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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Materiel de cartographie'
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1
LLUCH, DIDIER. "Les unites a materiel sedimentaire supra-"schistes lustres" de saint florent et de macinaggio (corse du nord)." Toulouse 3, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989TOU30029.
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Les unites tectoniques a materiel sedimentaire exempt de metamorphisme alpin de la corse du nord sont considerees, soit d'origine interne par rapport au domaine ophiolitique ligure, soit d'origine interne. Les leves cartographiques ont permis de mettre en evidence differentes sous-unites dont le materiel est issu d'autant de zones paleogeographiques distinctes. Les donnees structurales permettent de distinguer trois phases de deformation: ante-eocene distensive, eocene ou oligocene cisaillante, post-nappes
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Kuna, Marine. "Mise en oeuvre du calorimètre électromagnétique d'ATLAS et de la reconstruction des électrons avec les premières données du collisssionneur de protons LHC. Détermination du potentiel d découverte d'un boson de jauge lourd chargé W^(' )→ev." Phd thesis, Université de la Méditerranée - Aix-Marseille II, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00522254.
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En ce début d'année 2010, le collisionneur de protons LHC a commencé son fonctionnement avec une énergie dans le centre de masse de s = 7 TeV, faisant du CERN le laboratoire abritant le plus puissant accélérateur de particules au monde. La nouvelle fenêtre d'observation offerte par cette machine offre aux physiciens la possibilité d'observer des phénomènes physiques encore inconnus et détendre nos connaissances sur le fonctionnement de l'univers. Parmi les expériences placées sur l'anneau du LHC se trouve l'expérience généraliste ATLAS, dont les objectifs de physique comprennent la complétion du Modèle Standard de la physique des parti- cules par la découverte du boson de Higgs, la mesure des propriétés du quark top, mais également la mise à l'épreuve de théories comme la sup er-symétrie, les modèles de grande unification et de dimensions supplémentaires. Le chapitre 1 illustrera l'état des connaissances théoriques en physique subatomique avant le nouvel éclairage que le LHC a la vocation de lui app orter, tandis que le chapitre 2 décrira l'exp érience ATLAS sur lequel repose le travail effectué pendant cette thèse. L'exploitation des données d'un collisionneur de hadrons n'est cependant pas aisée, et la réduction du bruit QCD est un des enjeux majeurs des expériences placées auprès du LHC. Dans cet environnement hadronique, la maîtrise des leptons est cruciale. Leur signature relativement simple et leur présence dans des canaux de découvertes importants sont des atouts pour la recherche de nouvelle physique. L'électron, sa reconstruction, son identication, sa mise en oeuvre et celle du calorimètre électromagnétique qui est un sous-détecteur crucial pour sa mesure a été le conducteur de ma thèse qui se découpe comme suit. La reconstruction de l'électron commence dans le calorimètre électromagnétique
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Lafond, Clément. "Cartographie d’orientations cristallines à partir du contraste de canalisation en microscopie électronique à balayage." Thesis, Lyon, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020LYSEI031.
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Les cartographies d’orientations cristallines sont aujourd’hui un outil incontournable de la caractérisation des matériaux cristallins, notamment des métaux. Les cartographies d’orientations permettent entre autre de quantifier la nature et la taille de phases en présence, l’état de déformation ou la texture. Ce travail de thèse porte sur le développement d’une technique de cartographie des orientations basée sur l’analyse de contrastes du au phénomène de canalisation. Ces contrastes sont obtenus par imagerie aux électrons rétrodiffusés dans un Microscope Electronique à Balayage. La méthode se nomme eCHORD, pour electron CHanneling Orientation Determination. Dans un premier temps, la preuve de concept de la méthode est présentée sur un alliage d’aluminium et l’influence des paramètres d’acquisition est détaillée. Puis, deux problématiques particulières sont abordées : la cartographie d’échantillons de grandes tailles, ainsi que la cartographie à basse tension (1kV). La méthode eCHORD présente de grands intérêts pour l’analyse de matériaux peu conducteurs, habituellement très difficiles à cartographier avec les techniques actuelles, et ouvre de grandes perspectives pour l’étude de matériaux céramiques notammentCrystalline orientation mapping is a key tool in material characterization, in particular for metals. For instance, orientation mapping allows to quantify the nature and size of phases in the presence, deformation state or texture. This thesis work focuses on the development of an orientation mapping approach based on the analysis of the electron channeling contrast. This contrast is obtained from electron back-scaterred imaging in a Scanning Electron Microscope. This method is called eCHORD for electron CHanneling Orientation Determination. First, the proof of concept of eCHORD is presented on an aluminum alloy and the influence of acquisition parameters is detailed. Then, two problematics are addressed: large scale orientation mapping and low voltage orientation mapping (1kV).eCHORD procedure present great interest concerning low conductivity materials on which orientation mapping are difficult to obtain and open wide perspective for ceramics studies
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Mansilla-Miranda, José. "Crossing the Cartography of Exile." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/32874.
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Crossing the Cartography of Exile explores ideas of territoriality, hybrid identity and transculturation. The thesis and exhibition is the result of two years of Practice-Led Research, which is the performative research methodology, carried in the La Chapelle Woodshop of the 100 Laurier Avenue East Building of the Department of Visual Arts. The building was the former Juniorat du Sacré-Coeur of the Oblates of Mary Immaculate built in 1893-94. The Woodshop is the former chapel of the seminary therefore has references to a place of prayer and worship and for my praxis became a place to re-enact the ancient trade of Joseph the Carpenter. The La Chapelle Shipyard inside the woodshop as mnemonic site became a performative site-specific platform specialized in creating small-scale sculptures with recycled and repourposed shipping pallets and a place in which to connect memory with the ancient trade of a shipwright or shipbuilder. Small-scale sculpture then became a symbolic marker for the intimacy of a personal and free territory made of repurposed shipping pallets. Therefore, by working with recycled changeable materials I fashioned a poetic visual language to enchant the wound of exile.
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Nevena, Ćurčić. "Kvalitativna ocena sredstava turističke propagande i primenjenog materijala u funkciji unapređenja promotivnih aktivnosti u turizmu." Phd thesis, Univerzitet u Novom Sadu, Prirodno-matematički fakultet u Novom Sadu, 2008. https://www.cris.uns.ac.rs/record.jsf?recordId=73217&source=NDLTD&language=en.
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Promocija je termin koji označava sve oblike složenog komuniciranja preduzeća – pružaoca usluga sa realnim i potencijalnim potrošačima, sa dobavljačima, sa poveriocima, sa zaposlenima, sa lokalnom samoupravom i širom društvenom zajednicom. Promocija se u svom strateškom delovanju oslanja na sledeće instrumente (alate): propagandu, ličnu prodaju, unapređenje prodaje, odnose s javnošću (PR) i publicitet, sponzorstvo, direktni marketing i promociju „od usta do usta“ (word-ofmouth). Propaganda spada u jedan od najstarijih i najmasovnijih promotivnih alata, široko zastupljen u turističkoj delatnosti jer igra veliku ulogu u približavanju turističke ponude (posebno njenih neopipljivih elemenata) potencijalnim potrošačima. Propaganda u turizmu za sprovođenje svojih ciljeva i zadataka koristi široku paletu propagandnih sredstava: grafička, oglasna, projekciona, prostorno-plastična, interaktivna sredstva. Prema izvršenom istraživanju u našoj zemlji usmenoj promociji „od usta do usta“ se još uvek najviše veruje i za njom najčešće poseže kada se radi o dobijanju validnih informacija o putovanju na neku destinaciju. Istraživanjem je utvrđeno da su u grupi grafičkih sredstava najznačajnija kombinovana sredstva i prospekti, zahvaljujući svojoj dostupnosti, iscrpnosti podacima i kompleksnosti. U grafičkim sredstvima propagande pažnju turističke publike najviše plene fotografije i to fotografije u punom koloru, čiji pravilno odabrani motivi prenose jasnu, celovitu i istinitu poruku čime se smanjuje potreba za tekstom i štedi na obimu ovih sredstava. Geografske karte i skice su od velikog značaja u lakšem geografskom određenju nekog mesta ili lokaliteta. Veliki deo turističke populacije (> 60%) poklanja pažnju i koristi karte iz propagandnih sredstava. Stoga marketari treba da obrate pažnju pri njihovom planiranju i izradi kako bi se ukupna upotrebna vrednost propagandnih sredstava povećala, a turistima prostor učinio pregledniji i jasniji za snalaženje. Osim štampanih sredstava, mediji koji se ističu po svom značaju u informisanju i animiranju turista su neprikosnovena televizija, gde su skoro podjednako značajni svi oblici propagande (reportaže, turistički film, oglasi) i Internet koji predstavlja iznenađenje u dobijenim rezultatima, jer se pretpostavlja da je on još uvek u maloj upotrebi u našoj zemlji. Zadaci i karakter turističke propagande zahtevaju odgovarajući kvalitet sredstava i oblika njenog delovanja. Kvalitet je bitan preduslov ako se ima u vidu sve jača konkurencija na turističkom tržištu i činjenica da je propaganda značajan činilac turističkog razvoja. Šta čini kvalitet sredstava turističke propagande? Na ovo pitanje teško je definisati konačan odgovor, jer su to elementi koje praksa neprekidno menja, usavršava, vizuelno unapređuje. Ipak, neki elementi se mogu meriti, njihove vrednosti kvantificirati i, na kraju, izvesti ocena kvaliteta koja će činiti sastavni element u planiranju budućih propagandnih kampanja i akcija.Promotion is the term denoting all the ways of complex communication between a company that provides services and real and potential customers, providers, creditors, the employed, local self-government, and with wider social community. In its strategic actions, promotion relies on the following tools: advertising, personal selling, sales promotion, public relations and publicity, sponsorship, direct and database marketing, word-of-mouth marketing. Propaganda is one of the oldest and large-scale promotion tools, widespread in tourist activities because it plays a big role in presenting tourist offer (especially its impalpable elements) to potential customers. Propaganda utilizes wide range of propaganda tools while implementing its aims and tasks: graphic, advertisement tools, projection, space-plastic, and interactive tools. According to the poll conducted in our country, people still rely the most on word-of-mouth promotion, and use it most often when they try to acquire valid information about traveling to a certain destination. The poll established that combined tools and prospects are the most significant in the graphic group of tools because of their availability, abundance of information, and complexity. Among propaganda graphic tools, tourists are most attracted by photographs i.e., full-color photographs with motives that were chosen properly to convey comprehensible, detailed, and true message. Thus, there is less need for text and this economizes on the volume of those tools. Geographic maps and sketches are also of great importance in determining geographical coordinates of a place or locality. Huge percentage of tourists (around 60%) pays attention and uses maps from propaganda tools. Thus, the map-makers should pay good attention when drawing them because that would increase total serviceable value of propaganda tools, and tourists would have a good layout of the area and it would not be hard to find the way. Besides the printed tools, TV and Internet are media tools that are prominent in their importance in informing and animating tourists. With TV, almost all forms of propaganda are equally important: reports, tourist films, advertisements, while Internet was a surprise according to the results because it is still assumed that it is not so wide-spread in our country. Tasks and character of tourist propaganda require certain quality tools and ways of its functioning. Taking into account strong competition at the tourist market and the fact that propaganda is an important element in tourist development, the quality is an important precondition. What makes the quality element in tourist propaganda? It would not be easy to give a definite reply to this question, because these are the elements that are constantly amended, improved, visually upgraded by the practice. However, some elements could be measured, their values qualified, and at the end the evaluation of quality could be produced, and it would then be the integral part of planning future propaganda campaigns and actions.
