Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Matériaux mésoporeux – Effets de la température sur'
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Rat-Valdambrini, Micha. "Stabilité thermique et propriétés caralytiques des matériaux mésostructurés hybrides." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/20781.
Full textJean-St-Laurent, Mathilde. "Effets des cycles extrêmes de température sur le comportement des matériaux composites." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/26398.
Full textThis master dissertation presents the effect of extreme temperature cycles on composite materials of carbon fiber and cyanate-ester resin made of five harness woven fabrics. Three laminates and one sandwich plate were studied. The evaluation of damage present in the laminates showed two different types of damage: vertical microcracks and debonding between the fibers and the matrix. Debonding is only visible on the edges of the laminates. As for the microcracks, they are present both on the edges and inside of the laminates, but in greater quantity on the edges. The damage inside the sandwich plate is present under two forms: vertical microcracks and delamination due to the presence of the adhesive. The effect of thermal cycling on the degradation of the mechanical properties of the laminates was also studied. The mechanical tests performed showed that properties influenced by the matrix behavior were altered by the presence of microcracks.
Dardié, Jason. "Étude des effets des rayonnements sur les matériaux et systèmes électroniques." Thesis, Montpellier, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020MONTS001.
Full textTMI-Orion, a company specialising in systems for acquiring physical parameters (pressure, temperature, humidity, etc.) for harsh environments, wishes to diversify, particularly in the civilian nuclear markets or the new space. These two markets are subject to strong radiative stress. The company, which is at the origin of the thesis, wishes to develop its skills with regard to radiative stress in order to be able to propose applications in these sectors. This thesis was therefore conducted with the main objective of providing as much information as possible on radiative stress to TMI-Orion. We have therefore identified four areas of work to address this issue.In the context of this thesis, we began by describing the radiative environments encountered in the space and civilian nuclear fields. Then the mechanisms of radiation-matter interaction were defined. Finally, the effects of radiation on electronics have been given.The second area of work consists of a study of the degradation mechanisms of elementary electronic components (MOS and bipolar transistors) as a function of the temperature to which they are subjected during irradiation. The effect of low (up to 100 K) and high (up to 400 K) irradiation temperatures on the degradation of elementary components was studied. During this study we were also able to compare the degradation obtained between a cobalt-60 irradiation and an X-ray irradiation.The third area of work consists of a simulation study on shielding against radiative stress. As part of this work, we have developed two calculation codes on GEANT4. The first one allows to study the dose deposited by a cobalt-60 source for different shielding conditions. The second one allows to model the X-ray generator of the IES laboratory and gives its energy spectrum. The effect of different filters on the spectrum is also studied.The last axis of this thesis work consists of a complete reliability study on autonomous data loggers developed by TMI-Orion. One particular recorder, the PicoVACQ, is used as an example. The reliability of this recorder was calculated by an analytical method, studied using the feedback available within the company, measured against thermal stress and measured against radiative stress. Finally, the search for a microcontroller, a central component of a radiation-tolerant data acquisition system, was carried out. One microcontroller in particular appears to have good resistance to dose effect and will probably be used by the company in its future projects
Guillemot, Ludivine. "Systèmes hétérogènes lyophobes : Influence de la température et de la vitesse sur les cycles d’intrusion/extrusion forcées de liquides non-mouillants dans des matériaux mésoporeux." Phd thesis, Lyon, INSA, 2010. http://theses.insa-lyon.fr/publication/2010ISAL0126/these.pdf.
