Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Matériaux poreux – Stabilité'
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Sahli, Ali. "Une analyse de la stabilité de l'ébullition en milieux poreux." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001INPL584N.
Full textVandenbussche, Cédric. "Stabilité des strucutres en géotechnique : approche micro-macro et charges limites." Chambéry, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006CHAMS042.
Full textThis thesis consists on a study of the influence of the porosity on the plastic behavior of porous soil materials and on the presence of angular points on the layout those criterions. The studied material, rigid perfectly plastic, present cylindrical or spherical cavities randomly. It will be called in the continuation "porous Coulomb", the matrix answering the criterion of Coulomb. We will adopt to study it the model suggested by Gurson, As had done it Gurson in its work of '77, we will use the two approach of limit analysis to deduce the criterion from it from plasticity of studied material. The equivalence between real and homogenized material is obtained by the method of the averages according to the technique of type Kerner, Hashin-Rosen or Hashin in elasticity. For each approaches, the resulting problem of optimization is nonlinear. Several methods are exposed. Traditional technique of linearization, Piece- Wiese Linearization, and that proposed recently by Ben-Tal and Nemirovski lead both to a problem of linear optimization. Recently still appeared codes of conical optimization of the second order such Mosek. A great part of this thesis thus consisted in putting the limiting analysis problems relating to material of Coulomb in the form of conical optimization, in plane strain, in generalized plane strain, and in symmetry of revolution. The applications consist in determining the criterion of plasticity of material of "porous Coulomb" in the case of cylindrical or spherical cavities. The results obtained are finally compared with various analytical criteria such as Drucker-Prager, Cam Clay and Jeong and Pan
Girard, Stéphanie. "Simulation numérique de matériaux microporeux : structure, stabilité, design et prédiction." Versailles-St Quentin en Yvelines, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001VERS012V.
Full textThis dissertation deals with the possible contributions of some simulation techniques to the study of microporous materials. After a short introductory chapter, the second bibliographic chapter presents the evolution of the syntheses and structures of open-framework materials from the first zeolites to the very large pore compounds synthesized nowadays. It also briefly gives a few examples of their applications. The third bibliographic chapter presents some among the most important methods employed in simulation. The two main axes, which are described here, are the quantum mechanical methods on the one hand and the forcefield methods on the other hand. Some specific applications of these methods are also given. The fourth chapter presents the settings of a new method which aims at predicting the calcined form of a aluminophosphate, using energy minimizations and starting from the knowledge of its as-synthesized structure. After a bief description of the method itself, it is validated on three different compounds before being applied on other aluminophosphates. The fifth chapter presents the development of a forcefield devoted to the sutdy of fluorinated gallophosphates, by empirical fitting against the structure and properties of GaPO4-quartz and Ga-KTP. Besides, the transferability of the forcefield is tested through the optimization of gallosilicates and zeotype gallophosphates. The sixth chapter presents the study of the structures and energetics of a series of as-synthesized tridimensional gallophosphates upon calcination using the simulation approach and the forcefield presented in the last two chapters. Finally, in the last part, we use a numerical simulation method, the AASBU method, which was recently developed at the Institut Lavoisier, in order to predict new inorganic architectures. After a bief review of the so-far existing methods, the AASBU method is presented in details. Then we present our results concerning topological studies at first and subsequently the search of new zeolitic topologies
Haffner, Benjamin. "Stabilité des suspensions fortement aérées." Thesis, Paris Est, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PEST1095/document.
