the lithium complexes present better performances than the reference material AIQ3 with a lower onset voltage or a higher yield
Torre, y. Ramos Jorge De La. "Etudes des propriétés optoélectroniques de structures et de composants à base de nanostructures de Si." Lyon, INSA, 2003. http://theses.insa-lyon.fr/publication/2003ISAL0098/these.pdf.
Full textSilicon is the base semiconductor for microelectronics in particular because of the high integration levels and low productions costs that can be acheived. However, at the present time, the size reduction of components is confronted to serious problems since according to predictions, in the next 10 years the transmission lengths will exceed the 90km in one single chip and the transmission of information will represent a serious handicap because of signal propagation delays and overheating. In this framework, a 100% silicon based microphotonics seems to be a a very interessting option since to date most of the photonics devices neccesary to develop this technology like optical waveguides, fast switches and optical modulators or even tunable optical filters has been demonstrated. However, a major element for the development of this sector which is obtaining a silicon based effective light source is a serious challenge to overcome. This work concerns the study of the optoelectronic properties of silicon nanocrystals (nc-Si) fabricated by ion implantation at University of Barcelona or by LPCVD at CEA-LETI in Grenoble for obtaining reliable light emitting devices (DEL). Thus, the luminescence of nc-Si will be discussed within the framework of the various postulated models. Besides, we will discuss the several approches used to obtain DELs and we will present a light emitting device operating in a “cold” carrier injection regime with low polarisation voltage which avoids the electroluminescent properties’s degradation. Finally, the development of the photocurrent technique that has permitted to determine in a relatively simple way the absorption spectrum of nc-Si will be presented
Roussel, Olivier. "Synthèse et purification de matériaux à caractère cristal liquide à base de triphénylène pour leur utilisation dans des diodes électroluminescentes organiques." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/210831.
Full textNous avons choisi d'étudier les composés discotiques à base de triphénylène, car celui-ci n'absorbe pas dans le visible. Nous avons tout d'abord étudié les 2,3,6,7,10,11-Hexa-(alkylthio)triphénylènes (HATT). Les HATT possèdent déjà les propriétés physiques que nous recherchons à l'exception des propriétés thermotropes. Nous avons donc étudié la possibilité de modifier celles-ci.
La synthèse de plusieurs HATT possédant six chaînes alkylsulfanyles identiques n'a pas donné les résultats attendus du point de vue des propriétés thermotropes. Nous avons alors synthétisé des molécules possédant plusieurs chaînes alkylsulfanyles différentes. Après différents essais, nous avons trouvé un mélange de molécules possédant plusieurs chaînes latérales différentes ayant les propriétés physiques recherchées. Mais ce matériau est composé d'un grand nombre de molécules et sa purification est difficile. Les techniques classiques de purification des composés organiques ne donnant pas une pureté suffisante, ou étant inapplicables sur une mésophase cristal liquide à température ambiante, nous avons donc recherché d'autres techniques de purification ou d'obtention des propriétés thermotropes désirées.
Nous avons étudié la purification par raffinage de zone des matériaux à l'aide d'une impureté que nous avons ajoutée et suivie au cours des manipulations. Le raffinage de zone montre une bonne purification lors de l'utilisation d'une transition de phase entre une phase cristalline et une phase liquide. Par contre, lors de l'utilisation d'une transition impliquant une mésophase (cristal liquide ou cristal plastique), une faible (ou une absence de) purification est observée. Ces deux dernières études ont été faites sur des 2,3,6,7,10,11-Hexa(alkyloxy)triphénylènes (HAOT) que nous avons synthétisés et purifiés au préalable.
Les gels de silice fonctionnalisés que nous avons utilisés montrent une purification des cations métalliques durs et, dans une moindre mesure, des cations métalliques intermédiaires dans le concept dur-mou. Le phosphore, seul élément non-métallique que nous ayons étudié, est l'élément dont la baisse de concentration est la moins efficace.
La seconde approche pour obtenir des mélanges possédant une mésophase cristal liquide à température ambiante est la formation de mélanges de molécules synthétisées et purifiées isolément. Parmi les mélanges de molécules que nous avons effectués, nous avons pu observer une plage de concentration de mélanges ternaires qui possède les propriétés thermotropes recherchées.
Nous avons donc obtenu un matériau cristal liquide à température ambiante grâce à un mélange de molécules. Le matériau ainsi formé absorbe peu dans le visible, possède potentiellement une bonne mobilité des porteurs de charges électriques, est facilement obtenu à une pureté suffisante. Ce mélange de molécules possède donc les propriétés que nous recherchons pour être utilisé comme couche de matériau ajoutée aux OLED.
Doctorat en sciences, Spécialisation chimie
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
Bethoux, Jean-Marc. "Relaxation des contraintes dans les hétérostructures épaisses (Al,Ga)N : une piste originale pour la réalisation de diodes électroluminescentes à cavité résonante." Nice, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004NICE4042.
Full textIn [0001]-oriented III-nitrides, the glide of threading dislocations is inefficient to relax the misfit stress. When films are grown under tensile stress, the plastic relaxation occurs through the film cracking and the introduction of misfit dislocations from the crack edges. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) have been used in order to characterize cracked (Al,Ga)N/GaN heterostructures. A cooperative mechanism between cracking and ductile relaxation has been outlined. The relaxation rate strongly depends in the (Al,Ga)N/GaN film thickness. By combining the lateral growth of (Al,Ga)N and the stress relaxation, craks have been healed and high quality (Al,Ga)N films have been grown by metal-organic vapour phase epitaxy (MOVPE). Coherent growth of (Al,Ga)N/GaN Bragg mirrors has been carried out of those thick relaxed (Al,Ga)N films. Their optical and electrical properties as well as their stress have been investigated. A resistivity measurement method has been developed to comply with the planar technology. Resonant cavity light emitting diodes (RCLED° have been realized to demonstrate the benefit of this new (Al,Ga)N growth method
Taillepierre, Philippe. "Diodes électroluminescentes organiques : études des efficacités lumineuses et du traitement ionique des électrodes pour l'amélioration du vieillissement." Limoges, 2006. https://aurore.unilim.fr/theses/nxfile/default/206e837a-c35f-4de6-ab2e-9754ce39da3d/blobholder:0/2006LIMO0032.pdf.