Full textA lyophobic heterogeneous system consists in a mesoporous material and a non-wetting liquid. The liquid can not enter the pores at atmospheric pressure, but by increasing the pressure, it becomes possible to force the liquid to penetrate, then by reducing the pressure, to go out of the pores of the material. Then, a pressure hysteresis is measured, significant of an energy dissipation that can be used for very specific damping applications for space industry. This study tries to understand the physical phenomena that regulate the process of intrusion and extrusion of the liquid in the pores of nanometer size, and to characterize the effects of velocity and temperature on the hysteresis loops. An original test device was designed to perform cycles of intrusion / extrusion at different temperatures (20 - 80 ° C) and speeds (0. 5 - 1000cm/min). Several liquids such as water, salt water and Galinstan (liquid metal alloy at room temperature) and materials of different mesoporous structure of were tested. Macroscopic thermodynamic theories (theory of capillarity and model of nucleation) have been used to explain the experimental measurements. The agreement experiment / theory is very good and has led to show the necessity of taking into account the line tension in the energy of nucleation. A value of this line tension has been determined experimentally. Thus, it is now possible to predict the behavior of these damping systems
Mailly, Sandrine. "Effets de la température et de l'environnement sur la résistance à la fatigue d'alliages de titane." Poitiers, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999POIT2262.
Full textPei, Yan. "Effets du chauffage sur les matériaux cimentaires - impact du « self-healing » sur les propriétés de transfert." Thesis, Ecole centrale de Lille, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016ECLI0016/document.
Full textThis experimental work focused on the degradation of two cementitious materials, mortar (for most tests) and a concrete following an intense heating to 600 ° C and 700 ° C sometimes. The idea that underpinned the study was to "measure" this degradation via the transport properties : gas permeability and porosity to gas under confining stress and some poro-mechanical properties. To carry out this work, several experimental techniques have been developed or improved. This is particularly the porosity measurement gas under a confining stress. The use of a neutral gas is used to fill the voids in the material and connected to calculate its porosity. Rehydration with demineralized water has a considerable effect on the highly heated material because it restores much of the porosity which regains its initial level or sometimes a value less than one. Logically the "self-healing" also restores much of the permeability which does not recover its original level
Guillemot, Ludivine. "Systèmes Hétérogènes Lyophobes: Influence de la température et de la vitesse sur les cycles d'intrusion/extrusion forcées de liquides non mouillants dans des matériaux mésoporeux." Phd thesis, INSA de Lyon, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00696340.
Full textCarbou, Christophe. "Interactions fatigue-fluage sur le comportement en fissuration à haute température des superalliages pour disques de turbine. Effets d'oxydation." Poitiers, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000POIT2313.
Full textChoinska, Marta. "Effets de la température, du chargement mécanique et de leurs interactions sur la perméabilité du béton de structure." Phd thesis, Ecole centrale de nantes - ECN, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00334143.
Full textLes mesures de la perméabilité au gaz sont effectuées sur des éprouvettes cylindriques en béton soumises à des températures allant jusqu'à 150 °C et à une compression uniaxiale jusqu'à la rupture. Les résultats expérimentaux révèlent que les effets de la température et de l'endommagement peuvent être découplés pour l'estimation de l'évolution de la perméabilité. Ils nous ont permis de proposer une relation reliant la perméabilité à l'endommagement et à la température. Cependant, cette relation ne peut s'appliquer que dans le domaine pré-pic du comportement du béton où le béton demeure microfissuré. Afin de dépasser cette limite pour pouvoir modéliser également l'accroissement de la perméabilité en phase post-pic, un autre paramètre, qui est l'ouverture de fissure, est intégré dans la relation entre la perméabilité et l'endommagement.
Cette problématique, faisant l'objet d'une modélisation, est exploitée selon deux approches. La première se base sur la définition d'une loi de raccordement entre les lois existantes d'évolution de la perméabilité avec l'endommagement et l'ouverture de fissure. Avec cette approche les tendances observées expérimentalement sont retrouvées. La deuxième approche consiste à relier d'un point de vue mécanique l'endommagement avec l'ouverture de fissure puis d'appliquer la loi de Poiseuille pour déterminer la perméabilité. La validation expérimentale de cette approche, permettant de déboucher vers un modèle continu capable de reproduire les variations de perméabilité d'une structure, constitue une des perspectives de notre travail.
Marchand, Benoît. "Effets de la température et de l'irradiation sur la mobilité du xénon dans UO$_2$ : étude profilométrique et microstructurale." Phd thesis, Université Claude Bernard - Lyon I, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00830100.
