Academic literature on the topic 'Maternal attendance'
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Journal articles on the topic "Maternal attendance"
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STANTON, CYNTHIA, ANN K. BLANC, TREVOR CROFT, and YOONJOUNG CHOI. "SKILLED CARE AT BIRTH IN THE DEVELOPING WORLD: PROGRESS TO DATE AND STRATEGIES FOR EXPANDING COVERAGE." Journal of Biosocial Science 39, no. 1 (March 8, 2006): 109–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021932006001271.
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Skilled attendance at delivery is one of the key indicators to reflect progress toward the Millennium Development Goal of improving maternal health. This paper assesses global progress in the use of skilled attendants at delivery and identifies factors that could assist in achieving Millennium Development Goals for maternal health. National data covering a substantial proportion of all developing country births were used for the estimation of trends and key differentials in skilled assistance at delivery. Between 1990 and 2000, the percentage of births with a skilled attendant increased from 45% to 54% in developing countries, primarily as a result of an increasing use of doctors. A substantial proportion of antenatal care users do not deliver with a skilled attendant. Delivery care use among antenatal care users is highly correlated with wealth. Women aged 35 and above, who are at greatest risk of maternal death, are the least likely to receive professional delivery care. Births in mid-level facilities appear to be a strategy that has been overlooked. More effective strategies are needed to promote skilled attendance at birth during antenatal care, particularly among poor women. Specific interventions are also needed to encourage older and high parity mothers to seek professional care at delivery.
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Umar, Nurul Habibah. "Analisis Pemilihan Dukun sebagai Penolong Persalinan (Studi Kasus di Puskesmas Bulak Banteng, Kota Surabaya)." Jurnal Manajemen Kesehatan Indonesia 7, no. 1 (April 12, 2019): 9–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/jmki.7.1.2019.9-15.
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Maternal mortality of Surabaya, in 2017, reached 79.40 per 100,000 live births due to direct causes by 77.2%. There are many programs to reduce maternal mortality and infant mortality such as improving delivery services in the health facility. In 2008, the partnership program between midwives and traditional birth attendants had developed to increase the access of quality maternal services for mothers and babies. However, in 2017 the delivery practice with traditional birth attendants has remained active in the area of Bulak Banteng Community Health Center, Surabaya. This study aimed to analyze the women’s decision selecting the traditional birth attendants for their delivery practice by exploring knowledge factor, belief factor, health service access factor, and family factor in Bulak Banteng Community Health Center of Surabaya. The research was a qualitative study using the approach of case study including in-depth interview and exploring secondary data. The sample was the mothers who delivered the baby with the traditional birth attendant from a previous year ago, and the midwife of health community center. The variable from this study were knowledge factor, belief factor, health service access factor, and family factor. The study used the analytical method consisted of data collecting, data reduction, and verification. The result showed less knowledge factor of healthy and safe delivery in the community. The belief factor and family factor held an important role in the selection of the traditional birth attendants during birth attendance, while the factor of health service access showed nothing related to the selection process. There is a need to implement health education for pregnant women, husband, family, and people with an aim of giving the understanding about healthy and safe birth attendance. In conclude, the selection on traditional birth attendant was influenced by knowledge factor, belief factor, and family factor.
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Dickson, Kwamena Sekyi, Kenneth Setorwu Adde, and Edward Kwabena Ameyaw. "Women empowerment and skilled birth attendance in sub-Saharan Africa: A multi-country analysis." PLOS ONE 16, no. 7 (July 7, 2021): e0254281. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0254281.
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Introduction In 2017, the highest global maternal deaths occurred in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). The WHO advocates that maternal deaths can be mitigated with the assistance of skilled birth attendants (SBAs) at childbirth. Women empowerment is also acknowledged as an enabling factor to women’s functionality and healthcare utilisation including use of SBAs’ services. Consequently, this study investigated the association between women empowerment and skilled birth attendance in SSA. Materials and methods This study involved the analysis of secondary data from the Demographic and Health Surveys of 29 countries conducted between January 1, 2010, and December 3, 2018. For this study, only women who had given birth in the five years prior to the surveys were included, which is 166,022. At 95% confidence interval, Binary Logistic Regression analyses were conducted and findings were presented as adjusted odds ratios (aORs). Results The overall prevalence of skilled birth attendance was 63.0%, with the lowest prevalence in Tanzania (13.8%) and highest in Rwanda (91.2%). Women who were empowered with high level of knowledge (aOR = 1.60, 95% CI = 1.51, 1.71), high decision-making power (aOR = 1.19, 95% CI = 1.15, 1.23), and low acceptance of wife beating had higher likelihood of skill birth attendance after adjusting for socio-demographic characteristics. Women from rural areas had lesser likelihood (OR = 0.53, 95% CI = 0.51–0.55) of skilled birth attendance compared to women from urban areas. Working women had a lesser likelihood of skilled birth attendance (OR = 0.91, 95% CI = 0.88–0.94) as compared to those not working. Women with secondary (OR = 2.13, 95% CI = 2.03–2.22), or higher education (OR = 4.40, 95% CI = 3.81–5.07), and women in the richest wealth status (OR = 3.50, 95% CI = 3.29–3.73) had higher likelihood of skilled birth attendance. Conclusion These findings accentuate that going forward, successful skilled birth attendant interventions are the ones that can prioritise the empowerment of women.
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Gitonga, Eliphas. "Skilled Birth Attendance among Women in Tharaka-Nithi County, Kenya." Advances in Public Health 2017 (2017): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/9740196.
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Background. The burden of maternal mortality is concentrated in sub-Saharan Africa with an estimation of 500 000 deaths annually. In 2012, about forty million births occurred without a skilled attendant in developing countries. Skilled birth attendance improves maternal and newborn survival. The aim of this study therefore was to establish the level of skilled birth attendance and the associated factors. Methods. A cross-sectional survey was carried out using structured questionnaires as tools of data collection. Systematic sampling was used to select the respondents from the facilities that were stratified. The dependent variable was skilled birth attendance. Descriptive statistics were used to generate proportions and percentages while chi-square and Fisher’s exact tests were used to draw inferences. Association was significant if P<0.05. Results. The level of utilisation of skilled birth attendance was 77%. Skilled birth attendance was noted to be associated with age, level of education, average family income, parity, distance to the health facility, timing of initiation of antenatal care, level of facility attended during pregnancy, and birth preparedness status. Conclusion. The level of skilled birth attendance among women in Tharaka-Nithi County, Kenya, despite being higher than in some counties, requires improvement.
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Wang, Yan, Eric Zhu, Erin R. Hager, and Maureen M. Black. "Maternal depressive symptoms, attendance of sessions and reduction of home safety problems in a randomized toddler safety promotion intervention trial: A latent class analysis." PLOS ONE 17, no. 1 (January 19, 2022): e0261934. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0261934.