Full textMostly, organic electroluminescent diodes (OLEDs) present a polychromatic emission contrary to the inorganic diodes. However, this emission is not taken into account during calculation of the photometric parameters (luminance, efficiencies) which are obtained by supposing a monochromatic emission. Calculations of these parameters are carried out considering the real emission of the diodes. The obtained results show that photometric parameters including the eye photoptic response in the calculation, are overestimated in the case of green diodes and underestimated for blue or red diodes if a monochromatic emission is considered. Studies are also carried out about OLEDs using a cathode protected by a silver layer deposited with an ion beam assistance. The obtained densification of the silver layer permits to fight against the “dark spots” phenomenon to improve the diode lifetime
Cueff, Sébastien. "Transfert d'énergie entre nanoclusters de Silicum et Erbium dans des matrices oxydes et nitrures de Si: applications à des diodes électroluminescentes." Phd thesis, Université de Caen, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00934714.
Full textJoly, Damien. "Nouveaux dérivés organophosphorés pi-conjugués pour l'électronique organique." Rennes 1, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010REN1S128.
Full textIn order to extend application possibilities of organophosphorus compounds, new derivatives incorporating one or several phospole cycle were synthesized and their physical properties were investigated. In the first chapter, these molecules were used as orange emitters for white organic light emitting diodes through doping of a blue matrix. In the second chapter, mixed thiophenes/phospholes oligomers have been used as potential donor materials towards C60 for organic photovoltaic cells. Emphasis was given on the impact of inserting phosphole units into linear oligothiophènes and how connecting those with a phosphorus-phosphorus bond change their physical properties. Last chapter is about the study of star-shape phospholes such as 1,2,3,4,5-pentaphenylphosphole substituted with aliphatic chains for potential organic field effect transistors applications. Cyclisation of such compound was also studied in order to synthesize carbone sheets containing a phosphorus atom
Canet, Pierre. "Mise en évidence et analyse des phénomènes d'électroluminescence dans des matériaux polymères pour l'électrotechnique et l'électronique. Corrélation avec les mécanismes de conduction électrique." Toulouse 3, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992TOU30137.
Full textBurner, Pauline. "Nouvelle génération de luminophores pour l'éclairage par LED." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016GREAI064/document.
Full textWhite solid state lighting is recognized as a major disruptive technology with an urgent need of low coast prices, associated to good color quality, confortable for eyes, by reducing the bluish harmful contribution of “cold” lighting. At Néel Institute, we develop a new type of phosphors based on yttrium aluminoborate powders. These innovating powders exhibit a large emission band on the whole visible range, arising from structural defects in the amorphous matrix. Thus, with a single phosphor, one can generate warm white lighting through the excitation of LEDs emitting in the near UV (370-390 nm). Moreover, these phosphors don’t possess lanthanides, making them less expensive.The powders synthesized by chimie douce routes, are annealed under controlled atmosphere. The yttrium alominoborate phosphors were first prepared by the polymercic precursor method. This synthesis road involved several steps and relatively high annealing temperatures (700-740°C). This thesis was focused on the sol-gel synthesis method. By this work, the duration process, the annealing temperature (450°C-650°C), and the global mass loss incoming from the organic precursors decomposition were significantly reduced.Thermal analysis (TDA-TG) coupled with mass spectrometry and 13C RNM show residual carbon groups in luminescent powders. Nevertheless, one part of the residual carbons is pyrolytic carbon (aromatic carbon), which leads to partial re-absorption of the visible emitted luminescence, and thus induces a decrease of the emission intensity.The structural characterizations of yttrium aluminoborate powders (XRD, FTIR, NMR) show that Al4B2O9 aluminoborate phase, is the first appearing crystalline phase during the increase of calcination temperature. The Pair Distribution Function (PDF) study demonstrates that amorphous aluminoborate matrix exhibit a short range ordering close to Al4B2O9 phase: a cyclic tridimensional organization of metal bridges by oxo or hydroxo ligands. On the other hand, based on 13C NMR results, yttrium seems to conserve propionate ligands in its coordination sphere until high temperature. Otherwise, the presence of radical species was evidenced in luminescent powders by electronic paramagnetic resonance. A set of measurements performed at different frequencies, in continuous and pulsed modes, allows attributing that species to carbon radicals. The presence of several luminescence species exhibiting essentially fluorescence properties (ns life time) and very weak phosphorescence emission (ms and s lifetime) was shown by the means of photoluminescence studies steady-state and time resolved coupled to thermoluminescence analysis. The powders synthesized by sol-method exhibit a 30 % internal quantum yield.Thanks to the different characterizations, luminescent powders synthesized by the sol-gel route seem to contain two types of residual carbons: one at the origin of the luminescence properties (carbon-related radicals) while the other, pyrolytic carbon, is damaging as it absorbs partially the luminescence emission. To conclude, we suggest an extrinsic mechanism for the photoluminescence, which is based on carbon centers dispersed inside the mineral matrix, favoring mainly fluorescence in blue (430 nm) and green emissions (500 nm) associated with a weak phosphorescence emission in the same emission range
Retailleau, Matthieu. "De la photopolymérisation aux matériaux avancés : nouvelles combinaisons de chimies et de photoamorceurs." Thesis, Mulhouse, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016MULH9373.
Full textThe goal of this thesis was to evaluate the potential of the free radical photopolymerization (FRP) for new applications that require higher thicknesses or require different properties regarding the 3D network structure, the ultimate objective being to achieve advanced materials. The subject of this thesis has focused on two main thematics: composites and intelligent materials. The first part of this manuscript was devoted to the COMPOSFAST project which aimed to automate the production of composites via FRP. Our goal has been to develop a two-stage photopolymérisable formulation for the manufacture of glass fiber composites by a pre-impregnation process. Regarding the second part of this manuscript, this one has been dedicated to the creation of smart materials by a multi-stage process. The objective has been to manufacture homogeneous polymer networks possessing smart properties by modifying the chemistry usually involved in FRP. Through the thesis, potential industrial applications have emerged thanks to the research carried out on these advanced materials and have led to the patenting of the technology
Fan, Arcara Victor. "Jonctions tunnel dans les hétérostructures des matériaux nitrures pour applications optoélectroniques." Thesis, Université Côte d'Azur, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020COAZ4010.
