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1
Moor, Merryl, and n/a. "Silent Violence: Australia's White Stolen Children." Griffith University. School of Arts, Media and Culture, 2006. http://www4.gu.edu.au:8080/adt-root/public/adt-QGU20070111.172012.
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This thesis makes a significant contribution to the existing knowledge on 'unmarried mothers'. Much of the literature on 'unmarried mothers' has been written by white, male, middle-class professionals who assume that unwed mothers are happy to place their babies for adoption so that they can be free to pursue other interests, meet other men and make a new life. However, after interviewing many of the mothers who gave up their babies in the 1950s, 1960s and early 1970s in Australia, I found this was not the case. Many of the mothers had wanted to keep their babies but were forced to relinquish them by their families and the wider society who seemed more intent on upholding nuclear family values than making available the resources needed to keep natural mothers and their babies together. My argument throughout this thesis is that given a choice - a viable economic and socially supported choice - many of the unmarried mothers, typified by those whom I interviewed, would not have parted with their babies. Most mothers interviewed, and presumably many of those in the community at large, have experienced much pain and grief as a result of the separation - a grief which is profound and lasts forever. Using Marxist feminist theories of the state and post-structural theories, my thesis highlights the perceptions and memories of birthmothers about the birthing experience and adoption as experience, process and life consequence. I also argue that the removal of white, working-class babies from their mothers compares in some small way with the removal of the indigenous 'stolen children' in the same period. The removal of Aboriginal children from their homes and cultures has been referred to by some scholars and activists as a form of cultural genocide. While the removal of babies from white, working-class, unwed mothers was different in that it had few racial implications, I argue that the system in place at the time was patriarchal and class-based and as such left the young, unwed women with no options but adoption. The thesis makes a very important and socially significant contribution to our understanding of unmarried mothers in that it presents a largely unwritten history of women. Rich in the voices of unmarried mothers, there are important conceptual, empirical and practical policy implications flowing from the research findings.
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Moor, Merryl. "Silent Violence: Australia's White Stolen Children." Thesis, Griffith University, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10072/365291.
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This thesis makes a significant contribution to the existing knowledge on 'unmarried mothers'. Much of the literature on 'unmarried mothers' has been written by white, male, middle-class professionals who assume that unwed mothers are happy to place their babies for adoption so that they can be free to pursue other interests, meet other men and make a new life. However, after interviewing many of the mothers who gave up their babies in the 1950s, 1960s and early 1970s in Australia, I found this was not the case. Many of the mothers had wanted to keep their babies but were forced to relinquish them by their families and the wider society who seemed more intent on upholding nuclear family values than making available the resources needed to keep natural mothers and their babies together. My argument throughout this thesis is that given a choice - a viable economic and socially supported choice - many of the unmarried mothers, typified by those whom I interviewed, would not have parted with their babies. Most mothers interviewed, and presumably many of those in the community at large, have experienced much pain and grief as a result of the separation - a grief which is profound and lasts forever. Using Marxist feminist theories of the state and post-structural theories, my thesis highlights the perceptions and memories of birthmothers about the birthing experience and adoption as experience, process and life consequence. I also argue that the removal of white, working-class babies from their mothers compares in some small way with the removal of the indigenous 'stolen children' in the same period. The removal of Aboriginal children from their homes and cultures has been referred to by some scholars and activists as a form of cultural genocide. While the removal of babies from white, working-class, unwed mothers was different in that it had few racial implications, I argue that the system in place at the time was patriarchal and class-based and as such left the young, unwed women with no options but adoption. The thesis makes a very important and socially significant contribution to our understanding of unmarried mothers in that it presents a largely unwritten history of women. Rich in the voices of unmarried mothers, there are important conceptual, empirical and practical policy implications flowing from the research findings.<br>Thesis (PhD Doctorate)<br>Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)<br>School of Arts, Media and Culture<br>Full Text
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Moore, Karla. "Phantom grief the grief of siblings separated by adoption /." Laramie, Wyo. : University of Wyoming, 2008. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1609286761&sid=1&Fmt=2&clientId=18949&RQT=309&VName=PQD.
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Oldfield, Katherine A. "Maternal separation : a model of depression." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.324049.
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Mighton, Jane Diane. "The relationship of perceived maternal conflict to grief intensity in a genetically indicated abortion." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/28793.
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The incidence of congenital anomalies or potential congenital anomalies of fetuses is two to three percent. Most women who have a positive diagnosis of a congenital anomaly choose to terminate the pregnancy. A review of the literature identifies conflict preabortion and grief postabortion as key variables for women terminating pregnancies for genetic indications. The purpose of this study was to study the degree of conflict in the decision-making process preabortion and the intensity of grief six weeks postabortion and to determine if a relationship exists between the conflict and grief variables.
This was a descriptive, correlational study which used summary statistics to analyze the data. Women responded to a questionnaire six weeks postabortion about conflict experienced pretermination and current grief experienced. The sample included nine women who aborted in the second trimester of pregnancy following either ultrasound, chorionic villi sampling, or alpha-fetoprotein analysis of the fetus.