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Munk, Anders Kristian. "Risking the flood : cartographies of things to come." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2010. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:55c2df2e-3506-4a93-8cab-37f133866182.
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Reflecting on fieldwork carried out in the UK insurance sector, the thesis explores the role played by various types of actuarial and hydrological expertise in the performance of flooding as a matter of sustained public concern. In doing so, the question is raised: what analytical status to give the concept of risk when accounting for the epistemic doings involved in bringing yet unrealised future floods to bear on the present? Contrary to most other European countries the provision of flood insurance in the UK is left to the market and organised via an agreement under which insurers pledge to provide cover in areas protected by the Government to a standard of 1:75 years (the average return period between floods). What should be taken into account when mapping out this 1:75 year flood zone is subject to debates constantly revitalised by flood events with changing characteristics as well as new ways of modelling and anticipating what has yet to take place. How should we understand the knowledge claims hardwired into these debates through the involvement of actuarial and hydrological expertise? The thesis will argue that a reorientation of flood risk away from a status as the (multiple) object of these claims towards a status as an event in which a diverse variety of other things are brought into being (maps, futures, frequencies, anxieties, publics, geographies, things which are not necessarily very well understood as risk per se), will give rise to more productive and eventful questions. In the terminology of Isabelle Stengers, to risk is to create the possibility of bringing new things to life – the risking of floods seems to be constantly exciting such creativities.
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Nagazi, Mohamed Yassine. "Cartographie de la dynamique microscopique dans la matière molle sous sollicitation." Thesis, Montpellier, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017MONTS083.
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Au cours de ce travail, nous avons proposé une caractérisation "multi-échelle" des matériaux mous à travers des montages originaux permettant la mesure simultanée des quantités macroscopiques et microscopiques. Dans une première partie de nos travaux, nous avons associé une méthode optique introduite récemment, la diffusion multiple de la lumière résolue spatialement (PCI-DWS), avec une sollicitation thermique, afin de suivre l’évolution de la microstructure d’échantillons à base de corps gras lors d’une rampe de température. Ces expériences ont permis d’identifier des transitions de phase par PCI-DWS et de les localiser spatialement dans des échantillons hétérogènes.Dans une deuxième série d’expériences, la même méthode optique a été couplée à des essais mécaniques réalisés avec une machine de traction commerciale. Pour des éprouvettes de polymère semi-cristallin, nous avons mesuré la déformation de l’éprouvette par PCI-DWS, sans avoir recours à des marqueurs de surface, contrairement aux méthodes d’imagerie couramment utilisées. Pour le même polymère, nous avons suivi la dynamique microscopique lors d’essais de traction dans les deux régimes, élastique et plastique. Nous avons montré que la dynamique microscopique et la relaxation de la contrainte lors de tests de traction à déformation imposée sont liées par une relation étonnement simple, que nous avons pu modéliser. Dans une dernière partie de la thèse, nous avons conçu et réalisé un prototype d’instrument permettant de mesurer simultanément la dynamique microscopique, la force et le déplacement lors d’essais de traction sur des élastomères. Grâce à cet instrument, nous avons pu mettre en évidence l’existence de précurseurs dynamiques microscopiques qui précèdent de milliers de secondes l’apparition de signes macroscopiques de la défaillance du matériauIn this thesis, we introduce a "multi-scale" characterization of soft matter based on novel setups that couple macroscopic measurements (temperature, force, deformation) to measurements of the microscopic dynamics. In a first series of experiments, we use a recently introduced optical method, space-resolved diffusion wave spectroscopy (PCI-DWS), to follow the microscopic dynamics of fat materials during a temperature ramp. This allows us to detect phase transitions and to localize them in space for heterogeneous samples. In a second series of experiments, the same optical method is coupled to mechanical measurements performed on a commercial universal traction machine. For a semi-crystalline polymer, we measure by PCI-DWS the mesoscopic deformation field under tension, with no need to pre-treat the sample surface as in conventional imaging methods. For the same polymer, we measure the microscopic dynamics during tensile stress relaxation tests, both in the linear and non-linear regime. We find a remarkably simple relationship between the microscopic dynamics and the macroscopic stress relaxation, and propose a simple model to rationalize it. In the last part of the thesis, we have designed and implemented a setup prototype to measure simultaneously the microscopic dynamics (by PCI-DWS), the force and the deformation during tensile tests on elastomers. Thanks to this apparatus, we unveil dynamic precursors preceding by thousands of seconds anymicroscopic sign of the incipient material failure
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Le, Roy Isabelle. "Cartographie chromosomique de QTLS impliqués dans la variation des comportements ou de leurs corrélats neuronaux chez la souris." Paris 5, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997PA05S016.
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La localisation des quantitative trait loci (QTLS) se situe dans une perspective de génétique inversé qui permet la localisation de gène(s) sur un chromosome à son (leur) identification, soit par marche sur le chromosome, soit par co-detections avec des gènes antérieurement identifies. Les différents traits neuronaux et comportementaux analyses dans cette thèse chez les souris parentales consanguines nzb/blnj. Gnc et c57bl/jby (lignées montrant un fort polymorphisme pour ces traits), les deux hybrides f 1s et les quatre intercroisements f 2s sont : le développement sensoriel et moteur chez les nouveau-nés, le poids corporel a différents âges (10 jours, 15 jours, 30 jours et 7 mois), le comportement de soins aux souriceaux, la préférence gustative au sucrose octaacetate chez l'adulte, la coordination motrice des pattes postérieures et la morphométrie du système nerveux central (surfaces de l'hémisphère cérébral, du corps calleux et du cervelet, pattern de foliation cérébelleuse et poids du cerveau). Apres l'analyse de ces divers traits, une détection et une localisation de QTLS ont été entreprises sur les f 2s avec 65 SSLPS (short sequences of length polymorphisms). Quatre modèles de cartographie de QTLS ont été utilises : le modèle non paramétrique de Kruglyak et Lander (1995), le modèle paramétrique par intervalle de Lander et Botstein (1989) et deux modèles paramétriques de Zeng (1996). Une carte chromosomique contenant l'ensemble des QTLS a été établie pour les variants neuronaux et comportementaux énoncés ci-dessus. Les co-localisations, dans le cas présent, fournissent des régions chromosomiques candidates qu'il faudra, ultérieurement, explorer plus précisément grâce à la méthode des AILS (advanced intercross lines, Darvasi et Soller, 1995).
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Mineo, Marcela Maria Patriarca. "Do rancho do Morro Azul ao município de Limeira - SP: uma proposta de cartografia do turismo aplicada ao patrimônio cultural material." Universidade de São Paulo, 2016. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/8/8136/tde-10032017-152402/.
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O presente trabalho objetivou contribuir com os estudos da Cartografia do Turismo tendo como componente de investigação o município de Limeira, localizado no Estado de São Paulo. A escolha da área de estudo levou em consideração que o município de Limeira representa o processo de ocupação das cidades médias paulistas, a partir da expansão econômica e urbana que historicamente a constituíram, em função dos ciclos econômicos que ocorreram no Brasil. Para tanto, foi realizada uma discussão sobre o uso turístico do patrimônio material, a partir da visão crítica dos geógrafos, explicitando casos no Brasil e no mundo, e investigando o potencial de valorização do patrimônio material em Limeira. Para a elaboração dos mapas temáticos foi feita uma revisão da metodologia da Cartografia do Turismo, considerando-se que os mapas são elaborados tendo como público alvo os turistas e, portanto, devem cumprir com as normas de legibilidade, onde o uso adequado da escala, símbolos e legenda devem ser garantidos, a fim de comunicar as informações de maneira rápida e precisa. O patrimônio cultural material de Limeira tem sido inserido nas políticas públicas recentemente através do Plano Diretor Territorial-Ambiental de 2009, quando foram listados e protegidos os imóveis de interesse histórico para o município. A metodologia utilizada consistiu em classificar estes imóveis nas seguintes modalidades: rural, educacional, religioso, e cultural, por meio de cartas temáticas elaboradas no programa de SIG ArgGis 9.3. Assim, os mapas elaborados no presente estudo podem contribuir como instrumentos a serem utilizados para a valorização do patrimônio histórico local, por meio de programas de incentivo ao turismo, bem como à educação patrimonial.The major aim of the present work was to contribute with the studies of Cartography of Tourism, by selecting the city of Limeira, located at São Paulo State, as the object of investigation. The choice of the area for this study took into consideration that Limeira City represents the process of occupation of the medium cities of São Paulo from the economical and urban expansion, which occurred historically during the economic cycles that took place in Brazil. For this, it was done a complete review concerning the touristic use of the material heritage from the geographic critical point of view, exemplifying cases in Brazil, as well as over the world, by investigating the potential value of the material heritage of Limeira City. To elaborate the thematic maps, it was carried out a review in the methodology of the Cartography of Tourism, considering that the maps are created to help tourists. In this context, the maps should accomplish the rules of legibility, by providing an accurate use of scale, symbols and legend, which should communicate precisely and quickly the information. The cultural material heritage of Limeira City has been inserted recently in the public policies by the Master Territorial and Environmental Plan of 2009, when the historical buildings from this city were listed and protected. Therefore, in the present study these buildings were classified in the following categories: rural, educational, religious and cultural, by means of thematic charts elaborated using GIS software ArcGis 9.3. In conclusion, the elaborated maps may contribute to give the appropriate value to the local historic heritage, by inducing programs to improve the cultural tourism and heritage education.