Full textTunnel junctions provide an alternative solution to issues that limit the efficiency of ultraviolet light emitting diodes, such as the high resistivity of p-doped AlGaN layers and the resulting poor hole injection. The objective fo this thesis is the optimization of GaN and AlGaN based tunnel junction LED structures and their structural and optoelectronic characterization. The growth of a JT LED entirely by MOCVD is industrially appealing, but the p-doped (Al)GaN layers developed by this technique suffer from the repassivation of the Mg acceptors by the hydrogen present in the growth chamber. We have tried and succeeded to minimize this problem by modifying the growth conditions of the tunnel junction. Positive results have been achieved on blue LEDs, in particular with GaN tunnel junctions including an InGaN interlayer that increases its tunnel transparency. However, this all MOCVD process seems difficult to optimize and its extension to AlGaN materials difficult. Thanks to a hybrid MOCVD+MBE growth approach, p-doped GaN and AlGaN layers can be obtained with active Mg acceptors while taking advantage of high quality active regions provided by MOCVD. With a GaN-based hybrid JT, we have been able to obtain, with both Si and Ge, higher levels of n++ doping than those of the MOCVD JTs, thus significantly reducing the operating voltage of the devices. The strong Ge doping of the GaN layers allowed us to obtain electron densities of the order of 5x1020cm-3 with state-of-the-art mobilities and resistivities, without introducing a strong constraint in the network. In the second part of this work, we have developed AlGaN-based JTs doped with Ge on UV LEDs by gradually changing their Al concentration up to a value of 70%. In the UV range, the JTs become of paramount importance by increasing the injection efficiency without compromising light extraction. High levels of Ge doping have been obtained leading to thin junctions as shown by electronic holography. Even if the voltage drops introduced by the use of JTs remain significant (a few volts), the injection of out-of-equilibrium holes allows for a significant increase of the injection efficiency in the LED leading to a strong increase of the quantum efficiency of these devices
Etcheberry, Arnaud. "Comportement de l'interface phosphure d'indium/électrolyte : apport des méthodes optiques." Paris 7, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985PA077036.
Full textZhang, Yu. "Fabrication, structural and spectroscopic studies of wide bandgap semiconducting nanoparticles of ZnO for application as white light emitting diodes." Thesis, Lyon, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020LYSEI046.
Full textThe present thesis studies ZnO nanoparticles embedded in a mesospheric polyacrylic acid (PAA) matrix synthesized via a hydrolysis protocol. The mesospheric ZnO/PAA hybrid structure was previously proved efficient in emitting visible light in a broad range, which results from the deep-level intrinsic defects in ZnO nanocrystals. To further tune the photoluminescence (PL) spectrum and improve the PL quantum yield (PL QY) of the material, metal-doped ZnO and silica-coated ZnO/PAA are fabricated independently. For ZnO doped with metallic elements, the nature, concentration, size and valence of the dopant are found to affect the formation of the mesospheres and consequently the PL and PL QY. Ions larger than Zn2+ with a higher valence tend to induce larger mesospheres and unembedded ZnO nanoparticles. Doping generally leads to the quenching of PL, but the PL spectrum can still be tuned in a wide range (between 2.46 eV and 2.17 eV) without degrading the PL QY by doping small ions at a low doping concentration (0.1 %). For silica-coated ZnO/PAA, an optimal coating correlatively depends on the amount of TEOS and ammonia in the coating process. The amount of TEOS does not affect the crystal structure of ZnO or the PL spectrum of the material, but high concentration of ammonia can degrade the PAA mesospheres and thicken the silica shell. A thin layer of silica that does not absorb too much excitation light but completely covers the mesospheres proves to be the most efficient, with a drastic PL QY improvement of six times. Regarding the application, the materials suffer from thermal quenching at temperatures high up to 100°C, at which white light emitting diodes (WLEDs) generally operates. However, silica-coated ZnO/PAA induces higher emission intensity at room temperature to make up for the thermal quenching
Demolon, Pierre. "Élaboration de structures laser d'éléments III-N émettant dans le vert." Nice, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010NICE4101.
Full textThis work deals with the metalorganic vapour phase epitaxy (MOVPE) of nitride laser diodes working under electrical injection. The doping of GaN:Si and GaN:Mg layers has been optimized in order to reduce the access resistances of the laser. The structure of the (In,Ga)N active area has been calibrated to control the optical emission from violet to yellow wavelengths. A strong electric field has been observed in the quantum well (QW) during this study. Due to Quantum Confined Stark Effect a compromise between the thickness and the In composition of QWs is essential in order to obtain a strong radiative efficiency. Phenomena relating to (Al,Ga,In)N confinement layers have been treated. Theorical and experimental studies allowed pointing out the key points to optimize the vertical conduction of AlGaN/GaN superlattices. A study regarding AlInN layers lattice matched with GaN has been made to limit the crystallographic defects and to increase the optical confinement of the confinement layers. To validate the optimization of each building block, we have grown several laser structures, and the devices have generated a laser emission under electrical injection
Choukri, Hakim. "Contrôle de la couleur d'émission d'une Diode Electro-Luminescente Organique (OLED) multicouche via la diffusion des excitons." Phd thesis, Paris 13, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA132005.
Full textThis work reports on color control of organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs), which are the basic devices for flat displays and future solid state-lighting sources, by investigating excitons diffusion. After optimization of the thickness of fluorescent yellow emitters incorporated in a lue-emitting matrix, their position shifts from the recombination zone leads to a fine tunning of the emission with chromatic coordinates (0. 32; 0. 33) is obtained. This control of color emission of the OLED is due to excitons diffusion in the device; a study of singlets and triplets excitons diffusion is proposed. From electroluminescence spectra measurements, singlets diffusion lengths are investigate in two well-known materials, namely NPB and the DPVBi. In the case of triplets excitons, a new structure, using a thick CBP matrix doped by a phosphorescent dye, is proposed. Taking into account microcavity effects, the triplet exciton diffusion length in CBP is determined
Rerbal, Kamila. "Etats électroniques localisés dans a-Sil-xCx:H massif et poreux : Spectroscopie IR et photoluminescence." Palaiseau, Ecole polytechnique, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004EPXX0044.
