Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Matériaux Supramoléculaires'
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Belaouaied, Karima. "Conception, synthèse et caractérisation de nouveaux matériaux supramoléculaires." Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2004. http://savoirs.usherbrooke.ca/handle/11143/4631.
Full textAl, Abbas Alexandre. "Des matériaux ioniques supramoléculaires : vers des applications en détection." Strasbourg, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011STRA6028.
Full textThe convergence of supramolecular and ionic liquids fields could provide to a vast range of ionic liquid crystal materials. In the first part of this work, we have decorated the periphery of two imidazolium units linked by a flexible spacer. We have study the mesomorphic properties of those dimers by changing both the cation (terminal alkyl chain length, number of terminal alkyl chain and position of the imidazolium units) and its counter anion (cyanometallates and trisdipicolinate lanthanides). Thus, we obtain supramolecular mesomorphic materials with non-covalent cross-linking. In the second part of the work, we have developed solid scintillators based on oxazole unit combining properties of ionic liquids and oxazole (luminescence). This new solid scintillators exhibit interesting properties for discrimination between neutron and gamma rays. The detection of neutrons is possible by pulse shape discrimination method by comparing the shape of the pulse delivered by the scintillator. This method consists in identifying the nature of interacting particles in the material by comparing their fluorescence decays
Hologne, Maggy. "Structure et dynamique de matériaux supramoléculaires par Résonance Magnétique Nucléaire." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003STR13187.
Full textThis work is divided into two parts. The first part is dedicated to the dynamic study of a supramolecular system, p-tertbutylcalix[4]arene. Nitrobenzene-d5, by deuteron (2H) NMR. In this case, the guest (nitrobenzene) performs a 180ʿ jump (" p-flip "). This simple molecular motion is very sensitive to host-guest interactions and, thus, to the local intermolecular order. We used two techniques, the static-powder quadrupolar or Jeener echo pulse sequence, and magic-angle spinning (MAS) 2H NMR. While the presence of an inhomogeneous ditribution of correlation times cannot be excluded by extensive static-powder measurements, the MAS 2H NMR spectrum unambiguously shows that the p-flip motion of the nitrobenzene guest is characterized by a single correlation time. The second part of this work is devoted to the determination of internuclear distances. First, we studied theoretically two dipolar recoupling techniques, REDOR (Rotational-Echo DOuble Resonance) and CPMAS (Cross-polarization Magic-Angle Spinning). The magnitude of the dipolar coupling constant is directly deduced from the line-splitting between the divergences of the Pake-like patterns obtained by Fourier transformation of the oscillatory CPMAS transfer (g-encoding). Moreover, the results show that the dipolar couplings from the neighboring spins of a strongly coupled spin pair perturb less the CPMAS dynamics than the REDOR dephasing. This facilitates the measurement of the dominant dipolar coupling by CPMAS. After having been tested on a model compound, glycine enriched in 15N et 13C, REDOR experiments were applied to the supramolecular inclusion compound, p-tertbutylcalix[4]arene. Pyridine 25% enriched in 15N, to examine the 15N - 13C distances between the host and guest molecular components. REDOR curves calculated from the X-ray crystal structure fail to match those determined experimentally. Notably, the fact that the two closest approaches of the host tert-butyl C-H groups to the nitrogen atom of the pyridine guest are not observed by REDOR NMR questions previous interpretations of weak intermolecular interactions in this supramolecular system
Khodja, Walid. "Organisation de nano-matériaux inorganiques au sein de matrices supramoléculaires poreuses recyclables." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019TOU30016.
Full textThe interest for imbedding metallic nanoparticles in porous supramolecular networks has grown considerably in recent years. Indeed, these hybrid materials combine the properties related to porous supramolecular networks, such as a controlled porosity, large specific surface area, versatile chemical modulation; and those that are intrinsic to metal nanoparticles, such as catalytic or optical properties. As a result, these composite materials are explored in the fields of catalysis or detection. Porous supramolecular networks consist in three large families of distinct compounds, according to the interactions that they implement to maintain their structural integrity. We first distinguish the networks built by coordination bonds, called MOF (" Metal Organic Framework "). These porous networks have been widely studied for the incorporation of metal nanoparticles with various functionalities. The supramolecular networks obtained by covalent associations, named COF (" Covalent Organic Framework "), have been relatively little explored for the in situ growth of metallic nanoparticles. Finally, porous supramolecular architectures whose structural cohesion is ensured by weak interactions such as Hydrogen bonds, known by the acronym HOF (" Hydrogen-bonded Open Framework "), have, to the best of our knowledge, never been reported as a growth support for metallic nanoparticles. The aim of this thesis was to explore the possibility of using the porous supramolecular architectures based on hydrogen bonds as matrices for the controlled growth of noble metal nanoparticles. The first part of the thesis was devoted to the development of sub-micrometric crystals of a supramolecular porous architecture developed in the team and known under the pseudonym SPA-2 (" Supramoléculaire Porous Architecture "). Two reasons motivated our choice for this matrix: its porosity (estimated at 53%), as well as its channels decorated by pyridyl functions. The second part of this research led to the conception of the Au@SPA-2 hybrid material. The synthesis of this material proceeds by functionalizing the nanocrystals of SPA-2 with thiocyanates, followed by impregnation, then by a photo-reduction of the photosensitive gold molecular precursor (Me2SAuCl). The post-functionalization of the SPA-2 allows an effective impregnation in gold (5 to 10% of the total mass). The ultraviolet radiation exposure of the [Au-SCN]@SPA-2 material makes it possible to reduce the gold complex and then to generate nanoparticles. For our hybrid system, it is possible to control the size of gold nanoparticles (from 1 to 25 nm) by the duration of irradiation. This is the first synthesis of metallic nanoparticles in a porous supramolecular matrix based on the Hydrogen interactions ever reported. The third part of our research work focused on the synthesis of the Ag@SPA-2 hybrid material, with the same strategy that has been implemented for gold, namely the trapping of a photosensitive silver precursor (AgNO3), by an anion, here a chloride, located in the channels of SPA-2 network. Silver nanoparticles were obtained by photo-reduction, under UV light, of the material AgCl@SPA-2. The characterizations of this hybrid material revealed silver nanoparticles distributed uniformly within SPA-2 crystals. The matrix SPA-2 is recyclable. By simply dissolving the hybrid materials (Au@SPA-2 or Ag@SPA-2) in a slightly acidic aqueous solution, it was possible to isolate the metal nanoparticles from the molecular components of the SPA-2 porous network. From this solution, the initial SPA-2 matrix was regenerated by crystallization
Genest, Aymeric. "Application de la réaction aza-Michael à l'élaboration de matériaux silicones supramoléculaires." Thesis, Lyon, INSA, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015ISAL0129.
Full textThis PhD thesis was focused on the incorporation of functional groups onto the siloxane polymer backbone such that supramolecular assemblies are formed, in order to prepare new supramolecular silicone materials. First, an in-depth review of the aza-Michael reaction applied to silicon-containing compounds was realized, highlighting the whole potential of this addition reaction. The aza-Michael reaction applied to organic amines was thoroughly analyzed in order to emphasize some open issues such as selectivity or retro-aza-Michael reaction. In order to understand and master the aza-Michael reaction, a model reaction involving a bis-(3-aminopropyl)-terminated PDMS and butylacrylate was then fully investigated. Operating parameters such as protic polar solvents, catalysts or temperature allow promoting the reaction rate. Kinetic data showed that the selectivity towards the main formation of mono- or di-adduct can be controlled by carefully selecting the solvent nature and content. The syntheses of 100% mono- and 100% di-adduct compounds was succesfully achieved. The aza-Michael reaction was then applied to a less reactive Michael acceptor, i.e. acrylic acid. This unsaturated organic acid reacts instantaneously with amines by acid-base reaction leading to the formation of ionic pairs. This acid-base equilibrium is then shifted in the forward direction allowing the synthesis of zwitterionic groups by aza-Michael. The aza-Michael reaction of this peculiar Michael acceptor was thoroughly investigated both with simple organic amines and aminosilicone oligomers and polymers in order to elucidate the structures and to evaluate the rheological properties. Finally, supramolecular silicone materials bearing zwitterionic-like groups were prepared leading to supramolecular materials with properties ranging from visco-elastic liquids to thermoplastic silicone elastomers
Moussawi, Mhamad aly. "Assemblages à base de polyoxométallates : des interactions fondamentales aux matériaux hybrides supramoléculaires." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017SACLV078/document.