Full textLetertre, Thibaut. "Etude des comportements électromagnétiques des matériaux en fonction de la température pour modéliser l'impact des échauffements générés par les frottements de l'air sur un aéronef lors d'un vol à vitesse élevée." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019AIXM0388.
Full textIn the field of aeronautics, the temperature-dependent variation of electromagnetic characteristics in the spectral range of radar frequencies of certain materials can generate significant problems such as changes in the operation of radar antennas or changes in the aircraft's radar signature, which can lead to a significant deterioration in the nominal stealth levels of weapon aircraft. Indeed, the materials used in the design of aircraft that are discreet with respect to electromagnetic waves are often subjected to heating due to friction with the air during high-speed flights (for example, for the leading edges of wings) and to heating due to the proximity of direct heat sources such as reaction engine nozzles or exhaust outlets. The main objectives of this project are to design a broadband system for the electromagnetic characterization of materials as a function of temperature and to propose electromagnetic models for certain materials, including the parameter of interest, temperature. Beyond this research work of this thesis, the results will be transposable to other cases either at moderate temperatures such as biological temperatures to follow processes of evolution of permittivities of certain tissues according to a local temperature variation or at higher temperatures as for RFiD monitoring of devices subjected to high temperatures
Iacono, Johnathan. "Etude de l'interaction entre un matériau haute température et un plasma de CO2 pour la simulation de la rentrée sur Mars." Perpignan, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PERP1254.
Full textDrouet, Emeline. "Impact de la température sur la carbonatation des matériaux cimentaires : prise en compte des transferts hydriques." Phd thesis, École normale supérieure de Cachan - ENS Cachan, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00618092.
Full textElsafi, Bassem. "Etude de l’effet de la température sur les courants induits des matériaux isolants soumis à l’irradiation électronique dans un microscope électronique à balayage." Thesis, Reims, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013REIMS010.
Full textThe charging phenomena of insulators have been studied using a SEM (Scanning Electron Microscope). The temperature effect on these phenomena was also discussed. The study will cover, in particular, the measurement of the induced currents under electron irradiation (conduction current and displacement current) and determining the secondary electron emission yield. Our work is focused primarily on silica glass samples. We have shown that increasing of the temperature decreases the capacity of the glass. The results are explained by the increase in conductivity activated by temperature, which tends to reduce the formation of the negative space charge due to the increased mobility of charge carriers. This explanation is confirmed by an increase in the conduction current measured on the glass as a function of temperature.The second part of this work was devoted to the study of the temperature effect on the behavior of polyethylene terephthalate (PET) irradiated with electrons. We have shown that temperature plays an important role in the high retention of accumulated charge due to a rapid trapping phenomenon that occurs in the bulk sample in the case of the charges relaxation. Our results indicate that the "flashover" phenomenon occurs both in bulk and to the surface of sample. The secondary electron emission of the polymer becomes less weak with increasing temperature
Lion, Maxime. "Influence de la température sur le comportement poromécanique ou hydraulique d'une roche carbonatée et d'un mortier : études expérimentales." Lille 1, 2004. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/LIBRE/Th_Num/2004/50376-2004-61-62.pdf.
Full textWardeh, George. "Les phénomènes de gel-dégel dans les matériaux à base de terre cuite et les conséquences sur leur durabilité : expériences et modélisation." Toulouse 3, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005TOU30200.
Full textCadieu, Lucien. "Effets de chargements thermocinétiques sur le comportement mécanique d'un composite stratifié à résine thermoplastique." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019BORD0327.