Full textRichard, Soline. "Modélisation physique de la structure électronique, du transport et de l'ionisation par choc dans les matériaux IV-IV massifs, contraints et dans les puits quantiques." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2004. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00008310.
Full textGaffuri, Pierre. "Nouveaux matériaux pour des LED blanches éco-efficientes : hétérostructures à base de nanofils de ZnO et luminophores d'aluminoborates sans terres rares." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021GRALI004.
Full textThe widespread implementation of white light-emitting diodes (wLEDs), based on the blue electroluminescence of an LED and the yellow photoluminescence of a phosphor, represents a major opportunity to reduce global energy consumption. The performances of wLEDs are based on materials considered as critical, such as gallium and gallium/indium nitrides for the blue LED, and cerium doped yttrium aluminium garnet for the phosphor. The synthesis of these materials require costly and high-temperature physical and chemical deposition techniques. In this context, new non-critical materials have been studied and manufactured by soft chemistry methods: ZnO nanowires array as n-type semiconductor, and aluminoborate powders as phosphor. On the one hand, the mechanisms of the extrinsic doping and related modification of the growth of ZnO nanowires deposited by chemical bath deposition were investigated, showing the dominant roles of pH and precursor concentrations. Defects and complex defects incorporated in ZnO nanowires, crucial from an application point of view, greatly modify their optical and electrical proprieties. Their epitaxial growth on p-type GaN thin films forms heterojunctions whose electroluminescence properties are evaluated. On the other hand, aluminoborate-based phosphors powders were synthesized by the Pechini method, by substituting yttrium, usually present in the amorphous particles. The optimization of the new chemical compositions and thermal annealing offers a broad emission whose internal quantum luminescence efficiency exceeds 60 %. This study provides a better understanding of the trapping of carbon species, and their role in the luminescence. Eventually, consumer interest in such structures without critical materials and with low embodied energy is measured and offers optimistic prospects for their development
Gao, Xue. "Injection de spin dans les semiconducteurs et les matériaux organiques." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LORR0059/document.
Full textSpintronics with semiconductors is very attractive as it can combine the potential of semiconductors with the potential of the magnetic materials. GaN has a long spin relaxation time, which could be of potential interest for spintronics applications. Organic spintronics is also very appealing because of the long spin lifetime of charge carriers in addition to their relatively low cost, flexibility, and chemical diversity. In this thesis, we investigate spin injection in spin LEDs containing either InAs/GaAs quantum dots or InGaN/GaN quantum wells. Moreover, we further study spin polarized transport in organic multiferroic tunnel junctions (OMFTJs). Firstly, we will show that the circular polarization of the light emitted by a LED containing a single layer of p-doped InAs/GaAs quantum dots (QDs) can reach about 18% under zero applied magnetic field. A clear correlation is established between the polarization degree of the emitted light and the perpendicular magnetization of the injector layer. The polarization reaches a maximum for an applied bias of 2.5V at 10K, which corresponds to an injected current of 6 µA. Also, we report a remarkable behavior of the polarization in the temperature region 60-80K. The interpretation of the bias and temperature dependence of the polarization is discussed in light of the competition between radiative recombination time τr and the spin relaxation time τs. In addition, significant efforts have been devoted to developing a perpendicular spin injector on GaN based materials to achieve spin injection without applying a magnetic field. Firstly, the growth of MgO has been investigated at various growth temperatures. Then, we studied the growth of either Fe or Co on MgO/GaN. In contrast to Fe/MgO, the Co/MgO spin injector yields a clear perpendicular magnetic anisotropy. In addition, ab-initio calculations have been performed to understand the origin of the perpendicular magnetic anisotropy at the Co/MgO(111) interface. Finally, we investigate multiferroic tunnel junctions (MFTJs) based on organic PVDF barriers doped with Fe3O4 nano particles. The organic MFTJs have recently attracted much attention since they can combine advantages of spintronics, organic and ferroelectric electronics. We report on the successful fabrication of La0.6Sr0.4MnO3/PVDF:Fe3O4/Co OMFTJ, where the poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) organic barrier has been doped with ferromagnetic Fe3O4 nanoparticles. By changing the polarization of the ferroelectric PVDF, the tunneling process in OMFTJ can be switched either through the LSMO/PVDF/Co part (positive polarization) or through the Fe3O4/PVDF/Co part (negative polarization). This corresponds to a reversal of tunneling magnetoresistance (TMR) from +10% to -50%, respectively. Our study shows that the doping of OMFTJs with magnetic nanoparticles can create new functionalities of organic spintronic devices by the interplay of nanoparticle magnetism with the ferroelectricity of the organic barrier
Gruart, Marion. "Elaboration et propriétés de nanofils à base d'InGaN pour la réalisation de micro et nanoLEDs." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020GRALY031.
Full textIII-N semi-conductors, including GaN, AlN, InN and their alloys, are now firmly established as a current solution for solid state lighting and related applications due to their direct band gaps ranging from deep UV to IR (6,14 eV to 0,64 eV). Since the realization of InGaN/GaN quantum wells based blue LEDs, rewarded by the 2014 Nobel Prize in physics, InGaN based visible LEDs have emerged as a prime candidate for lighting applications. However, one of the main challenges for the fabrication of III-N based devices is the large lattice mismatch between the III-N epilayers and the available substrates. Consequently, a high density of extended defects is induced by plastic relaxation, drastically decreasing the LEDs’ efficiency.Semiconductor nanowires are intensely studied for the realization of high efficacity axial heterostructures, due to the greatly eased elastic strain relaxation resulting from their large aspect ratio. With the aim of realizing red emitting InGaN based LEDs and overcome the green gap issue, this PhD work is mainly focused on the growth of InGaN/GaN nanowires and micro-columns with high In content (approximately 35%In). The growth is achieved by using plasma-assisted molecular beam epitaxy (PA-MBE) on [0001]-oriented GaN wires templates, ranging in diameter from nanowires to micro-columns to provide a better understanding of these key parameters.Optimization of such devices requires an extensive understanding of GaN and InGaN growth on top of GaN wires. Firstly, GaN nanowires elongation mechanism was shown to be governed by peripheral nucleation. Depending on GaN growth conditions, the top crystallographic planes are tuned from semi-polar planes to c-planes, making possible a surface preparation for the growth of InGaN active region of LED devices. As a new approach, we propose in this work to perform the InGaN growth on a Ga-polar [0001] GaN top surface, in contrast to the InGaN grown on semi-polar facets reported in literature. Taking into account the In incorporation efficacity with respect to the growth orientation, the InGaN epitaxy on a [0001] top facet guarantees a unique InGaN composition on each wire for the realization of monochromatic LEDs. Moreover, the enlargement of GaN wires toward the top was shown to eliminate a parasitic short-circuit and reduce the wire diameters variability. The replacement of the InGaN section by a pyramidal InGaN/GaN superlattice was observed to reduce non-radiative recombinations and increase the InGaN luminescence intensity. Additionally, these structures increase the surface of current injection in the active region of the LEDs, improving their efficiency. Finally, electroluminescence from LEDs realized during this PhD is covering a large range of visible spectrum from 450 nm to 610 nm
Banda, Gnama Mbimbiangoye Mallys Elliazar. "Mesure et modélisation du comportement de matériaux diélectriques irradiés par faisceau d'électrons." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017TOU30208/document.