Full textIn this work, we report in the first part the substitution of molybdenum by tungsten within Keplerate-type anions [{Mo6}12Mo30O312E60(AcO)30]42- (E = O or S). Introducing tungsten to the synthesis medium resulted in the isolation of a series of compounds, [{WxMo6- x}12Mo30O312E60(AcO)30]42, with variable metal content within their pentagonal units {M6}. An outstanding observation revealed the selective occupation of the central position in the pentagonal unit by the W atoms. This revelation was stretched to reach other historical structures as Mo-blue wheel [Mo154O462H14(H2O)70]14- and Krebs [Mo36O112(H2O)16]8- anions that also showed the same preferential occupation of W atoms for the heptacoordinated site. In the second part, we focus on the fabrication of a three-component hybrid material based on polyoxometalates (POMs), metallic clusters and -cyclodextrin ( -CD). Investigation of such material has been conducted using bottom-up approach by investigating the specific interactions between CD and both types ofinorganic units. Finally, the three componentsassociate together to give a well orderedpolymer-like hybrid chain that is derived ashydrogel and single crystals. In the last part, we extend the CD-POMinvestigation to reach giant POM structures asthe Mo-blue ring. A non-conventional complexation results from this interaction explained by the encapsulation of the organic macrocycle within the inorganic torus. Increasing the complexity of the system by introducing a third species provoked the formation of a hierarchical hybrid assembly
Maes, Florine. "Étude de l'auto-réparation d'élastomères supramoléculaires." Phd thesis, École Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Paris, 2011. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00660450.
Full textLe, ho Khanh hy. "Synthèse par « Click Chemistry » de matériaux hybrides et éudes de leurs assemblages supramoléculaires." Thesis, Paris 11, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA112285/document.
Full textAn Approach "bottum-up" via molecular self-assembly is considered as a promising way to control the manufacture of new materials and their integration into hybrid devices with novel properties. In this work, we have synthesized several hybrids based on organic molecules (fullerene, porphyrin, phthalocyanine), oligonucleotides or carbon nanotubes.At first, we were interested in the synthesis of a new family of products consisting of a unit C60 linked to two chromophores positioned face to face and allowing the formation of host-guest complexes. We have shown that these compounds are combined to give supramolecular structures in solution and on the surface. Electronic interactions and complexation between fullerene and the two chromophores (porphyrins and phthalocyanines) were studied by NMR and optical spectroscopy as well as cyclic voltammetry.Among the tools of the "bottom-up", DNA showed its tremendous potential for the production of bio-directed assembly. Indeed, the synthesis of hybrid materials based DNA allows precise control (theoretically on the scale of a base, ~ 3.4 Å) of the positioning of the functional groups in a material. In order to form networks and bi-dimensional DNA-based for positioning nano-objects, we have synthesized hybrid oligonucleotide-based and porphyrin molecule (2D) or adamantane molecule (3D). Supramolecular structures have been made and this work is ongoing to achieve functional networks.Finally, in a last part, we are interested in the functionalization of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) with chromophores like porphyrins and phthalocyanines. While porphyrins exhibit almost exclusively an intense absorption in the blue (around 420-440 nm), phtalocyanines absorb mainly in the red spectral region. Taken together these two chromophores have interesting light harvesting, photophysical and redox properties; the two components will participate independently to increase the overall absorption in the visible range of the solar spectrum. This work opens the route to study the optoelectronic properties of hybrid nanotube and in particular their use for the conversion of light energy into electrical energy (photovoltaic application)
Baillet, Julie. "Gels supramoléculaires stimulables à base de Glyconucléobolaamphiphiles." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019BORD0399.
Full textStimuli responsive gels, also known as smart materials, have emerged as powerful platforms thanks to their unique property to sense their surroundings and to change their macroscopic behavior in time and space for a wide range of applications from biomedicine to environmental chemistry. In this context, this dissertation is devoted to the design and the study of physico-chemical properties of novel responsive systems by chemical modifications of low molecular weight gelators(GlycoNucleoBolaAmphiphiles or GNBAs) sensitive to specific triggers: light, enzymes and pH. First, light sensitive GNBAs featuring a photoresponsive stilbene unit have been synthetized using a stereoselective metathesis reaction. The trans isomers exhibited strong and thixotropic gels inwater/ethanol mixtures. Photo-isomerization under UV-light led to the formation of the bended cis derivatives resulting in the 3D network destruction. The reversibility of this phenomenon was however partly limited owing to the cis isomer thermodynamic stability and the formation of by-product. Next, hydrophilic GNBAs displaying lactose moieties sensitive to ß-galactosidase have been synthetized. According to their structure, different gelation kinetics observed after cleavage highlighted that gelation ability was impacted in complex media. Similarly, ester-linked fatty acids GNBAs sensitive to esterase have been designed to expand the scope of the enzyme responsive set of gelators. Finally, pH-sensitive GNBAs containing an orthoester moiety were synthesized. Subjected to different pH values found in vivo they showed around 50 % of cleavage and the slow formation of high viscous material. Previously described ester based GNBAs have also been investigated in acidic or basic pH
Fauvre, Lucile. "Élaboration d'élastomères silicones supramoléculaires auto-cicatrisants." Thesis, Lyon, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LYSEI119.
Full textThis PhD thesis focused on the investigation of supramolecular materials in order to generate new self-healing supramolecular silicone elastomers. Firstly, a literature review on silicone materials was realized and we identified the different ways developed in the silicone domain that imply supramolecular chemistry and in particular hydrogen-bonds. The influence of associating groups on rheological and mechanical properties of these materials was discussed, and the restrictions of such systems were highlighted. The chemistry developed by Dr. Leibler and co-workers, later adapted to silicones by Pr Zhang and his team, was deeply investigated during our comprehension study. Relationships between structure and properties were nonetheless not fully elucidated in these studies. Model reactions involving telechelic amino-PDMS and urea were then carried out. The thorough characterization of the final structure of the reaction products highlighted few correlations between structural parameters (choice of the type of associating group, molecular weight of copolymer, functionality) and properties (rheological and mechanical) that had not been demonstrated yet for these systems. We showed that, among others, the strength of the associating groups as well as the entanglements play a fundamental role. A different chemistry, inspired by Yilgör and co-workers’ studies on segmented copolymers, was later considered by carrying out an aza-Michael reaction. This synthesis differs from the previous one by its better control of the final macromolecular structure. A supramolecular silicone elastomer with self-healing abilities was obtained by combining a large functionality together with a high final molecular weight. Mechanical properties of this material were further enhanced through the addition of more or less reinforcing fillers. The influence of such reinforcement on self-healing capacity of this system was discussed
Capelot, Mathieu. "Chimie de Polycondensation, Polymères Supramoléculaires et Vitrimères." Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2013. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00803168.
Full textNiess, Frédéric. "Auto-assemblages photostimulables de triarylamines supramoléculaires pour la conduction électrique." Strasbourg, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011STRA6113.