The findings indicated that the women experienced conflict while deciding whether or not to abort the fetus and that at six weeks posttermination the intensity of grief experienced was still high. A scatter plot revealed a curvilinear relationship showing grief plateauing and then decreasing as the conflict scores rose. Recommendations were that objective counselling in the decision-making period prior to the termination be provided, and grief counselling should continue longer than six weeks posttermination for those who need counselling.<br>Applied Science, Faculty of<br>Nursing, School of<br>Graduate
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Gurbutt, Dawne J. "Making and re-making motherhood : maternal grief following sudden infant death syndrome." Thesis, Lancaster University, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.429974.
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Kozlova, Ekaterina E. "'Whoever lost children lost her heart' : valourised maternal grief in the Hebrew Bible." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2015. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:eb33c1be-0f1b-45e3-bb38-6ec147250b9b.
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Recent studies on ancient Israel's mortuary culture have shown that mourning rites were not restricted to the occasions of death, burial and subsequent grief but were, in fact, implemented in diverse contexts. In this thesis I am looking at biblical traditions in which these solemn practices contributed, or sought to contribute to various forms of social restoration. More specifically, I explore the stories of biblical grieving mothers who are placed at key junctures in Israel's history to renegotiate the destinies not only of their own children, dead or lost, but also those of larger communities, i.e. family lines, ethnic groups, or entire nations. Since 'the social and ritual dimensions of mourning are intertwined and inseparable ... [and] rites in general are a context for the creation and transformation of social order', these women use the circumstance of their 'interrupted' motherhood as a platform for a kind of grief-driven socio-political activism. Since maternal bereavement is generally understood as the most intense of all types of loss and was seen as archetypal of all mourning in ancient Near Eastern cultures, Israelite communities in crisis deemed sorrowing motherhood as a potent agent in bringing about their own survival and resurgence back to normalcy. I begin my discussion on mourning rites as tools of social preservation and restoration in biblical traditions with (1) a list of modern examples that attest to a phenomenon of social, political, and religious engagement among women that stems from the circumstance of child loss; (2) a survey of recent grief and death studies that identify maternal grief as the most intense and the most enduring among other types of bereavement; (3) an overview of ancient Near Eastern cultures (Mesopotamia, Egypt, Hatti, Syro-Palestine) that not only viewed maternal grief as paradigmatic of all mourning but also utilised ritual actions performed by mothers in contexts of large scale catastrophes as mechanisms for dealing with a collective trauma. Against this background my project then turns to discuss four biblical mothers: Hagar (Gen. 21:14-21), Rizpah (2 Sam. 21:1-14), the woman of Tekoa (2 Sam. 14:1-20) and Rachel (Jer. 31:15-22), all of whom perform rites for their dying or dead children and exhibit a form of advocacy for society at large.
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Matthews, Keith. "The behavioural and neurochemical sequelae of periodic neonatal maternal separation." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.624893.
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O’Connell, Keely Jane. "Stress Reducing Effects of Oxytocin in a Maternal Separation Paradigm." Wright State University / OhioLINK, 2008. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=wright1216649062.
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Partamian, Catherine M. "The impact of child adjustment to preschool on maternal separation anxiety." Fairfax, VA : George Mason University, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1920/3229.
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Thesis (Ph.D.)--George Mason University, 2008.<br>Vita: p. 105. Thesis director: Carol J. Erdwins. Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Psychology. Title from PDF t.p. (viewed Aug. 28, 2008). Includes bibliographical references (p. 96-104). Also issued in print.
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Rees, Stephanie Lauranne. "The effects of early separation and juvenile maternal experience on maternal behavior in the adult postpartum rat." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape10/PQDD_0005/MQ46169.pdf.
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Lutz, Wilma Jean Vargo. "Adult attachment representations and maternal separation anxiety in mothers of firstborn infants /." The Ohio State University, 1993. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1487841975358134.
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Caraway, Jessie. "Sensitization of behavioral response to maternal separation: persistence of the effect and role of proinflammatory activity." Wright State University / OhioLINK, 2010. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=wright1279025047.
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Laisa, BR. "Enriquecimento Ambiental Como Estratégia Não Farmacológica para Prevenção dos Efeitos de Longo Prazo da Separação Maternal." Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2015. http://repositorio.ufes.br/handle/10/7878.