Full textIn their common uses as electrical insulators, organic solid materials are constitutive of electric power transmission cables, power control and conversion circuits as well as (micro) electronic components or embedded systems (thermal coating of satellites, batteries of accumulators, etc.). Under various constraints of use (electric field, radiation, temperature, humidity ...) they can accumulate charges in their bulk which could affect the reliability of the systems in which they are employed. One of the commonly used means to study the electrical behavior of these charges is to measure the spatiotemporal distribution of charges by subjecting the dielectrics to a continuous potential difference between two electrodes. However, this method does not always allow clearly distinguishing the contribution of charges due to generation on the one hand and the one due to transport phenomena on the other hand. This study proposes an alternative approach, consisting in generating charges (electrons) within the electrical insulation using an electron-beam under vacuum. The charges are hence deposited at a known position and in a controlled quantity. Other physical processes related to the implantation of electrons must then be taken into account in order to predict and model the behavior of these irradiated materials. Low-density polyethylene (LDPE) films, prepared by thermal molding, were irradiated by a 80 keV electron-beam with a current flux of 1 nA/cm2. Space charge measurements using the Pulsed Electro-Acoustic (PEA) method, performed first in-situ and then ex-situ under DC electrical polarization, confirm an effective localization of charges within the material. The results under electrical polarization after irradiation show an important amount of positive charges in the irradiated zone of the dielectric. The electrical characterizations of irradiated LDPE films show a completely different behavior compared to the same non-irradiated material, suggesting a modification of the chemical structure of the material. Physico-chemical measurements (infrared spectroscopy, Photoluminescence and Differential Scanning Calorimetry-DSC) on these irradiated PEbd films do not show a significant degradation of the chemical structure of the dielectric which would explain the observed electrical behavior under post-irradiation polarization. Additional measurements show the reversible behavior of the irradiated then polarized PEbd, which would be only related to the presence of the charges generated by the beam. The experimental data of this study have simultaneously fed a numerical model of charge transport, developed to take into account the irradiation constraints. This model allows reproducing the in-situ results of charge implantation by the electron beam as well as the majority of the electrical processes observed on irradiated and polarized LDPE. It confirms the impact of the electron-beam deposited charge on the behavior under polarization and allows concluding on the origin of the positive charges observed after irradiation, which would be due to injection at the electrodes as well as to the creation of electron-hole pairs by the electron-beam during irradiation
Hahn, Wiebke. "Disorder-induced localization effects in nitride semiconductor compounds and devices." Thesis, Institut polytechnique de Paris, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020IPPAX049.
Full textThere are growing indications that alloy disorder controls to a large extent the electrical and optical properties of semiconductor compounds. In nitride ternary alloys, intrinsic compositional disorder, resulting from the random distribution of atoms on the crystal lattice, induces strong electronic localization effects. These disorder-induced localization effects are suspected to have a major impact on the performances of nitride-based light-emitting diodes (LEDs). It is therefore of primary importance to address this issue as huge energy savings are concerned. However, the investigation of alloy disorder effects is not trivial since the typical disorder length scale is in the nm range.During this thesis, we developed a scanning tunneling electroluminescence (STL) spectroscopy experiment to detect the radiative recombination of electrons locally injected by a scanning tunneling microscope tip in a GaN/InGaN/GaN quantum well, similar to those present in the active region of LEDs. Narrow emission peaks are detected which are characteristic of emission from single localized states. Fluctuations in the line shape of the local electroluminescence are observed at the scale of a few nm which evidence localization effects induced by alloy disorder. These experimental results are in good agreement with the so-called localization landscape theory which provides an effective confining potential map for the carriers exhibiting nanometer size localization regions
Delaunay, Wylliam. "Synthèse et caractérisation de nouveaux matériaux organophosphorés pour des applications en optoélectronique." Phd thesis, Université Rennes 1, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00942602.
Full textEvariste, Sloane. "Systèmes π-conjugués et assemblages supramoléculaires organophosphorés : synthèse et propriétés physico-chimiques." Thesis, Rennes 1, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016REN1S058/document.
Full textThis manuscript describes the synthesis and characterization of new molecular systems based on phosphorus atom: we developed and studied π-conjugated systems based on phosphole and secondly supramolecular assemblies with phosphine ligand have been studied. Firstly, an introduction to the phosphole chemistry (history, synthesis methods, integration into π-conjugated systems) is presented. The first chapter describes the synthesis and physico-chemical study of phospholes derivatives having an extended π-system for the development of orange-red emitters in organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs). Different molecular engineering involving the triple bond leads to modifications of the optical properties of the synthesized compounds by red-shifting their absorption and/or emission maxima. Chapter II describes the synthesis and the physical properties of complexes using phosphole based π-systems as linkers between two metal centers. New Fe (II), Pt (II) and Au (I) complexes have been developed and the electronic communication between the two metals is studied. The second part of the thesis work starts with a review on the emissive Cu(I) complexes. In Chapter III, are presented the syntheses, the structural and optical studies of new solid-state emissive supramolecular assemblies synthesized from pre-assembled Cu(I) molecular clips and stabilized by phosphine ligands (dppm or dpmp) with cyano ligands as linkers. Then in the final chapter new Cu(I) complexes are synthesized by using organic ligands with terminal nitrile functions as linkers. The solid-state luminescence properties of these new Cu(I) derivatives are studied according to their external environment and thermochromism, vapochromism and mechanochromism phenomena have been demonstrated for some of them
Provost, Marion. "Intégration de couches hybrides de base sol-gel dans les architectures de passivation de dispositifs OLED." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019GREAT056.