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Objective Little is known about the association between maternal depressive symptoms and attendance at safety promotion interventions. This study used latent class analysis (LCA) to identify the profile of attendance within a toddler safety intervention and assessed its relation with maternal depressive symptoms at baseline and reduction of home safety problems over time, separately. Methods The analytic sample included 91 mothers of toddlers (mean maternal age 28.16 years) who were assigned to the safety promotion intervention group as part of a randomized trial and assessed at baseline, 6-month and 12-month follow-ups. Using LCA, we classified mothers into low and high attendance classes based on their attendance at 8 intervention sessions. We assessed maternal depressive symptoms with the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) and home safety problems with a 9-item home safety problem observation. Results The mothers were classified into low attendance (45%) and high attendance classes (55%). The posterior probability of attending each session ranged from 0–0.29 for the low attendance class and 0.68–0.92 for the high attendance class. Each one unit increase of BDI sum score at baseline was associated with an 8% reduced odds of being in the high attendance class (aOR = 0.92, 95% CI: 0.86, 1.00, p = 0.037). The home safety problem score reduction was greater among high attendance class participants than low attendance class participants at the 6-month follow-up (b = -1.15, 95% CI:-2.09, -0.20, p = 0.018). Conclusion Maternal depressive symptoms were associated with the reduced probability of maternal attendance at toddler safety promotion sessions; high session attendance was related to greater reduction of toddler home safety problems. Identifying risk factors for maternal low attendance to interventions and developing strategies to promote attendance should lead to reductions in home safety problems and reductions in unintentional injuries among young children.
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Burdette, Amy M., Janet Weeks, Terrence D. Hill, and Isaac W. Eberstein. "Maternal religious attendance and low birth weight." Social Science & Medicine 74, no. 12 (June 2012): 1961–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2012.02.021.
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Baral, Y. R., K. Lyons, J. Skinner, and E. R. Van Teijlingen. "Determinants of skilled birth attendants for delivery in Nepal." Kathmandu University Medical Journal 8, no. 3 (June 4, 2012): 325–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/kumj.v8i3.6223.
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This review is to explore the factors affecting the uptake of skilled birth attendants for delivery and the issues associated with women’s role and choices of maternal health care service for delivery in Nepal. Literature was reviewed across the globe and discussed in a Nepalese context. Delivery by Skilled Birth Attendance serves as an indicator of progress towards reducing maternal mortality worldwide, the fifth Millennium Development Goal. Nepal has committed to reducing its maternal mortality by 75% by 2015 through ensuring accessibility to the availability and utilisation of skilled care at every birth. The literature suggests that several socio-economic, cultural and religious factors play a significant role in the use of Skilled Birth Attendance for delivery in Nepal. Availability of transportation and distance to the health facility; poor infrastructure and lack of services; availability and accessibility of the services; cost and convenience; staff shortages and attitudes; gender inequality; status of women in society; women’s involvement in decision making; and women’s autonomy and place of residence are significant contributing factors for uptake of Skilled Birth Attendance for delivery in Nepal. The review found more quantitative research studies exploring the determinants of utilisation of the maternal health services during pregnancy in Nepal than qualitative studies. Findings of quantitative research show that different social demographic, economic, socio-cultural and religious factors are responsible for the utilisation of maternal health services but very few studies discussed how and why these factors are responsible for utilisation of skilled birth attendants in pregnancy. It is suggested that there is need for more qualitative research to explore the women’s role and choice regarding use of skilled birth attendants services and to find out how and why these factors are responsible for utilisation of skilled birth attendants for delivery. Qualitative research will help further exploration of the issues and contribute to improvement of maternal health services.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/kumj.v8i3.6223 Kathmandu Univ Med J 2010;8(3):325-32
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Burt, Jessica Florence, Joseph Ouma, Lawrence Lubyayi, Alexander Amone, Lorna Aol, Musa Sekikubo, Annettee Nakimuli, et al. "Indirect effects of COVID-19 on maternal, neonatal, child, sexual and reproductive health services in Kampala, Uganda." BMJ Global Health 6, no. 8 (August 2021): e006102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjgh-2021-006102.
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BackgroundCOVID-19 impacted global maternal, neonatal and child health outcomes. We hypothesised that the early, strict lockdown that restricted individuals’ movements in Uganda limited access to services.MethodsAn observational study, using routinely collected data from Electronic Medical Records, was carried out, in Kawempe district, Kampala. An interrupted time series analysis assessed the impact on maternal, neonatal, child, sexual and reproductive health services from July 2019 to December 2020. Descriptive statistics summarised the main outcomes before (July 2019–March 2020), during (April 2020–June 2020) and after the national lockdown (July 2020–December 2020).ResultsBetween 1 July 2019 and 31 December 2020, there were 14 401 antenatal clinic, 33 499 deliveries, 111 658 childhood service and 57 174 sexual health attendances. All antenatal and vaccination services ceased in lockdown for 4 weeks.During the 3-month lockdown, the number of antenatal attendances significantly decreased and remain below pre-COVID levels (370 fewer/month). Attendances for prevention of mother-to-child transmission of HIV dropped then stabilised. Increases during lockdown and immediately postlockdown included the number of women treated for high blood pressure, eclampsia and pre-eclampsia (218 more/month), adverse pregnancy outcomes (stillbirths, low-birth-weight and premature infant births), the rate of neonatal unit admissions, neonatal deaths and abortions. Maternal mortality remained stable. Immunisation clinic attendance declined while neonatal death rate rose (from 39 to 49/1000 livebirths). The number of children treated for pneumonia, diarrhoea and malaria decreased during lockdown.ConclusionThe Ugandan response to COVID-19 negatively impacted maternal, child and neonatal health, with an increase seen in pregnancy complications and fetal and infant outcomes, likely due to delayed care-seeking behaviour. Decreased vaccination clinic attendance leaves a cohort of infants unprotected, affecting all vaccine-preventable diseases. Future pandemic responses must consider impacts of movement restrictions and access to preventative services to protect maternal and child health.
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Soderquist, TR. "Maternal Strategies of Phascogale-Tapoatafa (Marsupialia, Dasyuridae) .2. Juvenile Thermoregulation and Maternal Attendance." Australian Journal of Zoology 41, no. 6 (1993): 567. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/zo9930567.