Full textThis thesis is a contribution to the bottom-up approach for the elaboration of organic conductors. The first part deals with the discovery that chemically-tailored triarylamine units, when exposed to simple visible light irradiation, produce cationic radicals that subsequently generate the hierarchical self-assembly of supramolecular nanowires which in turn combine within larger fibers. These latter, in a highly synergistic process, are able to permanently stabilize and transport the holes that have induced their own formation. The second part presents the straightforward interconnection of metallic electrodes by self-assembly from a solution of triarylamine upon a combination of light and electric field triggers. We were able to show ohmic character with high conductivities in excess of 104 S. M-1, combined with an extremely low interface resistance and an intrinsic metallic behavior. The third aspect deals with the elaboration of supramolecular n/p heterojunctions for potential applications in solar cells by combining triarylamines moieties together with perylene moieties. A first model system was developed. Morphological studies have shown the formation of a hierarchical self-assembly in form of squares which stack on a second columnar level. We have then tried to incorporate additional donor and acceptor groups with hydrogen bonding motifs for supramolecular polymerization of the perylene part
Gallon, Arnaud. "Réseaux élastomères nanostructurés par combinaison de processus d'assemblages supramoléculaires et de polymérisations." Lyon, INSA, 2008. http://theses.insa-lyon.fr/publication/2008ISAL0122/these.pdf.
Full textThis work deals with the structuration of polymer networks at the nanometer scale by combining supramolecular chemistry and polymerization processes. Assemblies with high association constant can be obtained by the use of a 4-hydrogen-bonds homocomplementary associating unit called ureipymidinone (UPy). By chemically grafting varying amount of this unit on a diamine, it is possible to obtain a partially-functionnalized epoxy-amine precursors. Theses precursors are characterized by different techniques highlighting the strong association of these systems and the formation of nanometric agregates. The presence of a urea close to UPy and also able to establish hydrogen bonds, promotes the aggregation of UPy entities forming multifunctional physical nodes. Materials exhibiting new and specific properties were obtained by making react the UPy-functionnalized precursors on a epoxy. While a crosslinked elastomer exhibits invariant viscoelastic behavior above Tg, the introduction of hydrogen-bonded units lead to a network constituted of both chemical and physical crosslinks, improving the material properties in the temperature range for which physical crosslinks exist. Moreover, the action of external stimuli can reversibly break the physical network. The reversible nature of these systems opens exciting perspectives in the area of intelligent materials
Soumaré, Sadia. "Conception, synthèse et caractérisation d'élastomères supramoléculaires et photo-modulation des propriétés mécaniques." Thèse, Université de Sherbrooke, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/6049.
Full textBaroudi, Imane. "Assemblages supramoléculaires entre des clusters thiométallique et polyoxométalliques et un biopolymère pour la construction de matériaux hybrides." Versailles-St Quentin en Yvelines, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013VERS0002.
Full textThe association of thiometalate or polyoxometalate with a biopolymer, gelatin, by a complex coacervation process leads to hybrid materials with promising properties. The coacervation process with various clusters was studied and we demonstrated that liquid-liquid phase depends on the charge, the size and the nature of the cluster. The coacervate characterization showed that the cluster’s integrity was maintained once in gelatin matrix. The study of the materials mechanical properties by tensile test showed that these coacervates present rubber-like behaviour. Finally, we managed to obtain through a layer-by-layer process modified glassy carbon electrodes with electrocatalytic activities
Kirakci, Kaplan. "Nouveaux halogénures et chalcohalogénures moléculaires à clusters de molybdène : des solides inorganiques aux assemblages supramoléculaires." Rennes 1, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006REN1S051.
Full textEvariste, Sloane. "Systèmes π-conjugués et assemblages supramoléculaires organophosphorés : synthèse et propriétés physico-chimiques." Thesis, Rennes 1, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016REN1S058/document.
Full textThis manuscript describes the synthesis and characterization of new molecular systems based on phosphorus atom: we developed and studied π-conjugated systems based on phosphole and secondly supramolecular assemblies with phosphine ligand have been studied. Firstly, an introduction to the phosphole chemistry (history, synthesis methods, integration into π-conjugated systems) is presented. The first chapter describes the synthesis and physico-chemical study of phospholes derivatives having an extended π-system for the development of orange-red emitters in organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs). Different molecular engineering involving the triple bond leads to modifications of the optical properties of the synthesized compounds by red-shifting their absorption and/or emission maxima. Chapter II describes the synthesis and the physical properties of complexes using phosphole based π-systems as linkers between two metal centers. New Fe (II), Pt (II) and Au (I) complexes have been developed and the electronic communication between the two metals is studied. The second part of the thesis work starts with a review on the emissive Cu(I) complexes. In Chapter III, are presented the syntheses, the structural and optical studies of new solid-state emissive supramolecular assemblies synthesized from pre-assembled Cu(I) molecular clips and stabilized by phosphine ligands (dppm or dpmp) with cyano ligands as linkers. Then in the final chapter new Cu(I) complexes are synthesized by using organic ligands with terminal nitrile functions as linkers. The solid-state luminescence properties of these new Cu(I) derivatives are studied according to their external environment and thermochromism, vapochromism and mechanochromism phenomena have been demonstrated for some of them
Stoeckel, Marc-Antoine. "Propriétés physico-chimiques et électroniques des interfaces supramoléculaires hybrides." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019STRAF002/document.
Full textThe work realized during this thesis was oriented toward the comprehension of the charge transport mechanism involved in organic electronics, and on the engineering of the semiconducting properties of hybrid supramolecular interfaces. Firstly, the intrinsic origin of the charge transport properties was studied for two semiconducting small molecules which are similar in terms of chemical structure but exhibit different electrical properties. Secondly, the electronic properties of 2D material were modulated with the help of self-assembled monolayers inducing antagonist doping properties. Finally, hybrid perovskites and semiconducting small molecules were used as active materials in oxygen and humidity sensing respectively, forming high-performance sensors. All the project employed the principles of the supramolecular chemistry in their realisation
Bakkar, Assil. "Conception de matériaux moléculaires commutables intégrant l'unité photochrome diméthyldihydropyrène." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017GREAV032/document.
Full textThis work deals with the design of molecular multifunctional photoswitchable systems incorporating dimethyldihydropyrene (DHP) photochromic unit and with their implantation and characterization in switchable devices.We show that a tetra pyridinium-appended DHP derivative displays interesting photoswitchable optical properties, emission and excitation fluorescence and electronic communication. Combining DHP pyridine-substituted ligand with porphyrin complex via axial coordination enhances the photoinduced DHP ring-opening reaction. Additionally, associating photoresponsive DHP unit with electron-responsive transition metal complexes confers additional redox properties to the resulting hybrid system. The DHP core photo-isomerization proceeds much more efficiently when the metal complexes and the DHP moiety are connected through pyridinium-bridge vs phenyl bridge. The resulting systems are used for the conception of new multi-addressable photo- and redox- switches. These assemblies are applied for the design of photoswitchable coordination polymers developed in solution or immobilized onto ITO. Photochromic films based on Zn2+ exhibit conductance properties that can be tuned optically and thermally according to the photostate of the photochromic unit. The DHP core associated with a pyrene entity and immobilized onto carbon nanotube electrode via -stacking acts as a switchable material. Finally, we report the possibility of controlling 1O2 production by light irradiation or by heating, of an ITO surface functionalized by pyridinium-substituted DHP derivatives. In the presence of dioxygen, this DHP derivative plays the role of an O2 sensitizer. The photogenerated 1O2 reacts with the open-ring isomer to afford the corresponding endoperoxyde species which then releases 1O2 thermally
Imaz, Inhar. "Sur la mise en œuvre de composés de coordination tétraédriques pour l'élaboration d'architectures supramoléculaires nanoporeuses : synthèse, caractérisation et propriétés zéolitiques d'édifices hétérométalliques ou hybrides." Bordeaux 1, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005BOR12956.
Full textTeyssandier, Joan. "Elaboration de réseaux supramoléculaires nanoporeux sur Au(111) par voie de solution : croissance dirigée et propriétés de nano-objets moléculaires et métalliques invités." Paris 7, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA077218.