Full textThis thesis presents the effects of thermo-mechanical loadings on the mechanical response of a new thermoplastic based composite laminate material. Indentation/low velocity impact tests lead at different velocities and temperatures allow to study the mechanical response of the composite structure. These loadings are representative of the different loadings a composite laminate structure might encounter during its service life (impacts during transport or maintenance like a dropped tool). The mechanical answer of the composite structure is studied (maximum load, stiffness, absorbed energy, dissipated energy...). The induced damage mechanisms are studied from the microscale to the macroscale with the help of a scanning electron microscope and an more regular optical microscope. The effects of thermo-mechanical loadings on the damage mechanisms in the laminate are observed and discussed.Indentation and impact loading conditions are known to induce a particular damage mechanism : inter-laminar fracture also known as delamination. Considered to be one of the most critical damage mechanism for composite laminates, delamination is governed by a material parameter called the energy release rate. The estimation of this parameter is still subject to debate nowadays. This energy release rate is generally studied with double cantilever beam (DCB) tests. An experimental DCB campaign was lead with tests done at different opening speeds and temperatures to study the thermo-mechanical loading effects on the rupture behavior of the laminate. The relevance of the DCB tests at higher opening rates is questioned in this thesis. Results from the literature show that the studied «material » parameter is dependent to the sample geometry for DCB tests. A multi-delamination phenomenon in the laminate rendering is highlighted and complexifies the estimation of created fracture surface. This makes the estimation of the energy release rate very difficult
Le, Hong Thai. "Effets de l’oxygène et de l’hydrogène sur la microstructure et le comportement mécanique d’alliages de zirconium après incursion à haute température." Thesis, Université Paris sciences et lettres, 2020. https://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-02887252.
Full textDuring hypothetical LOss-of-Coolant-Accident (LOCA) scenarios in pressurized water reactors, zirconium-based fuel claddings can be exposed to high temperatures (up to 1200°C) and, under certain conditions, absorb locally a significant amount of hydrogen (up to 3000 wppm) and of oxygen (up to 1 wt.%). This work aims to study the isolated and combined effects, which have been little investigated hitherto, of oxygen and hydrogen in high contents, on the metallurgical evolutions and the mechanical behavior of two industrial zirconium alloys (Zircaloy-4 and M5Framatome) during and after cooling/quenching from the βZr temperature domain (> 700°C). The first part of this work consisted of producing “model” materials, from cladding tube sections and plates, homogenously charged with oxygen, up to 1 wt.%, and with hydrogen, up to 7000 wppm. The phase transformations occurring on cooling from the βZr domain in the materials charged with hydrogen and the changes in chemical composition and lattice parameters of the phases were then quantified using several techniques such as calorimetry, in situ neutron diffraction during cooling from 700°C, neutron and X-ray diffraction at room temperature, electron microprobe, μ-ERDA and EBSD. The experimental results were compared with thermodynamic predictions, taking into account all of the chemical elements in the materials. In addition to the stable phases expected at equilibrium, the presence of metastable phases such as γZrH hydrides, and βZr phase enriched in H and Nb in the case of M5Framatome, as well as of a significant amount of hydrogen remaining in solid solution within the αZr, was pointed out at room temperature at the end of cooling. The mechanical properties of the (prior-)βZr phase were characterized by performing uniaxial tensile tests at temperature between 700 and 30°C on cooling from the βZr domain, on materials charged with hydrogen and/or oxygen. The results showed that the mechanical behavior and the failure mode strongly depend on the testing temperature and on the hydrogen and oxygen contents. Empirical correlations and a phenomenological model have been proposed to describe the macroscopic ductile-brittle transition temperature, the evolutions of the mechanical characteristics and the plastic behavior of the material (in the case of ductile macroscopic failure), as a function of temperature and contents of oxygen and hydrogen. Observation of the fracture surfaces, μ-ERDA and electron microprobe analyses and a tensile test performed in situ under SEM highlighted the heterogeneity of the deformation and the failure mode at the local scale, due to the effects of the partitioning of chemical elements, especially of hydrogen and oxygen, during the phase transformations
Le, Graverend Jean-Briac. "Etude et modélisation des effets d'incursion à très haute température sur le comportement mécanique d'un superalliage monocristallin pour aubes de turbine." Phd thesis, ISAE-ENSMA Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Mécanique et d'Aérotechique - Poitiers, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00834830.
Full textFederico, Carlos. "Effets couplés de la température et de la vitesse de déformation sur le comportement mécanique non-linéaire des polymères amorphes : Caractérisation expérimentale et modélisation de la superposition vitesse de déformation-température." Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PSLEM009/document.