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When juvenile Phascogale tapoatafa first release the maternal teats and are left in the nursery nest (c. 48 days of age), they lack fur, weight about 4 g, and are poikilothermic. Thermoregulation of wild litters was measured using a temperature-sensitive radio-transmitter inserted into the huddled litter after the mother's departure at night. On cold nights (less-than-or-equal-to 10-degrees-C), juveniles lose heat rapidly in the absence of their mother, with litter temperatures declining to an average of 6-degrees-C in 4 h. Litter temperatures of 3-degrees-C were common. Maternal attendance (incubation) is frequent and of long duration during the early-nesting period, then decreases as juveniles acquire fur and develop endothermy. The mother contributes to litter thermoregulation and security by constructing a large nest of bark, feathers and fur in a tree cavity with a small entrance hole.
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Bobo, Firew Tekle, Augustine Asante, Mirkuzie Woldie, Angela Dawson, and Andrew Hayen. "Spatial patterns and inequalities in skilled birth attendance and caesarean delivery in sub-Saharan Africa." BMJ Global Health 6, no. 10 (October 2021): e007074. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjgh-2021-007074.
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BackgroundImproved access to and quality obstetric care in health facilities reduces maternal and neonatal morbidity and mortality. We examined spatial patterns, within-country wealth-related inequalities and predictors of inequality in skilled birth attendance and caesarean deliveries in sub-Saharan Africa.MethodsWe analysed the most recent Demographic and Health Survey data from 25 sub-Saharan African countries. We used the concentration index to measure within-country wealth-related inequality in skilled birth attendance and caesarean section. We fitted a multilevel Poisson regression model to identify predictors of inequality in having skilled attendant at birth and caesarean section.ResultsThe rate of skilled birth attendance ranged from 24.3% in Chad to 96.7% in South Africa. The overall coverage of caesarean delivery was 5.4% (95% CI 5.2% to 5.6%), ranging from 1.4% in Chad to 24.2% in South Africa. The overall wealth-related absolute inequality in having a skilled attendant at birth was extremely high, with a difference of 46.2 percentage points between the poorest quintile (44.4%) and the richest quintile (90.6%). In 10 out of 25 countries, the caesarean section rate was less than 1% among the poorest quintile, but the rate was more than 15% among the richest quintile in nine countries. Four or more antenatal care contacts, improved maternal education, higher household wealth status and frequently listening to the radio increased the rates of having skilled attendant at birth and caesarean section. Women who reside in rural areas and those who have to travel long distances to access health facilities were less likely to have skilled attendant at birth or caesarean section.ConclusionsThere were significant within-country wealth-related inequalities in having skilled attendant at birth and caesarean delivery. Efforts to improve access to birth at the facility should begin in areas with low coverage and directly consider the needs and experiences of vulnerable populations.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Maternal attendance"
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Mengsteab, Elsabeth. "Skilled attendance at delivery the case of zoba Anseba, Eritrea /." Bloemfontein : Centre for Development Support, University of the Free State, 2006. http://books.google.com/books?id=dQDbAAAAMAAJ.
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Bernath, Susan Diane. "A comparison of childbirth class attendance and presence at delivery and father-infant acquaintance/attachment." FIU Digital Commons, 1998. http://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/1629.
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The relationship between parent and child is one of the most important and most studied of all human relationships. The purpose of this descriptive study was to compare first-time fathers’ attendance at an entire series of prepared childbirth classes and presence at the delivery with father-infant acquaintance/attachment at three to four months post-birth. First-time fathers living with the infant’s mother were asked to complete the How I Feel About My Baby Now scale and a demographic survey. Two groups of fathers were compared. The first group attended classes, and the other group did not attend classes. Results of a statistical analysis utilizing descriptive statistics, t-tests, and one way ANOVA indicated that fathers who attended the classes felt significantly more angry at their babies than those who did not, and that fathers in the group under 30 years of age felt more playful toward their babies than those over thirty years.
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Paul, Pooja Lilly. "Gatekeepers or Equal Partners?: An Examination of Male Partner Attendance in Antenatal Care." Thesis, Boston College, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/2345/bc-ir:109137.
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Thesis advisor: Shanta PandeyA growing body of literature, particularly from low and middle-income countries, has focused on the role of male involvement in maternal care as a crucial strategy to improve maternal and neonatal health outcomes. The purpose of this three-paper dissertation is to add to this evidence base within the context of India, and to gain an in-depth understanding of one aspect of male involvement – that is, male partner attendance in antenatal care. This dissertation utilized data from the National Family Health Survey (NFHS-3, 2005-06 and NFHS-4, 2015-16) and was framed using the Social Ecological Model, Connell’s Theory of Gender and Power and a Gender-Transformative lens. Paper 1 summarized the levels of male partner attendance in antenatal care and assessed changes over time. Further, multivariable logistic regression models were used to examine the factors influencing male partner attendance in antenatal care. The results show an overall increase in male partner attendance in India during the period of 2005-06 to 2015-16, with the Southern region reporting the highest level of male partner attendance in both years. Higher level of education and household wealth, increased knowledge of pregnancy-related complications, older age at marriage, and women’s autonomy were positively associated with male partner attendance in antenatal care. Paper 2 examined the association between male partner attendance in antenatal care and maternal health service utilization. Controlling for all socio-demographic variables and adjusting for report of pregnancy complications, the results showed that women who were accompanied by a male partner for antenatal care reported increased odds of maternal health service utilization (early initiation of antenatal care, frequency of antenatal care contacts and institutional delivery). While the place of residence (rural/urban) did not influence the association between male partner attendance and maternal health service utilization, region had a significant moderating effect. Paper 3 examined the association between antenatal care and infant birth weight, adjusting for gestational age. Further, the analysis also assessed whether the relationship between antenatal care and infant birth weight varied by male partner attendance. Findings indicate that early initiation of antenatal care and maternal immunization was associated with reduced odds of low birth weight among infants. The results showed that male partner attendance in antenatal care did not have a moderating influence. Taken together, the findings of the three papers have implications for policy and practice; further, they provide support for interventions that aim for a more inclusive and gender-transformative approach to maternal and neonatal health
Thesis (PhD) — Boston College, 2021
Submitted to: Boston College. Graduate School of Social Work
Discipline: Social work
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Callahan, Kristin Leigh. "Disrupting the impact of socio-contextual disadvantage on school readiness skill attainment among preschool children: The role of Head Start attendance." ScholarWorks@UNO, 2010. http://scholarworks.uno.edu/td/1130.