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Previous issue date: 2015-08-21<br>A relação maternal perinatal tem fundamental importância no desenvolvimento de circuitos neurais saudáveis que permanecerão como herança mental ao longo da vida. Logo, eventos adversos nesse período tem potencial para desencadear psicopatologias na idade adulta, aumentando a vulnerabilidade a transtornos psiquiátricos e abuso de substâncias. Neste trabalho foi realizada a Separação Maternal (SM) em ratos Wistar machos, no intuito de mimetizar um evento estressor sustentado na infância de humanos. Em seguida, os animais foram submetidos ao protocolo de Enriquecimento Ambiental, uma estratégia não farmacológica empregada num período de plasticidade cerebral, como estratégia potencial para reverter os efeitos prejudiciais da SM. Na idade adulta, procederam-se os testes comportamentais, para aferição de depressão, ansiedade e abuso de álcool, e bioquímicos, como a dosagem de corticosterona plasmática, indicativo da reatividade do eixo hipotálamo-hipófise-adrenal (HHA) ao estresse agudo, e dosagem de dopamina e seus metabólitos em estruturas envolvidas em processo de gratificação cerebral via mesocorticolímbica (núcleo accumbens e córtex pré-frontal). A análise estatística foi realizada por meio do teste t de Student, análise de variância de uma via, duas vias, três vias ou medidas repetidas. Observamos que um protocolo de SM mais extenso tem maior impacto no desenvolvimento de comportamento depressivo na idade adulta. Não observamos hiperresponsividade do eixo HHA em animais separados em resposta a estresse agudo. O EA aumentou a preferência pelo consumo de sacarose e SM e EA concomitantemente aumentaram os comportamentos ativos no Teste do Nado Forçado, sugerindo potencial antidepressivo do EA. O EA parece ter potencial ansiolítico, ao reduzir a ansiedade aprendida aversiva no Teste de Odor de Predador, sem efeito significativo da SM nesses comportamentos. A SM aumenta a preferência pelo consumo de etanol e o EA foi capaz de prevenir esse efeito. No córtex pré-frontal a SM aumentou a quantidade de dopamina e o EA aumentou o turnover dopaminérgico, sugerindo recuperação até certo ponto da atividade dopaminérgica cortical. No núcleo accumbens, SM e EA concomitantemente reduziram os níveis de DOPAC, sem alteração no turnover dopaminérgico. SM e EA parecem não interferir nas memórias de curta e longa duração. Dessa forma, observamos por meio de alterações comportamentais e bioquímicas que eventos adversos perinatais aumentam a vulnerabilidade ao desenvolvimento de abuso de álcool e outros transtornos psiquiátricos na idade adulta; e o EA, empregado na fase de plasticidade neural, tem potencial para exercer efeito compensatório sobre os déficits gerados.
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Sanches, Vânia de Mello Catelan. "Luto materno e o vínculo com o filho substituto." Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo, 2012. https://tede2.pucsp.br/handle/handle/15133.
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Previous issue date: 2012-05-25<br>This work sought the understanding of maternal grief and the aspects that could bring complications to this process. It was considered the nature of the link that would structure between the mother and the replacement child, or rather, the son who was born to soften the pain for the loss of another son and the methodology used was the case study. John Bowlby´s Attachment Theory explains the process of making and breaking of affection bonds, as well as the characteristics of these links. The way each person constructs his/her internal working model, based on the kind of attachment that was developed in early childhood under the influence of the caregivers, determines the way each one will face the difficulties that life brings. The study led to the understanding that mothers with ambivalent and insecure attachments would be more likely to seek a new pregnancy to relieve the pain of loss. The link with the replacement child might be imbued image and influence of the dead child, causing, in some cases, damage to the child's identity<br>Este trabalho buscou o entendimento do luto materno e os aspectos que possibilitariam complicações nesse processo.
A partir dele considerou-se a natureza do vínculo que poderia se formar entre a mãe e o filho substituto, ou melhor, o filho que nasceu para amenizar a dor pela perda do outro, tendo como metodologia o estudo de caso.
O referencial teórico apoiou-se na Teoria do Apego de John Bowlby, que esclarece a formação e o rompimento dos vínculos afetivos, assim como as características destes vínculos.
A maneira como cada pessoa constrói seu modelo operativo, baseado no tipo de apego que desenvolveu na primeira infância, sob a influência dos cuidadores, determinará o modo de enfrentamento das dificuldades que a vida trará.
O estudo possibilitou a compreensão de que mães com apegos inseguros ambivalentes estariam mais propensas a buscar uma nova gravidez para aliviar a dor da perda. O vínculo com o filho substituto pode estar impregnado pela imagem e influência do filho morto, causando, em alguns casos, danos à constituição da identidade deste filho
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Paik, Kristopher Doojin. "Inhibition of pro-inflammatory processes reduces sensitization of the behavioral response to maternal separation." Wright State University / OhioLINK, 2009. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=wright1253372041.
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Xanthos, Evan D. "Angiotensin-II receptor blocker and its effects on depressive-like behavior during maternal separation." Wright State University / OhioLINK, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=wright1437154659.
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Zhang, Xiaojun. "Analgesic effect of paeoniflorin in rats with visceral hyperalgesia induced by neonatal maternal separation." HKBU Institutional Repository, 2008. http://repository.hkbu.edu.hk/etd_ra/919.
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Ferreira, Sofia Madaleno. "Tornar-se mãe para deixar de o ser: Estudo qualitativo sobre o aborto espontâneo." Master's thesis, ISPA - Instituto Universitário, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.12/2596.