Full textThe present PhD thesis proposes a simplified and accurate strategy for characterising and modelling the mechanical behaviour of amorphous polymers from the quasi-fluid state up to the solid state.The study was carried out on PMMAs with different molar masses and crosslinking degree.First, we addressed the mechanical behaviour in the linear viscoelastic domain using DMTA and rheological tests. Results showed that increasing the molar mas and crosslinking degree increased the elastic and loss moduli as the α-transition. In parallel, using the time-temperature superposition principle allowed determining “equivalent strain rates at reference temperature”.Then, we performed uniaxial tensile and shear uploading-unloading tests at high temperature and coupled with DIC, to characterise the mechanical behaviour at large strain. Additionally, strain rate and temperature effects were coupled by means of the “equivalent strain rate at reference temperature” extracted from observations in the linear domain. Results showed that targeting the same equivalent strain rate lead to the same stress-strain curves, i.e. same mechanical response. This allows reducing the number of experimental tests needed to characterise the mechanical behaviour of amorphous polymers.Finally, a constitutive modelling based in a thermodynamics framework, was used to reproduce the mechanical response of the PMMAs at large deformation. The model presented a good agreement with the experimental data, being able to reproduce viscoelastoplastic, viscoelastic, hyperelastic and viscohyperelastic behaviours for cyclic loading tensile
Chen, Cheng. "Contribution à la prise en compte des effets de l’environnement sur la tolérance aux dommages d'impact de stratifiés composites." Thesis, Toulouse, ISAE, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015ESAE0004/document.
Full textThe extensive application of composite laminates in aeronautical industries demands a thorough understanding of their mechanical behaviours and damage. The prediction of impact behaviour, impact damage and the associated mechanisms under complex environmental effects remain still an open issue. The effects of various humid ageing conditions (No ageing, 65% relative humidity and 90% relative humidity ageing) and environ mental temperatures (room temperature and 80°C) on the intra-Iaminar and inter-Iaminar properties are characterized. A particular emphasis is laid on the study of different non linear behaviours of in plane shear. A progressive damage model based on continuum damage mechanics is proposed to describe intra laminar mechanical behaviour by taking into account the identified in-plane shear nonlinear phenomenon. This model is then applied in numerical simulation on low velocity impact combined with cohesive law in interface to predict the impact response and associated damage (ie. Fibre failure, matrix cracks and delaminations). The damage model is implemented in LS Dyna as user defined material laws.lmpact tests on laminate coupons with different stratifications are performed to validate the numerical simulation. Good agreement is achieved especially for nonaged material under room temperature between numerical and experimental results in terms of contact force history, platedeflection and impact duration. By means of non-destructive inspection, the impact damage is coherent with predicted results concerning fiber damage location, matrix cracks especially the through thickness delamination
Portebois, Léo. "Développement de matériaux réfractaires pour applications turbines aéronautiques : étude des effets microstructuraux sur le comportement en oxydation des alliages composites Nbss-Nb5Si3 et optimisation des solutions de protection associées." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LORR0153/document.
Full textProgress in the field of gas-Turbine engines for aircrafts is controlled by the availability of new structural materials able to withstand higher temperatures than nickel based superalloys. The present PhD work was conducted in this context, within the framework of the European FP7-HYSOP project, in which Nbss-Nb5Si3 alloys are studied. From a mechanical point of view, the physicochemical properties (room temperature fracture toughness and creep rate) are compatible with the targeted temperature (1300°C). However, starting from the intermediate temperatures (800°C), the oxidation resistance of those alloys is the major obstacle to their use. In this work, two ways are investigated to improve this behavior: The first one aims at studying the effect of a refinement of microstructure synthesizing the Nbss-Nb5Si3 alloy both by fusion method and powder metallurgy route. It was shown that refining the microstructure led to decrease the oxidation kinetics at 1100°C and suppressed the catastrophic breakaway oxidation (pesting) typical of the Nb-Si alloys with coarse microstructure at 815°C. Furthermore, diffusion models were proposed to describe oxidation kinetics both at 815°C and 1100°C. The second part of this study is devoted to the development of silica forming protective coatings. Diffusion silicide coatings were manufactured by the halide activated pack-Cementation method. The various conditions of oxidation/corrosion tests (isothermal or cyclic, in air, air containing water vapor, CMAS silicate melt) allowed assessing and ranking the performance of coated systems
Silbermann, Gwennaëlle. "Effets de la température et de l'irradiation sur le comportement du 14C et de son précurseur 14N dans le graphite nucléaire. Etude de la décontamination thermique du graphite en présence de vapeur d'eau." Phd thesis, Université Claude Bernard - Lyon I, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00954466.