Full textSurface nanostructuration at ultimate nanometric scale (0. 5 nm - 10 nm) requires new approaches to overcome current limitations of top-down processes such as lithography. An alternative way consists in using a host template, elaborated by a bottom-up approach, to direct the growth of nanostructures. Towards this goal» H-bonded nanoporous networks turn out to be robust enough to host various molecular and metallic guests, Several porous suprarnolecular networks have thus been elaborated using a solution-based protocol (Le, without using ultra-high vacuum). Pore size has been controlled through the design of molecular building blocks. Their structures have been revealed by STM and intermolecuiar interactions have been studied by infrared spectroscopy. These experimental characterizations have been coupled with theoretical calculations. Subsequently, various guest entities have been deposited in the pores, giving rise to networks of functional nanostructures. The confinement of an electroactive molecule (juglonethiol) permitted to highlight size-dependent electrochemical properties of molecular domains on the whole sample surface, Moreover, silver deposition in the network led to the creation of islands having plasmonic resonances generating enhanced Raman spectra (SERS)
Imaz, Inhar. "Sur la mise en oeuvre de composés de coordination tétraédriques pour l'élaboration d'architectures supramoléculaires nanoporeuses : synthèse, caractérisation et propriétés zéolitiques d'édifices hétérométalliques ou hybrides." Phd thesis, Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux I, 2005. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00010844.
Full textDu, Guangyan. "Micrometric contraction and extension of telescopic supramolecular polymers." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012STRAF030/document.
Full textOne of the targeted challenges in nanotechnologies consists in coupling together defined individual molecular motions for the production of macroscopic response. Herein we have developed for the first time innovative micrometric contraction and extension of telescopic supramolecular polymers. In particular, mechanically interlocked and switchable double threaded rotaxanes have been tailored with coordination functions and subsequently polymerized in the presence of metal ions. Characterizations by scattering techniques in solution reveal the formation of single-strand supramolecular polymer chains with very high molecular weight (up to 8 × 106 g.mol-1). The subsequent pH modulation triggers cooperative nano-contractions / extensions of the individual rotaxanes resulting in an amplified motion of the muscle-like supramolecular chains with changes of their contour lengths by several micrometers.In another example, consisting in a rotaxane monomer ended by pyridine bis-imide units which can form donor-acceptor-donor type H-bonding with an appropriate connector, we were able to combine several level of hierarchical organization. The acid / base titration process of the rotaxane and the corresponding polymer with the connector was studied by 1H NMR and neutron scattering. TEM studies showed the formation of bundles of fibers with a muscle-like aspect.This work represents the first example showing this synchronization of thousands of molecular machines to cross several length scales and as such, it is considered as a major step in supramolecular chemistry at its interface with nanotechnologies
Tamoto, Rumi. "Nano/micro auto-assemblages chiraux de tensioactifs cationiques : du comportement dynamique des architectures supramoléculaires jusqu’aux nanomatériaux hybrides." Thesis, Bordeaux 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011BOR14464/document.
Full textWe have studied the dynamic self-assembly behaviors of non-chiral cationic surfactants in thepresence of chiral counter-anion.When the chiral anionic nucleotides are added to cationic vesicles, morphology transitionoccurs and spherical vesicles transform in situ to micrometric helices.Other types of cationic surfactant, gemini surfactants form nanometric helical ribbons in thepresence of tartrate counter-anion. The shape and helicity of these self-assembled structurescan be controlled in situ by the variation of enantiomeric excess.In both cases, they form gels in water by creating extended networks of nanometric tomicrometric chiral fibers.Additionally, the organic nanohelices can be transcribed to 3D silica nanostructures via solgelpolycondensation. These silica nanohelices functionalized with amino group can interactstrongly with gold nanoparticles (1 ~ 20 nm). The 3D network of GNPs/silica-nanohelices canpotentially be used for SERS-based sensing applications such as ultra-sensitive chemical andbiological sensors in liquid phase
Montarnal, Damien. "Mise en œuvre de liaisons réversibles covalentes et non-covalentes pour de nouveaux matériaux polymères recyclables et retransformables." Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2011. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00694348.
Full textLannoy, Anthony. "Contribution des cyclodextrines au développement de systèmes photocatalytiques à base de TiO2 : applications à la dégradation de polluants organiques dans l'eau." Thesis, Artois, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014ARTO0408.
Full textPhotocatalysis is a promising advanced oxidation process (AOPs) to efficiently removing non biodegradable pollutants from atmosphere. Among photocatalysts, titanium dioxide (TiO2) remains certainly one of the most attractive materials because it is relatively inexpensive, nontoxic and photochemically stable. However, several factors such as wavelength of irradiation, the crystal phase composition, the surface area and the adsorption properties of the catalyst are likely to affect the hotocatalytic efficiency. The design of semiconductor metal oxide nanoparticles with tunable pore size and morphology andcontrollable composition is so important to create an efficient remediation process. To improve the photoactivity of the semi-conductor, several approaches have already been reported such as the combination of metallic or organic material to titanium dioxide. Cyclodextrins (CDs) are natural cyclic oligosaccharides derived from starch that can include in their hydrophobic cavity many organic compounds by host-guest interaction and thus increase the solubility of the guest. Taking advantage of their inclusion capacity, CDs can play a major role in catalytic processes. Numerous works involving the combined use of cyclodextrins and titanium dioxide have been reported but depending on the structure of the reactants and the reaction conditions, the CD may or may not improve the photocatalytic degradation of pollutants and it seems difficult to predict the effect of CDs on a photocatalytic process. To further understand the interactions between CD and TiO2 and to improve the performance of a photocatalytic remediation process, we studied the effect of different CDs on the properties of commercial or synthesized titanium dioxide nanoparticules. The performances of our catalysts were evaluated on thephotodegradation of two pollutants in aqueous phase: the toluene (VOC) and the phenoxyacetic acid (herbicide). This work has been divided into 3 parts: first we evaluated the impact of different CDs on the photocatalytic degradation of toluene in aqueous phase by a commercial titanium dioxide (P25). Then in a second part we investigated a template-directed colloidal self-assembly strategy for the production, in aqueous phase, of nanostructured TiO2 materials with tunable porosity and crystalline framework. The approach employs the supramolecular assemblies formed between a methylated β-cyclodextrin and the block copolymer P123 as soft templates and TiO2 nanocrystals as building blocks. Finally, we have investigated the possibility of using the cyclodextrin alone as soft templates for the preparation of a series of mesoporous titania materials with tunable properties The results show that a modified cyclodextrin can modulate the textural and structural parameters of TiO2 in order to maximize the degradation of phenoxyacetic acid in aqueous phase under near visible radiation. The incorporation of gold in our synthesis method has even increased the photocatalytic activity of our semi-conductor compared to the commercial P25 for an irradiation of 420 nm
Chabert, Erwan. "Matériaux composites à matrices vitrimère et polymère supramoléculaire." Thesis, Paris 6, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA066285/document.
Full textWe describe the use of two polymer matrixes with unusual properties for long glass fibres reinforced composite materials and fully organic composites. Vitrimers, recently discovered in the Soft Matter and Chemistry laboratory constitute a new class of polymers as they can exhibit high mechanical strength and are insoluble even at high temperatures like thermosets and yet, like thermoplastics, they are heat processable, recyclable and weldable. The question arises whether this welding property is maintained in composite materials made of more than 50vol% of reinforcing fibres. We quantitatively and statistically analyze the bond strength of lapshear vitrimer composite joints autogenously welded by heat and compare the results to comparable joints of standard thermoset epoxy. It is demonstrated that only vitrimer samples show substantial bond strength and the ability to be repeatedly welded thanks to the exchange reactions that promote both bonding between the adherands and the decrease of surface roughness at the joint interface. This opens the way towards joining composite parts without adhesives or mechanical fasteners. We also explore a composite system made of woven glass fibres and of a matrix base on supramolecular semi-crystalline polyamides that have been developed in the SMC laboratory. Their very low melt viscosity is an asset to envision improved manufacturing and recycling methods. As a proof of concept, composite material pieces have been subjected to a high temperature water treatment. We show the complete recovery of both the neat woven glass fibers plies and the matrix. Finally, we show that actuators can be made from bilaminar vitrimers
Flores, Jean-Charles. "Ingénierie moléculaire et supramoléculaire d'oligo (phénylènethienylène) S π-conjugués." Montpellier 2, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005MON20038.