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Created in 1965, Head Start is the longest running national school readiness program in the United States. Head Start was developed to improve children's social and academic readiness for kindergarten and to reduce the academic achievement gap between impoverished and more affluent children. However, questions about the effectiveness of Head Start have trouble the program since its inception. Head Start children often experience considerably more sociocontextual risk, specifically in the form of more economic disadvantage, maternal psychological distress, and dangerous neighborhoods. The goal of the present study was to evaluate the extent to which attending Head Start buffers children from some of the harmful effects of sociocontextual risk on their acquisition of academic and social school readiness skills. Socio-contextual risk factors were largely unrelated to the school readiness skills. Only mothers' reports of anxiety were significantly associated with slower rates of increase in children's PPVT scores, suggesting that mothers who are more anxious have children who are not developing receptive vocabulary scores as quickly as children whose mothers have fewer anxiety symptoms. Head Start did not buffer the impact of socio-contextual risk on children's attainment of school readiness skills. A secondary goal of the present study was to validate mothers' reports of neighborhood danger with interviewer impressions of neighborhood safety and objective crime reports. Interviewer impressions correlated significantly with mothers' reports of neighborhood danger and official crime statistics. Interestingly, official crime statistics were not correlated with mothers' reports of neighborhood danger, but were correlated with interviewer impressions. Interviewers may provide a valuable objective perspective of characteristics of the neighborhood. This sample was not intended to explore the effects of natural disasters on household structures, maternal psychopathology, or children's academic development. However, results clearly highlighted the need to empirically consider the specific challenges associated with lowincome families after a natural disaster. Study implications and promising directions for future research are discussed.
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Workneh, Nibretie Gobezie. "Socioeconomic Status-Related Inequities on Maternal Health Services: Trends, Associations, and Outcomes." ScholarWorks, 2016. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/2246.
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Maternal Mortality Rate (MMR) in Ethiopia remains one of the highest in the world due in part to very limited use of maternal health services. However, the underlying factors for limited use of the services and hence the high MMR are not well known. The purpose of this study was to identify factors associated with use of maternal health services and maternal health risks, to analyze inequity patterns between use of maternal health services and maternal health risks, and to measure the magnitude and trends in inequity. Behavioral-cultural and structural theories of health inequalities were used to frame the study. Research questions included whether there were trends of inequity in use of maternal health services, if sociodemographic characteristics were associated with use of the services, and whether inequities in use of the services were associated with maternal health risks. The study design was quantitative and used data collected through Demographic and Health Surveys (DHS) conducted in 2000, 2005, and 2011. DHS had employed stratified 2-stage cluster design; this analysis used logistic regression method, odds ratio chi-square test, and correlation measures. The findings indicated statistically significant inequities on use of antenatal care and skilled birth attendant services associated with women's residence, level of education, income, administrative region, distance to a health facility, out-of-pocket payment for health services, and involvement in decision making. Based on the findings, it is recommended to design maternal health policies and programs that improve access and use of the services, specifically for women in rural areas, with no education and with limited economic capacity. Further research is also recommended for regions where sample size was limited. Maternal health policies and programs designed to reach the most disadvantaged women could increase service use and improve maternal health, leading to positive social change.
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Chamberland, Caroline. "Obstacles and Enablers to the Professional Development of Skilled Birth Attendants: a Case Study of the Shoklo Malaria Research Unit on the Thailand-Myanmar Border." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/35100.
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Although Skilled Birth Attendance has been universally acknowledged as essential to progress in the field of maternal health (WHO, 2004), Human Resources for Health (HRH) deficits are currently impeding the sustainability of essential maternal health interventions on a global scale. Over the past 30 years, the Shoklo Malaria Research Unit (SMRU), along with other agencies such as non-governmental organizations and community-based organizations, have developed a self-contained health system, which provides health services, including maternity care, to migrants and refugees at the Thailand-Myanmar Border. The staff necessary to the provision of care in SMRU’s clinics are mostly recruited from within the migrant and refugee populations, and trained internally by SMRU.
In the last decade, SMRU has experienced high-turnover rates and shortages of Skilled Birth Attendants (SBA). Consequently, their current maternity workforce is characterized by an acute shortage of SBAs who have attained senior status, and a higher concentration of SBAs at the assistant and junior levels. As a response to these HRH challenges, this case study aimed to conduct a multi-level analysis of obstacles and enablers to professional development amongst Skilled Birth Attendants working for SMRU. This single descriptive case study with embedded units of analysis, which incorporated non-participant observation, a template-based personnel file review, individual interviews, and focus groups at two of SMRU’s Birthing Units, represented a unique opportunity to observe and analyze the multiple influences that interact at various levels of a relatively self-contained health system. By highlighting the obstacles and enablers present within the system, this study purposed to identify means by which to empower lower level SBAs, support their professional development, and create a more sustainable maternity workforce.
The study found that SMRU has been successful in providing its SBAs with the appropriate midwifery skills to fulfill a limited scope of practice, and in fostering strong intra-professional relationships that allow the SBAs to motivate and mentor each other. Achieving workforce sustainability with a model of care that implements task-shifting requires a balance of appropriate and constructive consultation structures without enabling the stagnation of SBAs’ skills and confidence. This study also reveals the importance of context and culture to a health system’s capacity to optimally plan and implement its HRH functions. Finally, in the case of SMRU, persistent recruitment and retention concerns underscore that workforce sustainability cannot be achieved through professional development alone. Therefore, this study reveals a need for further inquiry into the complexities of maternal health workforce planning in contexts of protracted displacement, and the challenges associated with developing appropriate supervisory structures for lower level health professionals.
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Cunningham, Vivian Main. "Social determinants of utilization of skilled birth attendants in two states of India." Diss., Online access via UMI:, 2006.
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Hirsi, Alasa Osman. "Factors influencing the choice of place of child delivery among women in Garissa district, Kenya." University of the Western Cape, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/5288.
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Magister Public Health - MPHAlthough the Kenyan government implemented safe motherhood programme two decades ago, available data indicate that prevalence of home delivery is still high among women in Garissa District. The aim of this thesis was to investigate the factors influencing the choice of place of childbirth. Methodology: A descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out among 224 women who delivered babies two years prior to December 2010. Using a statcalc program in Epi Info 3.3.2, with expected frequency of home delivery at 83% +5% and a 95% confidence level, the calculated sample size was 215. Furthermore, with a 95% response rate the adjusted minimum sample size was 226.There were two none-responses hence 224 women were interviewed. Stratified sampling was used. Data were collected using pre-tested structured questionnaires and analyzed using SPSS. Descriptive, bivariate and multivariate analysis was performed. A binary logistic regression analysis using the Enter method was performed to determine independent predictors for use or non-use of healthcare services for childbirth. The threshold for statistical significance was set at 0.05. Results: The result was presented in text and tables. The study found 67% (n=224) women delivered at home and 33% delivered in hospital. The study found low level of education, poverty, none-attendance of ANC, distance, cost of services, poor quality services, negative attitude towards midwives, experience of previous obstetric complications and decision-making to be significant predictors in home delivery at the bivariate level (p<0.05). The study did not find relationship between age, marital status, religion and place of childbirth (p>0.05). At multivariate level, the following variables were still found to be significant predictors of home delivery: no education OR=8.36 (95% CI; 4.12-17.17), no occupation OR=1.43(95% CI; 1.08–5.49) experience of obstetric complications OR=1.38 (95% CI; 1.15-2.12), none-attendance of antenatal clinic OR=1.11 (95% CI; 1.03–1.51), Rude midwives OR=5.60 (95% CI; 2.66-11.96). Conclusions: high prevalence of home delivery was noted due to lack of education, poverty and inaccessible maternity services hence the need to empower women in education and economy to enhance hospital delivery.