Full textDue of the ongoing growth of smartphones and TVs displays markets, the application of OLED (Organic Light Emitting Diode) technology for displays has become a major center of interest. The materials and substrates used in such architectures allow to develop lightweight, compact and even foldable displays, demonstrating an excellent image quality and fast refresh rates. Currently, the technological drawbacks restricting the exploitation on industrial scale mainly concern the lifespan of the devices. First, materials used in OLED architecture are highly sensitive to moisture and oxygen ingress and require a high barrier encapsulation. In addition, a specific protection needs to be included to secure the device from mechanical failures. As so various options from glass lids to flexible barriers are likely to be considered depending on the intended use. This work deals with the production of OLED microdisplays deposited on silicon substrates, and aims to develop an alternative packaging solution, based on organic-inorganic nanocomposite layers, both on top and embedded into the multi-barrier passivation architecture previously developed at the CEA-LETI. Synergistic properties can be obtained from composite materials, enhancing the advantages of both the organic (flexibility, processability) and inorganic phase (barrier properties, mechanical and chemical resistance). As a high control on the morphology in required, the sol-gel process was therefore selected for its versatility. Several composite materials were designed. One selected formulation, based on silica nanoparticles dispersed in a polymer matrix, proved to be fully compatible with the monolithic encapsulation of OLED circuits, including, among other properties, the recovery of the electrical bonding. Passivation architectures using the composite as interface layer showed improved barrier properties as well as an enhanced durability of devices stored in warm and damp environment. Obviously, a thin hard-coat layer does not equal a glass lid in terms of mechanical resistance, yet our formulation provided a sufficient protection during the overall process and handling of the displays. The main advantages of this alternative packaging rely on the reduced thickness, increasing the contrast by minimizing the loss of luminous efficacy through guided mode and offering the prospect of flexible substrate manufacturing
Cai, Muzhi. "Hybrid materials based on inorganic glasses doped with organophosphorus molecules for light emitting electrochemical cell applications." Thesis, Rennes, INSA, 2019. http://partages.insa-rennes.fr/share/page/document-details?nodeRef=workspace://SpacesStore/cc6fb318-d6f8-4126-8db4-a2a825a605a7.
Full textThe light-emitting electrochemical cell (LEC) is a planar layered device, which is comprised of an electroluminescent organic semiconductor (OSC) and mobile ions as the active material sandwiched between an anode and a cathode. Electrolyte is one of the “short slab” of LEC technology. The main objective of this work is developing a new LEC device based on organophosphorus molecule doped organic-inorganic hybrid glass electrolyte. This hybrid glass cannot be synthesized by using classic melt-quenching technique because the melting temperature of glass is always much higher than the degradation temperature of organic molecule. Thus, in this work, we devote to that how to dope the organophosphorus molecule into the glass with high ionic conductivity. In first chapter, the background and mechanism of LEC were introduced. In the second chapter, we attempted to dope the organophosphorus molecule into silicate glass containing high lithium content by sol-gel method. In third chapter, we are working to obtain organophosphorus molecule doped phosphate glass with high ionic conductivity through spark plasm sintering (SPS). A hybrid phosphate glass with ionic conductivity of around 10 -7 S/cm was obtained, and strong photoluminescence was observed. Besides, the electrochemical properties were investigated as well. Moreover, during the process of preparing the LEC by SPS, an interesting phenomenon was found. A broadband blue emission was observed in rare-earth free zinc phosphate oxynitride glass. The fourth chapter is focus on this interesting phenomenon
Beddelem, Nicole. "Croissance et caractérisation de nitrures ZnGeN2 pour applications optoélectroniques." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LORR0029/document.
Full textThe II-IV-nitrides ZnSiN2, ZnGeN2 and ZnSnN2 represent a semiconductors family close to the III-nitrides (GaN and its aluminum and indium containing alloys). They are obtained by replacing periodically the group III element (Ga) by a group II element (Zn) and by a group IV element (Si, Ge or Sn), its left and right neighbors in the periodic table. The crystalline structure of ZnGeN2 is therefore really close to the one of wurtzite GaN. They show a lattice mismatch smaller than 1 %. The band gap of ZnGeN2 is almost identical to GaN and their large band offset enables the design of a type II heterostructure. These data set the stage for the theoretical study of II-IV-N2 integration into the active zones of GaN LEDs. These type II quantum wells could contribute to enhance the emission properties of GaN-based light emitters at high wavelengths (green and beyond). The ZnSn{x}Ge{1-x}N2 alloy (with x = 0 to x = 1) being rather unknown, the objective of this thesis is the experimental study of sputtered thin films of this material. Its structural, optical and electrical properties are investigated through different analysis methods. It seems possible to adjust its lattice parameter a (from 3.22 A to 3.41 A) as well as its band gap (from 2.1 eV for ZnSnN2 to 3.0 eV for ZnGeN2) but also its electrical properties on several orders of magnitude. The use of GaN substrates enables the investigation of the interface between both materials and quasi-epitaxy effects
Jambois, Olivier. "Elaboration et étude de la structure et des mécanismes de luminescence de nanocristaux de silicium de taille contrôlée." Phd thesis, Université Henri Poincaré - Nancy I, 2005. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00011284.
Full textLes mécanismes de luminescence sont étudiés par spectroscopie de photoluminescence continue et résolue en temps de 4 K à 300 K. Corrélés à l'étude de structure, les résultats de photoluminescence montrent que la qualité de la matrice et la taille des nc-Si contrôlent les propriétés de luminescence des nc-Si. Les mécanismes de recombinaison des porteurs sont étudiés. Enfin, le transport électrique dans les couches est caractérisé. L'électroluminescence est observée et montre le rôle joué par les nc-Si sur la luminescence.