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Dissertação de Mestrado em Psicologia Clínica, apresentada ao ISPA - Instituto Universitário<br>A Gravidez é um momento de grande alegria e felicidade na vida de uma mulher, é a altura em que confirmam aquilo para que nasceram, em que são capazes de dar continuação à espécie. No entanto, nem sempre uma gravidez acaba com a chegada de um filho nos braços, por vezes, as gravidezes são abruptamente interrompidas, provocando inúmeros sentimentos negativos na mulher, levando a considerar-se incapaz e inadequada à função inata para que nasceu.
É então, a difícil temática do Luto Materno que se pretende abordar neste trabalho, esperando no final perceber um pouco mais sobre a forma como o luto é/ou não construído para estas mulheres, e como é encarado o dia-a-dia após uma perda tão pertinente como a de um filho. Para esta investigação, foram entrevistadas duas mulheres que tiveram gravidezes normais e duas mulheres que sofreram abortos espontâneos, com o intuito de perceber como é o processo de se tornarem mães e como é feito o luto. Numa futura investigação sobre a temática do Luto Materno, poderíamos utilizar mais mulheres que sofreram perdas de um filho, alargando a mais tipos de perdas, não só as gestacionais, para se perceber como é feito o luto materno, nos diferentes tipos de perdas.<br>ABSTRACT: Pregnancy is a period of great joy and happiness in a woman’s life, is the confirmation of the reason for being born, being capable of assuring genetic continuity. However, not always a woman’s pregnancy ends with a child in the arms. Sometimes pregnancies are abruptly interrupted, causing many negative feelings, leading to the sensation of inadequacy and inability to achieve the natural function of delivering.
It is then the difficult topic of Mourning Mother, the one to address in this work, waiting at the end to understand a little more about how grief is, or not, perceived by concerned women, and how the pain of loss of a child is regarded day-to-day. In this research, we interviewed two women who had normal pregnancies, and two women who suffered miscarriages, in order to understand how women in order to realize what the process of becoming mothers is, and how woman go through mourning. In a future study on the topic of Mourning Mother, we could address more women who have suffered loss of a child, expanding to situations other then only pregnancy losses, to be able to compare the behaviors against different types of sufferers.
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Todkar, Aniruddha. "Alcohol Consumption: A Study of Genetic and Environmental Correlates with Focus on the Stress System." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för neurovetenskap, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-283065.
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Early life stress (ELS) is associated with risk of excessive alcohol drinking. However, the genetic mechanisms underlying the susceptibility to excessive alcohol drinking are not well understood. DNA methylation may mediate the influence of ELS on gene function and thereby contribute to alcohol misuse. Furthermore, susceptible genotypes of polymorphisms in interaction with early environment may influence alcohol related behaviors in adulthood. The present thesis comprised of a study of rodents and a study of humans. The former aimed to investigate the effects of ELS, alcohol drinking and housing on the expression of stress and DNA methylation regulatory genes in the hypothalamus and pituitary, and the expression of the Fkbp5 in the mesocorticolimbic system and dorsal striatum. The effects of ELS, alcohol, and housing on the DNA methylation of the promoters of genes of interest and blood corticosterone levels were also examined. Hypothalamic Adra2a expression was lower in alcohol drinking rats exposed to ELS, whereas ELS and ethanol drinking exerted independent effects on the expression of other genes in the hypothalamus and pituitary, however in a manner that depended on the control group used. Single housing associated with differential gene expression suggesting single housing as a confounding factor. Water and ethanol drinking in rats exposed to ELS was associated with higher and lower blood corticosterone, respectively. Brain region-dependent interaction effects between alcohol and ELS were observed on Fkbp5 expression in mesolimbic regions. These results indicate a counter-balancing effect of alcohol drinking to ELS. The study of humans investigated whether environment in interaction with single nucleotide polymorphisms of stress-related genes associate with alcohol use problems in young adults. The functional FKBP5 rs1360780 TT genotype in interaction with poor parent-child relationship was associated with problematic drinking behaviour. Regarding CRHR1, aversive and supportive environment in interaction with the rs1876831 AA genotype were associated with higher and lower alcohol drinking problems, respectively. Altogether, the present thesis deepens the knowledge of underlying genetic mechanisms for ELS-mediated propensity to drink alcohol and presents the novel insight into genetic susceptibility of FKBP5 and CRHR1 to early environment in relation to alcohol drinking problems.
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Mata, M. J. "Efeito da Separação Maternal Sobre a Impulsividade, Consumo Voluntário de Etanol e Expressão de Componentes do Sistema Endocanabinóide e Dopaminérgico em Córtex Pré-frontal e Hipocampo: Influência do Consumo de Etanol em Binge na Adolescência." Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2016. http://repositorio.ufes.br/handle/10/7864.