Full textWe study the drainage of granular suspensions foams. Our control parameters are the gas fraction, the bubble size, the particles size and the interstitial particle fraction. First, we measure the proportion of liquid and particles retained in the foam network as function of the above mentioned parameters. These measurements are performed when the drainage is over, they are essential for the description of drainage velocity. We show that certain combinations of our study parameters lead to the jamming of the three-phase system : gas, liquid, solid. Secondly, we highlight different regimes of drainage velocity, we show that is controlled by two parameters : (i) lambda, the ratio of the particle size and constriction size, (ii) the fraction of particles in the interstitial network : phi. The key to understand these regimes is the trapping of particles in the foam : (i) the jamming, which may occur for surprisingly low fractions due to the geometry of the pore network, (ii) the particles captured by the foam network when they become larger than the constrictions network. Finally, larger particles excluded from the network increase the drainage velocity, as a consequence the minimum for the velocity corresponds to the individual capture. The granular fraction of the suspension in the foam network is the other key parameter. Especially, the drainage can be stopped for sufficiently high fractions for certain values of lambda. This work offers promising outlook for the stability of three-phase materials
Naderi, Pooya. "Études numérique et analytique des instabilités dues à la convection mixte d'un fluide viscoélastique saturant une couche poreuse chauffée par le bas." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Amiens, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019AMIE0063.
Full textThe goal of this thesis is to study theoretically and numerically the instabilities likely to develop in a horizontally open porous mass, subjected simultaneously to a vertical temperature gradient and to a horizontal filtration flow. As it is an open environment, the linear stability theory must distinguish between the regime of parameters where the instability is of either convective or absolute nature. When the instability is convective, it can develop and amplify spatially, but ends up leaving the porous mass and the state of conduction is found. On the other hand, when the system is in a regime of absolute instability, the wave packet, generated following a spatially localized pulse, propagates both in the direction of flow and in the opposite direction. It follows a global instability whose characteristics should be defined according to the parameters of the problem. The latter are, in addition to the Rayleigh number, the Péclet number (Pe) which measures the intensity of the imposed flow, the relaxation time ( ) which measures the degree of elasticity of the fluid and the ratio Γ between the viscosity of the solvent and the total viscosity of the solution which integrates the presence of polymers. Two linear stability approaches, one temporal and the other spatio-temporal, made it possible to show rigorously that among the unstable modes, the most amplified mode corresponds to progressive waves propagating in the direction of flow. For this mode, we have determined and discussed the influence of the parameters Pe, ( ) and Γ on the birth of the two types of instabilities. The dependence of the oscillation frequency of this mode as well as its wave number with respect to the parameters of the problem has been determined in the region where the absolute instability is fully developed for both dilute and concentrated solutions in polymers. Then two-dimensional direct numerical simulations of this problem based on the finite difference method were conducted. The numerical results show that, although the system is unstable, the solution observed in the convectively unstable regime is that of conduction. On the other hand, when the system becomes absolutely unstable, a global mode is established, formed by convective structures fully developed and oscillating with a well-defined frequency, in the part of the porous mass close to the exit. These convective structures are connected by a front to the conduction state in the portion of the porous mass near the inlet. The comparison between the theory of absolute instability and the numerical results shows a very good capacity of this theory to predict the oscillation frequency of this global mode and the Rayleigh number necessary for its appearance. Scale laws are found for the intensity of these convective motions and the position of the observed front line between conduction and convection. Heat transfers were determined and discussed according to the parameters of the problem
Chahtour, Cyrine. "Convection magnétohydrodynamique dans un fluide non-newtonien saturant un milieu poreux." Thesis, Amiens, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018AMIE0029/document.
Full textThe work of the thesis is devoted to an analytical and numerical study of thermal instability in a horizontal porous cavity saturated by a non-Newtonian fluid. An external magnetic field, uniform and constant is applied parallel to the gravity. In this study, we considered two types of boundary conditions at the active walls of the cavity, the thermal boundary conditions of Neumann type and Dirichlet type. In addition, a rheological model of the power law type was used to model the non-Newtonian behavior of the fluid. We solved the complete nonlinear equations using two numerical codes, one based on the finite difference method and the other on the finite volume method. In addition, an analytical solution, based on the parallel flow approximation, has been developed in the case of thin cavities (A >> 1) subjected to a constant heat flow. We used linear stability analysis to predict the onset of convective motion. The results obtained showed that the presence of the magnetic field modifies the results of previous work concerning Newtonian and non-Newtonian fluids of the power law type. Moreover, we also show that in the limit of very strong magnetic field, the dissipation of energy by Joule effect dominates the dissipation of energy by shear stress and gives to the liquid an inviscid character
Cohen, Charles-Édouard. "Modélisation et simulation de la stimulation acide des puits carbonatés." Toulouse, INPT, 2007. http://ethesis.inp-toulouse.fr/archive/00000601/.