Llobel, Marc-Antoine. "Développement et application de méthodes de caractérisation pour la compréhension de la stabilité de modules photovoltaïques organiques fabriqués au déroulé." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019GREAI024/document.
Full textIn order to limit its environmental impact, a photovoltaic device must be efficient, sustainable and manufactured with a process that consumes low energy. In the last two decades organic photovoltaic cells have seen their efficiency increase tenfold (14% reached in 2018) making them more and more competitive with market-leading technologies (Si, thin films).Commercial organic devices are generally produced by printing in ambient air and therefore have relatively low manufacturing costs. The lifespan of these systems will vary with the materials involved and the applied stress and remains a weak point of the technology . A large number of research groups present lifetime studies on small scale devices produced at lab-scale. This work was conducted in collaboration with ARMOR and CEA-INES and aims at presenting the application of non-destructive characterization and analysis methods, to explain the evolution under illumination of organic photovoltaic modules (OPV) produced by roll-to-roll on an industrial pilot line. We will present the development and use of imaging methods (electroluminescence, photoluminescence), variable illumination measurement and modeling to explain the differences in performances after manufacturing and after aging between cells and OPV modules. This work has thus made it possible to highlight the disparities existing within modules and cells resulting from the same manufacturing process. In addition, some of the causes of degradation of these modules under illumination have been identified and mitigation strategies have been proposed
Rolles, Mélanie. "Étude théorique de la faisabilité des LED à base de ZnGeN2." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LORR0206/document.
Full textNitride LEDs development presents significant scientific and societal issues. The aim is to get low-cost, high efficiency LEDs with accurate color-rending (typically the Color Rending Index has to be higher than 90). Due to their large band gap (from 0.8 to 6.2 eV), III-N materials, as GaN and alloys, are still used for LEDs development. Nevertheless, they present several huge limitations mainly due to the evolution of InGaN properties for higher Indium concentrations. Strain and polarization effects affect then the LED quality through the reduction of the spontaneous emission. New high-performance devices require the development of new materials and the introduction of ZnGeN2 layers could be an alternative solution. We report here on a new green and red-emitting light emitting device (LED) architecture containing only 16% of indium. The structure is based on the use of a new type-II ZnGeN2/In0.16Ga0.84N quantum well. Type II InGaN-ZnGeN2 quantum wells (QWs) were proposed for the improvement of efficiency in active regions and realizing then devices operating in a large wavelength range from UV to IR. The zinc germanium nitride (ZnGeN2) is a new promising semiconductor for optoelectronic devices such as LED or photovoltaic cells due to its large, direct, and adjustable band gap, most particularly considered to overcome the green-gap issue in LED technology. ZnGeN2 derives from the III-nitride elements by replacing the III-group alternatively by a group II (Zn) and a group IV (Ge). Both the energy band gap and the lattice parameters of ZnGeN2 are very close to those of GaN. The crystallographic organizations are similar and the recently predicted large band offset between GaN and ZnGeN2 allows the formation of a type-II InGaN-ZnGeN2 heterostructure. Studies of ZnGeN2 based quantum well behaviors are scarce and no information on the overall electro-optical operation of such LED is available. We simulate here with SILVACO/ATLAS the complete behavior of a green and red LED structures in which the active region is a type-II ZnGeN2/In0.16Ga0.84N quantum well. A thin AlGaN layer is used as a barrier for a better carrier confinement. The position and the thickness of the ZnGeN2 layer are parameters used to examine the luminous and electrical behavior as well as the external quantum efficiency of this LED compared to a standard InGaN-based LED emitting at the same wavelength. Inserting a ZnGeN2 layer in a conventional type-I InGaN QW structure yields significant modifications. The strong confinement of holes in the ZnGeN2 layer allows the use of a lower In-content InGaN QW with uniform In content. We demonstrate a significant enhancement of the spontaneous emission and the possibility to reach both a better quantum efficiency and light output when using the type-II structure. The self-consistent 6-band k.p method is used to perform the band structure calculations, which consider the effect of strain, the valence band mixing, and the spontaneous and piezoelectric polarizations
Carrara, Serena. "Towards new efficient nanostructured hybrid materials for ECL applications." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017STRAF016/document.
Full textThis doctoral dissertation aim to develop new hybrid materials for ECL applications. In the field of metal complexes, the electrochemiluminescent properties of new Pt(II) and Ir(III) complexes were investigated as alternative of existing complexes. Passing to nanomaterials, the combination of labels and NCNDs bearing primary or tertiary groups on the surface as alternative co-reactant species resulted an interesting strategy to eliminate the toxic TPrA. In particular, NCNDs in covalently linked system with metal complexes is not only an innocent carrier for ECL active species, but act also as co-reactant in the ECL process, revealing itself an ECL self-enhancing platform. Finally, a real immunoassay for cardiac marker detection has been built with enhanced sensitivity and stability, which is of fundamental importance for biological and bio-medical detection applications. The same technology can be applied to a variety of other analytes opening the venue to other assays
Su, Xiaolu. "Engineering, Synthesis, and Characterization of New Multi-lamellar Liquid Crystalline Molecular Architectures based on Discotic and Calamitic π-Conjugated Mesogens." Thesis, Paris 6, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA066392/document.
Full textDue to their self-healing ability and their self-organization property, pi-conjugated liquid crystals (LCs) are materials of great interest to prepare high performance semiconducting materials. They can be used in different types of organic electronic applications such as solar cells (OPV), Organic Light-Emitting Diodes (OLED) and Organic Field-Effect Transistors (OFET). In this work, we were interested in designing and preparing a novel family of LCs combining π-conjugated discotic and calamitic moieties in a unique molecular architecture. More particularly, we designed three different molecular architectures based on a linear dyad, triad and a branched triad, which include discotic triphenylene or perylene and calamitic terthiophene, benzothienobenzothiophene or pyromellitic moieties. The objective was to study their liquid crystalline behaviors and their self-organization and charge transport properties.Based on our results, we demonstrated that these materials can form complex self-assemblies in the bulk such as multi-lamellar arrangements presenting bilayered lamellar phases with in-layer organization of both calamitic and discotic species. In addition, based on the appropriate choice of the disk- and rod-like π-conjugated cores (p-type or n-type), we showed that this kind of self-organized materials could exhibit ambipolar charge transport properties, presenting a spontaneous nanosegregation of p-type and n-type entities in bulk, and leading to well-defined distinct conductive channels for each type of charge carriers (hole and electron)
Mbyas, Saroukou Mariame Scarlett. "Synthèse et étude de nouvelles molécules potentiellement polymérisables pour la fabrication de matériaux électroluminescents : analogues du 1,3,5 benzènetripyrrole, méthyle 3,5-bipyrrolebenzoate et 6,12-diméthyle-1,5-dipyrrolediazocane." Thèse, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/13695.