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Previous issue date: 2016-09-16<br>A separação maternal tem sido um modelo animal amplamente utilizado, para mimetizar eventos estressores no período neonatal, podendo levar ao desenvolvimento de déficits cognitivos e ao abuso de substâncias, como o etanol. Essa substância representa um potencial risco a saúde por se tratar de uma bebida muito consumida por jovens e adolescentes, principalmente, em binge, um consumo pesado episódico de etanol. Este é capaz de provocar alterações comportamentais e em sistemas de neurotransmissores, como o dopaminérgico e o endocanabinóide. Neste estudo, nós buscamos avaliar a influência do consumo de álcool em binge por ratos adolescentes submetidos à separação maternal sobre o aprendizado, a impulsividade e o consumo voluntário de etanol na vida adulta, bem como investigar os efeitos desses tratamentos sobre o sistema endocanabinóide e dopaminérgico. Para isso, ratos Wistar machos foram separados ou não de suas mães dos dias pós-natal 2-15, por 3 horas diárias. Os animais não separados foram mantidos sob condições padrões de biotério. No 35º dia de vida, os animais foram divididos em grupos para o tratamento agudo ou crônico. Ambos os grupos foram novamente divididos em 3 subgrupos, que receberam veículo (salina) ou etanol em doses de 3,0 ou 6,0 g/kg, por gavagem. O etanol foi administrado por três dias consecutivos (binge agudo) ou uma vez por dia, dois dias consecutivos, intercaladas por dois dias sem etanol, perfazendo um total de 10 doses (binge crônico). No final deste procedimento, os animais foram submetidos aos testes comportamentais de aprendizado e impulsividade, ambos utilizando um Labirinto em T, ao teste de consumo voluntário de etanol, ou eutanasiados para obtenção das estruturas córtex pré-frontal e hipocampo. A expressão de mRNA dos componentes do sistema endocanabinóide: receptor CB1, e as enzimas: monoacilglicerol lipase, amida hidrolase de ácidos graxos, N-acilfosfatidiletanolamina especifica fosfolipase D e diacilglicerol lipase, foi avaliada em ambas as estruturas, e os receptores dopaminérgicos D1, D2 e a enzima tirosina hidroxilase foram avaliados apenas no córtex pré-frontal. Nós observamos que separação maternal aumentou o comportamento de impulsividade e o consumo voluntário de etanol, e o consumo de etanol na adolescência prejudicou a memória de curta duração, parecendo previnir as demais alterações comportamentais geradas pela separação maternal. No córtex pré-frontal a separação maternal e o etanol alteraram o sistema dopaminérgico com redução da expressão de mRNA de D1 e aumento da tirosina hidroxilase, e parecem gerar um aumento das enzimas de síntese de endocanabinóides, N-acilfosfatidiletanolamina especifica fosfolipase D e diacilglicerol lipase. No hipocampo no grupo submetido a ambos os tratamentos houve uma redução da expressão de mRNA de CB1 e da enzima N-acilfosfatidiletanolamina especifica fosfolipase D, e um aumento da expressão da diacilglicerol lipase. Em conclusão, tanto a separação maternal quanto o etanol, foram capazes de provocar alterações comportamentais e nos sistemas endocanabinóide e dopaminérgico, e a separação maternal modifica a resposta aos efeitos do etanol.
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Castro, Zavala Adriana 1988. "Effects of maternal separation with early weaning on cocaine addictive behaviour and consequences on neuroplasticity." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/670107.
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Early-life stress is associated with maladaptive long-lasting brain effects. Such alterations increase the likelihood of developing several psychiatric disorders. However, the molecular consequences of early-life stress are poorly understood. Here, we evaluated the impact of maternal separation with early weaning (MSEW) at different phases of cocaine self-administration (SA) and the subsequent molecular alterations in brain reward regions of male and female mice. Our findings show that MSEW affects males while females appear to be resilient to this kind of stress. Maternally separated mice evidence higher percentage of acquisition, more cocaine intake and decrease capacity to extinguish the SA behaviour. Moreover, molecular analyses of the brain areas studied reveal sex-induced alterations in the AMPA receptor composition and MSEW-induced changes in the expression of GluA1, GluA2, pCREB and CREB. Cocaine also alters the expression of these molecules. Together, results suggest that MSEW induces molecular alterations in areas related to reward processing, potentiating the vulnerability to cocaine-seeking behaviour and depression.<br>El estrés en la etapa temprana de la vida se asocial con efectos cerebrales maladaptativos y duraderos. Dichas alteraciones pueden aumentar la probabilidad de desarrollar diversos trastornos psiquiátricos. Sin embargo, las consecuencias moleculares del estrés en la vida temprana son poco conocidas. En este trabajo evaluamos el impacto de la separación maternal con destete temprano (MSEW, por sus siglas en inglés) en diferentes fases de la autoadministración de cocaína, así como las posteriores alteraciones moleculares en regiones cerebrales asociadas al sistema de recompensa, en ratones machos y hembras. Nuestros resultados muestran que la MSEW afecta a los machos, mientras que las hembras parecen ser resistentes a este tipo de estrés. Los ratones separados maternalmente muestran un mayor porcentaje de adquisición, más consumo de cocaína y una menor capacidad para extinguir el comportamiento de autoadministración. Además, los análisis moleculares de las áreas cerebrales estudiadas revelan alteraciones inducidas por el sexo en la composición del receptor AMPA y cambios inducidos por la MSEW en la expresión de GluA1, GluA2, pCREB y CREB. La cocaína también altera la expresión de estas moléculas. Los resultados en conjunto sugieren que la MSEW induce alteraciones moleculares en áreas relacionadas con el procesamiento de la recompensa, potenciando la vulnerabilidad al comportamiento de búsqueda de cocaína y la depresión.