Full textMatrix acidizing of a well in a carbonated reservoir improves its productivity, especially when the well is damaged. This stimulation technique relies on an unstable process which creates, under specific conditions, empty channels called "wormholes". The objective of the operator is to use this instability to reconnect the well to the reservoir while minimizing the duration of the treatment and the volume of acid injected. The aim of the present thesis is to improve the understanding of the mechanisms of instability and to optimize the acid treatment. In the first part, we present a series of linear stability analysis of the dissolution front in a porous media. Results explain the role of dimensionless numbers in transitions between the different dissolution regimes and serve to predict these transitions. We also use simulations of core acidizing to study the wormhole density, the mechanism of wormhole competition and the effect of confinement induced by the core boundaries on dissolution patterns in 2D and 3D, in linear and radial geometries. Then, in the second part, we propose a large scale model to simulate full acid treatments, based on a dual porosity approach. An exemple of simulation of a full acid treatment illustrated the model. Finally, we link this acidizing simulator to a reservoir simulator and an inversion software in order to optimise the treatment parameters, as a function of the oil production
Michaux, Florentin. "Contribution des tensioactifs fluorés à la synthèse de matériaux mésoporeux : Application à la conception d'un bioréacteur." Thesis, Nancy 1, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009NAN10088/document.
Full textThis work deals with the study of the properties of several non-ionic fluorinated and hydrogenated surfactant based systems which are related to the synthesis of mesoporous silicate materials. One of the aims is to predict the structural and textural properties of the final material for a given application. Thus, we have proved that the cloud point curve, which is characteristic of non-ionic surfactant based systems, must be present at high temperature to obtain well-ordered materials. However, this condition is not the only one but also the ratio between the molar volumes of the hydrophilic part (VA) and the hydrophobic part (VB) of the surfactant should be taken into account. Thus, the study of several mixed systems has allowed to precise the values of VA/VB which correspond to hexagonal materials. A structural study of the fluorinated micelles have been also performed by scattering methods (neutrons and X-ray). We have shown that the presence of spherical micelles promotes the formation of ordered hexagonal materials. Moreover, the in situ observation of the hybrid mesophase formation has shed light on the cooperative templating mechanism which leads to mesostructured silica materials. The effect of the synthesis parameters onto the properties of the materials has also been studied, particularly using the factorial design method. The high hydrothermal stability of the materials prepared from fluorinated surfactant based systems has been demonstrated. Finally, the mesoporous materials prepared from fluorinated micelles have been used as a support for the immobilization of an enzyme. Furthermore, we have shown that a lipase, physically adsorbed onto these materials, can be used to catalyse an esterification reaction. This result offers an outlook for applying these mesoporous materials to bio-diesel synthesis
Zhang, Kun. "Mesostructured porous materials : Pore and surface engineering towards bio-inspired synthesis of heterogeneous copper catalysts." Lyon, École normale supérieure (sciences), 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008ENSL0470.
Full textAdvanced control of the surface structure and chemistry in confined space has been developed here in mesostructured porous silicas of MCM-41 type to design novel metal supported catalysts combining confinement, hydrophobicity and site specificity using the inspiring model of metalloproteins. First, it is demonstrated that the surface of such a type of materials usually seen as smooth has indeed an alveolar structure generated by the imprint of the ammonium surfactant head groups used here as directing agent. Increasing hydrothermal temperatures is shown first to enlarge the pore size by mere surface smoothing followed by a decrease explained by wall thickening. In addition, conditions were found to generate hybrid materials with hierarchical micro- and mesoporority. Finally, both rough and smooth surfaces were found amenable for multifonctionnalization using molecular stencil patterning technique and compared for isolation of bidentate aminoethyleaminopropyl tethers by trimethylsilyl grafted hydrophobic groups. Then copper (II) can easily be retained by complexation to these bidentate tethers inside the nanochannels of the material
Corfdir, Alain. "Analyse de la stabilité d'ouvrages en gabions cellulaires par la théorie du calcul à la rupture." Phd thesis, Ecole Nationale des Ponts et Chaussées, 1997. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00523026.