Full textNagy, Zsuzsanna tamara. "Synthesis of self-organized dendrimers and dendronized nanohybrids and their physical properties." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012STRAE020/document.
Full textThe need to expand further the range of mesomorphic organization, develop original materials where different functionalities can be added (i.e. multifunctional), and to design “multitask materials” with tunable properties are particularly interesting and crucial challenges for potential uses in future technologies. On the one hand, we focused on the design and synthesis of multifunctional materials (liquid crystalline, dendritic, photoresponisve) which are suitable for making thin films where photoinduced optical anisotropy and surface relief gratings can be generated. The mesomorphic behaviour of these dendrimers was investigated and also their optical properties. On the other hand, we grafted structurally related protodendritic mesogenic ligands to monodisperse gold nanoparticles to elaborate liquid crystalline hybrids in order to self-organize NPs in periodic arrays. A set of dendronized gold nanohybrids was synthesized to carry out this study
Vidil, Thomas. "Contrôle du procédé d'élaboration et des propriétés d'un matériau époxy via la chimie supramoléculaire." Thesis, Paris 6, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA066142.
Full textControlling the pot life and the gelation of epoxy resins is a crucial issue in thermosets processing. In this study, we report about the control of the gel time (tgel) and the gel conversion (xgel) for the cationic polymerization of commercial epoxy resins. To this end, hydroxyl additives are used as chain transfer agent to control xgel. Concurrently, oligo(ethylene oxide) additives are used to vary tgel as a result of the supramolecular complexation of the anilinium cations responsible for the polymerization’s initiation. We show that the combination of these two control levers enables the exploration of a wide range of tgel and xgel values. When a cyclic oligo(ethylene oxide) (18-crown-6) is used, anilinium cations are stabilized on very long period as a result of strong host-guest interactions. In absence of transfer agent, a slight increase of temperature is enough to observe the dissociation of the anilinium•18-crown-6 complex and the fast initiation of polymerization. The anilinium•18-crown-6 complex can be isolated and used as a thermoresponsive initiator presenting a high apparent activation energy. When used in combination with hydroxyl additives, a temperature increase results in a long delay of polymerization followed by the rapid completion of the material’s reticulation. By varying the composition of the initial mixture it is possible to tailor the duration of the polymerization’s delay. Thus, the resulting system is programmable and exhibits a clock like behavior. This chemistry is then extended to the copolymerization of diepoxy and monoepoxy resins to control the crosslink’s density of the material and thus, the properties of the final networks
Le, Duc Yann. "Auto-assemblage supramoléculaire de canaux ioniques vers des matériaux membranaires et des capteurs électro-chimiques macro-organisés." Thesis, Montpellier 2, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010MON20196/document.
Full textThe main objective of this study concerns the contribution of supramolecular chemistry at different level of membrane science. During the first part of our work, we have studied the dynamic self-organizing capacities of bolaform molecules. Different characterization techniques allowed us to define different structures, including ion or water channels for some of them. Transport capacities of those self-assembling molecules through lipid bilayers have been determined by several tests. Another study is about the use of a hydrophobic environment, by supramolecular interactions such as Van der Waals forces, to confine new functionalization inside mesoporous materials. Different materials, which use is determined by the confined molecules, have been obtained and characterized by several analysis methods. Furthermore, we have studied and optimized the use of electrodeposited silice materials on electrodes surface, then functionalized by alkyl groups, to form electrochemical captors by studying specifically the fullerene case
Milani, Roberto. "Matériaux à base de phosphazènes chlorés pour la fonctionnalisation de surface, la synthèse de précurseurs monomères et la chimie supramoléculaire." Thesis, Lille 1, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008LIL10013/document.
Full textTo the research described in this thesis two principal topics of studies have been performed: - the use ofhexachlorocyc1otriphosphazene (HCCP) and poly(dichlorophosphazène) (PDCP) as coupling agents for the surface functionalization of solid substrates (inorganic materials containing organic silicon and polymerie materials), - The synthesis of phosphazenic compounds as new materials exhibiting the supramolecular structures
Volostnykh, Marina. "Porphyrinylphosphonates : de la synthèse aux matériaux." Thesis, Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017UBFCK044.
Full textA family of porphyrins bearing the meso-diethoxyphosphoryl group directly attached to the porphyrin macrocycle was prepared in fairly good yields (55-70%) according the Pd-catalyzed coupling of 10-bromo-5,15-diarylporphyrins with diethyl phosphite. Experimental procedures for their complexation with different metal ions (Zn(II), Mg(II), Ni(II), Cu(II), Pd(II), Ru(II), Pt(II), Ga(III), In(III), Mn(III), Sn(IV)) have been developed. Next, their selective hydrolysis into meso-porphyrinylphosphonic acids or their monoesters has been investigated. Saponification of the diesters proceeds selectively in THF/MeOH mixture at 60 °C affording corresponding monoesters in high yields. To prepare porphyrinylphosphonic acids, the most convenient route is a two-step, one-pot procedure involving the treatment of porphyrins with TMSBr followed by addition of MeOH.The structures of seven complexes were characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. In the solid state, both alkyl and dialkyl porphyrinylphosphonates form supramolecular assemblies through the axial coordination of the phosphoryl oxygen atom of one porphyrin molecule to the metal center of adjacent molecule. The influence of the nature of metal ions and substituents at the tetrapyrrolic macrocycles on the crystal organization was explored and several unusual biomimetic supramolecular systems were obtained. Structural studies of self-assemblies in solution by means of NMR spectroscopy revealed that Sn(IV) complexes with monoester of meso-porphyrinylphosphonic acids form stable dimeric species through M…OP(O)(OEt) binding of two laterally shifted porphyrin molecules.Next, synthetic approaches to hybrid organo-inorganic materials based on porphyrins bearing phosphonate anchoring groups have been investigated. Covalent grafting of Ru(II), Mn(III) and Sn(IV) complexes with porphyrins onto a surface of mesoporous titanium dioxide through phosphonate anchoring group was developed. The catalytic properties of titania-supported Mn(III) porphyrin in the epoxidation of alkenes by molecular oxygen in the presence of isobutiraldehyde was explored. The possibility of catalyst recycling was demonstrated using the oxidation of cyclooctene as a model reaction.Porous molecular hybrid materials based on titanium dioxide and 5,10,15,20-tetrakis[p-(diethoxyphosphoryl)phenyl]porphyrins have been also prepared by the sol-gel process in organic solvents. The hybrid material based on the metal free porphyrin change the colour in air due to the protonation of the tetrapyrrolic macrocycle by the traces of water
Cristian, Alina. "Systèmes moléculaires et matériaux structurés pour la conduction ionique et le transport d’eau." Thesis, Montpellier, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015MONTS114/document.
Full textThe aim of this work is the study of ion and water transport either across bilayer membranes or polymeric membranes used for reverse osmosis. In the first part, this transport through self-assembled synthetic systems was studied; the transport selectivity is in strong relation with the supramolecular structure, formed by weak intra and intermolecular bonds. Ion transport is studied by fluorescence spectroscopy and water transport is studied by light scattering using “stopped flow” technique. The objective is to obtain systems that could imitate transport functions of biomolecules as transmembrane proteins. This functional mimicry is achieved through self-assembly of organic molecules containing imidazole cycle and urea function that can self-assembly and form selective pathways for ion transport. To create the equivalent of the cell membrane, we used unilamellar lipid vesicles. Then, we determined a structure - transport activity relationship for a series of synthesized compounds. For the second part of this work we described the fabrication and the characterization of new thin film composite membranes for water desalination that can present a good balance between permeability and salt rejection. A series of hydrazides as molecular precursors was synthesized in order to replace the metaphenylene diamine (MPD), classically used. Again, hydrogen bonds play an important role, because the rejection is due to a high cross-linking. The polymers synthesized by interfacial polymerization were characterized by infrared spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, and X-Ray diffraction. The membrane films were characterized by scanning electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy and contact angle measurements. Membrane performances were then tested in cross-flow filtration of water and saline solutions
Merkas, Sonja. "Oligonucléotides à Porphyrines Pendantes : vers des Nano-Matériaux Multi-Porphyriniques Auto-Assemblés." Phd thesis, Université Paul Sabatier - Toulouse III, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00259102.