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Chrétien, Pablo. "Long term effects of early maternal separation on cocaine self-administration in the adult rat." Thesis, McGill University, 2002. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=29427.
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Epidemiological studies have consistently shown that early life events serve to define populations at high or low risk for drug abuse during adulthood. It has also been shown in rats that repeated episodes of early maternal separation permanently alters their dopamine (DA) and behavioral responses to stress and psychostimulants.<br>In this study, we investigated how early life events alter intravenous cocaine self-administration. Animals were tested on a progressive ratio (PR) schedule of reinforcement which yields a measure (the break-point or BP) of drug-seeking and drug reinforcement efficacy. On post-natal days 2--14, rat pups were exposed daily to either 3 hr of maternal separation (MS) or 15 min of handling (H). 3 months later, animals were initially trained to self-administer cocaine (1.0 mg/kg/inj) on a fixed-ratio schedule. Animals were subsequently allowed to earn cocaine on a PR schedule at doses of 0.125, 0.25, 0.50 or 1.0 mg/kg/inj. (Abstract shortened by UMI.)
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Zhang, Man. "Modulatory effect of magnolol in colonic motility dysfunction induced by neonatal maternal separation in rats." HKBU Institutional Repository, 2010. http://repository.hkbu.edu.hk/etd_ra/1149.
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Ward, LaSandra R. "The influence of psychological separation and maternal attachment on career choice commitment in college seniors." Morgantown, W. Va. : [West Virginia University Libraries], 2003. http://etd.wvu.edu/templates/showETD.cfm?recnum=3298.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--West Virginia University, 2003.<br>Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains vii, 161 p. : ill. Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 132-141).
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Salt, Julia Louise. "The relationship between maternal sensitivity in infancy, and actual and feared separation in childhood, on the development of adolescent antisocial behaviour." Thesis, University of Exeter, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10871/13565.
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Background: Research exploring the developmental of adolescent antisocial behaviour suggests that a secure attachment style is a protective factor against problem behaviour (Bowlby, 1969). It is theorised that disruptions in the attachment relationship can increase the likelihood of adjustment difficulties in adolescence, including antisocial behaviour (MacDonald, 1985). Such relationships have been inferred by cross-sectional research studies, but have yet to be tested in a longitudinal sample. Aims: This research is a secondary data analysis, using data from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children cohort study, to explore the relationship between attachment and adolescent antisocial behaviour at age 15.5 years. Attachment was measured using three component measures; maternal sensitivity in infancy (sample 1), separations from main caregiver in early childhood, age 3-5 years (sample 2) and the presence of separation anxiety in middle childhood, age 81 months, 6.75 years (sample 3). Results: Logistic regression analyses were used to explore the relationships. Using available data, in sample 1 (n=456 complete cases) no evidence was found to support an association between non-positive maternal sensitivity in infancy and an increased incidence of adolescent antisocial behaviour (OR=0.79 [CI=0.42-1.48], p=0.46). In sample two (n=3,961), the number of separations in infancy were not found to significantly increase the risk of adolescent antisocial behaviour (OR=1.26 [CI=0.94-1.71], p=0.17). Separation anxiety in middle childhood was not found to have an effect on adolescent antisocial behaviour (OR=1.01 [CI=0.80-1.26], p=0.96). Conclusions: The findings suggest that although components of attachment, as measured in this study, were hypothesised to be associated with an increased risk of adolescent antisocial behaviour, this was not statistically supported in this study. In this study effects may be limited due to attrition, leading to the loss of antisocial adolescents from the study, creating a bias in the sample studied.
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Coull, Kim. "The womb artist – a novel: Translating late discovery adoptee pre-verbal trauma into narrative." Thesis, Edith Cowan University, Research Online, Perth, Western Australia, 2014. https://ro.ecu.edu.au/theses/1583.
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‘The Womb Artist’ and accompanying exegesis, are a creative, autoethnographical, and performative exposition of the pre-verbal and embodied trauma of Late Discovery Adoptees (LDAs), a little-researched subset of the closed record adoption system in Australia. Using the work of Brodzinsky (1987, 1990, 2005), Lifton (1977, 1992, 1994, 2002) and Verrier (1993, 1997, 2003) on adoption trauma, the recent research by Kenny, Higgins, Soloff & Sweid, (2012) into Australian past adoption experiences, and the seminal work of Helen Riley (2008, 2012, 2013) and Catherine Lynch (2007) into LDAs, this thesis gives a visceral account, together with a critical examination, of the psychosocial consequences of Late Discovery across the life span (pre and post disclosure).