Full textGueye, Abdoulaye. "Modélisation et simulations numériques des écoulements et instabilités thermiques de fluides non-Newtonien en milieu poreux." Thesis, Lille 1, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LIL10154/document.
Full textThe present thesis on porous media concentrates in two parts. The first concerns the numerical study of the flow of a Newtonian or a non-Newtonian fluid within a fluid/porous system. The approach of a single domain, which consists of/in writing the Navier-Stokes equation including the Darcy-Brinkham-Forchheimer term, is chosen in this study. The linear relation between the pressure gradient and the bulk velocity in the Darcy case, for which the fluid is Newtonian, is obtained. This relation is extended to the non-Darcy case, for which the fluid is non-Newtonian. The influence of Darcy and Forchheimer numbers on the structure of the flow is presented. In the second part, linear stability and numerical analysis of the natural convection of viscoelastic fluids saturating a horizontal porous layer heated by a constant flux is performed. A primary and secondary instability study allowed to show that, for a Newtonian fluid, the unicellular convection loses its stability to the benefit of longitudinal rolls. In the case of viscoelastic fluids, the elasticity of the fluid leads to the selection of propagation transverse rolls. A numerical solution based on a finite difference scheme has reinforced these analytical results
Maliwan, Kittinan. "Modélisation de l'action des vibrations sur les écoulements de convection thermique ou solutale en milieux poreux." Toulouse 3, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004TOU30137.
Full textThe present work, we study analytically the effect of the action of high-frequency vertical vibration on the onset of the convective motion in mono and multi-component fluids in porous media. The geometry considered is a "Rayleigh-Bénard" configuration. Generalized Darcy-Brinkman mathematical model is taken into account to describe convective flows. In the framework of Oberbeck-Boussinesq approximation, the induced convective motion due to temperature field or concentration field in the presence of gravitational and vibrational fields are studied by using time-averaged method. In the first part of this work, the case of porous media saturated by pure fluid is considered. The critical parameters are found by applying Galerkin method. The asymptotic analysis is also performed to obtain an analytical relation in the case of small Darcy numbers. It is shown that high-frequency vertical vibration can delay convective instabilities and, in this way, reduce the convective flow. In the case of very small Darcy numbers, the weakly non-linear analysis is then carried out to obtain an expression for Nusselt number. .
Zhang, Kun. "Mesostructured porous materials : Pore and surface engineering towards bio-inspired synthesis of heterogeneous copper catalysts." Phd thesis, Ecole normale supérieure de lyon - ENS LYON, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00310153.
Full textKaraki, Mariam. "Matériaux à porosité contrôlée sulfonés : Synthèse, Caractérisation, Etude des propriétés catalytiques." Phd thesis, Université de Haute Alsace - Mulhouse, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01064374.
Full textCorfdir, Alain. "Analyse de la stabilité d'ouvrages en gabions cellulaires par la théorie du calcul à la rupture." Phd thesis, Marne-la-vallée, ENPC, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997ENPC9704.
Full textCellular cofferdams are constituted by a shell of steel sheetpiles filled with sand or gravel backfill. They are used in harbour or fluvial locations as earth or water retaining structures. Although they have been in use for more than 80 years, their mechanical behaviour is still poorly understood and accidents still occur even during construction. The use of design methods based on yield design theory can contribute to found the design of cellular cofferdams on rigorous bases. The yield design of cellular cofferdams has some particular characteristics : true 3-dimentional geometry, mixed modelling of the structure (the sheetpiles are modelled as a shell, the backfill as a 3-dimensional ontinuous media). Modelling sheetpiles as a shell makes it possible to consider kinematic fields with flexure strain of the sheetpiles. Flexures strain has been observed on some accidents and some model tests. The present work opens with an introductory chapter dealing with the construction of cellular cofferdams, their applications and design methods. Chapter 2 deals with the modelling of cellular cofferdams. Chapters 3, 4, 5 and 6 deal with the application of static and kinematic methods to a single cofferdam cell and to cellular cofferdams. In chapter 7, the results are compared to data from different sources : filed measurements, case of accident, model tests
Le, Bras Solène. "Etude de catalyseurs Pt-Pd supportés sur spinelle MgAl2O4 pour la dépollution automobile : synthèse, stabilité hydrothermale et perfomances catalytiques." Thesis, Limoges, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LIMO0053/document.