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Krtalic, Sima. "Materials and production methods in 17th century portuguese illuminated cartography: a study of the maps in António Bocarro's "Book of the Plans of all Fortresses, Towns and Villages of the East Indies"." Master's thesis, Universidade de Évora, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10174/24465.
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This thesis presents an interdisciplinary, multianalytical investigation of the early 17th-century illuminated maps of Pedro Baretto de Resende in the Antonio Bocarro’s Livro das plantas de todas as fortalezas, a codex made in Goa and currently housed at the Biblioteca Pública de Évora in Portugal. The work addresses previously unexplored aspects of the maps, including issues of authorship, the possibility of cross-cultural collaboration during their production, and the way their design and use of map signs depict late-stage empire. Using technical photography, FORS, h-XRF, Raman microscopy, μ-FT-IR, LC-DAD-MS, and vp-SEM-EDS, the maps’ materials and production methods were revealed and contextualized. The results are relevant to research concerning the connections between decorative cartography, economic and social history, and fine art. In addition, the findings contribute to the small but growing literature on the material characteristics of cartographic works. Finally, the work suggests a more holistic approach to the study of maps; RESUMO:
Nesta tese é apresentada uma investigação interdisciplinar e multi-analítica dos mapas iluminados datados do início do século XVII de Pedro Baretto Resende no Livro de plantas de todas as fortalezas de António Bocarro, um códice produzido em Goa e que pode ser encontrado na Biblioteca Pública de Évora. O trabalho aborda aspectos anteriormente inexplorados destes mapas, incluindo questões de autoria, a possibilidade de colaboração intercultural durante sua produção e a forma como o design e o uso de sinalética são influenciados por um império em decadência. Usando técnicas de fotografia, FORS, FRX, microscopia Raman, micro-IV-TF, LC-DAD-MS e MEV-EDS, os materiais e métodos de produção dos mapas foram revelados e contextualizados. Os resultados são relevantes para o estudo das relações entre a cartografia decorativa, a económica e a história social, e as belas artes. Esta tese sugere ainda uma abordagem mais holística ao estudo de obras cartográficas.
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Leite, Gerson Rodrigues. "Materiais didáticos para cartografia escolar: metodologias para a construção de mapas em sala de aula." Universidade de São Paulo, 2014. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/8/8136/tde-24042014-120956/.
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A partir de experiências como docente da disciplina de Geografia no Ensino Fundamental e Médio, foi possível analisar as práticas didáticas que contribuem positivamente com o estudo da Geografia em sala de aula, especialmente atividades que envolvem a análise e elaboração de mapas temáticos em conjunto com o conteúdo programático aplicado durante o ano letivo. Neste cenário foi possível elaborar uma pesquisa para o público alvo composto por alunos do 6º e 9º Ano do Ensino Fundamental e 3º Ano do Ensino Superior, com aplicação de atividades e avaliações entre o período de 2010 e 2012 em conjunto com o conteúdo programático de cada período. Esta pesquisa visou analisar o potencial e a viabilidade de aplicação de atividades de construção de mapas temáticos em sala de aula. Para tanto, foram desenvolvidos e adaptados materiais didáticos com recursos alternativos de baixo custo, como radiografias recicladas e papel, além de metodologias para reduzir o tempo de elaboração de mapas em sala de aula. Os critérios de avaliação dos alunos que participaram das atividades foram definidos para avaliar o grau de leitura cartográfica anterior e após a realização das atividades propostas. Para subsidiar a pesquisa, foi feita uma análise bibliográfica sobre a importância da Cartografia no Ensino de Geografia e os fatores que facilitam ou dificultam a realização de atividades práticas durante as aulas. Outro objetivo desta pesquisa foi disponibilizar os materiais aos professores de Geografia para reprodução e/ou adaptação. Assim, os materiais produzidos foram padronizados e apresentados da maneira mais simples possível, a partir de matérias-primas de fácil acesso em qualquer localidade. Os resultados obtidos mostram que após a construção de mapas temáticos em sala de aula, os alunos apresentam melhor rendimento na leitura e interpretação de mapas e temas relacionados à Geografia, especialmente os alunos com maiores dificuldades de aprendizagem. É possível assim, afirmar que a construção de mapas em sala de aula de forma constante é viável, contribui para o ensino de Geografia, e, consequentemente, para a formação escolar de alunos de todos os níveis do Ensino.From experiences as a Geography teacher in elementary and high school, it was possible to analyze the teaching practices that contribute positively to the study of geography in the classroom, especially activities that involve the analysis and preparation of thematic maps in together with the curriculum implemented during the school year. In this scenario it was possible to develop a survey for the target audience that consists of students from 6th and 9th year of elementary school and 3 Year Higher Education , with application activities and assessments between the period 2010 and 2012 in conjunction with the syllabus of each period. This research aimed to analyze the potential and feasibility of construction activities of thematic maps in the classroom. Thus, we developed and adapted learning materials with low cost alternative resources, such as radiographs and recycled paper, and methodologies to reduce the time of preparation of maps in the classroom. The evaluation criteria of the students who participated in the activities were defined to assess the degree of previous cartographic reading and following completion of the proposed activities. To support the research, an analysis of the literature on the importance of cartography in the Teaching of Geography and the factors that facilitate or hinder the achievement of practical activities during lessons. Another objective of this research was providing materials to teachers of Geography for reproduction and / or adaptation. Thus, the materials produced were standardized and presented in the simplest possible way, from raw materials for easy access from any location. The results show that after the construction of thematic maps in the classroom, students have better performance in reading and interpreting maps and topics related to geography, especially students with major learning difficulties. You can thus say that the construction of maps in the classroom is feasible steadily contributing to the teaching of geography, and, consequently, for the schooling of students from all levels of education.
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Scarato, Luciane Crisitina. "Caminhos e descaminhos do ouro nas Minas Gerais : adminstração, territorialidade e cotidiano." [s.n.], 2009. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/278772.
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Orientador: Leila Mezan AlgrantiDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Filosofia e Ciencias Humanas
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Resumo: O tema central dessa dissertação de mestrado são os caminhos e as áreas fronteiriças das Minas Gerais Setecentistas, principalmente o Caminho Novo do Rio de Janeiro, o Caminho Velho de São Paulo e, ainda, o Distrito da Mantiqueira, no período que compreende os anos entre 1733 e 1783. Com essa pesquisa, espera-se identificar as principais vias de acesso à região mineradora nos mapas da época, comparando-os entre si para verificar a importância dos caminhos no povoamento e na formação da rede urbana da Capitania. Por meio da análise da administração de alguns governadores que passaram pelas Minas e de suas atitudes em relação à abertura de caminhos, principalmente os ilegais, então denominados "picadas", ver-se-á até que ponto os interesses da metrópole e dos colonos seriam ou não opostos. As condições de viagem das estradas e os perigos que os viajantes precisavam enfrentar durante a sua travessia também serão objeto de estudo. Finalmente, será estabelecido um perfil sócio-econômico dos habitantes dos caminhos e áreas vizinhas, através da análise de seus bens materiais.
Abstract: The central theme of this masters dissertation are the paths and border areas of Minas Gerais, mainly the Rio de Janeiro's new road, the São Paulo's old road and the Mantiqueira District, during the period between 1733 and 1783. With this research, we hope to identify the most important ways of accessing the miner area on historical maps, comparing them to verify the importance of paths for the population and formation of the Capitania's urban net. By analyzing the administration of some colonial Minas' governors and their attitudes towards the opening of roads, specially the illegal ones, called picadas, we will see up to which point metropolitans and settlers' interests were opposed among each other. The roads travelling conditions, as well as the dangers that men and women that walked by them had to deal with, will also be an object of study. Finally, we are going to establish a social-economical profile of the paths and their nearby's inhabitants, through the analysis of their material goods.
Mestrado
Historia Social
Mestre em História
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Doan, Tung. "Homogenization of 2D nanoporous materials by combining micromechanics and molecular dynamics approaches." Thesis, Paris Est, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020PESC2003.
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L'objectif principal de la présente thèse est de développer une approche de modélisation et de simulation pour étudier les effets de surface dans les matériaux nanoporeux 2D et leur impact sur les propriétés élastiques et conductrices globales. Il combine deux méthodes à deux échelles différentes : la dynamique moléculaire (DM) à l'échelle atomique et la mécanique du continuum (CM) à l'échelle microscopique avec un modèle de frontière libre pertinent. Les propriétés élastiques et thermoconductrices des matériaux sont prises en compte. Pour atteindre cet objectif, à l'échelle microscopique, la variable complexe et les techniques de cartographie conforme associées (cartographie Schwarz-Christoffel) sont utilisées pour résoudre le problème de l'hétérogénéité Eshelby d'un vide unique de forme arbitraire incorporée dans une matrice infinie. La limite de vide est supposée avoir des comportements élastiques et thermiques locaux distincts et est modélisée par un modèle linéaire. Les conditions aux limites dans l'approche par variable complexe sont modifiées pour prendre en compte ces effets. Les résultats obtenus par cette approche sont en excellent accord avec la méthode des éléments finis et des solutions analytiques dans certains cas particuliers. Les tenseurs de localisation sont ensuite utilisés pour calculer les propriétés macroscopiques de matériaux hétérogènes 2D à l’aide des schémas d’estimation dilué et de Mori-Tanaka. Quelques applications des méthodes pour étudier les effets de forme et de taille sur les propriétés macroscopiques sont également présentées. À l'échelle atomique, nous nous concentrons sur le comportement élastique du graphène et utilisons LAMMPS, un code MD à code source ouvert pour effectuer des calculs. Premièrement, en étudiant les feuilles de graphène soumises à différents chargements mécaniques dans le plan, les constantes élastiques de masse et de bord peuvent être extraites. Les simulations MD montrent que le module d'élasticité des bords en graphène n'est pas constant et dépend des structures des bords (zigzag et fauteuil). Ces propriétés peuvent être utilisées comme données d'entrée pour la méthode CM précédemment développée à l'échelle macroscopique. Les résultats des méthodes CM sont comparés aux simulations MD de feuilles de graphène avec des lacunes de formes différentes et de structures de bords mélangées / non mélangées. Nous constatons que les propriétés efficaces dépendent des deux facteursThe main objective of the present thesis is to develop a modeling and simulation approach to study the surface effects in 2D nanoporous materials and their impact on the overall elastic and conductive properties. It combines two methods at two different scales: Molecular Dynamics (MD) at the atomic scale and Continuum Mechanics (CM) at the microscopic scale with a relevant free boundary model. Both elastic and the thermal conductive properties of the materials are considered. To achieve this goal, at the microscopic scale, the complex variable and the associated conformal mapping techniques (Schwarz-Christoffel mapping) are used to solve the Eshelby heterogeneity problem of a single void with arbitrary shape embedded in an infinite matrix. The void boundary is assumed to have distinct local elastic and thermal behaviors to the bulk and modeled by a line model. The boundary conditions in the complex variable approach are modified to account for these effects. The results obtained by the approach are in excellent agreement with the Finite Element Method and analytical solutions for some particular cases. The localization tensors are then used to compute the macroscopic properties of 2D heterogeneous materials using the dilute and Mori-Tanaka estimation schemes. Some applications of the methods to study the shape and size effects on the macroscopic properties are also presented. At the atomic scale, we focus on the elastic behavior of graphene and use LAMMPS, an open-source MD code to perform computation. First, by studying graphene sheets subject to different in-plane mechanical loading, the bulk and edge elastic constants can be extracted. The MD simulations show that the graphene edge elastic modulus is not constant and depends on the edge structures (zigzag and armchair). Those properties can be used as input data for the CM method previously developed at the macroscopic scale. The results of the CM methods are compared with MD simulations of graphene sheets with vacancies of different shapes and mixed/unmixed edge structures. We find that effective properties depend on both two factors
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Fernandes, Luiz Marchiotti. "BANCO DE DADOS DO PROGRAMA SIE, MÓDULO BIBLIOTECA, COM MATERIAIS ESPECIAIS APLICÁVEIS À GEOMÁTICA." Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 2008. http://repositorio.ufsm.br/handle/1/9508.
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This work approaches the organization of aerial images by remote sensor, maps, photos, topographical letters, in the System SIE, module library, of the System of Libraries used in the Federal University of Santa Maria UFSM. Some steps for the inclusion of bibliographical registers
are presented and registering item, which those compose the search system, by Internet from the university site. The choice for using a free software as a result from analysis of the four great available programs in
the market such as Aleph, Pergamum, Gnuteca and SIE. Those systems available, the SIE, the module library was considered the most appropriate for the purpose in question. The application of the test pilot, carried out through in the Sector Library of the Center of Agricultural
Sciences component of the System of Libraries of this related institution. It was confirmed the relevancy for this choice because the results were positive and meaningful. In this way, the System SIE becomes of great value for the information managers. It corresponds to
be a useful tool for the dissemination of the information. It is a major importance for all the users in potential of this and other institutions of education.Este trabalho aborda a organização de imagens de sensoriamento remoto, mapas, fotos aéreas, cartas topográficas, no Sistema SIE, módulo biblioteca, do Sistema de Bibliotecas utilizado na Universidade Federal de Santa Maria UFSM. São apresentados os passos para a inclusão de registros bibliográficos e itens de um registro, que compõem o sistema de busca, via Internet, do site da própria universidade. A escolha por se trabalhar com software livre resultou da análise dos quatro grandes programas disponíveis no mercado: Aleph, Pergamum, Gnuteca e SIE. Desses sistemas, o SIE, módulo biblioteca foi considerado o mais apropriado para a finalidade em questão. A aplicação do teste piloto, realizado na Biblioteca Setorial do Centro de Ciências Rurais componente do Sistema de Bibliotecas da referida instituição, confirmou a pertinência dessa escolha, uma vez que os resultados obtidos por meio dele foram positivos. Desse modo, o Sistema SIE faz-se de grande valor para os gestores da informação, haja vista que corresponde a uma ferramenta útil para a disseminação da informação, sendo de fundamental importância para todos os usuários em potencial desta e de outras instituições de ensino.
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Li, Rui. "Martino Martini's Novus Atlas Sinensis and its Chinese source materials :a comparison of the list of China's main administrative divisions." Thesis, University of Macau, 2018. http://umaclib3.umac.mo/record=b3954077.
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Zucherato, Bruno [UNESP]. "Contribuições metodológicas para o ensino de geografia na educação básica: proposta de modelo cartográfico com múltiplas representações." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/95623.
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zucherato_b_me_rcla.pdf: 9962382 bytes, checksum: 0343246fae2534c18a59afcf3e6bd366 (MD5)Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
O estudo realizado apresenta a investigação da utilização das representações espaciais no ensino de Geografia, realizando um levantamento da utilização de gráficos de colunas (gráfico de barras), mapas coropléticos (mapas corocromáticos) e mapas em anamorfose (cartogramas) no material didático do ensino fundamental e médio utilizado pela rede pública do estado de São Paulo. Além desse levantamento, foi elaborado um modelo cartográfico de múltiplas representações, utilizando programas computacionais gratuitos e livres, como alternativa para o uso diversificado de representações espaciais no ensino de Geografia. O objetivo geral do trabalho desenvolvido foi investigar o uso dos gráficos e mapas temáticos no ensino de Geografia e elaborar uma proposta de modelo cartográfico com múltiplas representações, apoiada em gráficos de colunas, mapas coropléticos e mapas em anamorfose. Além disso, pretendeu-se aplicar um modelo cartográfico adaptado ao conteúdo de Geografia do terceiro ano do Ensino Médio e avaliar os resultados em termos de representação individual e múltipla. Para verificar a aplicabilidade do modelo elaborado, este foi adaptado e, a partir dessa adaptação, foram realizadas práticas com a finalidade de verificar como os alunos utilizam as representações espaciais em sala de aula e qual uso fazem das múltiplas representações. Os resultados obtidos pela pesquisa mostram que é viável a elaboração do modelo cartográfico com múltiplas representações fazendo uso de softwares gratuitos e/ou livres para a elaboração de representações a serem usadas no ensino. E ainda que, no material didático analisado, a maior parte das representações espaciais observadas correspondem aos gráficos de colunas, seguido pelos mapas coropléticos e os mapas em anamorfose. Sobre a utilização das representações...
This research presents the investigation of the use of spatial representations in the teaching of Geography, conducting a survey of the use of column charts (bar chart), coropleth maps (chorocromatic maps) and anamorphosis (cartograms) in elementary and medium school teaching material used by the public of the state of São Paulo, besides this survey, we designed a cartographic model of multiple representations using free softwares, as an alternative to the use of diverse spatial representations in teaching Geography. The general objective of this research was to investigate the use of graphics and thematic maps in teaching Geography and develop a proposal for model with multiple cartographic representations, supported by column charts, coropleth maps and anamorphosis. Furthermore, we sought to apply a cartographic model adapted to the content of Geography of the third year of high school and evaluate the results in terms of individual and multiple representation.To verify the applicability of the model developed, this was adapted, and from that adaptation practices were conducted in order to see how students use spatial representations in the classroom and what use do the multiple representations. The results of the survey show that the preparation of cartographic model of multiple representations with the use of free softwares to prepare representations to be used in teaching is feasible. And yet, in the teaching material analyzed most of the observed spatial representations correspond to the column charts, followed by coropleth maps and after, anamorphosis. About the use of spatial representations, the practice has disclosed that the majority of the students are wont the column charts, followed by coropleth maps and anamorphosis, showing that the presence of these representations in the teaching material... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
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Zucherato, Bruno. "Contribuições metodológicas para o ensino de geografia na educação básica : proposta de modelo cartográfico com múltiplas representações /." Rio Claro : [s.n.], 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/95623.
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Orientador: Maria Isabel Castreghini de FreitasBanca: Ailton Luchiari
Banca: Andreia Medinilha Pancher
Resumo: O estudo realizado apresenta a investigação da utilização das representações espaciais no ensino de Geografia, realizando um levantamento da utilização de gráficos de colunas (gráfico de barras), mapas coropléticos (mapas corocromáticos) e mapas em anamorfose (cartogramas) no material didático do ensino fundamental e médio utilizado pela rede pública do estado de São Paulo. Além desse levantamento, foi elaborado um modelo cartográfico de múltiplas representações, utilizando programas computacionais gratuitos e livres, como alternativa para o uso diversificado de representações espaciais no ensino de Geografia. O objetivo geral do trabalho desenvolvido foi investigar o uso dos gráficos e mapas temáticos no ensino de Geografia e elaborar uma proposta de modelo cartográfico com múltiplas representações, apoiada em gráficos de colunas, mapas coropléticos e mapas em anamorfose. Além disso, pretendeu-se aplicar um modelo cartográfico adaptado ao conteúdo de Geografia do terceiro ano do Ensino Médio e avaliar os resultados em termos de representação individual e múltipla. Para verificar a aplicabilidade do modelo elaborado, este foi adaptado e, a partir dessa adaptação, foram realizadas práticas com a finalidade de verificar como os alunos utilizam as representações espaciais em sala de aula e qual uso fazem das múltiplas representações. Os resultados obtidos pela pesquisa mostram que é viável a elaboração do modelo cartográfico com múltiplas representações fazendo uso de softwares gratuitos e/ou livres para a elaboração de representações a serem usadas no ensino. E ainda que, no material didático analisado, a maior parte das representações espaciais observadas correspondem aos gráficos de colunas, seguido pelos mapas coropléticos e os mapas em anamorfose. Sobre a utilização das representações... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Abstract: This research presents the investigation of the use of spatial representations in the teaching of Geography, conducting a survey of the use of column charts (bar chart), coropleth maps (chorocromatic maps) and anamorphosis (cartograms) in elementary and medium school teaching material used by the public of the state of São Paulo, besides this survey, we designed a cartographic model of multiple representations using free softwares, as an alternative to the use of diverse spatial representations in teaching Geography. The general objective of this research was to investigate the use of graphics and thematic maps in teaching Geography and develop a proposal for model with multiple cartographic representations, supported by column charts, coropleth maps and anamorphosis. Furthermore, we sought to apply a cartographic model adapted to the content of Geography of the third year of high school and evaluate the results in terms of individual and multiple representation.To verify the applicability of the model developed, this was adapted, and from that adaptation practices were conducted in order to see how students use spatial representations in the classroom and what use do the multiple representations. The results of the survey show that the preparation of cartographic model of multiple representations with the use of free softwares to prepare representations to be used in teaching is feasible. And yet, in the teaching material analyzed most of the observed spatial representations correspond to the column charts, followed by coropleth maps and after, anamorphosis. About the use of spatial representations, the practice has disclosed that the majority of the students are wont the column charts, followed by coropleth maps and anamorphosis, showing that the presence of these representations in the teaching material... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Mestre
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Fons?ca, Alexandre V?tor de Lima. "Orienta??o geogr?fica: uma proposta metodol?gica para o ensino da geografia na 5? s?rie." Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, 2004. http://repositorio.ufrn.br:8080/jspui/handle/123456789/18971.
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Previous issue date: 2004-10-28Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior
Cartographical representations (maps, charters and plans) are taken as didactic resources in Geography classes in the 5th grade of the municipal public schools in S?o Jos? de Ribamar through a methodological approach taking into consideration the use of those resources is still worries an important part of the teachers of the Maranh?o State public schools who teach in this level. Papers related to the theme, most of the time, are non accessible to the teachers of the maranhense public schools, mainly because the education instilutions, which use those resources, do it in a very incipient way. So this research proposes from the drawings of magnetccoursein the school courtyards, together with maps, charts, plans among others representation used in the classroom environment, motivate the students to a deeper interests in participating in Geography learning process in the 5th grade. Interviews, analyses of socialcultural questionnaires of the families involved in the process; observations of classes, trainings, geocartographical orientations, application of pre and posttests, discussions about the usage of cartographic representations, proposed and effectivated tasks in the classroom, as well as around the school, were the basis of the researched population. As a result of this process, it was produced a was complement didatical material showing, among others, the space in which students, for sure, will contribute in an effective way to a better teaching practice in the chain of maranhense public schools, having in mind that these geographic subjects may be taught in the level we focused our study
Abordase o uso das representa??es cartogr?ficas (mapas, cartas e plantas) como recursos did?ticos nas aulas de Geografia na 5? s?rie da rede p?blica municipal de S?o Jos? de Ribamar, a partir de uma proposta metodol?gica, onde, o uso desses recursos ainda ? motivo de preocupa??o para uma parcela consider?vel de educadores que ministram aulas no ensino fundamental. Trabalhos a respeito do tema, na maioria das vezes, s?o inacess?veis aos professores da rede p?blica maranhense, principalmente tendo em vista que as institui??es de ensino que fazem uso desse recurso, ainda o fazem de forma incipiente. Assim sendo, a pesquisa prop?e, a partir do desenho derumosmagn?ticosnos p?tios escolares, em conjunto com mapas, cartas, plantas, entre outras representa??es utilizadas na sala de aula, despertar em educandos, um maior interesse em participar do processo de aprendizagem nas aulas de Geografia da 5? s?rie. Entrevistas; an?lises de question?rios s?cioculturais das fam?lias envolvidas no processo; observa??o de aulas; treinamentos; orienta??es geocartogr?ficas; aplica??o de pr? e p?stestes, discuss?es a respeito do uso de representa??es cartogr?ficas, tarefas propostas e efetivadas nas salas de aulas e em torno das escolas, embasaram e envolveram todo o universo amostral pesquisado. Como resultante desse processo, foi produzido material did?tico complementar retratando o espa?o vivenciado pelos educandos, que, certamente, contribuir?, de forma efetiva, para a melhoria da pr?tica docente nas escolas da rede p?blica maranhense, na medida em que os conte?dos geogr?ficos da referida s?rie forem ministrados
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Yuan, Hui. "3D morphological and crystallographic analysis of materials with a Focused Ion Beam (FIB)." Thesis, Lyon, INSA, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014ISAL0134/document.
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L’objectif principal de ce travail est d’optimise la tomographie par coupe sériée dans un microscope ‘FIB’, en utilisant soit l’imagerie électronique du microscope à balayage (tomographie FIB-MEB), soit la diffraction des électrons rétrodiffusés (tomographie dite EBSD 3D). Dans les 2 cas, des couches successives de l’objet d’étude sont abrasées à l’aide du faisceau ionique, et les images MEB ou EBSD ainsi acquises séquentiellement sont utilisées pour reconstruire le volume du matériau. A cause de différentes sources de perturbation incontrôlées, des dérives sont généralement présentes durant l'acquisition en tomographie FIB-MEB. Nous avons ainsi développé une procédure in situ de correction des dérives afin de garder automatiquement la zone d'intérêt (ROI) dans le champ de vue. Afin de reconstruction le volume exploré, un alignement post-mortem aussi précis que possible est requis. Les méthodes actuelles utilisant la corrélation-croisée, pour robuste que soit cette technique numérique, présente de sévères limitations car il est difficile, sinon parfois impossible de se fier à une référence absolue. Ceci a été démontré par des expériences spécifiques ; nous proposons ainsi 2 méthodes alternatives qui permettent un bon alignement. Concernant la tomographie EBSD 3D, les difficultés techniques liées au pilotage de la sonde ionique pour l'abrasion précise et au repositionnement géométrique correct de l’échantillon entre les positions d'abrasion et d’EBSD conduisent à une limitation importante de la résolution spatiale avec les systèmes commerciaux (environ 50 nm)3. L’EBSD 3D souffre par ailleurs de limites théoriques (grand volume d'interaction électrons-solide et effets d'abrasion. Une nouvelle approche, qui couple l'imagerie MEB de bonne résolution en basse tension, et la cartographie d'orientation cristalline en EBSD avec des tensions élevées de MEB est proposée. Elle a nécessité le développement de scripts informatiques permettant de piloter à la fois les opérations d’abrasion par FIB et l’acquisition des images MEB et des cartes EBSD. L’intérêt et la faisabilité de notre approche est démontrée sur un cas concret (superalliage de nickel). En dernier lieu, s’agissant de cartographie d’orientation cristalline, une méthode alternative à l’EBSD a été testée, qui repose sur l’influence des effets de canalisation (ions ou électrons) sur les contrastes en imagerie d’électrons secondaires. Cette méthode corrèle à des simulations la variation d’intensité de chaque grain dans une série d’images expérimentales obtenues en inclinant et/ou tournant l’échantillon sous le faisceau primaire. Là encore, la méthode est testée sur un cas réel (polycritsal de TiN) et montre, par comparaison avec une cartographie EBSD, une désorientation maximale d'environ 4° pour les angles d’Euler. Les perspectives d’application de cette approche, potentiellement beaucoup plus rapide que l’EBSD, sont évoquéesThe aim of current work is to optimize the serial-sectioning based tomography in a dual-beam focused ion beam (FIB) microscope, either by imaging in scanning electron microscopy (so-called FIB-SEM tomography), or by electron backscatter diffraction (so-called 3D-EBSD tomography). In both two cases, successive layers of studying object are eroded with the help of ion beam, and sequentially acquired SEM or EBSD images are utilized to reconstruct material volume. Because of different uncontrolled disruptions, drifts are generally presented during the acquisition of FIB-SEM tomography. We have developed thus a live drift correction procedure to keep automatically the region of interest (ROI) in the field of view. For the reconstruction of investigated volume, a highly precise post-mortem alignment is desired. Current methods using the cross-correlation, expected to be robust as this digital technique, show severe limitations as it is difficult, even impossible sometimes to trust an absolute reference. This has been demonstrated by specially-prepared experiments; we suggest therefore two alternative methods, which allow good-quality alignment and lie respectively on obtaining the surface topography by a stereoscopic approach, independent of the acquisition of FIB-SEM tomography, and realisation of a crossed ‘hole’ thanks to the ion beam. As for 3D-EBSD tomography, technical problems, linked to the driving the ion beam for accurate machining and correct geometrical repositioning of the sample between milling and EBSD position, lead to an important limitation of spatial resolution in commercial softwares (~ 50 nm)3. Moreover, 3D EBSD suffers from theoretical limits (large electron-solid interaction volume for EBSD and FIB milling effects), and seems so fastidious because of very long time to implement. A new approach, coupling SEM imaging of good resolution (a few nanometres for X and Y directions) at low SEM voltage and crystal orientation mapping with EBSD at high SEM voltage, is proposed. This method requested the development of computer scripts, which allow to drive the milling of FIB, the acquisition of SEM images and EBSD maps. The interest and feasibility of our approaches are demonstrated by a concrete case (nickel super-alloy). Finally, as regards crystal orientation mapping, an alternative way to EBSD has been tested; which works on the influence of channelling effects (ions or electrons) on the imaging contrast of secondary electrons. This new method correlates the simulations with the intensity variation of each grain within an experimental image series obtained by tilting and/or rotating the sample under the primary beam. This routine is applied again on a real case (polycrystal TiN), and shows a max misorientation of about 4° for Euler angles, compared to an EBSD map. The application perspectives of this approach, potentially faster than EBSD, are also evoked
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Mesquita, Luana Pinho de. "A educação permanente em saúde para a institucionalização de uma rede-rizoma." Universidade de São Paulo, 2016. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/22/22133/tde-06052016-162501/.
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Esta dissertação é resultado de uma pesquisa-intervenção cuja produção de dados ocorreu com o Grupo Condutor Regional da Rede Cegonha (GCR) no DRS III de Araraquara - SP, parte do Projeto de Pesquisa para o Sistema Único de Saúde (PPSUS): O processo de implantação da rede de atenção à saúde materno infantil no DRS III de Araraquara: a atenção básica como ordenadora da atenção em rede. Nosso objetivo foi compreender este coletivo como espaço de Educação Permanente em Saúde (EPS) para a institucionalização dessa Rede, e também caracterizar a EPS no território de abrangência deste DRS, compreender suas fragilidades-potencialidades e também os processos de EPS produzidos no interior do GCR para a implementação da Rede Cegonha (RC), diante de desafios como a redução da morbimortalidade materno infantil e o atendimento integral e humanizado a mulheres e crianças. Esta pesquisa qualitativa compreendeu a análise de documentos e a pesquisa-intervenção, utilizando método cartográfico, e a produção dos dados ocorreu no ano de 2014 com os integrantes do GCR e outros pesquisadores PPSUS. As análises tiveram como referenciais o Processo de Trabalho em Saúde e conceitos do movimento institucionalista, das correntes da Análise Institucional e da Esquizoanálise. Esta pesquisa de cunho cartográfico explorou o contexto sócio-histórico da EPS e da RC no DRS III e paisagens que compõem o mapa do aprendizado no que chamamos Rede-rizoma, entremeadas por análises de implicações e aprendizados na experiência, tanto de construção da pesquisa como da RC. Nos planos do rizoma houve momentos de aprendizado significativo, ecos nos municípios, interferências da pesquisa-intervenção, dentre outros componentes de tessitura da rede que envolveram seus atores, seus pontos de conexão, de tensão, de apoio. Nesse emaranhado quente e frio, interessou-nos explorar as singularidades do encontro e os movimentos de forças instituintes e do instituído com o compromisso de entender a EPS como ferramenta de trabalho para a institucionalização da RC. Percebemos a existência de microprocessos de institucionalização disparados no cotidiano do GCR, caracteristicamente paralisantes e mobilizadores, como a importância da participação social, ainda tímida, as tensões com a imobilidade municipal, as fragilidades-potencialidades dos recursos humanos e financeiros, e também resultados que refletem em alargamento e participação de novos atores, cooperação intermunicipal, fortalecimento dos Grupos Condutores Municipais da rede cegonha e uma gestão estadual disposta a deflagrar processos de formação participativos. Trata-se de movimentos que se revelaram em implicações de múltiplas bifurcações e em processos de EPS que se fazem de forma mutante, conformando a rede-rizomaThis dissertation resulted from a intervention-research which data production took place with the Regional Conductor Group of the Stork Network (GCR) in the DRS III of Araraquara - SP, part of the research project for the National Health System (PPSUS): The maternal and child health care network deployment process in the DRS III Araraquara: primary health care ordering the network care. Our purpose was to understand this collective as a Permanent Education in Health (EPS) space for the institutionalization of this Network, and also characterize the EPS in the DRS territory, understand their fragilities-potentialities and also the EPS processes produced inside the GCR for the implementation of RC, in face of challenges such as reducing child and maternal mortality and the comprehensive and humanized assistance to women and children. This qualitative research included the analysis of documents and the intervention-research using cartographic method which data production occurred in 2014, with members of the GCR and other PPSUS researchers. The analysis had as referential, the Work Process in Health and concepts of the Institutionalist Movement, from Institutional Analysis and Schizoanalysis currents. This cartographic research explored the EPS and RC socio-historical contexts in the DRS III and some landscapes that make up the learning map in what we call Net-rhizome, permeated by implication analysis and learning experience, both from research and RC construction. In the rhizome plans there were moments of meaningful learning, echoes in the municipalities, research-intervention interferences, among other weaving network components involving its actors, its connection, tension and support points. In this hot and cold tangle, we were interested in explore the uniqueness of the meeting and the movement of instituting forces and the instituted with the commitment to understanding the EPS as a tool for the RC institutionalization. We realized the existence of institutionalization microprocesses triggered in the GCR characteristically paralyzing and mobilizers, as the importance of social participation, even timid, tensions with municipal immobility, the fragilities-potentialities, human and financial resources, as well as results that reflect in enlargement and new actors participation, inter-municipal cooperation, strengthening of Municipal Conductor Groups and a state management willing to trigger participatory educational processes. Movements that have proven in multiple bifurcation implications and EPS processes in mutant forms conforming the net-rhizome
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Gillardin, Gérard. "Mise au point d'un appareillage de photoluminescence a haute resolution spatiale : application a l'etude des semiconducteurs et dispositifs electroniques iii-v." Clermont-Ferrand 2, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988CLF2D216.
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Description du dispositif permettant d'analyser des plaques de 2**(") de diametre a 1ok, avec de hautes resolutions laterales (20 et 1mu m), eventuellement a diverses energies. Realisation de cartographies a 300 et 10k: tres bonne correlation entre intensite de photoluminescence et defauts cristallins et chimiques; correspondance avec des mesures de resistivite electrique. Mise au point d'une procedure de qualification de l'homogeneite microscopique de gaas semi-isolant. Possibilite de prevoir la dispersion des tensions de seuil de transistors fet d'apres l'analyse du support de defaut, donc de classer et choisir les supports pour la realisation de circuits integres
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Forget, Mathilde. "Laminage asymétrique de l'alliage de magnésium AZ31." Phd thesis, Université de Grenoble, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00930193.
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L'alliage de magnésium AZ31 présente une très faible densité. Cette caractéristique en fait un matériau apprécié pour la conception de structures légères. La limitation principale de son utilisation industrielle est sa mauvaise formabilité et ce en raison de la texture cristallographique des tôles qui s'avère être peu adaptée aux procédés de mise en forme tel que l'emboutissage. Cette texture résultant du laminage initial, l'ambition de ce travail est de la modifier en utilisant la technique de laminage asymétrique et de mesurer l'impact de cette voie sur la formabilité de l'alliage. Il a été montré que l'asymétrie, produite par un différentiel de vitesses de rotation des cylindres du laminoir, induit systématiquement de fortes instabilités plastiques sous forme de bandes de cisaillement. Des techniques de cartographie sur microscope électronique en transmission (ACOM) et à balayage (EBSD) ainsi que des analyses de texture par DRX ont été utilisées pour analyser les mécanismes physiques concourant à l'émergence de cette instabilité. Il résulte de cette analyse que l'asymétrie du laminage provoque une forte activité du système de glissement basal que ne compense ni les autres systèmes ni le maclage. Ceci conduit à une localisation marquée de la déformation plastique et à la ruine du matériau.
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Yastrebov, Vladislav. "Mécanique numérique du contact : géométrie, détection et techniques de résolution." Phd thesis, École Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Paris, 2011. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00657305.
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Le but de ce travail était de fournir un cadre cohérent pour le traitement des problèmes de contact en utilisant une discrétisation de type noeud à segment. Trois aspects principaux de la mécanique numérique du contact ont été particulièrement considérés : la description de la géométrie, le problème de détection de contact et les techniques de résolution. Le manuscrit contient cependant une présentation complète de la mécanique du contact et des algorithmes numériques qui lui sont attachés. Un nouveau formalisme mathématique -- les s-structures -- est employé dans l'ensemble de la thèse. Il fournit un cadre de formulation intrinsèque qui permet d'exprimer de façon compacte un grand nombre de problèmes de mécanique et de physique. La thèse propose plusieurs idées originales et des extensions des techniques classiques, qui ont toutes été mises en œuvre dans le code de calcul par éléments finis ZéBuLoN (ZSeT). Plusieurs études de cas, présentées dans la thèse, viennent démontrer les performances et la robustesse des méthodes numériques utilisées pour la détection et la résolution.
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Robert, Donatien. "Etude multi-échelle des mécanismes de (dé)lithiation et de dégradation d'électrodes à base de LiFePO4 et de Silicium pour accumulateurs Li-ion." Phd thesis, Université de Grenoble, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00924945.
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Ces travaux ont permis d'approfondir les mécanismes de (dé)lithiation et de vieillissement dans des électrodes à base de silicium et de LiFePO4 pour accumulateurs Li-ion à partir d'observations multi-échelles. Des cartographies de phases, autant à l'échelle de la particule qu'à l'échelle de l'électrode, ont été menées par microscopie électronique mettant en évidence de fortes hétérogénéités. Pour le silicium, la mise en place de cartographie unique par STEM/EELS, s'appuyant sur une base de données des pertes faibles d'alliages sensibles à l'air et au faisceau d'électrons, a permis de comprendre les mécanismes de lithiation à l'échelle du nanomètre. L'étude de la première lithiation a montré des différences de mécanismes de réaction avec le lithium suivant deux facteurs : la taille des particules et les défauts au sein de celles-ci. Il a été observé une composition d'alliage LixSi plus faible pour les nanoparticules que pour les microparticules. Les défauts dus notamment au broyage constituent des sites préférentiels de lithiation. En vieillissement, les nanoparticules subissent de profonds changements structuraux et morphologiques, passant d'un état sphérique cristallin (50 nm) à un réseau de fils amorphe (5-10 nm d'épaisseur) contenu dans une matrice de SEI. Pour le LiFePO4, il a été clairement montré, par la combinaison de plusieurs techniques de microscopies électroniques (diffraction des électrons en précession, EFSD : Electron Forward Scattering Diffraction, EFTEM), que les particules de taille nanométrique (100-200 nm) étaient soit entièrement lithiées soit entièrement délithiées à l'équilibre thermodynamique. De fortes hétérogénéités ont été observées dans les électrodes fines comme dans les électrodes épaisses. A l'échelle des particules, l'analyse statistique de plus de 64000 particules a montré que les plus petites particules se délithient en premier. A l'échelle de l'agglomérat, les cartographies de phases ont révélé un mécanisme " cœur-coquille " : la réaction débute de la surface vers le centre des agglomérats. A l'échelle de l'électrode, le front de propagation de phase se déplace suivant des chemins préférentiels de plus grandes porosités de la surface de l'électrode vers le collecteur de courant. La conductivité ionique au sein de nos électrodes est le facteur limitant.
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Lepinay, Kevin. "Développement et applications de la tomographie chimique par spectroscopie EDX." Thesis, Lyon, INSA, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013ISAL0124/document.
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Cette thèse porte sur l’évaluation des techniques pour la tomographie chimique par STEM EDX : mise au point des procédures expérimentales, traitement des données, reconstruction des volumes, analyse de la qualité des résultats obtenus et évaluation de la complexité globale. Les performances très limitées de l’analyse STEM EDX font que peu d’études, jusqu’à aujourd’hui, se sont portées sur cette technique. Cependant, les avancées très notables procurées par les nouveaux détecteurs ‘SDD’ ainsi que les sources électroniques X-FEG haute brillance, rendant l’analyse STEM EDX 2D très rapide, ont relancé la possibilité de la tomographie chimique ; la technique demande toutefois à être mise au point et évaluée (performances et complexité). Nous avons travaillé sur un microscope Tecnai Osiris permettant d’acquérir des cartographies chimiques EDX de centaines de milliers de pixels avec une résolution de l’ordre du nanomètre en quelques minutes. Nous avons choisi de préparer par FIB des échantillons en forme de pointe et d’utiliser un porte-objet permettant une exploration angulaire de 180° sans ombrage. Puis, à l’aide d’échantillons modèles (billes de SiO2 dans une résine), nous avons évalué les déformations d’échantillon par l’irradiation du faisceau électronique. Ceci nous a permis de proposer une méthode pour limiter cet effet par déposition d’une couche de 20 nm de chrome. Des simulations d’images ont permis d’évaluer les logiciels et méthodes de reconstruction. La méthodologie de chaque étape d’une analyse de tomographie STEM EDX a ensuite été expliquée, et l’intérêt de la technique démontré grâce à la comparaison de l’analyse 2D et 3D d’un transistor FDSOI 28 nm. La qualité des reconstructions (rapport signal-sur-bruit, résolution spatiale) a été évaluée en fonction des paramètres expérimentaux à l’aide de simulations et d’expériences. Une résolution de 4 nm est démontrée grâce à l’analyse d’une mire et d’un transistor « gate all around ». Pour ce même transistor, la possibilité et l’intérêt d’analyse de défaillance à l’échelle nanométrique est prouvée. Une analyse d’un défaut de grille d’une SRAM ou de trous dans un pilier en cuivre permettent d’expliquer l’intérêt d’une combinaison d’un volume HAADF (morphologie et résolution < 4 nm) et du volume EDX (information chimique). La conclusion est que cette technique, qui reste encore à améliorer du point de vue de sa simplicité, montre déjà son utilité pour l’analyse et la mise au point des technologies avancées (nœud 20 nm et après)This thesis focuses on the evaluation of the STEM EDX chemical tomography technique: development of experimental procedures, data processing and volumes reconstruction, quality analysis of the results and evaluation of the overall complexity. Until now, STEM EDX analysis performances were very limited, so only few studies about this technique have been realized. However, very significant progress procured by the new SDD detectors as well as by the high brightness electronic sources (X-FEG), making the STEM EDX 2D analysis very fast, have revived the possibility of the chemical tomography, although the technique has to be developed and evaluated (performance and complexity). We have worked on a Tecnai Osiris which acquires EDX chemical mapping of hundreds of thousands of pixels with resolution of one nanometer and in a few minutes. We chose to prepare the rod-shaped samples by FIB and use a sample holder allowing an angle of exploration of 180° without shadowing effects. Then, using model samples (SiO2 balls in resin), we evaluated the sample deformation due to the electron beam irradiation. This allowed us to propose a method to reduce this effect by depositing a 20 nm chromium layer. Images simulations were used to evaluate the software and the reconstruction methods. The methodology of each step of the STEM EDX tomography analysis is then explained and the technique interest is demonstrated by comparing the 2D and the 3D analysis of a transistor 28 nm FDSOI. The quality of the reconstructions (signal-to-noise ratio, spatial resolution) was evaluated, in function of experimental parameters, using simulations and experiments. A resolution of 4 nm is demonstrated through the analysis of a test pattern and a "gate all around” transistor. For the same transistor, the possibility and the interest of a failure analysis at the nanoscale is proven. Analyses of a SRAM gate fail or of the holes in a copper pillar explain the benefits of a combination between a HAADF volume (morphology and resolution < 4 nm) and an EDX volume (chemical information). To conclude, this technique, which still needs to be improved in terms of simplicity, is already showing its usefulness for the analysis and the development of advanced technologies (20nm node and beyond)
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Mok, Jinmyoung. "Etude ultra-sensible en phase de nano-structures par interferométrie optique à balayage en champ proche." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015BORD0086/document.
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La construction d’un NSOM, dans ce manuscrit de thèse, est décrite en détail. Lacombinaison du système NSOM construit avec un interféromètre est proposée afin d’accéderà des mesures de phase, à la fois de ultra-haute sensibilité mais également de très granderésolution spatiale. Le nom de l’instrument développé est un interferomètre optique àbalayage en champ proche (NSOI, pour l’acronyme en anglais). Le principe est basé surl’utilisation d’un diapason accordable en cristal de quartz, sur lequel se trouve une pointe,afin de sonder le matériau étudié. La mesure de la force de cisaillement de la pointe sondeau voisinage de la surface permet d’assurer la régulation et la stabilité de la distance depositionnement de la pointe par rapport à la surface considérée. Le dispositif est construit encombinant différents éléments électroniques pilotés par un logiciel développé en langageLab-VIEW. Le bruit de la mesure en NSOI est supprimé par un calcul simple basé sur lathéorie de l’optique ondulatoire et des interférences associées. Le système permet deréaliser des mesures optiques en champ proche ainsi que la détermination en hauterésolution de la phase du champ optique. L’échantillon SNG01 (l’un des réseaux utilisés pourcaractériser notre microscope à balayage en champ proche), ainsi que des disques optiques(CD, DVD and disques blu-ray) ont été utilisés pour tester la faisabilité et les performancesde notre système.Dans ce manuscrit de thèse, le graphène et les monocouches de MoS2 sont étudiés. Nous montrons qu’une épaisseur à l’échelle atomique peut être résolue par notresystème NSOI, avec l’utilisation de l’algorithme de suppression du bruit de mesure. Lesjoints de grain du graphène sont observés à grande échelle, via la technique d’imagerie parcollection en champ proche et par la réalisation de cartographies de phase. En particulier,les tensions internes à une couche de graphène sont observées, uniquement dans le casd’une imagerie de phaseIn this thesis, near-field scanning optical interferometry (NSOI), which combinesNSOM with interferometer, is proposed for the phase measurement. The shear-forcedetection scheme is applied for distance regulation. The hardware of the systemis constructed by combining various electronic devices, and the operating softwareis coded by LabVIEW. Unwanted background signal is removed by simple calculationbased on interference theory. By using this, the near-field optical measurementand the ultra-sensitive phase investigation of nano-materials are performed. 2D materialssuch as graphene and monolayer MoS2 are investigated. It is shown thatatomic-scale thickness can be resolved by the NSOI. Especially, the grain boundariesof graphene and the seed of MoS2 can be found by phase detection. In addition,direct laser writing (DLW) on silver-containing glass is observed by using NSOM,and NSOI. For the first time, the writing threshold is correlatively observed in thefluorescence imaging and the near-field phase image
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Prince, Antoine. "Utilisation des données d'élévation LiDAR à haute résolution pour la cartographie numérique du matériel parental des sols." Thèse, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/23762.
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Les connaissances sur la morphologie de la Terre sont essentielles à la compréhension d’une variété de processus géomorphologiques et hydrologiques. Des avancées récentes dans le domaine de la télédétection ont significativement fait progresser notre habilité à se représenter la surface de la Terre. Parmi celles-ci, les données d’élévation LiDAR permettent la production de modèles numériques d’altitude (MNA) à haute résolution sur de grands territoires. Le LiDAR est une avancée technologique majeure permettant aux scientifiques de visualiser en détail la morphologie de la Terre et de représenter des reliefs peu prononcés, et ce, même sous la canopée des arbres. Une telle avancée technologique appelle au développement de nouvelles approches innovantes afin d’en réaliser le potentiel scientifique. Dans ce contexte, le présent travail vise à développer deux approches de cartographie numérique utilisant des données d’élévation LiDAR et servant à l’évaluation de la composition du sous-sol. La première approche à être développée utilise la localisation de crêtes de plage identifiées sur des MNA LiDAR afin de modéliser l’étendue maximale de la mer de Champlain, une large paléo-mer régionalement importante. Cette approche nous a permis de cartographier avec précision les 65 000 km2 autrefois inondés par la mer. Ce modèle sert à l’évaluation de la distribution des sédiments marins et littoraux dans les basses-terres du Saint-Laurent. La seconde approche utilise la relation entre des échantillons de matériel parental des sols (MPS) et des attributs topographiques dérivés de données LiDAR afin de cartographier à haute résolution et à une échelle régionale le MPS sur le Bouclier canadien. Pour ce faire, nous utilisons une approche novatrice combinant l’analyse d’image orientée-objet (AIOO) avec une classification par arbre décisionnel. Cette approche nous a permis de produire une carte du MPS à haute résolution sur plus de 185 km2 dans un environnement hétérogène de post-glaciation. Les connaissances issues de la production de ces deux modèles ont permis de conceptualiser la composition du sous-sol dans les régions limitrophes entre les basses-terres du Saint-Laurent et le Bouclier canadien. Ce modèle fournit aux chercheurs et aux gestionnaires de ressources des connaissances détaillées sur la géomorphologie de cette région et contribue à l’amélioration de notre capacité à saisir les services écosystémiques et à prédire les aléas environnementaux liés aux processus du sous-sol.Knowledge of the earth’s morphology is essential to the understanding of many geomorphic and hydrologic processes. Recent advancements in the field of remote sensing have significantly improved our ability to assess the earth’s surface. From these, LiDAR elevation data permits the production of high-resolution digital elevation models (DEMs) over large areas. LiDAR is a major technological advance as it allows geoscientists to visualize the earth’s morphology in high detail, even allowing us to resolve low-relief landforms in forested areas where the surface is obstructed by vegetation cover. Such a technological advance calls for the development of new and novel approaches to realize the scientific potential of this new spatial data. In this context, the present work aims to develop two digital mapping approaches that use LiDAR elevation data for assessing the earth’s subsurface composition. The first approach to be developed uses the location of low-relief beach ridges observed on LiDAR-derived DEMs to map the extent of a large and regionally important paleo-sea, the Champlain Sea. This approach allowed us to accurately map the 65,000 km2 area once inundated by sea water. The model serves to the assessment of the distribution of marine and littoral sediments in the St. Lawrence Lowlands. The second approach uses the relationship between field-acquired samples of soil parent material (SPM) and LiDAR-derived topographic attributes to map SPM at high-resolution and at a regional scale on the Canadian Shield. To do so, we used a novel approach that combined object-based image analysis (OBIA) with a classification tree algorithm. This approach allowed us to produce a fine-resolution 185 km2 map of SPM in a heterogeneous post-glaciation Precambrian Shield setting. The knowledge obtained from producing these two models allowed us to conceptualize the subsurface composition at the limit between the St. Lawrence Lowlands and the Canadian Shield. This insight provides researchers and resource managers with a more detailed understanding of the geomorphology of this area and contributes to improve our capacity to grasp ecosystem services and predict environmental hazards related to subsurface processes.
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Guerreiro, Sara Tinoco. "Cartografias do material e do imaterial: O caso de Marvila." Master's thesis, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10071/20258.
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O presente estudo, analisa Marvila através da sua morfologia, sua paisagem e o seu modo de vida. Olha para uma Marvila esquecida no mapa e procura entender o porquê.
À medida que Lisboa foi crescendo, o Vale de Chelas foi mantendo-se um território rural, sem edificado, durante bastante tempo.1 Com a revolução industrial, muitas fábricas co-meçaram a surgir na margem do rio Tejo, fazendo com que houvesse um êxodo-rural do norte do país à procura de trabalho. A falta de resposta à necessidade de habitação, faz emergir bairros como o Bairro Chinês e a PRODAC.2
Hoje em dia, Marvila é uma zona com vários edifícios e espaços abandonados e um pouco esquecida das suas origens, contudo, muitos projetos novos estão a surgir para a sua re-qualificação.
Neste contexto, e tendo como base o desafio de projetar um centro comunitário lançado pelo concurso da Trienal de Arquitetura de Lisboa, questionou-se como cartografar Mar-vila, surgindo a oportunidade de se realizar várias leituras cartográficas: morfológicas, sociais e culturais.
As cartografias, tanto materiais como imateriais, possibilitaram, na vertente teórica, uma melhor compreensão do território de Marvila, fazendo com que na segunda parte da dis-sertação, vertente prática, fosse possível fazer um centro comunitário consciente da rea-lidade, dando ao cidadão da metrópole um espaço com qualidade urbana.This study, analyses Marvila through its morphology, its landscape and its lifestyle. It looks at a forgotten Marvila on the map and trys to understand why that happened. As Lisbon grew, the Vale de Chelas was kept a rural territory for a long time. With the industrial revolution, many factories were built close by Tagus River, causing an increase in the rural north of the country looking for work. The lack of response to housing needs had let to neighborhoods such as Bairro Chinês and PRODAC. Nowadays, Marvila is an area with many abandoned buildings and spaces, that are some-how their origins are forgotten. However, many new projects are emerging, for their requalification. In this context and based on the challenge of the design of a community center, created by Trienal de Arquitetura, the question of “how to map” Marvila, has emerged, giving rise to an opportunity to perform various cartography readings: morphological, social and cultural. As cartographies, both material and immaterial, enabled theoretical aspects, a better un-derstanding of Marvila´s territory, giving to the second part of the dissertation, the pratical part, a better understanding of the of their reality, doing a conscious community center, giving the citizen a space with the quality they deserve.
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van, Haaften Peter. "Gesture, sound, and the algorithm : performative approaches to the revealing of chance process in material modulation = Geste, son et algorithme : approches performatives exposant les processus aléatoires dans la modulation de matériaux physiques." Thesis, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/24567.
Full textAbstract:
Mémoire en recherche-création / Creative dissertationCette thèse de maîtrise traite du processus créatif et de la recherche qui y est associée afin de produire deux performances en direct dans le domaine de la musique électroacoustique. À l’aide de ces deux œuvres, mon intention était de concevoir une pratique artistique qui réunit plusieurs modes autour de la gestuelle et du son, influencée par des algorithmes. Une tentative approfondie d’extraire un processus de composition à partir des réactions de la matière en vibration englobe une grande partie de la recherche. Cette recherche découle de ma transition d’une pratique artistique basée sur la représentation (soucieuse des haut-parleurs, manettes et boutons) vers une pratique imprégnée par la performance (soucieuse de la transformation continuelle du son en relation avec les modulations de la matière). Tout au long de cette recherche, j’ai mené un examen approfondi des rythmes au-delà de la pure mesure de leurs expressions musicales, pour considérer les nombreuses notions du rythme qui se dévoilent dans les interactions quotidiennes de l’expérience vécue. Les micro-rythmes perçus par l’oreille comme des textures, les gestes répétitifs perçus par l’œil comme un mouvement linéaire et les rythmes observés lors de circonstances sociales communes, comme la cadence de la conversation sont, parmi les caractéristiques du rythme qui ont suscité mon intérêt. Le tout se situe dans un récit historique éclairé qui étudie l’influence de l’algorithme et de la matière tout au long de la musique et de l’art sonore du XXe siècle. La recherche conceptuelle est enrichie par des expériences exhaustives en composition algorithmique, analyse gestuelle et modélisation gestuelle. Dans chacun de ces domaines, bien que soutenue par des lectures fondamentales en philosophie et en art, une approche primaire de la création s’est faite dans un processus « réfléchir-en-faisant » qui ont généré de nombreuses ex- périences tant avec la matière physique qu’avec la conception d’instruments numériques. Au- delà de la création des performances qui constituent la base des résultats de cette recherche, un vaste ensemble d’outils interopérables d’analyse gestuelle en temps réel, de modélisation, de composition algorithmique et de traitement du son a été développé et publié pour l’environnement Max/MSP.
This master’s thesis concerns the creative process and related research for the production of two live performances in the domain of electroacoustic music. Across the creation of the two works, my intention has been to develop a unified multi-modal gesture, sound, and algorithm influenced performance practise. Encompassing the largest portion of the research is an earnest attempt to derive compositional process from the behavior of vibrating matter. This research is precipitated by my movement from an artistic practice based on representation (concerned with speakers, knobs, and buttons) towards a practice steeped in performance (concerned with the continuous transformation of sound correlated to material modulation). Across this research, an in-depth investigation was conducted into rhythms beyond their purely metric musical manifestations, and into the numerous alternative notions of rhythm which are revealed through daily interactions and lived experience. Rhythmic artifacts of interest have included micro-rhythms perceived by the ear as textures, repetitive gestures perceived by the eye as linear motion, and rhythms observed in ordinary social situations such as the cadence of conversation. This is all situated within an informed historical narrative which considers the influence of the algorithm and material primarily across 20th century music and sound art. The conceptual research is augmented by extensive experiments in algorithmic composition, gesture analysis, and gesture mapping. In each of these areas, though tied to fundamental readings in philosophy and art, a primary approach to creation has been thinking-through-making, which has led to extensive experimentation with both physical materials and digital instrument design. Beyond the performance creations which form the basis of this research output, a large set of interoperable tools for real-time gesture analysis, mapping, algorithmic composition, and sound processing was developed and published for the Max/MSP environment.
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Novotná, Eva. "Kartografické kulturní dědictví." Doctoral thesis, 2021. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-446274.
Full textAbstract:
Disertace je zaměřena na kartografické kulturní dědictví. Zkoumá postupy a stav jeho zpracování i způsoby a nástroje pro zpřístupnění v paměťových institucích. Byly vytčeny dva hlavní cíle práce. Nejprve zpracovat teoretický model online zpřístupnění kartografického kulturního dědictví a ověřit jej na vzorku mapových sbírek. Dále na základě teoretického modelu vytvořit online nástroj pro zlepšení služeb mapových sbírek. K dosažení cíle byly použity kvalitativní výzkumné metody. Konkrétně se jednalo o dotazníkové šetření českých a zahraničních mapových sbírek a také o případové studie českých projektů zaměřených na zpracování a zpřístupnění kartografických památek. K naplnění cílů práce byly podle knihovnického referenčního modelu IFLA navrženy dílčí modely uživatelských úloh, jejichž cílem bylo najít, určit, vybrat, získat a prozkoumat dílo. Na jejich základě byla doporučena kritéria pro hodnocení uživatelských úloh. K ověření funkčnosti modelu došlo testováním 20 digitalizovaných mapových sbírek. Byl vytvořen webový nástroj Databáze digitalizovaných mapových sbírek pro zlepšení služeb mapových sbírek.