This research, as an example of the interface between trauma and narrative (Caruth, 1995, 1996; Felman and Daub, 1992; Herman, 1992), evokes the embodiment of and provides translation for the LDA experience allowing an investigation of the pre-verbal/pre-disclosure body as an interactive and fluid body of knowledges (Bordo, 1997; Grosz, 1994, 1995). Based on the author’s own life, the novel depicts the protagonist’s relinquishment at birth, her manufactured ‘death’, and her subsequent adoption into the closed record system. Although her adoption status is not revealed until middle age, her pre-verbal body knowledges, incarcerated beneath consciousness in the cellular, muscle/marrow of traumatic memory (Howard & Crandall, 2007; Lipton, 2005; Pert, 1987), communicate through unaddressed adoption psychopathologies such as PTSD (van der Kolk, 1988, 1994, 2002), agoraphobia, depression, dissociation, anxiety, and psychosomatic symptom (Brodzinsky, 2005; Verrier, 1993). The novel translates this body signage and becomes, as “shadow of the object” (Bollas, 1977, 1987), a performance and articulation of the relinquishment wound. The psychopathology, the clairvoyant pre-disclosure paintings, the post-coital glossolalia, the poetry, the journal entries, the long form prose of the novel, are the map to, and the evolution of, a reclaimed, reconstituted, and re-textualised self.
This research uses the techniques and sensibilities of écriture féminine (Cixous, Irigaray, Kristeva) in a heavily poetic, metaphoric, choric, and amniotic style that mimics and translates the abyssal and traumatic pre-verbal experience of relinquishment into a reparative prose and provides compelling evidence of the organic, embodied, and ever present and insistent verbosities of the body (Braidotti, 2009; Grosz, 1994, 1995). The novel’s thinly veiled fiction, with its artistic and necessarily protective intent, highlights the schism and slip between fiction and reality as it relates to the relinquishment/adoption experience (Homans, 2006, 2007; Lifton 1977, 1992) and is discussed with reference to the fictionalised autobiographies of Jeanette Winterson (1985), Janet Frame (1957), and Sylvia Plath (1963). In archaeological exploration, creative execution, and theoretical framing, out of the silence of the LDA relinquishment/adoption experience, this thesis illuminates the trauma associated with adoption secrecy and reproductive practices, and makes a strong case in support of the theories of embodiment and the cultural and scholarly value of autoethnographical writing (Bochner, 2000; Grierson, 2009; Pelias, 2004, 2013) but also provides further information and impetus toward developing compassionate and considered approaches within the growing 21st century reproductive psycho-socio-economic industries.
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Silva, Gezenira Rodrigues da. "O luto materno em narrativas de vida e de morte: uma abordagem sociolÃgico-discursiva da perda." Universidade Federal do CearÃ, 2015. http://www.teses.ufc.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=18491.
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CoordenaÃÃo de AperfeiÃoamento de Pessoal de NÃvel Superior<br>A presente tese à fruto do trabalho de pesquisas com narrativas de vida de mÃes que passaram pela experiÃncia do luto, provocado pela morte violenta do filho. Este estudo, de natureza pluridisciplinar, busca estabelecer um diÃlogo entre diferentes Ãreas das ciÃncias humanas, tais como: a linguÃstica, a sociologia e a psicologia, em torno da anÃlise do objeto: discurso do luto. De um lado, sÃo convocadas bases linguÃsticas e discursivas, atravÃs das quais sÃo postas à luz a capacidade dos enunciados em expressarem de forma linguisticamente particular o discurso da dor e do luto. Do outro, sublinham-se as ancoragens sociolÃgicas e psicolÃgicas, que pÃem em evidÃncia o contexto e as relaÃÃes sociais mediante a morte. Nosso objetivo geral foi caracterizar o discurso do luto materno, a partir de narrativas de mÃes que relatam a perda inesperada e violenta de um filho e suas consequÃncias. Nosso questionamento central foi o de como o discurso do luto materno particulariza-se em relaÃÃo aos demais textos narrativos autobiogrÃficos, ao levarmos em contas os aspectos afetivo-sociais e narrativo-discursivos. Servimo-nos de diferentes concepÃÃes teÃrico-metodolÃgicas como ferramentas de anÃlise. Adotamos uma pesquisa de carÃter explicativo, interpretativo, qualitativo, etnossociolÃgico, guiada pelo mÃtodo autobiogrÃfico, com dados coletados atravÃs da tÃcnica da entrevista narrativa. Utilizamos em nossas anÃlises dois blocos de categorias: caracterizaÃÃo sÃcio-afetiva, com categorias criadas a partir da interpretaÃÃo do corpus e dos estudos de Bowlby (1997); e caracterizaÃÃo narrativo-discursiva, com categorias baseadas principalmente nos estudos de Maia-Vasconcelos (2003; 2005) e de Labov (1972; 1997). Nosso estudo mostrou que narrativas de vida de mÃes, cujos filhos foram vÃtimas de homicÃdio, apresentam especificaÃÃes no que diz respeito à sequencialidade, à temporalidade, ao uso de princÃpios de estruturaÃÃo e à elaboraÃÃo semÃntico-discursiva. Percebemos que estes fatores sÃo resultantes do teor emocional e afetivo, que compÃem o tema deste tipo de discurso. Discursos narrativos autobiogrÃficos com a temÃtica voltada para o luto, provocado pela morte violenta de um filho, apresentam caracterÃsticas que o diferenciam dos demais gÃneros narrativos autobiogrÃficos, principalmente, no que diz respeito ao posicionamento do sujeito e à estruturaÃÃo do discurso em si. AlÃm disso, concluÃmos que as narrativas estudadas refletem um discurso coletivo de mÃes que expressam a dor pela perda de um filho. Hà uma interligaÃÃo da narrativa do luto individual com as demais narrativas advindas de contextos e vivÃncias semelhantes.