Full textThe improvement of air quality is a major issue for the health and the environment. The challenge for the manufacturers of catalytic converters for automotive depollution is to optimize their formulation to meet the standards regulating the polluting emissions hardening, while making a profitable use of the precious metals whose resources are becoming exhausted. In this thesis, a new, mesoporous, MgAl2O4, catalytic support was synthesized by atomization of an aqueous sol containing a tri-block copolymer. The MgAl2O4 nanocristallites in point contact enable to reach higher dispersion rates of the Pt-Pd active phase than those of a commercialized DOC taken as reference by Renault. The active phase of the 2,5%m.PtPd(3:2)[450°C]/MgAl2O4[900°C] catalyst presents similar hydrothermal stability to that of the reference DOC thanks to chemical anchoring (epitaxial growth, solid solutions) and mechanical anchoring (atomic steps, pores). Although the totality of the precious metal content is not accessible (insertion, encapsulation) for CO, HC and NO oxidation, the catalytic performances reached by this catalyst during hydrothermal aging are comparable with that of the reference DOC. The conversion of the HC is similar to that of the reference DOC and depends on the local concentration of the active sites. The CO conversion rate is slightly penalized since the particles are too smalls and in an oxidized state. Lastly, this catalyst does not reduce NOx but ensures a more important oxidation of NO in NO2 after a hydrothermal aging than the reference DOC and also the storage of NO2 which have a positive impact on the proper functioning of the downstream diesel particulate filter
Wone, Moussa. "Contribution à la modélisation du comportement hydrique et mécanique des remblais routiers en matériaux fins." Phd thesis, Marne-la-vallée, ENPC, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995ENPC9525.
Full textA coupled model for three-phase unsaturated porous media, with allowance for both the stress-strain relationships of the soil and the flow of water and air, is presented. It is aimed at improving the settlement predictions and stability analyses of geotechnical structures. A system of non linear equations, both of the stress-strain relationships and for the flow of fluids, is first derived, on the basis of the static equilibrium equations, of the continuity equations and of the constitutive relationships of each of the three phases. This system of equations is then solved using the finite element method and an implicit integration scheme for time dependency. This work resulted in the implementation in the finite element program CESAR-LCPC of a new family of elements, devoted to the two-dimensional consolidation analysis of unsaturated soils, and of an iterative algorithm, combining the method of variable stiffness for the flow nonlinearities and the initial stres method for the material nonlinearities. A new subroutine of CESAR-LCPC, terme CSNS (for Consolidation of Unsaturated Soils) was created for performing this type of analysis. The subroutine CSNS takes into account the staged construction of the geotechnical structures and can accomodate any type of boundary conditions. It was checked against the observed behaviour of a test section of an existing motorway. The comparison of the observed and calculated displacements and water pressures in the embankment gave encouraging insight into the capabilities of the method
Wone, Moussa. "Contribution à la modélisation du comportement hydrique et mécanique des remblais routiers en matériaux fins." Phd thesis, Ecole Nationale des Ponts et Chaussées, 1995. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00523303.
Full textOuadhani, Soumaya. "Actions des vibrations sur le processus de séparation des constituants d'un mélange binaire en configuration de Rayleigh-Bénard." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016TOU30192/document.