Full textPoncet, Mélissa. "Effet de l'incorporation de systèmes hybrides sur les propriétés mécaniques de matériaux composites à matrice époxyvinylester et polyester insaturé." Thesis, Paris, ENMP, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013ENMP0025/document.
Full textThis thesis focuses on the development of a thermosetting matrix composite incorporating nanoscale reinforcements and/or an elatomeric phase to improve its stiffness, damping and resilience.To do so, we made formulations based on epoxy vinyl ester matrices, filled or not by an elastomeric phase, and reinforced with montmorillonite or sepiolite. Their viscoelastic properties were studied usingexperimental modal analysis and their impact properties were investigated using drop weight impacttesting. The microstructure of these composites was examined using X-ray diffraction and electronmicroscopy observations.Homogenization models based on H ALPIN -T SAI model and adapted to the studied composites were developed to provide a tool able to explicitly link the stiffness of the material to its morphology.A detailed parametric analysis allowed to determine the most influential morphological characteristics and to assess the efficiency of the process regarding the mechanical stiffening obtained.Experimentally, the incorporation of montmorillonite or sepiolite led to a significant increase in the elastic modulus and, with the presence of an elastomeric phase in the resin, the damping was doubled and the resilience was increased.Finally, the most efficient formulations were used to manufacture glass fibers reinforced composites.The improvement in mechanical properties was found, to a lesser extent, for the manufactured prototypes.The relevance of the use of these materials on an industrial scale was evaluated
Sasaki, Layla. "Influence du vieillissement sur la résistance à la fissuration par fatigue à haute température d'alliages de titane pour mâts-réacteurs." Thesis, Chasseneuil-du-Poitou, Ecole nationale supérieure de mécanique et d'aérotechnique, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018ESMA0006/document.
Full textThe conception of more efficient aircraft engines induces increased stress and temperature levels on the titanium alloys constitutive of the engine pylon. On the one hand, these materials have to be qualified in terms of damage tolerance. On the other hand, the long term high temperature exposure of these titanium alloys gives also rise to the question of thermal aging and metallurgical stability. Hence, the dimensioning as well as the maintenance of such aerostructures need to be considered in the light of both these critical issues.In the present work, the cyclic behavior as well as the fatigue crack resistance of different titanium alloys (TA6V, Ti 6242 et Ti 17), with various microstructures were studied after different aging conditions. Aging induces mainly an increase in crack growth rates at high values of the stress intensity factor, at room temperature. Subsequently, a thorough characterization procedure of this phenomenon was undertaken,including various types of loadings, at different scales and associated with fractographic analyses. The results allowed to suggest a damage scenario before and after aging, in the case of the alloy most affected by aging: theTi 17 alloy. This scenario shows the occurrence of a « static » mode of failure, which is linked to a damage process associated with intralamellar fracture and decohesion, without noticeable changes in the cyclic behavior. Finally, a time-temperature equivalency approach was developed to describe the kinetics of degradation of the mechanical properties induced by aging
Brossard, Maxime. "Influence de l'eau (vapeur, liquide) et du régime d'oxydation sur la dégradation de revêtements alumino-formeurs sur superalliage à base nickel." Thesis, La Rochelle, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LAROS018/document.