Full textDans le but d'organiser des porphyrines dans l'espace de façon similaire au système naturel, un squelette oligonucléotidique a été choisi pour l'élaboration de nanosystèmes multi-porphyriniques. C'est dans cette optique que nous avons réalisé la synthèse d'oligodeoxynucléotides fonctionnalisés par des porphyrines. La préparation de ces systèmes est fondée sur l'oligomérisation en O-3'et O-5' d'un dérivé de la 2'-deoxyuridine fonctionnalisé par une porphyrine. L'architecture de ces systèmes a été dessinée sur la base de liaisons rigides et souples. Dans le but d'imposer par la conformation de la chaîne oligonucléotidique une organisation parallèle aux porphyrines, ces dernières sont greffées en C-5 de l'uracile par un espaceur rigide et les uridines reliées entre elles par une liaison souple. Un mono-, un di-, un tetra- et un octa-deoxynucléotides à porphyrines pendantes ont notamment été synthétisés.
Un agencement approprié des porphyrines base-libre et métallées au Zn(II) au sein du fil moléculaire oligonucléotidique a permis de mettre en évidence un transfert d'énergie de l'état excité de la porphyrine de Zn(II) vers les porphyrines base-libre. On observe une nette contribution de la porphyrine de Zn(II) à l'émission des porphyrines base-libre.
La série des oligonucléotides a été métallée au Zn(II) dans le but d'examiner l'effet du degré d'oligomérisation de ces architectures moléculaires sur leur capacité de complexation de bases bidendates telle que le DABCO. Nous avons pu montrer que la coordination de DABCO est favorisée au fur et à mesure de l'élévation du degré d'oligomérisation grâce à la pré-organisation conformationnelle qui s'instaure au sein du squelette oligonucléotidique.
Enfin, nous nous sommes intéressés à l'auto-assemblage par liaisons hydrogène que peut établir la base nucléique uracile avec un synton complémentaire telle que la triazine fonctionnalisée par des porphyrines. Des études quantitatives de stabilisation des architectures supramoléculaires ont mis en évidence des interactions intermoléculaires secondaires de type p-p entre les porphyrines au sein du complexe supramoléculaire formé.
Piot, Madeleine. "Auto-assemblages d'hybrides de polyoxométallates par coordination dirigée." Thesis, Sorbonne université, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SORUS342.
Full textDevelopment of nanostructured materials is a challenge in several fields, such as information technologies or catalysis. Bottom-up synthesis is the formation of these materials through self-assembly of molecular building blocks. Reversible interactions between those elements leads to development of supramolecular structures which dimensionnality and shape are controlled by buiding blocks topology. Especially coordination chemistry is a relevant tool for this purpose. Polyoxometalates are anionic nano-oxoclusters composed of high oxydation state transition metals. Their redox properties make them attractive, but they need to be shaped. Their functionnalisation into organic-inorganic hybrids allow us to graft coordinating functions onto their inorganic skeleton. It’s a good way to self-assemble them, controlling dimensionality of the final assembly. This thesis presents synthesis of hybrid polyoxometalates presenting one, two or three coordinating arms, and their self-assembly through coordination to appropriate metallic ions. Linear, macrocyclic and bidimensionnal assemblies have been developped and characterised. Moreover, in some cases, thanks to anionic nature of polyoxometalates, formation of hierarchical structures have been observed and studied
Lacombe, Jérémie. "Organisation multi-échelle de matériaux polymères contrôlée par la chimie aux interfaces." Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PSLET012.
Full textMaterials properties very often derive from their nano or micro-scale organization. In this thesis, we evidence that controlling the chemistry at the interfaces allows obtaining spontaneously very regular organizations in various polymer materials.In the first part, supramolecular chemistry has been used to control the organization in the bulk of polymer grafted at one or both extremities by thymine (Thy) or 2,6-diamino-1,3,5-triazine (DAT), two self-complementary supramolecular units interacting via hydrogen bonds. Whatever the polymer nature (PE, PDMS, PPG), materials present very regular nanoscale long-range ordered lamellar organizations if the end group crystallize (Thy) and/or the chain crystallize (PE). Respective contributions to these organizations of phase segregation, crystallization, supramolecular interactions and secondary interactions have been determined. It was shown that the confinement of chains in lamellae prevent the formation of high molecular weight chains, resulting in poor mechanical properties. However, Thy/DAT interactions allow creating supramolecular block copolymers by mixing incompatible chains functionalized with these units.In the second part, we have studied the spontaneous formation of patterns at the film surface of acrylate film during their photopolymerization under air. This phenomenon occurs if there is a balance at the film surface between the polymerization and the oxygen inhibition rates. Very regular microscale patterns (hexagons, lamellae, peanuts) have been generated by controlling some experimental parameters (UV intensity, initiator concentration) for a wide range of film thicknesses (6 µm – 2 mm). Self-patterning gives interesting optical properties to the films (haze, clarity) which can be modulated by adjusting the patterns wavelength and amplitude
Shen, Wenting. "Supramolecular assembly of π-systems using bimetallic CuI-clip bearing organophosporous ligands : control of the sold state organization in crystals and on surfaces." Rennes 1, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010REN1S078.
Full textThe versatility of (CuI)2-clip bearing organophosphorous ligands in order to control the solid state organization of a variety of π-stacked supramolecular assemblies with cyano-capped π-systems has been investigated in this work. The Chapter I presents the results we had in order to build various π-stacked supramolecular analogues of [2,2]paracyclophanes based on fully π-conjugated linkers having different nature and topology. In the Chapter II and Chapter III, we present investigations we made focused on structural variation of the π-systems. We introduce “flexible” aliphatic chains in the core of the π-conjugated linkers to investigate the role of the π-systems to obtain long range π-stacked organization (Chapter II) and use monotopic π-conjugated systems (Chapter III). The last chapter presents the preliminary AFM studies of organization on surfaces of some of the π-stacked assemblies described in this work
Chatelet, Bastien. "Aspects non usuels de la chimie des azaphosphatranes et proazaphosphatranes : application en organocatalyse." Phd thesis, Ecole normale supérieure de lyon - ENS LYON, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01070639.
Full textCorvis, Yohann. "Auto-assemblage d'une protéine fongique, l'hydrophobine SC3, aux interfaces : Applications à l'élaboration de surfaces catalytiques." Nancy 1, 2005. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/SCD_T_2005_0187_CORVIS.pdf.
Full textThe work performed in this thesis allowed understanding of the interfacial self-assembly of a fungal protein, SC3 hydrophobin, at a deeper mechanistic level. These fundamental studies were the starting point of an applied research on the possibilities of using hydrophobin as an agent retaining different molecules on solid surfaces. It was shown that enzymes, fullerene, calixarene and cyclodextrin derivatives could be immobilized on carbon, platinum, polytetrafluoroethylene, polystyrene or stainless steel surfaces, yielding functional materials. Moreover, it was shown that the SC3 hydrophobin with eight cystein sulfhydryl groups oxidized to sulfonates chelates cupric ions. The SC3-CuII incorporated in a lipid cubic phase deposited on electrodes formed a reversible, biomimetic redox system. The results obtained in this work show a way to easily manufacture stable surfaces with possible applications in electro-optical switching and electrochemical sensing
De, Smet Lieselot. "Création de systèmes polymères intelligents utilisant le cyclobis(paraquat-p-phénylène) et le cyclobis(paraquat-4,4'-biphénylène)." Thesis, Lille 1, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020LIL1R006.