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Vondo, Noloyiso. "Factors associated with low-use of skilled birth attendants in Zimbabwe." University of the Western Cape, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/6795.
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Magister Philosophiae - MPhilSkilled birth attendance at childbirth is vital for decreasing maternal and child mortality in Zimbabwe. Infant mortality and maternal mortality in Zimbabwe are quite high due to low- use of skilled birth attendance. Based on different study sources, home delivery with complications are high, with many socio-economic and demographic associated factors including lack or no use of skilled birth attendance at childbirth in Zimbabwe. Therefore, the study looked at "preventive" which refers to an action taken to reduce or eliminate the probability of specific undesirable events or dangers from happening in the future and the present time in Zimbabwe. The objective of the study was to highlight the significance of the crucial function within the health systems of saving both the lives of a mother and the child. Furthermore to determine the frequent use of maternal health care services (skilled birth attendant) and identify factors affecting them. The data that was used was nationally represented large scale secondary data ZDHS of Zimbabwe with sample population n = 9,171. It was a secondary data that included all the provinces of Zimbabwe, simple random sampling was used that had questionnaires of both man, women and household questionnaires, these questionnaires helped in examining the socio-economic factors and determinants that leads to low-use of skilled birth attendants at childbirth. The prosed statistics analysis that were used were univariate, bivariate and multivariate techniques. The statistical analysis showed that demographic variables such age, place of delivery and socio-economic factors such as level of education of a mother and wealth index (occupation of a parent) and region has a significant effect on the use of skilled birth attendant during birth. Women with higher level of education were found to have high use rate of maternal health care services (Skilled birth attendants), while women with primary and secondary education were found to have high use rate of less ( traditional birth attendant) or no use of skilled birth attendant. Therefore, the female age at birth, place of delivery, level of education and wealth index played a major role in decision making about the importance of having a skilled birth attendant when giving birth. The access to skilled birth attendance was found to be a significant factor in reducing maternal and child mortality in Zimbabwe. Furthermore women need to be educated about the importance of maternal health care services use and postnatal care and the department of health in Zimbabwe can implement mobile clinics for those who are residing far from health facilities.
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Sujan, Karki Panee Vong-Ek. "Utilization of skilled birth attendants during childbirth in Nepal : an evaluation based on the 2001 and 2006 Nepal demographic and health surveys /." Abstract, 2008. http://mulinet3.li.mahidol.ac.th/thesis/2551/cd419/5038601.pdf.
Full textBooks on the topic "Maternal attendance"
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Bangladesh, WHO. Skilled birth attendance: Review of evidences in Bangladesh. Dhaka: World Health Organization, 2004.
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Chowdhury, A. M. Raza. Skilled attendance at delivery in Bangladesh: An ethnographic study. Dhaka: Research and Evaluation Division, BRAC, 2003.
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Laos. Ministère de la santé. Skilled birth attendance development plan, Lao PDR 2008-2012. 2nd ed. [Vientiane, Laos]: Ministry of Health, Lao People's Democratic Republic, 2010.
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Russia) Kruglyĭ stol "Muzeĭ i problemy 'kulʹturnogo turizma'" (7th 2009 Saint Petersburg. Muzeĭ i problemy "kulʹturnogo turizma": Materialy devi︠a︡togo Kruglogo stola 24 apreli︠a︡ 2009 goda. Sankt-Peterburg: Izdatelʹstvo Gosudarstvennogo Ėrmitazha, 2009.
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Russia) Kruglyĭ stol "Muzeĭ i problemy "kulʹturnogo turizma"" (9th 2011 Saint Petersburg. Muzeĭ i problemy "kulʹturnogo turizma": Materialy devi︠a︡togo Kruglogo stola 7-8 apreli︠a︡ 2011 g. Sankt-Peterburg: Izdatelʹstvo Gosudarstvennogo Ėrmitazha, 2011.
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University of Malawi. Centre for Social Research, ed. The effectiveness of traditional birth attendants in reducing maternal mortality and morbidity in Malawi. Zomba, Malawi]: University of Malawi, Centre for Social Research, 2004.
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Rossiĭsko-britanskiĭ seminar "Muzei Sankt-Peterburga v uslovii͡akh rynochnoĭ ėkonomiki" (1996 St. Petersburg, Russia). Muzei v period peremen: Materialy rossiĭsko-britanskogo seminara "Muzei Sankt-Peterburga v uslovii͡akh rynochnoĭ ėkonomiki". 2nd ed. Sankt-Peterburg: Kontrfors, 1997.
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Ivette, Salom Safi, ed. Yo voy a ir al colegio. Bogotá: Panamericana Editorial, 2011.
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Organization, World Health, United Nations Fund for Population Activities., and UNICEF, eds. Traditional birth attendants: A joint WHO/UNFPA/UNICEF statement. Geneva: World Health Organization, 1992.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Maternal attendance"
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Líska, János, Krisztián Kun, and Zsolt Kovács. "Attendants at MMC Composite Milling." In Advances in Manufacturing Engineering and Materials II, 332–42. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-71956-2_27.
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MacDonald, Margaret E. "The Place of Traditional Birth Attendants in Global Maternal Health: Policy Retreat, Ambivalence and Return." In Global Maternal and Child Health, 95–115. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-84514-8_6.
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AbstractIn this chapter, I tell the story of the waxing and waning of the status of the traditional birth attendant (TBA) in global maternal health policy from the launch of the Safe Motherhood Initiative in 1987 to the present. Once promoted as part of the solution to reducing maternal mortality, the training and integration of TBAs into formal healthcare systems in the global south was deemed a failure and side-lined in the late 1990s in favour of ‘a skilled attendant at every birth’. This shift in policy has been one of the core debates in the history of the global maternal health movement and TBAs continue to be regarded with deep ambivalence by many health providers, researchers and policymakers at the national and global levels. In this chapter, I take a critical global heath perspective that scrutinises the knowledge, policy and practice of global health in order to make visible the broader social, cultural and political context of its making. In this chapter, I offer a series of critiques of global maternal health policy regarding TBAs: one, that the evidence cited to underpin the policy shift was weak and inconclusive; two, that the original TBA component itself was flawed; three, that the political and economic context of the first decade of the SMI was not taken into account to explain the failure of TBAs to reduce maternal mortality; and four, that the reorganisation of the Safe Motherhood movement at the global level demanded a new humanitarian logic that had no room for the figure of the traditional birth attendant. I close the chapter by looking at the return of TBAs in global level policy, which, I argue, is bolstered by a growing evidence base, and also by the trends towards ‘self-care’ and point-of-use technologies in global health.