Full textUpon service, aero-turbine blades (nickel-based superalloys) are submitted to high temperature degradation that may alter their structural properties. The oxidizing atmospheres are particularly complex (O2, H2O, CO2, SO2, NOx…) with variable water vapour contents as function of the engine regime and the atmospheric conditions (clouds, rain, relative humidity of air). These substrate materials are protected by alumina-forming coatings to improve their oxidation resistance, while additional thermal barrier coatings insulate the hottest parts. This PhD project aims at studying the effect of water (vapour, liquid) on the degradation of conventional and new coatings (Al slurry, electrodeposited CeO2) developed at the LaSIE laboratory under different oxidation regimes (isothermal and cyclic). An approximation to service conditions was proposed through an original methodology in which several oxidation and post-ageing conditions for different oxidation ranges (hot, upon cooling, at room temperature) were performed. The experiments showed little effect of water vapour mixed with air at 1100°C in isothermal conditions, in particular when the alumina scale grew over the surface. In contrast, water-containing environments at room temperature (relative humidity, water drops) increased the spallation of the oxide scales above a critical threshold time. Cyclic oxidation with water cooling provoked in turn, a catastrophic failure of the aluminide coatings by a mechanism involving thermal fatigue and pitting corrosion
Ruggi, David. "Mise en œuvre de poudres de polyamides : Influence des conditions de transformation sur la microstructure et les propriétés. Application à la fabrication additive par fusion laser." Thesis, Lyon, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LYSEI057.
Full textSelective Laser Sintering, also called Powder Bed Fusion, is an additive manufacturing process that transforms a polymer powder layer-by-layer by melting with a laser beam scanning specific areas of each layer. The stages of transformation of a semi-crystalline polymer by laser fusion are: the flow of the powder at high temperature, the melting-coalescence of the particles, the resorption of the porosities and the solidification by crystallization during cooling. The most important parameters are the power of the laser and the temperature field in the manufacturing tank. The material undergoes high temperatures and thermal variations whose kinetics are still poorly known. The cohesion of the successive layers and the microstructure of the manufactured object (porosity, crystallinity) depend on these complex thermal conditions. The relationships between microstructure, final properties and thermal history of the material are not fully understood. In this work, two powders of polyamides (PA 6 and PA 12) are studied. First, the physical processes described above are analyzed under laboratory conditions with a controlled thermal history. This makes it possible to better understand and to model the role of the intrinsic properties of the polymer in the physicochemical phenomena involved in its transformation at different scales. This study gives access to the time scales of these mechanisms, as a function of temperature, and to the resulting microstructures. Then, parts are produced by two methods of powder melting, one in the laboratory on a hot plate, the other in an industrial SLS machine. Knowledge of the characteristic times of coalescence, evolution of porosities and crystallization enables to explain the microstructure and the mechanical properties of the objects in relation to their production method and the associated thermal history. This analysis sheds new light on the development of microstructures of polyamides transformed by laser fusion and the resulting properties
Pibaleau, Baptiste. "Elaboration et caractérisation d'électrodes VACNT/MnO2 pour application aux supercondensateurs hybrides." Thesis, Tours, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018TOUR4034/document.
Full textThis thesis was focused on the development, optimization and study of composite electrodes of vertically aligned carbon nanotubes (VACNT) on an aluminum collector and modified with manganese oxide (MnO₂).VACNT were synthesized by a CVD process at low temperature (580° C) directly on the collector. Perfectly aligned CNT forest with a thickness of 20 to 80 μm were obtained with high densities of 10¹¹ NTC.cm² and whose catalyst (Fe) content is less than 1%. Their modification with MnO₂ increase their electrochemical storage capacity. In order to achiew optimal coating of VACNT by MnO₂, different precursors of the oxide and various methods ( electrochemical, chemical, CVD) were used and optimized. Composites were studied as electrode material for the realization of asymmetric supercapacitors in aqueous media. In addition, structurals, morphologicals and electrochemicals analyzes carried out on the different materials allowed a better understanding of the role of the elaboration's conditions on the properties of the VACNT/MnO₂ composites obtained