Full textThe development of smart or intelligent polymeric materials has gained a lot of attention over the past decades. Smart materials are described as materials that are capable of altering their properties and functions in response to small external environmental changes such as fluctuations in temperature. Within this rapidly advancing field, supramolecular chemistry, including host-guest complexation, has emerged as a powerful tool for the creation of these responsive materials due to their dynamic, reversible and adaptive nature towards external stimuli. These host-guest inclusion complexes consist mostly of a macrocyclic host molecule which can interact in a highly controlled and selective manner with one or more smaller guest molecules, via both random non-covalent interactions and specific three-dimensional spatial arrangements. The integration of these dynamic supramolecular assemblies into conventional polymer chemistry through the incorporation of either the macrocyclic host or, mostly, the electron rich guest has allowed us to develop the next generation advanced materials in a less time-consuming way. In this PhD thesis macrocyclic host molecule cyclobis(paraquat-p-phenylene) and cyclobis(paraquat-4,4’-biphenylene) were incorporated in hydrophilic polymer systems (homopolymers, hydrogels) in a reversible manner. For thermoresponsive hydrogel systems, it was shown that they were able to remember how long they were exposed to a certain external temperature change. The complexation of these cyclophanes are accompagnied with a visible color change allowing the use of these materials for sensor applications
Pasco, Hélène. "When 19th century painters prepared organic-inorganic hybrid gels : physico-chemical study of « gumtions »." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2019. https://accesdistant.sorbonne-universite.fr/login?url=https://theses-intra.sorbonne-universite.fr/2019SORUS296.pdf.
Full textMediums were used by painters in order to modify the texture and drying properties of their paint. During the 19th century, British artists developed a particular medium made of siccative oil, mastic resin and lead acetate trihydrate. The so-called “gumtions” form gel-like materials in a relatively short time, outperforming the existing paint media. This thesis contributes unveiling the chemical processes involved in the formation and ageing of gumtions. As a first step, we focused on mastic resin since it is a key component for the preparation of gumtion. The triterpenic fraction of the resin was identified and quantified using GC and GC/MS. Moreover, we took advantage of Spectroscopic Ellipsometry so as to study the optical properties of varnish thin films as well as their behaviour (swelling) under various atmospheres. Then, we reproduced historical recipes that helped us afterwards to define simplified formulations to deepen the understanding of the chemical interactions between the gel components, made of oleanolic acid (commercial triterpenoid) and a lead compound (acetate or oxide). They were investigated at dierent scales by spectroscopic (FTIR, MASNMR) and supramolecular analyses (Cryo-TEM, SAXS). The use of these complementary techniques gives an overview of the gel’s structure and formation: rapidly, a coordination complex is formed between lead and the carboxylic acid moieties of the triterpenoids, that organizeinto2Dobjectsleadingtothesolid-likebehaviorofthematerial. After few months ageing, we observed the self-assembly of crystalline nanoparticles into lamellar structures, witnessing the dynamic occurring in the material even after gelation.bly of crystalline nanoparticles into lamellar structures, witnessing the dynamic occurring in the material even after gelation
Mazaleyrat, Estelle. "Croissance, structure et propriétés électroniques du graphène épitaxié sur rhénium, vers une plateforme bidimensionnelle et supraconductrice." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019GREAY079.
Full textThe realization of graphene-based hybrid structures, where graphene is associated with other materials, offers a promising avenue for testing a variety of phenomena. In particular, one can induce properties in graphene by proximity effects. Here, the targeted graphene-based system consists of a quasi free-standing graphene platform with induced superconducting character and in close vicinity to magnetic impurities. According to recent theoretical articles, such a sample could exhibit unconventional Yu-Shiba-Rusinov (YSR) states.Although the targeted graphene-based system was not fabricated yet, we have addressed, with the help of surface science tools, all three ingredients required for its realization (quasi-free standing graphene, induced superconducting character and proximity to magnetic impurities).As previously demonstrated, graphene can be rendered superconducting by growing it directly on top of a superconducting material such as rhenium. Structural aspects related to graphene grown on Re(0001) were investigated. In particular, we showed that increasing the number of annealing cycles positively contributes to growing high-quality extended graphene domains. The structure of a surface rhenium carbide, which constitutes a usually ill-characterized object, was studied as well.Additionnally, a defect appearing as a depression in the nanorippled structure of graphene on strongly interacting metals such as Re(0001) and Ru(0001) was investigated and ascribed to stacking faults either in graphene or in the metal substrate.Using superconducting graphene grown on Re(0001) as a starting point for the fabrication of the targeted graphene-based system, we recovered the quasi free-standing character of graphene (lost due to its strong interaction with the rhenium substrate) via intercalation of sub-monolayer to few layers of gold atoms. A high density of defects observed in gold-intercalated graphene on Re(0001) was attributed to the intercalation process itself. Besides, we demonstrated that the rhenium-induced superconducting character in graphene was not affected by gold intercalation. At this point, two of the three requirements for realizing the targeted graphene-based system were fulfilled.Provided that we bring magnetic impurities in close proximity to such a sample, few-nanometers extended YSR states could be observed. Preliminary results involving two original magnetic verdazyl compounds were presented, one of which was deposited on a model system, namely Cu(111). Before turning to quasi-free standing superconducting graphene as a hosting material for these magnetic compounds, further investigations on model systems are needed. Indeed, we could not resolve the precise structure of the molecular assemblies covering the Cu(111) surface yet, and the thermal stability of the compounds was discussed
Abdulaeva, Inna. "Imidazoporphyrines fonctionnalisées et leurs applications en catalyse." Thesis, Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017UBFCK053/document.
Full textA broad series of functionalized imidazo[4,5-b]porphyrins was synthesized by the acid-catalyzed condensation of 2,3-dioxo-5,10,15,20-tetraarylchlorins with aromatic aldehydes. Both steric and electronic features of meso-aryl substituents influence on the product yield ranging from 18% to 90%.Single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis of the structure of zinc(II) 5,10,15,20-tetramesityl-2-(4-pyridyl)-1H-imidazo[4,5-b]porphyrinate showed that this compound forms 1D coordination chains in the solid state.The post-synthetic modifications of imidazo[4,5-b]porphyrins were investigated by performing the Suzuki-Miyaura coupling reaction, preparing water-soluble imidazoporphyrins and linear/angular bis(imidazo)porphyrins.Several methods of grafting of imidazoporphyrins on the surface of mesoporous TiO2 and ZrO2 were investigated to prepare hybrid materials for catalysis.Then, it was demonstrated that indium(III) 5,10,15,20-tetramesityl-2-(4-diethoxyphospho-rylphenyl)-1H-imidazo[4,5-b]porphyrinate catalyzes the photooxidation of sulfides to sulfoxides by oxygen from air. This complex grafted on TiO2 surface was efficient as a reusable catalyst in spite of partial (1%) leaching of imidazoporphyrin in solution. TiO2-supported manganese(III) 5,10,15,20-tetramesityl-2-(4-diethoxyphosphoryl-phenyl)-1H-imidazo[4,5-b]porphyrinate was employed for catalytic oxidation of a broad range of sulfides by pure oxygen in the presence of isobutyraldehyde. All sulfoxides were obtained in high yields (>89%). The catalyst was reused in 7 consecutive cycles without loss of its efficiency and selectivity. Leaching of the catalyst was not observed under studied conditions
Bac, Alain. "Nouveaux matériaux organophiles filmogènes à squelette inorganique : application à l'extraction par pervaporation de composés organiques en solution aqueuse." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996INPL050N.