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Magrath, Priscilla. "Regulating Midwives: Foreclosing Alternatives in the Policymaking Process in West Java, Indonesia." In Global Maternal and Child Health, 139–58. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-84514-8_8.
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AbstractPromotion of “skilled birth attendants” (SBAs) in global maternal health policy has prompted a range of policy responses to “traditional birth attendants” (TBAs). In Indonesia the response has been to develop a national policy of partnership between SBAs (bidan) and TBAs (dukun bayi). This policy aims to ensure the presence of an SBA at every birth yet offers a role for TBAs. In this chapter I examine the development of a district regulation on partnership, promoted within the context of decentralization policies enacted in Indonesia from 1999. The district regulation aimed to strengthen the national policy in a location in West Java where TBAs remain popular. Drawing on 10 months of fieldwork from 2012 to 2013 at a district health office and on observations of its outreach programs, I elucidate how the regulation on partnership was promoted through the policy entrepreneurship of certain key figures in the district health office. They argued that the partnership regulation was the fastest means to improve maternal health. But casting a spotlight on the relationship between SBAs and TBAs diverted attention away from other health system challenges including under-resourced medical facilities and a weak referral system. Three contexts played into this process of bringing the partnership issue to the fore: global policies promoting SBAs and sidelining TBAs; pressure to achieve the Millennium Development Goal (MDG) on maternal mortality; and the limited financial power and decision space afforded to districts under decentralization in Indonesia. In this context, the regulation offered a viable path for demonstrating commitment to improving maternal health outcomes, yet one that failed to address broader constraints in the health system that contribute to persistent high maternal mortality rates.
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Maraesa, Aminata. "Managing Maternal Mortality: On-the-Ground Practices of Traditional Birth Attendants in Southern Belize." In Global Maternal and Child Health, 433–49. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-71538-4_22.
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Zinyemba, Lizzy. "The Role of Traditional and Spiritual Birth Attendants in Maternal Health Care amongst Tonga Women of Binga." In Tonga Livelihoods in Rural Zimbabwe, 131–44. London: Routledge, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003278580-11.
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Awali, Chipiliro, and Patrick Albert Chikumba. "Assessing Spatial Distribution of Maternal Health Related Resources in Health Facilities in Malawi: Case of Skilled Birth Attendants in Zomba District." In Lecture Notes of the Institute for Computer Sciences, Social Informatics and Telecommunications Engineering, 145–52. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-08368-1_17.
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"Attendance Quality in Maternal-Fetal Medicine." In Controversies in Perinatal Medicine, 66–76. CRC Press, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/9780203494196-11.
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Merriel, Abi, Raymond Kanthiti, and David Lissauer. "Direct maternal deaths." In Oxford Textbook of Global Health of Women, Newborns, Children, and Adolescents, edited by Delan Devakumar, Jennifer Hall, Zeshan Qureshi, and Joy Lawn, 104–7. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198794684.003.0021.
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This chapter discusses direct causes of maternal death, which account for nearly three quarters of maternal deaths worldwide. These deaths occur disproportionately in low-resource settings and are largely due to obstetric complications. It is therefore possible to significantly reduce these deaths. We discuss the five most important causes: postpartum haemorrhage, abortion-related deaths, hypertensive disorders, sepsis, and obstructed labour. The three delays in deciding, reaching, and receiving adequate care are then used to consider the broad areas to address to reduce direct maternal deaths. Possible strategies which could be implemented to reduce preventable direct maternal deaths such as implementing women’s groups and skills training are discussed. Finally, we highlight some of the challenges surrounding reducing direct deaths, including difficulties in measurement and increasing skilled attendance at birth. To overcome these challenges and prevent direct maternal deaths, comprehensive strategies addressing both community and health systems issues need to be employed.
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N. Hamilton, Whitney. "Factors Influencing Maternal Decision-Making on Infant Feeding Practices." In Infant Feeding - Breast versus Formula. IntechOpen, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.91325.
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The decision to formula feed or breastfeed a child typically begins with an established prenatal intention. This chapter will examine the multiple dimensions influencing maternal decision-making in regards to the feeding practices of infants including 1) individual maternal characteristics, 2) organizational factors, 3) hospital/provider recommendations, and 4) systematic/policy factors. The chapter will also examine the impact of infant feeding practices on early infant and childhood health outcomes. Research has demonstrated the benefits of breastfeeding on infants and early childhood which includes but is not limited to protection against common illnesses and infections, improved IQ , and even increased school attendance. Moreover, the World Health Assembly global nutrition objectives focus on encouraging breastfeeding support across all sectors in addition to implementing tailored community-based approaches, limiting the excessive marketing of infant formula, and enforcing supportive breastfeeding legislation. The aim of this chapter is to provide an overview of the dynamic interplay between individual, interpersonal, community, and societal factors, such as policies that impact breastfeeding rates and more specifically the health of infants.
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Adamson, Elizabeth. "Introduction." In Nannies, Migration and Early Childhood Education and Care. Policy Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1332/policypress/9781447330141.003.0001.
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This chapter covers the definition of in-home childcare and introduces the broad trends that underpin the restructuring of early childhood education and care and domestic care work. This includes an overview of recent trends and shifts surrounding women’s and maternal workforce participation, children’s attendance in formal and informal types of care, and the prevalence of in-home child care in each of the three English-speaking liberal welfare countries that are the focus of the book - Australia, the United Kingdom and Canada. These trends are also presented in relation to other developed countries across the OECD countries. It introduces how these demographic changes and shifts in policy structures render the need for greater attention to the place of in-home childcare. It also provides a policy snapshot of in-home childcare in the three focus countries, outlining the funding structures, regulation and migration context surrounding ECEC and in-home childcare.
Conference papers on the topic "Maternal attendance"
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Naidu, Vishal, Kumaresan Mudliar, and Kailas Devadkar. "WLAN attendance management system." In 2017 IEEE International Conference on Smart Technologies and Management for Computing, Communication, Controls, Energy and Materials (ICSTM). IEEE, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icstm.2017.8089117.
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Robinson, Risa J., Dean Culver, Michael J. Schertzer, Timothy P. Landschoot, and Edward C. Hensel. "Understanding the Causes for Low Student Office Hour Attendance." In ASME 2014 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2014-38698.