Full textLes pyrroles sont une classe de molécules que l'on trouve dans divers produits naturels ainsi que dans la composition chimique de certains médicaments en raison de leurs propriétés biologiques intéressantes. Le Lipitor, la Tolmetin et l'Amtolmetin sont des exemples de médicaments à base de pyrroles 1,2,5 substitués dont les activités biologiques ont été certifiées. Les pyrroles sont aussi utilisés comme précurseurs de polymères, oligomères et dendrimères semi-conducteurs nécessaires à la synthèse de certains matériaux électroluminescents, tels que les diodes organiques électroluminescentes, les transistors à effets de champ et les cellules organiques photovoltaïques. Nous nous sommes intéressés à ces polymères conjugués à base de pyrroles en raison de leurs qualités de bons conducteurs, de leurs propriétés optiques et électrochimiques que leur confère la délocalisation des électrons le long de leurs chaines carbonées. L'objectif général des travaux présentés dans ce mémoire est de synthétiser de nouvelles molécules à base de pyrroles pouvant éventuellement servir de précurseurs à la synthèse de dendrimères conjugués ainsi qu'à la synthèse de molécules thérapeutiques. Une étude de leurs propriétés électroniques et électrochimiques sera effectuée afin de déterminer leur potentiel pour la fabrication de matériaux électroluminescents. Dans un premier temps, la synthèse des analogues du 1,3,5-benzènetripyrrole a été faite en trois étapes à partir du 1,3,5-benzènetricarboxylate de triméthyle. Celui-ci a été converti en premier lieu en 1,3,5-benzènetricétone-γ,δ-insaturée lors d'une réaction de Grignard catalysée par le cyanure de cuivre. Ce dernier composé fut oxydé lors de la seconde étape en 1,3,5-tri-(4-oxopentanoyl)benzène selon un protocole modifié de la réaction de Tsuji-Wacker. Enfin, la réaction de condensation de Paal-Knorr du 1,3,5-tri-(4-oxopentanoyl)benzène de l'étape précédente mène au 1,3,5-benzènetripyrrole N-substitué selon l'amine utilisée pour la condensation, avec des rendements entre 44 et 60%. La réaction incomplète du bromure de vinylmagnésium avec le 1,3,5-benzènetricarboxylate de triméthyle mène au méthyl-3,5-di-(pent-4-énoyl)benzoate, qui a été converti en méthyl-3,5-dipyrrolylbenzoate suite à la réaction de Tsuji-Wacker et de Paal-Knorr avec des rendements entre 30 et 60%. L'étude des propriétés photochimiques et électrochimiques des tripyrroles et des bipyrroles a été faite en collaboration avec le groupe de recherche du professeur William Skene. Les résultats obtenus démontrèrent que ces pyrroles auraient un potentiel pour la synthèse de dendrimères conjugués servant à la fabrication de matériaux électroluminescents. Suite à ces résultats encourageants, la synthèse du 6,12-diméthyle-1,5-dipyrrolediazocane a aussi été réalisée. Celui-ci a été synthétisé à partir de l’ester méthylique de l’acide 3-tert-butoxycarbonylaminopropionique qui a été converti en sa cétone homoallylique correspondante, puis oxydée en N-Boc-3,6-dioxoheptylcarbamate. La condensation de Paal-Knorr de ce dernier composé avec le sel d'hydrochlorure 7-aminoheptane-2,5-dione mène au 6,12-diméthyle-1,5-dipyrrolediazocane avec un rendement de 17%. En somme, la recherche effectuée a permis la synthèse et la caractérisation de six nouvelles molécules ayant des propriétés photochimiques et électrochimiques intéressantes pour la synthèse de polymères et dendrimères conjugués. Ainsi que la synthèse d'un diazacycle, qui de part sa structure pourrait servir de précurseur à la synthèse de molécules thérapeutiques.
Dufresne, Stéphane. "Synthèse de nouveaux matériaux conducteurs comportant des unités aromatiques conjuguées et analyse de leurs propriétés physico-chimiques." Thèse, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/5193.
Full textConjugated materials have received much attention recently as they show promise for industrial applications. These materials are interesting because of the many new possibilities for devices combining unique optical, electrical and mechanical properties. The synthesis is the major difficulty in the fabrication of electronic devices. Usual methods to do so are electropolymerisation, Suzuki or Wittig coupling. Those techniques are full of constraints and are difficult to scale-up. Thiophenes, pyrroles and furans demonstrated good conductibility and low band-gap due to increased conjugation. Our main goal is to synthesize oligomers made principally of thiophene to characterize their spectroscopic, electrochemical and conduction properties. Synthesis is the most important step in the making of conjugated material. A synthetically simple and modular route to novel conjugated material consisting of heterocyclic units is presented. These complementary modules are linked by condensing aldehydes and amines leading to robust azomethine bonds. The resulting photophysical and electrochemical properties of these conjugated materials will be presented. Through the use of different electron donor and acceptor groups, degree of conjugation or by using different heterocycles, the spectroscopic, electrochemical and band-gap properties can be tailored leading to materials with tunable properties. Those new molecules will be analysed to detect properties suitable for OLED fabrication. This presentation will also address the electrochemical reversible oxidation and polymerization of these compounds leading to the making of simple devices.
Brunner, Pierre-Louis Marc. "Dispositifs optoélectroniques à base de semi-conducteurs organiques en couches minces." Thèse, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/16002.
Full textVignau, Laurence. "Vers des composants électroniques organiques de grande surface et flexibles." Habilitation à diriger des recherches, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01005159.
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