Full textIn this study, the influence of vertical vibrations on species thermo-gravitational separation of a binary fluid, saturating a porous medium, is presented. The cell is horizontal of large aspect ratio and situated in the gravity field. A formulation using time average equations is used. Two configurations have been considered and compared. In the first one, a constant heat flux is imposed on the horizontal walls and in the second case, a constant heat flux is imposed on the bottom wall while a constant temperature is imposed on the top wall. For each configuration, stable unicellular solutions leading to species separation are obtained, depending on the dimensionless parameters of the problem. The analytical results are in good agreement with those obtained by direct numerical simulations. In both cases, a linear stability analysis of the equilibrium solution and the unicellular one is presented using a spectral method
Varache, Mathieu. "Synthèse de nanoparticules mésoporeuses de silice et encapsulation du cisplatine en vue du ciblage des traitements de chimiothérapie anticancéreuse." Thesis, Dijon, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014DIJOS007/document.
Full textThe aim of this PhD thesis is to elaborate mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNs) able to sustain the release of cisplatin into the intracellular compartments of solid tumors. The parametric study shows that morphological, structural and textural properties of MSNs-MCM-41, synthesized by sol-gel reaction by using TEOS as a silica source and CTAB as a structure-directing agent, depend on pH, stirring speed, temperature and extraction process of CTAB. The synthesis atmosphere has to be controlled in order to avoid the presence of ethanol and carbonate species which are responsible of necks between particles generating unstable suspensions of MSNs.MSNs were functionalized in order to control the interactions between cisplatin and MSNs or to improve their colloidal stability in physiological media.Various silanated organic molecules (APTES, TESP, MPTES, CEST) and neutral or ionised polymers were grafted into the MSNs using a co-condensation approach or a postsynthetic functionalization method while keeping structural and textural properties of MSNs unchanged.The amount of cisplatin encapsulated by using impregnation are higher than those obtained by using adsorption and depend on MSNs fonctionalization. MSNs grafted by PEI allow a sustained drug release and cytotoxic effects similar to cisplatin. In vitro assays show that MSNs devoid of cisplatin are not cytotoxic up to 200 µg/mL. Confocal microscopy study reveals that MSNs internalization is efficient after about 2h of contact with cells
Tong, Anh Tuan. "Modélisation micromécanique des couplages hydromécaniques et des mécanismes d'érosion interne dans les ouvrages hydrauliques." Thesis, Grenoble, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014GRENI108/document.
Full textMultiphase granular materials occupy a very important place in our environment that are of great interest to many scientific communities, including those of soil mechanics or geotechnical engineering. The divided nature allows multiphase granular media to have a global mechanical behaviour which originates from all component phases, their distribution and interactions. Acoupled hydromechanical model is presented in this work for the application to microscopic modeling of coupled hydromechanical in saturated granular materials. The numerical model uses a combination of the discrete element method (DEM) with a pore-scale finite volume (PFV) formulation of flow problem of an incompressible viscous fluid. The solid is modeled as an assembly of spherical particles, where contact interactions are governed by elasto-plasticrelations. Stokes flow is considered, assuming that inertial forces are small in comparison with viscous forces. Pore geometry and pore connections are defined locally through regular triangulation of spheres, from which a tetrahedral mesh arises. The definition of pore-scale hydraulic conductivities is a key aspect of this model. In this sense, the model is similar to a pore-network model. The emphasis of this model is, on one hand the microscopic description of the interaction between phases, with the determination of the forces applied on solid particles by the fluid, on the other hand, the model involves affordable computational costs, that allow the simulation of thousands of particles in three dimensional models. Permeability measurements on bidispersed glass beads are reported and compared with model predictions and empirical formulas/semi-empirical in the literature, validating the definition of local conductivities and bringing out the role of particle size distribution and porosity. A numerical approach to analyze the fluid-solid mechanical interaction and mechanisms of internal erosion is finally presented
Ouattara, Bafétigué. "Prise en compte des caractéristiques thermophysiques des parois dans le processus de séparation des constituants d'un mélange binaire ou d'un nanofluide par diffusion thermogravitationnelle en milieu poreux." Phd thesis, Toulouse 3, 2012. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/1853/.