Full textMuraille, Loïc. "Comportement physicochimique des polymères pariétaux à l’échelle supramoléculaire dans des assemblages bioinspirés de la paroi végétale : application à la fibre native." Thesis, Reims, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014REIMS039.
Full textDue to environmental context, the exploitation of lignocellulosic ressources in the elaboration of composite materials has currently a growing interest. Beside traditional uses (paper, textiles…), lignocellulosic ressources constitute a sustainable alternative to fossils ressources for the production of biofuels and fiber-based agrocomposites. However, optimization of the performance of fiber composites requires a multi-scale study of the physicochemical and mechanical properties of the fibers and of their constitutive polymers and their interactions. To this end, the first goal of the thesis is to measure at nanometric scale, the gradient of the mechanical and physicochemical properties of plant fibers using two AFM-based techniques aiming at the mapping of nanomechanical and IR spectral properties. Then, in order to better understand the role of the polymers and of their interactions on the fibers' properties, bioinspired systems have been designed with three main lignocellulosic polymers while achieving in covalent and non-covalent interactions between the polymers (especially between polysaccharides and lignin)
Goursaud, Matthieu. "Contribution to the development of nano-systems for the recognition of fluoride in water." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/209378.
Full textMost of the synthetic systems reported for fluoride recognition have been extensively studied in organic solvents (DMSO, acetonitrile) using tetrabutylammonium fluoride (TBAF) as the source of fluoride. In many cases, titra- tion behaviours are observed that cannot be ascribed to a classical 1:1 binding isotherm, deprotonation problems of Brønsted-Lowry acid type of receptors aside. In the first part of our thesis we investigated, using a uranyl-salophen re- ceptor which recognizes fluoride via Lewis Acide/Base interactions, the origin of the unusual titration behaviour. Via UV/vis, 19F and 1H NMR spectroscopies, we have been able to highlight that the equilibrium between the fluoride and the corresponding bihalide ion, HF−2 ,which is inevitably generated along with the hydroxide anion in situ due to trace amounts of water, can be at the ori- gin of this singular behaviour. Our results put to light that when undertaking titrations with fluoride in DMSO, the fluoride–bihalide equilibrium can affect the data and that the latter species can even be the dominating species at low TBAF concentrations. When varying the solvent from DMSO to acetonitrile, the s-shape titration curves observed by UV/vis are no longer observed for the uranyl-salophene receptor that we studied. The fluoride-bifluoride equilibrium is still present but both of the anions generated in this process are recognised by the uranyl-salophene receptor with similar affinity constants above 10^6 M−1.
The second part of our work was devoted to finding ways to solubilize anion receptors that are efficient in organic solvents, into an aqueous environment. Two approaches were investigated: (i) grafting of the receptors onto silica nanoparticles and (ii) the micellar incorporation of the receptors. For the first strategy, we developed two silylated urea-based receptors. These receptors were first studied in organic solvents (DMSO and/or acetonitrile) where they showed selectivity, among halides, towards fluoride. Once grafted on the silica nanoparticles, due to the fact that hydroxyl groups and solvent molecules are present in the silica matrix, fluoride recognition was not possible.
We explored it with different simple H-bond based urea receptors in the second srategy. With the cationic surfactants, cetyl trimethyl ammonium chloride and bromide, the counter-ions of the micelles interfere with the fluoride recognition. With the neutral surfactant triton X-100, the incorporation of the anion receptors proved to be difficult. Moreover, the variations observed in the UV/vis spectra upon titrations were too small to be able to make any conclusions about fluoride recognition.
Doctorat en Sciences de l'ingénieur
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
Mirabaud, Anaïs. "Développement d'une chimie hôte-invité pour la valorisation du CO2 via une catalyse éco-compatible." Thesis, Lyon, École normale supérieure, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015ENSL1052/document.
Full textThe utilization of carbon dioxide (CO2) as a key component in organic transformations has recently drawn much attention as a greener alternative to fossil fuel based resources. The objectives of this work aim at studying the synthesis of cyclic carbonates from the coupling of CO2 with epoxide. Numerous catalysts have been proposed for this reaction among which the ammonium halides providing the nucleophile to initiate the reaction by opening the epoxide. Herein, we propose a new approach based on host-guest chemistry, to improve catalytic reactivity by increasing the nucleophilicity of the halide anion. For this purpose, cavitand molecular receptors able to bind quaternary ammonium ions are used, releasing the anionic nucleophile for the initial epoxide ring-opening reaction. At CO2 atmospheric pressure, our catalytic systems demonstrated a great potential by the dramatic activation of tetramethylammonium halides, whereas when used alone, these catalysts had never shown any activity. The influence of the cavitand structure was investigated through experiments run under 10 bar of CO2 pressure, and revealed that a double activation was possible with cavitand bearing Brönsted acidic hydroxyl functions and optimal recognition properties. The heterogeneization of such catalytic systems was finally studied with the grafting of either ammoniums or cavitands on silica based materials
Melan, Caroline. "Chiralité hélicoïdale (supra)moléculaire dans les tetrathiafulualènes." Thesis, Angers, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015ANGE0016/document.
Full textIn this work, we have been interested in two different topics to make chiral conducting materials: the synthesis of TTF-helicenes, with molecular helical chirality, as well as the formation of three-fold symmetry molecules based on TTF units able to self-assemble into supramolecular helical aggregates. For the TTF-helicenes, several lengths of helicenes are considered in order to form stable and separable enantiomers. They are characterized by X-ray diffraction just as the salts that are obtained by electrocrystallization. Moreover, a theoretical study of the photocyclisation reaction of stilbenes into helicenes was performed to understand its regioselectivity. The three-fold symmetry molecules are composed of a BTA-DABP core on which TTF with chiral substituents are fixed. The assembly into columnar aggregates is followed by CD and the fibers formed are observed by microscopy in order to determine their helicity. Variation of the core and the substituents are made
De, Bernardin Paolo. "Preparation and physico-chemical characterization of supramolecular fluoride receptors based on uranyl-salophen complexes incorporated within micelles." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/209671.
Full textchallenging species to recognize in water.
Uranyl-salophen receptors have shown to be good receptors for this anion in organic solvents due to their hard Lewis acid character which makes them good binders for the hard Lewis base fluoride. However they are not water soluble.
The incorporation of uranyl-salophen receptors 1-3 within cationic micelles (CTABr and CTACl) will make them “water-compatible” and give us the possibility to study the behaviour of these system in water. The 3 receptors shown
in figure 1 were studied in this thesis. Preliminary work had already been reported on receptor 1 in CTABr micelles. Binding affinities studies showed that these receptors have binding constants for fluoride of the order of 104 M−1 which is two orders of magnitude higher than
the value obtained for the same receptors in a less competitive solvent such as methanol. This suggests that the micellar environment has an effect, not only on the solubility of the receptors in water, but also for the binding process.
Physico-chemical studies were undertaken on the system in order to obtain some structural informations. Dynamic Light Scattering experiments showed an increase in the size of the CTABr micelles upon receptor’s incorporation but not on the CTACl ones.
NMR studies, including chemical shift variation measurements, nOe and Paramagnetic Relaxation Enhancement (PRE) experiments, were undertaken in order to analyse the location and orientation of the receptors in the micelles. Results indicate that receptor 1 is located at the micellar surface, in CTABr micelles and a little deeper in CTACl micelles, orienting the receptors binding site towards the exterior of the micelle. Receptor 2 is more buried inside the micelles compared to receptor 1 but with a similar orientation. Receptor 3 is the most deeply buried
in the micelles, and the experiments suggests that no preferential orientation is adopted.
A systematic study of the factors affecting PRE measurements was also undertaken showing the dependency of this measurements on the surfactant concentration, the nature of the counterion and the ionic force. A method, based on the normalization of the relaxivity values to the value obtained for the micelle polar head is proposed in order to avoid all the variations due to the experimental conditions and thus enabling the comparison of different systems.
Doctorat en Sciences de l'ingénieur
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished