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Harty, Michal. "The association between maternal self-efficacy and maternal perception of child language competence." Diss., Pretoria : [s.n.], 2004. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-10052005-090227.
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Sarkar, Pampa. "Amniotic fluid endocrinology and its association with maternal stress." Thesis, Imperial College London, 2007. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.486366.
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The ability of the early intrauterine environment to program fetal neurodevelopment has been documented in several species, and there is evidence to suggest that a similar process may occur in humans. Glucocorticoids are the primary candidates for fetal hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) programming, but testosterone and DHEAS may also be involved. This thesis examines the relationship between these amniotic fluid honnones, particularly in the context of prenatal stress. Human studies lack the precision of animal experimental paradigms, and most stress protocols in humans have involved laboratory stressors poorly standardised for duration and nature of exposure. I aimed to use a standardised clinical stressor to examine the endocrine response in maternal plasma and amniotic fluid. I hypothesised that amniocentesis in a clinical setting elicits a maternal stress response associated with alterations in amniotic fluid steroidal hormones. I found amniocentesis to be associated with raised Spielberger state anxiety scores, validating the use of this procedure as a clinical model of psychological stress. Despite high state scores, only a modest rise of maternal cortisol (variance of 4%) was noted suggesting the response of an attenuated maternal HPA axis. I observed a positive correlation between maternal plasma cortisol and amniotic fluid cortisol that increased with gestational age. The magnitude of the correlation between maternal and amniotic fluid cortisol increased markedly with maternal state anxiety. A significant, positive correlation was observed between amniotic fluid cortisol and amniotic fluid testosterone. Amniotic fluid DHEAS correlated negatively with state anxiety scores but positively with maternal cortisol. This thesis characterises the relationships between the steroidal hormones cortisol, testosterone and DHEAS in amniotic fluid and in maternal plasma, especially in the context of prenatal stress generated by imminence of amniocentesis. The observations of a positive correlation between maternal and amniotic fluid cortisols, the magnitude increasing with gestation and maternal state anxiety scores, together with positive correlations between amniotic fluid cortisol and testosterone suggest more then one mechanism by which prenatal stress may influence fetal development.
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Buen, Mariana Mara 1983. "Associação do trabalho materno com parto prematuro espontâneo = Association between maternal occupacional and spontaneous." [s.n.], 2015. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/312597.
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Orientadores: Eliana Martorano Amaral, Renato Passini JúniorDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas
Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-27T21:50:32Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Buen_MarianaMara_M.pdf: 3098271 bytes, checksum: 4e4ae995f7451cd25844b253684946ac (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015
Resumo: Introdução: Os partos prematuros persistem como um problema de saúde complexo, sendo considerados a principal causa de mortalidade e morbidade neonatais. Com as mudanças do papel social da mulher e sua inserção no mercado de trabalho, é necessário avaliar o potencial efeito das atividades laborais na determinação da prematuridade. Objetivo: Analisar a associação entre trabalho materno e parto prematuro espontâneo. Sujeitos e Métodos: Trata-se de uma análise secundária de dados do Estudo Multicêntrico de Investigação em Prematuridade no Brasil (EMIP), originada das respostas de um questionário que investigou fatores de risco para prematuridade. Nesta análise foram incluídos 1280 casos e 1136 controles (gestações únicas). Foi criado um escore para avaliar o esforço no trabalho remunerado. Inicialmente foi feita uma análise descritiva, seguida por uma análise bivariada tendo como variável dependente o parto prematuro espontâneo e como variáveis independentes as características individuais do trabalho e também o escore, além de outros possíveis fatores de risco. Para todas as variáveis desta análise foram calculadas as razões de chance (OR) e respectivos intervalos de confiança (IC) 95%, bem como seus p valores. Ao final, aplicou-se a análise múltipla por regressão logística em dois modelos, na qual 30 variáveis preditoras entraram no modelo inicialmente. O primeiro modelo com o escore e o segundo com as características individuais do trabalho. Foram calculadas as razões de chance (OR) e respectivos intervalos de confiança (IC) 95%, bem como seus p-valores. Nas análises bivariada e múltipla, o plano de amostragem por conglomerado foi considerado. O nível de significância foi pré-fixado em 5%. Resultados: A análise multivariada com escore identificou como fatores de risco ter partos prematuros prévios (OR 4,47), polidrâmnio (OR 4,35), sangramento vaginal na gestação (OR 1,93). O ganho de peso, o IMC, a idade e anemia na gestação atual, além do próprio escore ?2, mostraram-se protetores para parto prematuro. No modelo multivariado com as características do trabalho remunerado, trabalhar até 7º-9º mês mostrou-se protetor em substituição ao escore. O trabalho doméstico também se mostrou como fator protetor para parto prematuro espontâneo. Conclusões: O esforço no trabalho remunerado pode ter se mostrado protetor por causalidade reversa ou por benefícios do trabalho remunerado, ainda não avaliados na literatura, em relação a bem-estar e percepção de qualidade de vida reduzindo risco de contrações prematuras. Alternativamente, pode ser que a intensidade do esforço físico no trabalho seja no máximo moderado, o que se mostra um fator associado a melhor prognóstico gestacional na literatura
Abstract: Background: Preterm birth, the major cause of neonatal mortality, remains as a complex issue. Changes in woman¿s social role while entrying the labor market pose a question on the effect of occupational activities on pregnancy outcomes, and we hypothetize that effort on paid work cause more premature birth. Methods: A secondary analysis from a questionnaire applied at Brazilian Multicenter Study on Investigation of Prematurity (EMIP), identified 1280 cases (spontaneous premature birth) and 1136 controls (term birth) in singleton pregnancies. A score on exertion during paid work included hours of work, standing, night shifts, physical effort, duration of work though gestation (maximum 5 points, one per each). Complementary independent variables contained individual work characteristics, and physical effort on household chores. Odds ratios with 95% confidence intervals were calculated. Backward multiple logistic regression analysis was applied for one model using the score, and another using the individual work characteristics, considering a conglomerate sampling plan. Results: Working score ?2, weight gain, body mass index, age and anemia had a protective effect, and previous preterm delivery, polyhydramnios, and vaginal bleeding during pregnancy were risk factors in the first multivariate analysis model. In the model with individual characteristics, working until 7th-9th month and carrying out household chores were protective factors for spontaneous premature birth. Conclusions: The protective effect of exertion during paid work may represent reverse causality. But risk reduction with household duties, and working until third trimester reinforce the hypothesis that physical effort may offer real protection against premature delivery. OBSERVAÇÃOCutter, membros e data banca, data orientador, avisar sobre DOI últimos assuntos q foram ajustados ao termo padronizado Decs
Mestrado
Saúde Materna e Perinatal
Mestra em Ciências da Saúde
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Anker, Regine Angelika. "The association between early maternal responsiveness and later child behaviour." Thesis, University of Exeter, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10871/13322.
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A baby’s early experiences have a crucial effect on their later development and adjustment. Early maternal sensitivity is a concept which has been associated with a crucial influence on these later child outcomes, including behavioural outcomes. Results from large longitudinal population based studies have provided conflicting evidence in relation to early maternal sensitivity, particularly sensitivity to non-distress, and later child behaviour and a need for further research in this area exists. The current study investigated early maternal sensitivity and its association with later child behaviour in a UK based population sample using data from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC). The study used a subsample of 766 mother-infant pairs who had data on observed maternal responsiveness at 12 months and on child behavioural difficulties derived from the Revised Rutter Parent Scale for Preschool Children at 42 months. Data for a number of potentially confounding variables, including maternal and child-based variables were also included in the analysis. Hypotheses were tested regarding an association between lower maternal responsiveness and higher child behavioural difficulties as well as regarding associations with further behavioural subscales of the Rutter scale, including a prosocial behaviour subscale. Results were analysed using a linear regression model with adjustments for groups of confounding variables. There was no evidence to support a relationship between lower maternal responsiveness and higher behavioural difficulties at 42 months although there was suggestion of a trend in the expected direction. Similar results were found for the subscales of the Rutter scale. The conclusion is that maternal sensitivity measured in this way does not have a strong relationship with child behaviour. One interpretation of these results is that there is a need to distinguish between maternal sensitivity to non-distress and to distress and ensure that the appropriate aspect of maternal sensitivity in relation to child behavioural outcomes is assessed. Limitations of the study are discussed and the effects of potential improvements are considered.
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Jones, Joseph Timothy. "The Association between Medical Marijuana Laws and Maternal Marijuana Use." ScholarWorks, 2017. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/3530.
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Marijuana is the most common illicit drug that is abused by pregnant women, and recently many states have adopted various levels of relaxed marijuana policies. The purpose of this study was to evaluate a potential association between residing in a state that allows medical marijuana use and maternal marijuana usage. Grounded in the theory of planned behavior, this study evaluated the prevalence and extent of maternal marijuana use in states that allow and states that do not allow medical marijuana use using the National Survey of Drug Use and Health (NSDUH). It was anticipated that more lenient subjective norms toward marijuana use and increased availability would support an increase of maternal marijuana use. The 2014 NSDUH was queried and analyzed using chi-square and logistic regression. The study revealed an increase of maternal marijuana use in states where medical marijuana was allowed, but the increase was not statistically significant. An increase of heavy users was observed in states where medical marijuana was allowed (54% versus 37%). Consistent with other research findings, this study revealed that young (OR = 3.56; 95% CI: 1.379, 9.213; p = 0.009) and unmarried (OR = 6.81; 95% CI: 2.485, 18.661; p < 0.001) pregnant woman were at higher risk for past month maternal marijuana use and had similar results for past year use. The unintended consequences of increased in utero marijuana exposure and its subsequent negative public health effects have been missing from the discussion of the relaxation of statewide marijuana policies. This study will provide policy makers responsible for changing marijuana policy with useful evidence on the unintended consequences of increased maternal marijuana use in areas where medical marijuana is allowed.
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Moynihan, Aimee. "The Association of Maternal Health Literacy Levels and Preterm Birth." ScholarWorks, 2015. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/398.
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According to the CDC, each year approximately 0.06 % of the world's population dies in infancy. The March of Dimes indicated that the leading causes of infant mortality include birth defects, preterm birth, low birth weight, sudden infant death syndrome, maternal complications of pregnancy, and respiratory distress syndrome, most of which are considered preventable with access to adequate prenatal care by mothers. The goal of this study was to examine the association between maternal health literacy levels and preterm birth. This research was based on the theoretical framework of the Interaction Model of Client Health Behavior. The hypothesis for this study was that reproductive-age women with low levels of maternal health literacy would be more likely to experience a preterm birth. In this case control study, cases were defined as women delivering before 37 weeks gestation. The REALM health literacy assessment tool was used in a sample of 169 women meeting the criteria; 56 fit the case criteria and 113 fit the control criteria. The data were analyzed in SPSS using logistic regression, with preterm birth as the dependent variable, and health literacy levels as the independent variable. When comparing mothers who delivered preterm to mothers that delivered term, there was no significance difference (p = 0.112) with respect to maternal health literacy. There was no association between low maternal health literacy levels, as assessed by the REALM instrument, and preterm birth for English-speaking women between the ages of 18 and 35 within the metropolitan Atlanta area. This study reinforces the need to reengage health practitioners to achieve a modest understanding of the principals of health literacy and the health literacy levels of their patients to assist in maternal health improvements. A focus on the development and implementation of educational competencies for clinicians on maternal health literacy would attribute to a positive social change.
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Dixie, Laura Mary. "The association between observed maternal sensitivity to non-distress and child temperament." Thesis, University of Exeter, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10871/13661.
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The relationship between maternal sensitivity (MS) and child outcomes has been examined by earlier research. There is some evidence that MS plays a role in shaping temperament development in early childhood. Child temperament outcomes are a significant predictor for functioning in later life. The study is based on 952 mother-infant pairs from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC). MS was observed at 12-months and temperament at 24-months. Linear regression was used to investigate the association between MS and temperament, adjusting for a range of confounders (temperament at 6 months, gender, SES, maternal mental health, maternal preconceptions of her child, parental conflict, gestation and maternal age). Multiple imputation was used to account for attrition. Mother-child interactions rated as “cool/moderate” were associated with more difficult temperament on the dimensions of “approach” (Coef 0.35, CI 0.09, 0.60),“rhythmicity”(Coef 0.43, CI 0.19, 0.68) and “adaptability” (Coef 0.24, CI 0.00, 0.49). The associations remained after adjusting for confounders in the imputed data set. There is evidence that maternal warmth may be influential in the development of child temperament, particularly positive affect, sociability and affect regulation. Further research is needed to replicate these findings.
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Best, Lara. "The association between maternal responsiveness and child social and emotional development." Thesis, University of Exeter, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10871/13642.
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Introduction. A mother’s verbal and non-verbal behaviour towards her infant is known as maternal responsiveness (MR). Positive MR is associated with better child social and emotional development (SED). A mother’s ability to accurately recognise emotions is thought to enhance MR. Method. Data from 1,122 mother-infant interactions from a longitudinal birth cohort study, was used firstly to examine whether positive MR at 12 months was associated with better child and adolescent SED, and secondly to explore whether better maternal facial and vocal expression recognition at 151 months was associated with positive MR and child SED. MR was measured using the Thorpe Interaction Measure (TIM) from observed mother-infant interactions and SED from questionnaire data adjusting for potential confounding variables. A test of facial expression recognition was used with vocal expression recognition additionally used in mothers. Results. Logistic regression revealed that positive MR was associated with positive SED outcomes in childhood but there was little effect in adolescence. Positive MR was associated with mothers having better facial and vocal expression recognition at 151 months and these recognition skills were associated with children showing less emotional problems at 158 months independent of MR. Adjustments for confounding variables had no effect on these results. Conclusion: These findings support the benefit of positive MR on a child’s SED in middle childhood. Further, the findings suggest that a mother’s facial and vocal expression recognition skills are important to both MR and a child’s SED. Limitations include subjective reporting of SED.
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Myers, Patricia D. "The Association of Maternal Pregnancy Complications and Sudden Infant Death Syndrome." [Tampa, Fla.] : University of South Florida, 2003. http://purl.fcla.edu/fcla/etd/SFE0000068.
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Gardner, Alison. "Association of Maternal Adipokines with Infant Anthropometry in Obese, Pregnant Women." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2011. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1307125407.
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Zhang, Fangyuan. "Detecting Genomic Imprinting and Maternal Effects in Family-Based Association Studies." The Ohio State University, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1429820748.
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Laverty, Meghan. "Association Between Maternal Pertussis Vaccination During Pregnancy and Early Childhood Health Outcomes." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/40084.
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Background: Little is known about whether there are any longer-term adverse health effects in children following Tdap (tetanus, diphtheria, and acellular pertussis) vaccination during pregnancy. Objective: To assess the association between maternal Tdap vaccination during pregnancy and risk of the following early childhood adverse health outcomes: (1) infections (upper and lower respiratory tract infections, gastrointestinal infections, and otitis media), (2) pediatric asthma, (3) neoplasm, (4) vision or hearing loss, and (5) urgent and in-patient health services utilization. Methods: This retrospective cohort study used multiple linked health administrative databases in the province of Ontario, Canada containing vaccine information in mothers and information on health outcomes in their children up to age 6 years. Infants exposed to prenatal Tdap were matched 1:5 with unexposed infants and outcomes were compared using hazard ratios and incidence rate ratios. Results: No significant adverse associations between prenatal Tdap and our study outcomes were observed. Inverse associations were found with upper respiratory infections (adjusted incidence rate ratio [aIRR]: 0.96, 95% CI: 0.93-0.99), lower respiratory infections (aIRR: 0.93, 95% CI: 0.89-0.98), gastrointestinal infections (aIRR: 0.88, 95% CI: 0.82-0.94), and urgent and in-patient health service utilization (aIRR: 0.95, 95% CI: 0.94-0.97). Conclusions: Our findings support the long-term safety of Tdap administration in pregnancy.
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Xu, Wenjing, and 许文静. "The association between maternal formaldehyde internal exposure does and miscarriage in Guangzhou, China." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2012. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B48426969.
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Background: Pregnancy is the fertilization and development of one or more offspring. It is a period of significant importance, during the time of which, health status of the mother could have profound impact on that of the fetus. Due to the one child policy in Mainland China, ensuring the baby’s health is of the utmost priority. In the past two years the incidence rate of miscarriage has been gradually increasing. It has an impact on mothers both physically and psychologically. Formaldehyde can be released for a long time from compound and furniture products in newly decorated houses and have become a chronic source of pollution. We are interested in whether there is any association between miscarriage and formaldehyde exposure. If the association exists, the evidence could be applied to support further research to identify the sources of formaldehyde and to support formulation of environmental public health policy to reduce formaldehyde exposure.
Objectives:
(1) To estimate whether the serum formaldehyde concentrations were different between miscarriage women and normal pregnant women at the same stage. (2) To investigate the normal serum formaldehyde concentration in pregnant women; and (3) to identify exposure factors in miscarriage patients.
Setting：Guangzhou Women and Children’s Medical Centre
Method: A case-control study was carried out to estimate the association between serum formaldehyde concentrations and miscarriage. 309 pregnant women who fulfilled the inclusion criteria participated in this study, 191 normal pregnant women at term delivery as the control group and 118 women who were diagnosed with miscarriage as the case group. The main outcome was miscarriage confirmed by ultrasound and physicians. The main exposure variable was serum formaldehyde concentration. Binary logistic regression was used to estimate the crude and adjusted odds ratios for a diagnosis of miscarriage for each independent variable. The odds ratio (OR) would be used to estimate the relative risk of the serum formaldehyde concentration in miscarriage women compared with those women who were not diagnosed miscarriage. We also categorized the values of formaldehyde into quartile, and put them into logistic regression as continuous variable to test the linear dose-response relationship. Then we tested whether there would be a significant linear trend that the increasing of serum formaldehyde concentration level leads to the increased risk of miscarriage. Chi-squared tests were performed to test the association between diagnosis of miscarriage and various independent variables. And Chi-squared tests for linear trend were also used for ordinal independent to study any dose-response relationship.
Results：The mean serum formaldehyde concentration was 0.0944 in the case group and 0.0239 in the control group. The difference was statistically significant. All characteristics between case group and control group were quite similar. After adjusting for age, occupation，education level, household income, home decoration situation, the following factors remained having independent impact on the miscarriage. They were formaldehyde and second-hand smoke (crude ORs=7.87 [95%CI: 4.96, 12.49]; 3.20[95%CI: 1.86, 5.52] respectively, adjusted ORs=8.06 [95%CI: 4.96, 13.09]; 3.60[95%CI: 1.58, 8.20] respectively). Exposure to formaldehyde and second-hand smoke were significantly associated with higher risk of miscarriage. The liner dose response association between formaldehyde level and miscarriage was presented with P value for trend less than 0.001.
Conclusions：Our study provided some evidence of the association between the serum formaldehyde level and miscarriage. A significant linear trend was found that the increasing of serum formaldehyde concentration level lead to the increase the risk of miscarriage. And we also found that second-hand smoking was contributive to miscarriage. This association did not confound by age, occupation, education level, household income, or home decoration situation.published_or_final_version
Public Health
Master
Master of Public Health
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D'Agostino, Lisa. "The association between maternal resiliency, perceptions of touch, and reports of infant touch." Honors in the Major Thesis, University of Central Florida, 2012. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETH/id/838.
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Whelan, Elizabeth M. "The association between childhood feeding problems and maternal eating disorder : a community study." Thesis, University of Reading, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.270266.
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Costa, Natalie. "Maternal and Child Anxiety: Do Attachment Beliefs and Parenting Behaviors Mediate the Association?" ScholarWorks@UNO, 2004. http://scholarworks.uno.edu/td/163.
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This paper examines the role of attachment beliefs and parenting behaviors on the association between maternal and child anxiety in a community sample of mothers and their children aged 6-17 (N = 89). Maternal anxiety was assessed through the SCL-90 & STAI-T. Child anxiety was assessed through the RCMAS-C, STAIC-T, RCMAS-P, & CBCL. Attachment beliefs were assessed through the Experiences in Close Relationships (maternal) and the Inventory of Parent and Peer Attachment (child). Parenting behaviors were assessed through the Alabama Parenting Questionnaire and the Children's Report of Parent Behavior Inventory. Significant associations were found between maternal and child anxiety, attachment beliefs, and parenting. Multiple regression analysis indicated that Anxious Attachment Beliefs and Parental Involvement appeared to mediate the association between maternal and child anxiety. Findings are discussed in terms of elucidating the role of attachment beliefs and parenting behaviors on the association between maternal and child anxiety.
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Yang, Jingyuan. "Likelihood Approaches for Detecting Imprinting and Maternal Effects in Family-Based Association Studies." The Ohio State University, 2010. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1275426657.
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Matji, Joan Nteboheleng. "Association between postnatal maternal nutritional status, maternal HIV disease progression and infant feeding practices in 4 clinics in Pretoria, South Africa." Pretoria: [s.n.], 2009. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-03082010-090805/.
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Bergfelder-Drüing, Sarah [Verfasser]. "Genome-wide association study for reproduction traits in maternal pig breeds / Sarah Bergfelder-Drüing." Bonn : Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Bonn, 2015. http://d-nb.info/1080591702/34.
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Fung, Jenny, Bizu Gelaye, Qiu-Yue Zhong, Sixto E. S. Sánchez, Yasmin V. Barrios, Karin Hevner, Chunfang Qiu, Michelle A. Williams, and Marta B. Rondón. "Association of decreased serum brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) concentrations in early pregnancy with antepartum depression." Biomed Central Ltd, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10757/552401.
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ude.dravrah.egelloc@gnufynnejThis research was supported by awards from the National Institutes of Health (NIH), the Eunice Kennedy Shriver Institute of Child Health and Human Development (R01-HD-059835) and the National Institute for Minority Health and Health Disparities (T37-MD000149). The NIH had no further role in study design; in the collection, analysis and interpretation of data; in the writing of the report; and in the decision to submit the paper for publication. The authors wish to thank the dedicated staff members of Asociacion Civil Proyectos en Salud (PROESA), Peru and Instituto Especializado Materno Perinatal, Peru for their expert technical assistance with this research.
Revisión por pares
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Panjsheri, Saiqa. "Child health: mother knows best the association between child malnutrition and maternal education in Nepal /." CONNECT TO ELECTRONIC THESIS, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1961/6769.
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Kistin, Caroline J. "Prevalence of maternal trauma exposure and association with teacher rating of child social skills in preschool." Thesis, Boston University, 2013. https://hdl.handle.net/2144/21192.
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Thesis (M.S.M.) PLEASE NOTE: Boston University Libraries did not receive an Authorization To Manage form for this thesis or dissertation. It is therefore not openly accessible, though it may be available by request. If you are the author or principal advisor of this work and would like to request open access for it, please contact us at open-help@bu.edu. Thank you.OBJECTIVE: To examine the association between maternal trauma exposure and children's social skills in preschool. METHODS: We nested a prospective cohort study within an ongoing randomized controlled trial of a maternal depression prevention intervention. Each participating mother had a three to five year-old child in Head Start. Maternal trauma history was assessed at baseline. Six months later, Head Start teachers (masked to both study arm and mothers' depression status) completed the Social Skills Rating system (SSRS) to assess children's social skills and problem behaviors. SSRS scores of children of mothers with and without a trauma history were compared using t-tests for bivariate comparisons. To evaluate for potential effect measure modification and confounding, we conducted a stratified analysis by the variables of interest. We evaluated for effect measure modification by comparing stratum-specific estimates to each other. we then evaluated for confounding by comparing the standardized to the crude estimates. Finally, we conducted a multivariate analysis, adjusting for potential confounders. RESULTS: Eighty-two mother-child pairs completed the baseline and follow-up evaluations. Sixty mothers (73%) reported a history of trauma. The most common traumatic exposures included emotional abuse (58%), the violent death of a close contact (53%), and physical assault (43%). In the bivariate analysis, children of mothers with a history of trauma had lower overall social skills scores when compared to children of mothers without trauma [101.48 (54th percentile) vs. 109.18 (66th percentile), p. 0.04]. When adjusted for multiple potential confounders, mean social skills scores were 10.01 points lower (95% CI -18.88, -1.14) for children of mothers with a history of trauma. There was no evidence of effect measure modification by study group assignment, ethnicity single parenthood, or depression score. CONCLUSIONS: Among urban Head Start mothers, trauma exposure is common and is associated with lower child social skills. Because social skills are a critical aspect of kindergarten readiness, specifically addressing maternal trauma in preschool programs that serve high-risk populations may be important.
2031-01-01
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Meyer, Jimmy Elaine Wilkinson. "Birth control policy, practice and prohibition in the 1930s: The Maternal Health Association of Cleveland, Ohio." Case Western Reserve University School of Graduate Studies / OhioLINK, 1993. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1056740676.
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Cha, Susan. "The Association between Prenatal Care Content and Quality with Preterm Birth and Maternal Postpartum Health Behaviors." VCU Scholars Compass, 2010. http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/2079.
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Background: Health policies that seek to improve pregnancy outcomes focus on increasing the availability and access to prenatal care (PNC) services based on studies that support an association between insufficient PNC and adverse birth outcomes. These studies employ PNC utilization indices that measure the adequacy of PNC use, but these indices fail to account for the content or specific components of PNC. Objectives: The purpose of this study was to utilize PRAMS and birth certificate data to evaluate the content and quality of PNC in Virginia, and its impact on preterm birth and maternal postpartum health behaviors. Methods: Data was from the 2007 Virginia Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System (PRAMS). This population-based data is representative of all Virginia women who have had a live birth recently and included 1,236 female participants. Results: Inadequate PNC was associated with nearly a three-fold increase in risk of low birth weight (OR = 2.8, 95% CI = 1.5, 5.2), but not preterm birth. Women with adequate plus PNC were more likely to deliver infants who were preterm (OR = 10.2, 95% CI = 4.3, 24.4) and low birth weight (OR = 6.3, 95% CI = 4.2, 9.4). After adjusting for method of payment, income, and reported problems during pregnancy, women with lower income and no private insurance were more likely to have inadequate PNC (OR = 1.4, 95% CI = 0.5, 4.1) and (OR = 8.8, 95% CI = 1.3, 59.8), respectively. Provider discussions were not different based on adequacy of PNC. In addition, among women who received adequate PNC, those whose providers discussed postpartum birth control use were 4.5 times more likely to use birth control after delivery compared to women who did not receive education (95% CI=1.7, 11.8). Conclusion: The lack of strong associations between adequacy of PNC and birth outcomes indicate that there are other factors (intergenerational, stress, cultural) that may play a more prominent role in predicting maternal and infant health.
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Mateja, Walter A. Jr. "The Association between Maternal Alcohol Use in Early Pregnancy and Congenital Cardiac Defects: An Exploratory Study." Diss., Temple University Libraries, 2009. http://cdm16002.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p245801coll10/id/37968.
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Public HealthPh.D.
Background. Alcohol-use is an identifiable and preventable risk factor among women seeking to become pregnant. Maternal alcohol-use during pregnancy may be related to congenital cardiac defects, one of the leading types of birth defects. Methods. This study used data from the Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring Surveillance (PRAMS), an ongoing national study administered in selected participating states. Alcohol use and other risk factors were obtained from the PRAMS survey linked to birth defects data from birth certificates in 9 participating states over a ten year period (1996-2005). In this study cases included infants born with a congenital cardiac defect as indicated on the birth certificate. Cases were compared to two control groups. One control group consisted of infants with no indication of a congenital abnormality on their birth certificate. A second control group consisted of infants born with Down's syndrome indicated on their birth certificate. Odds ratios for congenital cardiac defects were computed for maternal alcohol use, frequent drinking, binge drinking and continued drinking through logistic regression. Results. Differences were found in the odds of congenital cardiac defects among mothers who reported binge drinking on more than once occasion in the 3 months prior to pregnancy. Maternal binge drinking on multiple occasions was found to be a risk factor for congenital cardiac defects (OR 2.99; CI 1.19-7.51) when nonaffected controls were used as a reference group. Significant interaction between binge drinking and smoking in the 3 months prior to pregnancy was noted with both control groups. Conclusion. Binge drinking in early pregnancy may be a risk factor for congenital cardiac defects, particularly when combined with smoking.
Temple University--Theses
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Thompson, Cassandra. "The Association Between Parental Alcohol Use in Early Childhood and Adolescent Alcohol Use." Bowling Green State University / OhioLINK, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=bgsu1565436272643583.
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Bessa, Yawo. "Impacts of Postmodernity Factors on the Association Between Maternal Distress and Children's Delinquency Among Low-income Families." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2012. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc177178/.
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This study investigates the effects of postmodern factors on the relationship between maternal distress and children's delinquency. It seeks to understand the factors associated with distress levels of mothers whose children exhibit delinquency in order to potentially decrease the cost associated with mental health problems especially in mothers. Another goal of this study is to contribute to the sociological analysis of mental health problems which seem to be the reserved domain of the discipline of psychology and related subfields. The data came from the third wave of the 3-city study with N = 1835. The ages of the children range from 5 to 18 years old. The analysis of the data using regression analysis suggests children's delinquency significantly affects maternal distress in mothers. The study also indicates postmodernity factors did not moderate the association between maternal distress and children's delinquency. However, postmodern factors have significant, separate, and direct effects on maternal distress. For example, employment and religion have positive influences on maternal distress. The research points toward weakness in the postmodern perspective. It also underlines the importance of a sociological approach to the assessment and treatment of distress problems among mothers with low-income. Agencies working with low-income families should integrate the sociological approach in their intervention programs. Additionally, the study uncovers possible problems with assessment criteria used by these agencies to determine eligibility for assistance among low-income families such as education levels; and consequently calls for further investigation.
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Sánchez-Siancas, Luis E., Angélica Rodríguez-Medina, Alejandro Piscoya, and Antonio Bernabe-Ortiz. "Association between perceived social support and induced abortion: A study in maternal health centers in Lima, Peru." PLoS ONE, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10757/623478.
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Objectives This study aimed to assess the association between perceived social support and induced abortion among young women in Lima, Peru. In addition, prevalence and incidence of induced abortion was estimated. Methods/Principal findings A cross-sectional study enrolling women aged 18–25 years from maternal health centers in Southern Lima, Peru, was conducted. Induced abortion was defined as the difference between the total number of pregnancies ended in abortion and the number of spontaneous abortions; whereas perceived social support was assessed using the DUKE-UNC scale. Prevalence and incidence of induced abortion (per 100 person-years risk) was estimated, and the association of interest was evaluated using Poisson regression models with robust variance. A total of 298 women were enrolled, mean age 21.7 (± 2.2) years. Low levels of social support were found in 43.6% (95%CI 38.0%–49.3%), and 17.4% (95%CI: 13.1%–21.8%) women reported at least one induced abortion. The incidence of induced abortion was 2.37 (95%CI: 1.81–3.11) per 100 person-years risk. The multivariable model showed evidence of the association between low perceived social support and induced abortion (RR = 1.94; 95%CI: 1.14–3.30) after controlling for confounders. Conclusions There was evidence of an association between low perceived social support and induced abortion among women aged 18 to 25 years. Incidence of induced abortion was similar or even greater than rates of countries where abortion is legal. Strategies to increase social support and reduce induced abortion rates are needed.
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Ozodiegwu, Ifeoma D., Hadii M. Mamudu, Liang Wang, Rick Wallace, Megan Quinn, Ying Liu, and Henry V. Doctor. "Country-Level Analysis of the Association Between Maternal Obesity and Neonatal Mortality in 34 Sub-Saharan African Countries." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2019. https://doi.org/10.5334/aogh.2510.
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Background: Prior work examining the association of maternal obesity and neonatal mortality indicate the presence of a positive relationship. However, regional evidence to provide insight on country-level heterogeneities within sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) with nationally representative datasets are non-existent.
Objective: We aimed to determine the relationship between maternal obesity and neonatal mortality at the country level in SSA countries. Moreover, we also estimate regional measures of association to complement previous findings.
Methods: Demographic and Health Survey (DHS) data from 34 SSA countries conducted from 2006–2016 were used for this study. After missing data (36.9% of cases) were addressed with multiple imputations, we identified a total of 175,860 women for the analysis. Complete case and multiply imputed datasets were analyzed individually with multilevel logistic regression models. Potential confounders adjusted for in the regression model included maternal age, level of educational attainment, area of residence, access to prenatal care, birth order and multiple birth (singleton vs twin birth). Regional and country-specific associations were computed, and unadjusted and adjusted odds ratios (ORs), along with the confidence intervals (CIs) were reported.
Findings: Of the total study population, 8,451 (7.6%) were obese. In the regional level analyses, maternal obesity was associated with 40% increased odds of neonatal deaths. This finding was consistent in subgroup analyses by urban and rural residence, and geographic region of residence in SSA. Additionally, obese women were more likely to report neonatal death in the first week of life (OR, days 0–1: 1.39, 95% CI 1.15–1.69; OR, days 2–6: 1.35, 95% CI 1.02–1.79). In the individual country analyses, majority of the countries studied had central estimates supporting elevated odds of neonatal mortality, but the confidence intervals were imprecise.
Conclusion: This study highlights the potential burden of neonatal mortality borne by obese women in SSA. There is, however, a need for longitudinal studies to confirm the results.
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Agumeneitwe, Herbert. "A cross-sectional study examining the association between maternal education and childhood (12-23 months) immunization in Uganda." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Internationell mödra- och barnhälsovård (IMCH), 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-412938.
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Introduction: Complete childhood Immunization remains the most effective way for prevention of Vaccine Preventable Diseases. The 2016 Uganda Demography Health Survey (UDHS) reported that only 55% of children aged 12-23 months had been fully vaccinated. The relationship between maternal education and childhood immunization among Ugandan children remains unclear with most of the studies done being limited in scope. Objective: To investigate the association between maternal education and childhood immunization in Uganda. Methods: This study was based on analysis of data from the UDHS. The study included 2815 children aged 12 – 23 months. Permission and data to conduct the analyses was sought from the DHS Program website. Bivariate and multivariate logistic regression models were used to assess association between the maternal education and full immunization. Adjusted odds ratios (OR) with their 95% confidence intervals (CI) were reported. A p value <0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: Association between maternal education and childhood immunization was statistically significant (Primary Education - OR = 0.50 95%CI: 0.32 - 0.77, P value = 0.002 and Secondary Education – OR = 0.62 95%CI: 0.39 – 0.97, P value = 0.038). ANC visits, possession of a Child Health Card also had a strong effect on Childhood Immunization. Conclusion: Lower maternal education is associated with reduced completion of childhood immunization. To promote childhood immunization Parents with education lower than Secondary School should be targeted and the usefulness of ANC visits should be emphasized.
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Gaudet, Caroline. "The Association of Acute and Chronic Postpartum Pain with Postpartum Depression in a Nationally Representative Sample of Canadian Women." Thèse, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/20091.
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The association between pain and depression is well documented across various populations, but not in puerperal women. This study examined the association of childbirth pain with postpartum depression (PPD) in a nationally representative sample of Canadian women. Data from the Canadian Maternity Experiences Survey (n=6421) was used. Multivariate logistic regressions and partial proportional odds models were fitted and included socio-demographic, obstetric, health, psychological, and psychosocial factors. Chronic pain sufferers at mean 7.3 months postpartum had adjusted odds of PPD of 2.4 (95% CI: 1.6, 3.6) compared to women without pain. Adjusted odds of PPD increased with the number of areas of chronic pain, reaching 4.2 (95% C.I.: 0.7, 25.0) for 3 or more areas. Immigration, obesity, cesarean section and social support increased the strength of the association while smoking and the use of pain relief were protective effect modifiers. Persistent postpartum pain is a major risk factor for PPD.
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Yamamoto(Sasaki), Madoka. "Association between antidepressant use during pregnancy and autism spectrum disorder in children: A retrospective cohort study based on Japanese claims data." Kyoto University, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/243309.
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Jones, Rebecca Rhianwen. "Investigation of maternal factors of mood and bonding in association with infant interest in the mother-face and stranger face." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 2009. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.505331.
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The first section of this thesis reviews research on maternal mood and infant development and concludes that associations between maternal mood and infant development exist. The review identifies a number of limitations to the existing literature, including the potential confound of measuring infant behaviour only when in interaction with their mother. Whilst studies on social and emotional development included the mother in the assessment of infant behaviour, studies on cognitive development benefited from assessing infant behaviour without their mother. However, within this area of infant cognition very little research interest was directed towards young infants, and in particular early perceptual abilities, therefore this represented an area requiring further research. To address this gap in the literature, a study of early infant perceptual interest was conducted in relation to maternal mood and bonding. Perceptual interest in the mother's face was selected as this has received considerable attention in the general developmental literature, but not previously in relation to maternal mood. The motherface has been clearly shown to be of interest to the young infant. This thesis finds that maternal mood is associated with 3-month-old infant's interest in their mother's face, with reduced interest shown by infants' whose mothers show mood symptoms. Maternal anxiety and depression scores were found to predict infant interest in their mother's face, however no associations were found with bonding, suggesting that bonding was not a mediating factor. The clinical and theoretical implications of the associations are discussed.
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Sevenoaks, Tatum. "The association of maternal HIV status during pregnancy on longitudinal neuro-immune regulation, and neurodevelopment in HIV-exposed uninfected children." Master's thesis, Faculty of Health Sciences, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/33020.
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Introduction: It has long been established that the Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) and its effects, such as its impact on the immune system and then the numerous consequences on other biological systems including the central nervous system (CNS), have had a significant effect worldwide. This is particularly relevant in South Africa, where the prevalence of adults living with HIV remains high. However, with the improved access to antiretroviral therapy (ART), more children are now being born uninfected with HIV while still being exposed to the virus in utero. Exposure to HIV in utero may still negatively affect the developing brain of these children. However, the biological mechanisms involved in the neurodevelopmental outcomes in HIV-exposed uninfected (HEU) children are still largely unknown. Evidence from clinical studies showed that HEU children have an altered immune regulation compared to their unexposed counterparts, and this is hypothesised to play a role in neurodevelopmental outcomes in HEU children. The aim of this study was to evaluate the longitudinal relationship between the inflammatory environment of pregnant mothers living with HIV on ART and their children and the association of the inflammatory environment with neurodevelopmental outcomes in HEU children. Methods: This study was performed in a sub-sample of the Drakenstein Child Health Study (DCHS), a South African birth cohort of 1137 mother-infant pairs. This sub-study included mothers at ≈26 weeks gestation (n=267), their infants at 6-10 weeks (n=222) and children at 24-28 months (n=267). Maternal HIV status was determined at ≈26 weeks gestation. This sub-study included n=190 HIV negative mother-infant pairs and n=77 HIV positive mother-infant pairs. Serum inflammatory markers (Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM CSF), Interferon-γ (IFN-γ), Interleukin IL-1β, IL-2, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-7, IL-8, IL-10, IL-12p70, IL-13, tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL/Lcn2) and metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9)) were analyzed in all study participants with a multiplex bead array and ELISA. The Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development (Bayley-III) were used to assess the neurodevelopmental domains: cognitive, motor, language, social-emotional behaviour and adaptive behaviour at 24-28 months of age. Results: Mothers living with HIV on ART had significantly lower levels of the inflammatory markers GM-CSF and MMP9 compared to mothers without HIV. Serum levels of inflammatory markers IFN-γ and IL-1β were significantly lower in HEU infants at 6-10 weeks compared to HIV-unexposed uninfected (HUU) infants. At 24-28 months of age, HEU children also proved to have significantly lower serum levels of the inflammatory markers IFN-γ, IL-1β, IL-2 and IL-4 compared with HUU children. Increased levels of the inflammatory markers; GM-CSF, IFN-γ, IL-10, IL-12p70, IL-1β, IL-2, IL-4, IL-6 and Lcn2 in HEU infants at 6-10 weeks of age was associated with impaired motor neurodevelopment at 24-28 months of age. Conclusion: This is the first study to evaluate the longitudinal associations of immune markers with neurodevelopment in HEU children. The results show that maternal HIV infection was associated with lower levels of inflammatory markers in mothers and their children. Our results further indicate that an altered immune system in HEU infants, specifically at the earliest stages of life, was associated with impaired motor function at 2 years of age. These findings may provide further insights into the involvement of immune regulation, linking maternal HIV status and neurodevelopment in South African HEU children.
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Katwan, Elizabeth. "Childhood behavioral and developmental disorders : association with maternal alcohol consumption and use of health services in Cape Town, South Africa." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/9038.
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Includes bibliographical references.[Background] Prenatal alcohol exposure can result in a range of permanent birth defects known as Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders (FASD). Fetal Alcohol Syndrome (FAS), which detrimentally affects the neurodevelopmental, physical, and social capabilities of children, is the most severe diagnosis on this scale of disorders. Research suggests that FASD rates exceed FAS in various populations. South Africa’s Western Cape region has one of the highest rates of FAS in the world. [Hypothesis] In populations where the prevalence of full-blown FAS is already known to be high, such as the Western Cape, other, less severe childhood developmental and behavioural disorders may be due to prenatal alcohol exposure. Objectives The aim of this research was to determine the odds of maternal alcohol use in children with behavioural and/or developmental disorders (BDD) in comparison to children free from behavioural disorders. This project also examined the average utilisation of health services by children with BDD as an arm of a larger study on the economic burden of FAS in South Africa. [Methods] Opportunistic sampling was employed to select parents or caretakers of 110 children aged 4 to 12 for interviews at a tertiary children’s public hospital in Cape Town. Health service utilization and maternal alcohol consumption habits were compared between 55 cases, children with BDD and 55 controls, children free from such disorders. Univariate analyses and logistic regression methods were used to determine these associations. [Ethics] The University of Cape Town Research Ethics Committee approved this study. Dr. T. Blake, Senior Medical Superintendent of Red Cross War Memorial Children’s Hospital granted access to Red Cross Hospital. Before each study interview was conducted, informed consent, which emphasized confidentiality of responses and the right to refuse to answer a question or withdraw from the interview, was taken from the adult respondent. We also explained to participants that they would remain anonymous and that their answers would not affect their child’s treatment in the clinics. [Results] BDD were significantly associated with current maternal alcohol consumption, maternal binge drinking in the last six months, and maternal alcohol use six months before pregnancy, but not significantly with reported maternal gestational drinking. The median number of visits to a clinic in the last six months was significantly higher for cases than for controls. [Conclusions] Childhood BDD among our study participants were not attributed to prenatal alcohol exposure. Current maternal alcohol consumption has a significant impact on BDD in children, possibly serving as a proxy for unstable home environments. The competing environmental factors that influence childhood BDD warrants further research.
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Bérard, Anick, Andrea Gaedigk, Odile Sheehy, Christina Chambers, Mark Roth, Pina Bozzo, Diana Johnson, et al. "Association between CYP2D6 Genotypes and the Risk of Antidepressant Discontinuation, Dosage Modification and the Occurrence of Maternal Depression during Pregnancy." FRONTIERS MEDIA SA, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/625212.
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Importance: Polymorphic expression of drug metabolizing enzymes affects the metabolism of antidepressants, and thus can contribute to drug response and/or adverse events. Pregnancy itself can affect CYP2D6 activity with profound variations determined by CYP2D6 genotype. Objective: To investigate the association between CYP2D6 genotype and the risk of antidepressant discontinuation, dosage modification, and the occurrence of maternal CYP2D6, Antidepressants, Depression during pregnancy. Setting: Data from the Organization of Teratology Information Specialists (OTIS) Antidepressants in Pregnancy Cohort, 2006-2010, were used. Women were eligible if they were within 14 completed weeks of pregnancy at recruitment and exposed to an antidepressant or having any exposures considered non-teratogenic. Main Outcomes and Measures: Gestational antidepressant usage was self-reported and defined as continuous/discontinued use, and non-use; dosage modification was further documented. Maternal depression and anxiety were measured every trimester using the telephone interviewer-administered Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale and the Beck Anxiety Inventory, respectively. Saliva samples were collected and used for CYP2D6 genotype analyses. Logistic regression models were used to calculate crude and adjusted odds ratios (OR) with 95% confidence intervals. Results: A total of 246 pregnant women were included in the study. The majority were normal metabolizers (NM, n = 204, 83%); 3.3% (n = 8) were ultrarapid metabolizers (UM), 5.7%(n = 14) poor metabolizers (PM), and 8.1%(n= 20) intermediate metabolizers (IM). Among study subjects, 139 women were treated with antidepressants at the beginning of pregnancy, and 21 antidepressant users (15%) discontinued therapy during pregnancy. Adjusting for depressive symptoms, and other potential confounders, the risk of discontinuing antidepressants during pregnancy was nearly four times higher in slow metabolizers (poor or intermediate metabolizers) compared to those with a faster metabolism rate (normal or ultrarapid metabolizers), aOR = 3.57 (95% CI: 1.15-11.11). Predicted CYP2D6 metabolizer status did not impact dosage modifications. Compared with slow metabolizers, significantly higher proportion of women in the fast metabolizer group had depressive symptomin the first trimester (19.81 vs. 5.88%, P = 0.049). Almost 21% of treated women remained depressed during pregnancy (14.4% NM-UM; 6.1% PM-IM). Conclusions and Relevance: Prior knowledge of CYP2D6 genotype may help to identify pregnant women at greater risk of antidepressant discontinuation. Twenty percent of women exposed to antidepressants during pregnancy remained depressed, indicating an urgent need for personalized treatment of depression during pregnancy.
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Hardee, Angelica. "Association of Malaria Control Methods and Healthcare Access among Pregnant Women in the Democratic Republic of the Congo." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1490350707310335.
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Mellott, Leanna Marie. "The Association Between Maternal Relationship Transitions and Child Behavioral Outcomes: An Examination of Selection Effects and the Mediating Impact of Parenting." The Ohio State University, 2010. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1284119193.
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Santiago-Colón, Albeliz. "Association between Maternal Occupational Exposure to Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons and Risk of Selected Birth Defects in the National Birth Defects Prevention Study." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1540564606643075.
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Litorp, Helena. "'What about the Mother?' : Rising Caesarean Section Rates and their Association with Maternal Near-Miss Morbidity and Death in a Low-Resource Setting." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala universitet, Internationell mödra- och barnhälsovård (IMCH), 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-238626.
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In recent decades, there has been a seemingly inexhaustible rise in the use of caesarean section (CS) worldwide. The overall aim with this thesis is to explore the effects of and reasons for an increase in the CS rate at a university hospital in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. In Study I, we analysed time trends in CS rates and maternal and perinatal outcomes between 2000 and 2011 among different obstetric groups. In Study II, we documented the occurrence and panorama of maternal ‘near-miss’ morbidity and death, and analysed their association with CS complications. We also strived to determine if women with previous CS scars had an increased risk of maternal near-miss, death, or adverse perinatal outcomes in subsequent pregnancies. Studies III and IV explored women’s and caregivers’ in-depth perspectives on CS and caregivers’ rationales for their hospital’s high CS rate. During the study period, the CS rate increased from 19% to 49%. The rise was accompanied by an increased maternal mortality ratio (odds ratio [OR] 1.5, 95% Confidence Interval [CI] 1.2–1.8) and improved perinatal outcomes. CS complications accounted for 7.9% (95% CI 5.6–11) of the maternal near-miss events and 13% (95% CI 6.4–23) of the maternal deaths. Multipara with previous CS scars had no increased risk of maternal near-miss or death compared with multipara with previous vaginal deliveries, and a lower risk of adverse perinatal outcomes (adjusted OR 0.51, 95% CI 0.33–0.80). Both women and caregivers stated they preferred vaginal birth, but caregivers also had a favourable attitude towards CS. Both groups justified maternal risks with CS by the need to ‘secure’ a healthy baby. Caregivers stated that they sometimes performed CSs on doubtful indications, partly due to dysfunctional team-work and a fear of being blamed by colleagues. This thesis raises a concern that maternal health, interests, and voices are overlooked through the CS decision for the benefit of perinatal outcomes and caregivers’ liability. An overuse of CS should be seen as a sign of substandard care and preventing such overuse needs to be among the key actions when formulating new targets for the post-2015 era.
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Echevarría-Castro, Nataly, Andrea Matayoshi-Pérez, and Germán F. Alvarado. "Association between Maternal Depressive Symptoms with Overweight/Obesity among Children Aged 0-5 Years According to the 2016 Demographic and Family Health Survey." Mary Ann Liebert Inc, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10757/655584.
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Background: Overweight and obesity among children under the age of 5 have become a public health problem. The worldwide prevalence is 4.9% and 6.0%, whereas in Peru it is 7.4% and 1.9%, respectively. The causes of these problems are multifactorial and must be studied to prevent the multiple consequences on children's health. Methods: Secondary data analysis of the 2016 Demographic and Family Health Survey (DHS). The sample size was 7935 children and their mothers. The dependent variable was childhood overweight/obesity, measured according to the Z-score of the BMI >2 standard deviation (SD), while the main independent variable consisted of the maternal depressive symptoms (DS) (Patient Health Questionnaire-9 score >10 points). The software STATA/MP 14.0 was used for statistical analysis. Results: The prevalence of overweight/obesity among children aged 0-5 years was 4.5% and the prevalence of moderate and severe maternal DS was 7.1%. No maternal depressive symptoms were found to be associated with the outcome [adjusted PR = 1.36 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.59-3.09 p = 0.47]. An association was found between socioeconomic status (SES) Q3 (adjusted PR = 3.86 95% CI = 1.9-7.6 p < 0.0001), Q4 (adjusted PR = 5.53 95% CI = 2.76-11.1 p < 0.0001), Q5 (adjusted PR = 6.9 95% CI = 3.24-14.7 p = < 0.0001), maternal BMI (adjusted PR = 1.06 95% CI = 1.03-1.08 p < 0.0001), and cesarean delivery (adjusted PR = 1.42 95% CI = 1.01-1.99 p = 0.042). Conclusions: No association was found between maternal depressive symptoms and overweight/obesity among children aged 0-5 years. The upper SES quintiles, maternal BMI, and cesarean delivery were associated with the outcome.Revisión por pares
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Storfer-Isser, Amy. "Association of Maternal Employment with Attitudes, Subjective Norms, and Perceived Behavioral Control Regarding Meal Preparation Among Mothers of 4-5 Year Old Children." Bowling Green State University / OhioLINK, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=bgsu1377708303.
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Williams, Michael A., Tessa van der Willigen, Patience H. White, Cathy C. Cartwright, David L. Wood, and Mark G. Hamilton. "Improving Health Care Transition and Longitudinal Care for Adolescents and Young Adults with Hydrocephalus: Report from the Hydrocephalus Association Transition Summit." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2018. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/5142.
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The health care needs of children with hydrocephalus continue beyond childhood and adolescence; however, pediatric hospitals and pediatric neurosurgeons are often unable to provide them care after they become adults. Each year in the US, an estimated 5000–6000 adolescents and young adults (collectively, youth) with hydrocephalus must move to the adult health care system, a process known as health care transition (HCT), for which many are not prepared. Many discover that they cannot find neurosurgeons to care for them. A significant gap in health care services exists for young adults with hydrocephalus. To address these issues, the Hydrocephalus Association convened a Transition Summit in Seattle, Washington, February 17–18, 2017. The Hydrocephalus Association surveyed youth and families in focus groups to identify common concerns with HCT that were used to identify topics for the summit. Seven plenary sessions consisted of formal presentations. Four breakout groups identified key priorities and recommended actions regarding HCT models and practices, to prepare and engage patients, educate health care professionals, and address payment issues. The breakout group results were discussed by all participants to generate consensus recommendations. Barriers to effective HCT included difficulty finding adult neurosurgeons to accept young adults with hydrocephalus into their practices; unfamiliarity of neurologists, primary care providers, and other health care professionals with the principles of care for patients with hydrocephalus; insufficient infrastructure and processes to provide effective HCT for youth, and longitudinal care for adults with hydrocephalus; and inadequate compensation for health care services. Best practices were identified, including the National Center for Health Care Transition Improvement’s “Six Core Elements of Health Care Transition 2.0”; development of hydrocephalus-specific transition programs or incorporation of hydrocephalus into existing general HCT programs; and development of specialty centers for longitudinal care of adults with hydrocephalus. The lack of formal HCT and longitudinal care for young adults with hydrocephalus is a significant health care services problem in the US and Canada that professional societies in neurosurgery and neurology must address. Consensus recommendations of the Hydrocephalus Association Transition Summit address 1) actions by hospitals, health systems, and practices to meet local community needs to improve processes and infrastructure for HCT services and longitudinal care; and 2) actions by professional societies in adult and pediatric neurosurgery and neurology to meet national needs to improve processes and infrastructure for HCT services; to improve training in medical and surgical management of hydrocephalus and in HCT and longitudinal care; and to demonstrate the outcomes and effectiveness of HCT and longitudinal care by promoting research funding.
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Falodun, Ayotola. "ASSOCIATION BETWEEN SCREEN TIME AND HIGH-RISK SEXUAL BEHAVIORS AMONG U.S HIGH SCHOOL STUDENTS." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2018. https://dc.etsu.edu/asrf/2018/schedule/61.
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Excessive screen time among children and adolescents has been associated with physical inactivity, obesity, bullying, sleep disorders and risky sexual behaviors. However, the relation between screen time and different types of high-risk sexual behaviors has not been well explored. The aim of this study was to determine the impact of screen time, (defined as watching television 3 or more hours per day, or playing video or computer games or using a computer 3 or more hours per day) on high-risk sexual behaviors:- early onset of sexual intercourse before the age of 13 years, having sexual intercourse with four or more sexual partners within the last 3 months, alcohol consumption or drug abuse before the last sexual intercourse, or unprotected intercourse without male or female condom use.
Methods: Data from the 2015 Youth Risk Behavior Surveillance System (YRBSS), a national survey representative of 9th through 12th grade students in public and private schools in the United States was used. Logistic regression analysis was conducted to determine the association between the predictor variables and the different high-risk sexual behaviors. The model was adjusted for age, sex, and race. Out of 15,624 respondents, about a third (5,770) reported having had “high-risk” sexual intercourse.
Results: Analysis showed that students (9th -12thgrade) who watched television 3 or more hours per day were 49% more likely to have been sexually active before the age of 13 years (aOR: 1.49, 95% CI: 1.23-1.80, p
Conclusion: The study findings suggest that watching television 3 or more hours per day is more significantly associated with high-risk sexual behaviors than playing video or computer games or using a computer 3 or more hours per day. More research might need to be conducted to determine the ‘protective effect’ of screen time with video or computer games and computer use. In addition, parents, caregivers and all stakeholders should ensure screen time be limited toyouths.
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Cederlund, Julia. "Association between maternal level of education and the treatment with antimalarial drugs in children under the age of 5 in Nigeria : A cross-sectional study." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Internationell mödra- och barnhälsovård (IMCH), 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-414328.
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Background Malaria is a major threat to global public health, with adverse health effects. Nigeria alone accounts for 25% of the global burden of malaria. Children are especially vulnerable to malaria, and if the disease is not treated it could have fatal consequences. Mothers have an important role in ensuring that adequate and timely treatment is given to the child. Aim The aim of this study was to investigate whether there was an association between maternal level of education and the treatment with antimalarial drugs in malaria positive children under-5 in Nigeria. Methods This study was a cross-sectional study that utilized Demographic and Health Surveys (DHS) data from the 2015 Nigeria Malaria Indicator Survey. Data on 2’622 malaria positive children were used, and a logistic regression analysis was conducted to determine the association with maternal level of education. Results The mothers with a higher level of education had two times higher odds (OR 2.31, CI 1.62- 3.32) of making sure their child received treatment with antimalarial drugs, compared to the mothers with no education. With an increase of 38% (OR 1.38, CI 1.11-1.71) in the odds for the child receiving treatment with antimalarial drugs if the mother has primary education and an increase of 51% (OR 1.51, CI 1.24-1.84) if the mother has secondary education compared to mothers with no education. Conclusion Mothers with a higher level of education waere more likely to make sure that their child received treatment with antimalarial drugs, compared to the mothers with no education.
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Dixon, Wallace E. Jr. "Anti-Intellectualism and the Fracking of Psychology." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2015. https://doi.org/10.1037/tep0000106.
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The American Psychological Association (APA) Working Group’s Proactive Approach and Pedagogical Statement represent good first steps in helping graduate programs manage threats to professional training imposed by “conscience clause legislation.” But much heavier lifting is needed if the discipline hopes to fend off far greater threats to its legitimacy imposed by anti-intellectualism broadly. I suggest that this objective can be accomplished through establishing statewide psychology collaboratives comprising health service psychology (HSP) and non-HSP psychologists, jointly mobilized by APA and the Association for Psychological Science, who should work with state legislatures, through existing infrastructures found in state psychological associations, to implement wholesale foundational changes in psychology education from elementary school through graduate school, through political reformation and the branding of psychology.
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Tikanmäki, M. (Marjaana). "Preterm birth and parental and pregnancy related factors in association with physical activity and fitness in adolescence and young adulthood." Doctoral thesis, Oulun yliopisto, 2018. http://urn.fi/urn:isbn:9789526219233.
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Abstract A low level of physical activity and poor physical fitness are important risk factors of chronic non-communicable diseases and all-cause mortality. Much of the risk of these diseases originates in fetal life. The associations of early-life determinants with physical activity and fitness later in life are as yet not well studied. The aim of this work was to investigate early-life factors as predictors of physical activity and fitness in adolescence and young adulthood. We assessed a wide range of parental and pregnancy-related factors in 16-year-old adolescent participants of the Northern Finland Birth Cohort 1986 (n=7,344), and focused on the long-term consequences of preterm birth in the 23-year-old adult participants of the ESTER study (n=1,161). Prenatal and parental predictors of low physical activity and cardiorespiratory fitness in adolescence included high gestational age-related birth weight as well as parental overweight or obesity. Also, both short and long gestational lengths were associated with lower physical activity, and maternal gestational diabetes mellitus and smoking during pregnancy were associated with lower cardiorespiratory fitness. Young adults born before 34 weeks of gestation reported substantially less leisure-time physical activity than those born at term, although this was not detected by accelerometer measurement. Those born preterm had lower muscular fitness, as individuals born before 37 weeks were able to perform fewer modified push-ups, and those born before 34 weeks had lower handgrip strength, but no difference was observed in cardiorespiratory fitness. Based on questionnaire data, young adults born before 34 weeks perceived themselves to be less fit than their term-born peers. Most individuals exposed to preterm birth or maternal gestational disorders are relatively healthy when reaching adulthood. However, their lower levels of physical activity and physical fitness compared with their peers born at term may contribute to a higher risk of chronic non-communicable diseases in later life. Finding physical activities that are suitable for each individual is essential to promote well-being and health and diminish the increased disease risk later in lifeTiivistelmä Vähäinen fyysinen aktiivisuus ja heikko fyysinen kunto ovat merkittäviä kroonisten sairauksien ja ennenaikaisen kuoleman riskitekijöitä. Jo sikiökautisten tekijöiden tiedetään vaikuttavan syntyvän lapsen kroonisten sairauksien riskiin myöhemmin elämässä, mutta elämän varhaisvaiheen tekijöiden yhteyttä myöhempään fyysiseen aktiivisuuteen ja kuntoon on tutkittu verrattain vähän. Väitöstutkimuksen tavoitteena oli selvittää elämän varhaisvaiheen tekijöiden yhteyttä fyysiseen aktiivisuuteen ja kuntoon nuoruusiässä ja nuorena aikuisena. Tarkastelimme useiden vanhempiin ja raskausaikaan liittyvien tekijöiden vaikutuksia Pohjois-Suomen syntymäkohortti 1986 16-vuotistutkimuksessa (n=7344) ja keskityimme ennenaikaisen syntymän pitkäaikaisvaikutuksiin ESTER-tutkimuksen 23-vuotiaiden nuorten aikuisten aineistossa (n=1161). Tutkimustulostemme mukaan raskauden kestoon suhteutettu suuri syntymäpaino sekä vanhempien ylipaino tai lihavuus ennustivat vähäisempää liikunta-aktiivisuutta ja heikompaa kestävyyskuntoa nuoruusiässä. Sekä keskimääräistä lyhyempi että pidempi raskaudenkesto olivat yhteydessä vähäisempään liikunta-aktiivisuuteen ja äidin raskausdiabetes ja tupakointi raskauden aikana puolestaan heikompaan kestävyyskuntoon. Alle 34-viikkoisena syntyneet raportoivat liikkuvansa nuorena aikuisena vapaa-aikanaan huomattavasti vähemmän kuin täysiaikaisena syntyneet, vaikka eroa ei kiihtyvyysantureilla mitattuna fyysisessä aktiivisuudessa havaittukaan. Verrattuna täysiaikaisena syntyneisiin, ennenaikaisesti syntyneillä aikuisilla oli heikompi lihaskunto etunojapunnerrustestillä mitattuna ja hyvin ennenaikaisesti syntyneillä käden puristusvoima oli heikompi. Kestävyyskunnossa ei havaittu eroja. Hyvin ennenaikaisesti syntyneet myös arvioivat fyysisen kuntonsa huonommaksi kuin täysiaikaisena syntyneet ikätoverinsa. Vaikka valtaosa ennenaikaisena syntyneistä ja äidin raskaudenaikaisille sairauksille altistuneista on aikuisena varsin terveitä, liikunnan vähäisyys ja heikko fyysinen kunto voivat lisätä kroonisten sairauksien riskiä myöhemmin elämässä. Siksi tähän ryhmään kuuluvia tulisi erityisesti auttaa löytämään itselleen sopivia liikuntamuotoja hyvinvoinnin ja terveyden edistämiseksi ja siten myöhempien sairauksien ennaltaehkäisemiseksi
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Roberto, Sandra Gaspar. "Entre fronteiras: A inscrição da cultura no processo de tornar-se mãe." Master's thesis, ISPA - Instituto Universitário, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.12/2327.
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Dissertação de Mestrado apresentada ao ISPA - Instituto Universitário, na especialidade de Psicologia ClínicaTornar-se mãe é a expressão usada para pensar as mulheres que se tornam mães, inevitavelmente, implicadas em profundas transformações psíquicas e recriadas na especificidade da subjectividade materna. Este estudo, situado num paradigma de investigação psicanalítico, procurou compreender as ligações entre a subjectividade materna e a cultura, aqui entendida enquanto constituinte psíquico, sob a forma de espaço intermediário. Através do método das narrativas de livre associação de ideias, procuramos compreender as ligações acima referidas, numa mulher Cabo-verdiana, tendo sido promovidos três encontros; dois, antes do bebé nascer e, outro, 6 meses após o nascimento. A análise das narrativas e a respectiva discussão permitiram dar conta das transformações psíquicas decorridas ao longo deste processo e a articulação entre estas e a cultura. Decorrente da especificidade da subjectividade, encontramos, nesta mulher, a possibilidade de reflectir sobre o impacto das representações culturais inconsistentes nas transformações psíquicas ligadas à subjectividade materna e ao processo de tornar-se mãe. ------ ABSTRACT ------- Becoming mother is the expression used to think about women who become mothers, inevitably, involved in profound psychic changes that are recreated in the specificity of maternal subjectivity. This study, set in a paradigm of psychoanalytic research, sought to understand the links between maternal subjectivity and culture, understood here as a psychological constituent, in the form of intermediate space. Through the narratives of free association of ideas, we seek to understand the links described above, on a Cape Verdean woman, having been promoted three encounters; two, before the baby is born, and another, 6 months after birth. The analysis of the narratives and the related discussion allowed to highlight the psychic transformations throughout this process and the relationship between them and the culture. Resulting from the specificity of subjectivity, we found in this woman, the opportunity to reflect on the impact of inconsistent cultural representations in maternal subjectivity and in the becoming mother process as a whole.
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Vanston, Claire. "Maternal cognitive functioning in pregnancy and its association with gestation, endocrine factors and fetal sex: a longitudinal study in women from early pregnancy to the postpartum period /." Burnaby B.C. : Simon Fraser University, 2005. http://ir.lib.sfu.ca/handle/1892/2080.
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Hagnäs, M. (Maria). "Health behavior of young adult men and the association with body composition and physical fitness during military service." Doctoral thesis, Oulun yliopisto, 2016. http://urn.fi/urn:isbn:9789526213705.
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Abstract The prevalence of overweight and obesity among adolescents has increased worldwide at the population-level, reflecting inactive lifestyle and excessive energy intake. The comorbidities of obesity, e.g. impaired glucose tolerance and high blood pressure increase the risk for cardiovascular diseases. The first manifestation of cardiovascular diseases can be detected in young adulthood, and prevention should be focused to those at highest risk. This study was aimed to evaluate the changes in body weight and body composition, physical fitness and cardiometabolic risk factors, associated with physical exercise during military service. Furthermore, this study investigated the association of antenatal and lifestyle factors with the body composition and physical fitness among young men. The material of this study consisted of 1046 men (mean age 19.2 years) who began their compulsory military service in the Sodankylä Jaeger Brigade in 2005. The conscripts’ cardiometabolic risk factors, body weight, body composition, fitness, and lifestyle habits were evaluated at baseline and after 6–12 months military service. The data on the participants’ mothers’ antenatal and participants’ childhood period was available for 508 offsprings, who belonged to the 1986 Northern Finland Birth Cohort. During the military service the prevalence of metabolic syndrome decreased in the overall cohort from 6.1% to 3.6%, and the reduction was present among overweight and obese conscripts. The reduction in metabolic syndrome was associated with the reduction in waist circumference, weight loss and improvement in muscle fitness. Some lifestyle factors e.g. maternal smoking during pregnancy and conscripts’ smoking, alcohol consumption and binge drinking were associated with the conscripts’ body composition and fitness test results. Military service was especially beneficial for those reporting weekly binge drinking, who showed the greatest reduction in body weight and fat, and improvements in physical fitness and lifestyle habits. This study shows that unbeneficial lifestyle habits can be seen as detrimental to the body composition and fitness levels of young men. Furthermore, the physical exercise is in important role for reducing the metabolic syndrome, already present in young men. Maternal smoking during pregnancy was associated with reduced aerobic fitness in the subjects, underlining its long-standing consequences on offspring’s healthTiivistelmä Väestötutkimusten perusteella nuorten ylipaino ja lihavuus ovat yleistyneet, liittyen inaktiiviseen elämäntapaan ja liialliseen energiansaantiin. Lihavuuden liitännäissairaudet, kuten heikentynyt sokerinsieto ja kohonnut verenpaine lisäävät riskiä sydän- ja verisuonisairauksille. Sydän- ja verisuonisairauksien ensimmäiset ilmentymät voidaan havaita nuorella aikuisiällä ja sairauden ehkäisystrategiat tulisi kohdentaa riskiryhmiin. Tässä tutkimuksessa arvioitiin varusmiespalvelukseen liittyvän liikunnan aikaansaamia muutoksia kehonpainossa, kehonkoostumuksessa, fyysisessä kunnossa sekä sydän- ja verisuonisairauksien riskitekijöissä. Lisäksi tutkimus arvioi äidin raskausaikaan liittyvien tekijöiden ja elintapojen yhteyttä nuorten miesten kehonkoostumukseen ja fyysiseen kuntoon. Tutkimusaineisto koostui 1046 miehestä (keski-ikä 19.2 vuotta), jotka astuivat varusmiespalvelukseen Sodankylän Jääkäriprikaatissa vuonna 2005. Varusmiesten sydän- ja verisuonisairauksien riskitekijät, kehonpaino, kehonkoostumus, kunto ja elintavat arvioitiin palveluksen alussa ja lopussa (seuranta-aika 6–12 kk). Varusmiesten äitien raskaudenaikaiset ja varusmiesten varhaislapsuuden tiedot olivat käytettävissä 508:lta tutkittavalta, jotka kuuluivat Pohjois-Suomen syntymäkohorttiin 1986. Varusmiespalveluksen aikana metabolisen oireyhtymän vallitsevuus väheni koko aineistossa 6.1 %:sta 3.6 %:iin, ja väheneminen oli havaittavissa ylipainoisten ja lihavien joukossa. Metabolisen oireyhtymän väheneminen oli yhteydessä vyötärönympäryksen ja painon laskuun sekä lihaskunnon paranemiseen. Elintavat, kuten äidin raskaudenaikainen tupakointi ja varusmiehen ruokavalio, tupakointi, alkoholin kulutus ja humalahakuinen juominen olivat yhteydessä varusmiehen kehonkoostumukseen ja fyysiseen kuntoon. Varusmiespalveluksesta hyötyivät erityisesti ne, jotka raportoivat viikoittaista humalahakuista juomista; heillä havaittiin myönteisiä muutoksia kehonkoostumuksessa, fyysisessä kunnossa ja elintavoissa. Tämän tutkimuksen perusteella voidaan myös todeta, että äidin raskaudenaikainen tupakointi vaikuttaa jälkeläisen heikompaan aerobiseen kuntoon. Tutkimus osoittaa epäterveellisten elämäntapojen vaikutukset epäedulliseen kehonkoostumukseen ja heikompaan fyysiseen kuntoon nuorilla miehillä. Lisäksi liikunnan merkitys nuorten miesten sydän- ja verisuonisairauksien riskitekjöiden hoidossa on oleellista