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It is long understood that many students do not take advantage of faculty assistance outside of class. In an attempt to improve the use of office hours, faculty have made efforts to schedule times that are most convenient to students and are most likely to have high attendance; before homework assignments are due or examinations are being held. Despite these efforts, students rarely take advantage of this support service. As a first attempt to improve student engagement, the number of office hours held by teaching assistants (TAs) was increased, expecting that students would feel more comfortable asking for help from TAs rather than faculty. However, office hour attendance was no better for TAs than for faculty. Yet, exam performance continued to indicate that many students could benefit from help outside the classroom. In an effort to better understand this trend, a survey was conducted to examine reasons why students choose not to attend office hours. In particular, we were looking for the effect of social norms, student’s perception of their understanding of the material and their need for extra help, as well as the use of other resources such as on-line solutions to homework problems and cooperative learning with other students. This survey was conducted in six classes (300 students) comprising our engineering science core curriculum, including: Statics, Mechanics of Materials, Dynamics, Thermodynamics, Fluid Mechanics and Heat Transfer. Results indicated that of all the factors tested, the only ones that positively correlated to low office hour attendance were (1) students felt they understood the material well enough and did not need extra help, (2) students procrastinated and therefore did not have time to seek help before homework was due, and (3) students who spent less overall time studying outside of class attended fewer office hours. The data did not support our initial premise that students who attended more office hours performed better. Further study is warranted to explore behaviors that enhance student performance. It is expected that results from these studies will provide information to improve students’ efficient use of time outside the classroom.
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Stimolo, María Inés, Estefanía Nahas, and Mariana Guardiola. "New Teaching Strategy Reusing Multimedia Materials: Different Uses of the Quiz Resource." In Bridging the Gap: Empowering and Educating Today’s Learners in Statistics. International Association for Statistical Education, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.52041/iase.icots11.t9d3.
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The pandemic and forced social isolation in 2020 prompted a radical change in teaching strategies. This situation was maintained in the 2021 academic year and there was a rethinking of the methodology used in distance education. In a first statistics course offered by the Faculty of Economics at the National University of Cordoba (UNC), Argentina in 2021, the didactic resources of 2020 were reused but redesigned based mainly on the implementation of quizzes worked on during synchronous virtual classes. The results of the strategy change were very encouraging because they allowed for more active virtual classes with greater student attendance, and also presented students with practice to review content and become familiar with the platform used for virtual evaluations.
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"ASME Conference Presenter Attendance Policy and Archival Proceedings." In ASME 2018 Conference on Smart Materials, Adaptive Structures and Intelligent Systems. ASME, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/smasis2018-ns2.
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"ASME Conference Presenter Attendance Policy and Archival Proceedings." In ASME 2018 Conference on Smart Materials, Adaptive Structures and Intelligent Systems. ASME, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/smasis2018-ns1.
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"ASME Conference Presenter Attendance Policy and Archival Proceedings." In ASME 2014 Conference on Smart Materials, Adaptive Structures and Intelligent Systems. ASME, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/smasis2014-ns1.
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"ASME Conference Presenter Attendance Policy and Archival Proceedings." In ASME 2014 Conference on Smart Materials, Adaptive Structures and Intelligent Systems. ASME, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/smasis2014-ns2.
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"ASME Conference Presenter Attendance Policy and Archival Proceedings." In ASME 2015 Conference on Smart Materials, Adaptive Structures and Intelligent Systems. ASME, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/smasis2015-ns1.
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"ASME Conference Presenter Attendance Policy and Archival Proceedings." In ASME 2015 Conference on Smart Materials, Adaptive Structures and Intelligent Systems. ASME, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/smasis2015-ns2.
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"ASME Conference Presenter Attendance Policy and Archival Proceedings." In ASME 2016 Conference on Smart Materials, Adaptive Structures and Intelligent Systems. ASME, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/smasis2016-ns1.
Full textReports on the topic "Maternal attendance"
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Chi, Primus Che, and Yasser Sami Amer. What is the impact of women’s groups practising participatory learning and action on maternal and newborn health outcomes in low-resource settings? SUPPORT, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.30846/1703132.
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Women’s groups are one strategy to help improve maternal and newborn health outcomes. They aim to do this by increasing appropriate home prevention and care practices for mothers and newborns, and by increasing appropriate care-seeking (including antenatal care and skilled birth attendance).
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Zamorano, Natalia, and Cristian Herrera. Can community-based intervention packages reduce maternal and neonatal morbidity and mortality? SUPPORT, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.30846/170115.
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In the last three decades, rates of neonatal mortality in low-income countries have declined much more slowly than the rates of infant and maternal mortality. A significant proportion of these deaths could potentially be addressed by community-based intervention packages, which are defined as delivering more than one intervention via different sets of strategies that include additional training of outreach workers, building community-support, community mobilization, antenatal and postnatal home visitation, training of traditional birth attendants, antenatal and delivery home visitation, and home-based neonatal care and treatment; usually supplemented by strengthening linkages with local health systems.
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Rarasati, Niken, and Rezanti Putri Pramana. Giving Schools and Teachers Autonomy in Teacher Professional Development Under a Medium-Capability Education System. Research on Improving Systems of Education (RISE), January 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.35489/bsg-rise-ri_2023/050.