Full textIn the present work, we study analytically and numerically the influence of the thermal conductivity and the thickness of the walls of a horizontal rectangular cell on the species separation of binary mixture. This problem is of great importance for species separation by thermogravitational diffusion. The thickness of the fluid layer leading to optimal separation is less than a millimeter for the binary mixtures investigated and the wall thickness is of the order of two millimeters or more. Furthermore the conductivity of the plates is generally different from the conductivity of the saturated porous layer. We consider a horizontal cell of large longitudinal extension filled with a porous medium saturated by a binary mixture bounded by plates of the same thickness and the same thermal conductivity. The outer surfaces of plates are subjected to a constant heat flux. We study the stability of the equilibrium solution and the unicellular flow. The equilibrium solution is found to lose stability via a stationary bifurcation or a Hopf bifurcation depending on the values of the dimensionless parameters of the problem. For separation ratio , the critical parameters associated to the primary transition are and which corresponds to the transition between the equilibrium solution and the unicellular one. In these relation Le is the Lewis number, d is the ratio of plates over the porous layer thickness and d, their respective thermal conductivity ratio. A very good agreement is found between the critical values obtained analytically and the ones obtained by the spectral Tau numerical procedure. We show in this work that the separation of the species in binary mixtures depends strongly on d and d for values of the Rayleigh number greater than the Rayleigh number leading to the maximum separation. It also emerges from this study that the separation is underestimated when we do not take into account the effect of the conducting walls. A good agreement is observed between the analytical results and the numerical simulations. In the last part of the thesis, we undertake experimental work on the separation in nanofluids containing nanotubes of carbon
Bongur, Raphaël. "Encapsulation de molécules organiques au sein de silices mésoporeuses." Thesis, Mulhouse, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010MULH4272/document.
Full textThe objective of this thesis is to develop a new concept that consists to permanently encapsulate cosmetic active ingredients into mesoporous silica. The encapsulation of these active molecules improves their skin tolerance, optimizes their light stability while preserving their effectiveness and facilitates their formulation in cosmetic products. Thus, UV filters have been encapsulated in MCM-41 type mesoporous silica by using in-situ route because it seemed the most efficient route to achieve permanently encapsulation of large quantities of active. Two UV filters have been studied. One is lipophilic (Parsol MCX) and the other is a hydrophilic (Parsol HS). For all the active molecules studied, an appropriate encapsulation rate was obtained and the characterizations, particularly these performed by solid-state NMR, have shown that the encapsulation is effective within the pores which, coupled with the good stability of encapsulation in the case of hydrophilic actives, ensures minimal contact between the active and the consumer's skin. In contrast, a significant release of lipophilic UV filter was found. It was established that the physico-chemical properties of the synthesized materials differ significantly according to the lipophilic or hydrophilic nature of the encapsulated molecules. In all cases, the porous organization, the structural order and the morphology of the particles containing active ingredients vary significantly compared to the reference MCM-41 type mesoporous silica, synthesized without active ingredient. Thus, the presence of the active ingredient in the reaction medium has an influence on the structure and the texture of the synthesized materials, which is due to interactions between the actives molecules, the silicate species and the surfactant molecules in the reaction medium
Ouattara, Bafétigué. "Prise en compte des caractéristiques thermophysiques des parois dans le processus de séparation des constituants d'un mélange binaire ou d'un nanofluide par diffusion thermogravitationnelle en milieu poreux." Phd thesis, Université Paul Sabatier - Toulouse III, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00968643.
Full textBouleux, François. "Approche discrète de l'évaporation en milieu poreux : étude de fronts stabilisés par les forces de gravité ou de viscosité en deux dimensions." Toulouse, INPT, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999INPT012H.
Full textFannir, Jamal. "Stability of the two-phase displacement in porous media studied by MRI techniques." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lorraine, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LORR0330.
Full textIt is important to understand the driving forces that control the flow of two immiscible fluids in a porous medium. Indeed, there is a wide range of applications of two-phase flows in porous media, especially those relating to enhanced oil recovery (EOR). The development of quantitative magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) techniques opens up new possibilities for studying and characterizing multiphase flows in porous media. This work is specifically concerned with describing the displacement of two immiscible fluids (water-oil) in a porous medium using MRI techniques. The porous medium is initially saturated with oil which is displaced by injecting water from below, oil and water can be evacuated from above. The general objective of the study is to determine the displacement and the deformation of the front (water-oil) over time, and to specify the trapping mechanisms of the phases. Experiments are conducted on two porous models. One oil wetting consists of a stack of small polystyrene beads (0.4 mm < dp < 0.6 mm), the other wetting with water is a slightly compacted sand (0.02 mm < dp <0.50 mm). We used a 14 T NMR micro-imaging device (1H resonance at 600 MHz) to acquire high resolution images (0.2 mm) inside the porous media during the movement of the two fluids. The results obtained showed that the oil saturation profile is strongly influenced by the properties of the porous material, such as the porosity and the permeability of the sample, the wetting of the phases, the injection rate of the water or even the heterogeneity of the solid matrix. The influence of the water injection flow rate on the residual saturation of oil has been studied more particularly. The experimental results allow a fine understanding of the displacement of two immiscible fluids for two types of porous media, which mainly differ by the effects of wettability. At the same time, a numerical simulation of the upward vertical displacement of oil pushed by water in a porous column was performed and the results compared to our MRI experiments
Utada, Satoshi. "Effect of a Prior Plastic Deformation during Heat Treatments on the Mechanical Properties of Ni-Based Superalloys for Turbine Blade Application Evolution of superalloy for turbine airfoil and development of recycling technology Platinum containing new generation nickel-based superalloy for single crystalline application Tensile, low cycle fatigue and very high cycle fatigue characterizations of advanced single crystal nickel-based superalloys Creep Property and Phase Stability of Sulfur-Doped Ni-Base Single-Crystal Superalloys and Effectiveness of CaO Desulfurization Evaluation and comparison of damage accumulation mechanisms during non-isothermal creep of cast Ni-based superalloys." Thesis, Chasseneuil-du-Poitou, Ecole nationale supérieure de mécanique et d'aérotechnique, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020ESMA0019.
Full textNi-based single crystal (SX) superalloys are used for turbine blade applications because of their high-temperature durability. During the production of a turbine blade, unexpected plastic deformation (PD) can be introduced to the material. In this study, SX materials were pre-deformed in between solution and aging heat treatments to mimic PD during production. Mechanical tests on the pre-deformed materials have been performed to understand the effect of the prior PD.During aging treatments of pre-deformed AM1 SX superalloy, faster coarsening of γ′ precipitates and enhanced void nucleation were observed in the vicinity of slip bands which were introduced by PD at room-temperature. During creep deformation of pre-deformed AM1 at high temperature/low stress conditions (≥ 950 °C), the microstructure coarsened bands act as diffusion induced creep damage accumulating paths, further triggering recrystallization and resulting in drastic reduction of creep properties. At low temperature/high stress conditions (≤ 850 °C), microstructure shearing was facilitated in the microstructure coarsened band and it decreased creep properties. Recrystallization was not observed at lower temperature creep because the diffusion damage was suppressed. These relationships have been explained by creep tests on pre-deformed materials prepared by different pre-deformation temperatures and heat treatment procedures.CMSX-4 Plus SX superalloy was tested similarly to AM1 to understand the effect of the chemical composition. Effect of pre-deformation on alloy’s microstructure was mild in CMSX-4 Plus compared to that in AM1. Therefore, the predeformation did no exhibit large creep life debit in CMSX-4 Plus at temperatures lower than 1050 °C. However, during creep of CMSX-4 Plus at 1150 °C, pre-deformation presented huge impact on creep life and ductility by the same mechanisms as the ones observed for AM1 at 1050 °C.In order to restore properties of pre-deformed SX superalloys, rejuvenation heat treatment was added after PD.Rejuvenation treatment successfully restored microstructure after PD at room-temperature, and creep properties of rejuvenated specimens were shown to be equivalent to that of original AM1 and CMSX-4 Plus without PD