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A mature teacher who continuously seeks improvement should be recognised as a professional who has autonomy in conducting their job and has the autonomy to engage in a professional community of practice (Hyslop-Margison and Sears, 2010). In other words, teachers’ engagement in professional development activities should be driven by their own determination rather than extrinsic sources of motivation. In this context, teachers’ self-determination can be defined as a feeling of connectedness with their own aspirations or personal values, confidence in their ability to master new skills, and a sense of autonomy in planning their own professional development path (Stupnisky et al., 2018; Eyal and Roth, 2011; Ryan and Deci, 2000). Previous studies have shown the advantages of providing teachers with autonomy to determine personal and professional improvement. Bergmark (2020) found that giving teachers the opportunity to identify areas of improvement based on teaching experience expanded the ways they think and understand themselves as teachers and how they can improve their teaching. Teachers who plan their own improvement showed a higher level of curiosity in learning and trying out new things. Bergmark (2020) also shows that a continuous cycle of reflection and teaching improvement allows teachers to recognise that the perfect lesson does not exist. Hence, continuous reflection and improvement are needed to shape the lesson to meet various classroom contexts. Moreover, Cheon et al. (2018) found that increased teacher autonomy led to greater teaching efficacy and a greater tendency to adopt intrinsic (relative to extrinsic) instructional goals. In developed countries, teacher autonomy is present and has become part of teachers’ professional life and schools’ development plans. In Finland, for example, the government is responsible for providing resources and services that schools request, while school development and teachers’ professional learning are integrated into a day-to-day “experiment” performed collaboratively by teachers and principals (Niemi, 2015). This kind of experience gives teachers a sense of mastery and boosts their determination to continuously learn (Ryan and Deci, 2000). In low-performing countries, distributing autonomy of education quality improvement to schools and teachers negatively correlates with the countries’ education outcomes (Hanushek et al., 2011). This study also suggests that education outcome accountability and teacher capacity are necessary to ensure the provision of autonomy to improve education quality. However, to have teachers who can meet dynamic educational challenges through continuous learning, de Klerk & Barnett (2020) suggest that developing countries include programmes that could nurture teachers’ agency to learn in addition to the regular content and pedagogical-focused teacher training materials. Giving autonomy to teachers can be challenging in an environment where accountability or performance is measured by narrow considerations (teacher exam score, administrative completion, etc.). As is the case in Jakarta, the capital city of Indonesia, teachers tend to attend training to meet performance evaluation administrative criteria rather than to address specific professional development needs (Dymoke and Harrison, 2006). Generally, the focus of the training relies on what the government believes will benefit their teaching workforce. Teacher professional development (TPD) is merely an assignment for Jakarta teachers. Most teachers attend the training only to obtain attendance certificates that can be credited towards their additional performance allowance. Consequently, those teachers will only reproduce teaching practices that they have experienced or observed from their seniors. As in other similar professional development systems, improvement in teaching quality at schools is less likely to happen (Hargreaves, 2000). Most of the trainings were led by external experts or academics who did not interact with teachers on a day-to-day basis. This approach to professional development represents a top-down mechanism where teacher training was designed independently from teaching context and therefore appears to be overly abstract, unpractical, and not useful for teachers (Timperley, 2011). Moreover, the lack of relevancy between teacher training and teaching practice leads to teachers’ low ownership of the professional development process (Bergmark, 2020). More broadly, in the Jakarta education system, especially the public school system, autonomy was never given to schools and teachers prior to establishing the new TPD system in 2021. The system employed a top-down relationship between the local education agency, teacher training centres, principals, and teachers. Professional development plans were usually motivated by a low teacher competency score or budgeted teacher professional development programme. Guided by the scores, the training centres organised training that could address knowledge areas that most of Jakarta's teachers lack. In many cases, to fulfil the quota as planned in the budget, the local education agency and the training centres would instruct principals to assign two teachers to certain training without knowing their needs. Realizing that the system was not functioning, Jakarta’s local education agency decided to create a reform that gives more autonomy toward schools and teachers in determining teacher professional development plan. The new system has been piloted since November 2021. To maintain the balance between administrative evaluation and addressing professional development needs, the new initiative highlights the key role played by head teachers or principals. This is based on assumption that principals who have the opportunity to observe teaching practice closely could help teachers reflect and develop their professionalism. (Dymoke and Harrison, 2006). As explained by the professional development case in Finland, leadership and collegial collaboration are also critical to shaping a school culture that could support the development of professional autonomy. The collective energies among teachers and the principal will also direct the teacher toward improving teaching, learning, and caring for students and parents (Hyslop-Margison and Sears, 2010; Hargreaves, 2000). Thus, the new TPD system in Jakarta adopts the feature of collegial collaboration. This is considered as imperative in Jakarta where teachers used to be controlled and join a professional development activity due to external forces. Learning autonomy did not exist within themselves. Hence, teachers need a leader who can turn the "professional development regulation" into a culture at schools. The process will shape teachers to do professional development quite autonomously (Deci et al., 2001). In this case, a controlling leadership style will hinder teachers’ autonomous motivation. Instead, principals should articulate a clear vision, consider teachers' individual needs and aspirations, inspire, and support professional development activities (Eyal and Roth, 2011). This can also be called creating a professional culture at schools (Fullan, 1996). In this Note, we aim to understand how the schools and teachers respond to the new teacher professional development system. We compare experience and motivation of different characteristics of teachers.
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Taking maternal services to pregnant women: The community midwifery model. Population Council, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.31899/rh16.1011.
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Evidence from a number of studies globally has shown a reduction in maternal and perinatal mortality when women have a skilled attendant present at birth. In Kenya, a skilled attendant assists at only 42 percent of births. In Central Province, over 70 percent deliver with a skilled attendant compared to 28 percent in Western Province. Results from one district in Western Province where midwives were given the necessary equipment and support to assist women during birth at home, showed a significant increase in home births attended by skilled health workers between 2001 and 2003 and a similar decrease in utilization of traditional birth attendants. As noted in this brief, this an indication that skilled attendance in the community is possible and a good alternative for women who are unable to reach a health facility. Building on these results, a Community Midwifery Model was developed that focuses on empowering midwives living in the community to assist women during pregnancy, childbirth, and the postpartum period in their homes, manage minor complications, and facilitate referral when necessary and transfer to the hospital.
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Traditional birth attendants in maternal health programmes. Population Council, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.31899/rh2003.1017.
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Despite the tremendous resources invested in training Traditional Birth Attendants (TBAs) over the past two decades, scientific evidence from around the world has shown that training TBAs has not reduced maternal mortality. Any improvement observed when TBA training programs have been introduced was because of the associated supervision and referral systems, and the quality of essential obstetric services available at first referral level. Conversely, evidence has shown reduced maternal and perinatal morbidity and mortality when women have a “Skilled Attendant” (a qualified health care provider who has midwifery or obstetric skills) present at every birth. Thus, national safe motherhood programs, including in Kenya, are now focusing on increasing the number of Skilled Attendants, whether a woman delivers in a facility or at home. Since TBAs are highly regarded by their communities, it is critical that they still be enabled to play a role in improving maternal health. As noted in this brief, the continued preference for TBAs in Western Province can be attributed to their proximity to the woman’s home, respectful attitude toward women, and flexible modes of payment. Problems can arise, however, when TBAs delay seeking skilled care for women in difficult labor.
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Repositioning post partum care in Kenya. Population Council, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.31899/rh16.1013.
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In Kenya, although 45 percent of maternal deaths occur within the first 24 hours after childbirth and 65 percent of maternal deaths occur during the first week postpartum, health-care providers continue to advise on a first check-up six weeks after childbirth. The early postpartum period is also critical to newborn survival, with 50–70 percent of life-threatening newborn illnesses occurring in the first week. Yet most strategies to reduce maternal and perinatal morbidity and mortality have focused on pregnancy and birth. In addition to the heavy workload of providers who do not assess the mother post-delivery when she may bring her infant for immunization, lack of knowledge, poverty, cultural beliefs and practices perpetuate the problem. The only register that exists for mothers post-delivery is for family planning, thus perpetuating the lack of emphasis on the early postpartum period with no standardized register to record care given. To address this gap in service delivery, the Population Council defined the minimal services a mother and baby should receive from a skilled attendant after birth. As stated in this brief, the development of a standardized postpartum register is one step toward advocating for providing early postpartum care among health-service providers.