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Mäki, P. (Pirjo). "Parental separation at birth and maternal depressed mood in pregnancy: associations with schizophrenia and criminality in the offspring." Doctoral thesis, Oulun yliopisto, 2003. http://urn.fi/urn:isbn:9514270800.
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Abstract Early risk factors of the antenatal period and infancy have been increasingly linked to psychiatric disorders. The aim of this thesis was to study the associations between very early parental separation and maternal depressed mood in pregnancy on the other hand, and schizophrenia and criminality in the offspring in adolescence and adulthood, on the other, in two data sets. In the Christmas Seal Home Children Study the index cohort consisted of 3 020 subjects born in Finland in 1945–65 who were temporarily isolated from their family immediately after birth to nursing homes, the Christmas Seal Homes, due to tuberculosis in the family. The average separation time was seven months. For every index subject, two reference subjects were matched for sex, year of birth and place of birth. Data were obtained on schizophrenia from the Finnish Hospital Discharge Register (FHDR) in 1971–98 and on criminal offences from Statistics Finland in 1977–98. The 28-year cumulative incidence of schizophrenia was 1.6% both in the index cohort and in the reference cohort (RR 1.0; 95% CI 0.8–1.4). Both male and female index subjects had committed crimes more commonly than the reference subjects (in men RR 1.3; 95% CI 1.2–1.4; in women RR 1.5; 1.2–2.0). Of the male index subjects 12.1% as compared with only 7.1% of the reference cohort had committed violent offences (RR 1.7; 1.4–2.1). In the Northern Finland 1966 Birth Cohort mothers of 12 058 babies were asked at mid-gestation at the antenatal clinic if they felt depressed. This general population birth cohort of the children was followed up for 31 years being record-linked with the FHDR covering the years 1982–97 and with the criminal register of the Ministry of Justice up to 1998. We divided the schizophrenia patients into those having a psychotic first-degree relative (schizophrenia patients with familial risk for psychosis FR) and those without one. The cumulative incidence of hospital-treated schizophrenia was 1.3% among the offspring of depressed mothers and 0.9% among the descendants of non-depressed mothers (RR 1.5; 95% CI 0.9–2.4). The prevalence of antenatal depression was 35% in mothers of schizophrenia patients with FR. The respective prevalence was 14% both in the mothers of schizophrenia patients without FR and in the mothers of other cohort members. Both male and female offspring of antenatally depressed mothers were more commonly criminal offenders than offspring of non-depressed mothers (in men adjusted OR 1.5; 95% CI 1.2–1.9; in women OR 1.5; 0.8–3.0). In males, 6.5% with depressed mothers and 3.2% with non-depressed mothers had committed violent offences (adjusted OR 1.6; 1.1–2.4). Very early separation and mothers' depressed mood in pregnancy are per se unlikely to increase the risk for schizophrenia in the offspring, but seem to be connected to criminal behaviour, especially violent criminality in men<br>Tiivistelmä Raskaus- ja imeväisajan varhaiset tekijät on lisääntyvästi yhdistetty lapsen tuleviin mielenterveyshäiriöihin. Tarkoituksena oli tutkia hyvin varhaisen eron (separaation) ja äidin raskaudenaikaisen masentuneen mielialan yhteyttä lasten skitsofreniaan ja rikollisuuteen nuoruudessa ja aikuisuudessa kahdessa eri aineistossa. Joulumerkkikoti-lasten tutkimuksessa indeksikohortti koostui 1945–65 syntyneistä 3 020 tutkittavasta, jotka erotettiin väliaikaisesti perheistään heti syntymän jälkeen hoitokoteihin, Joulumerkkikoteihin, perheen tuberkuloosin takia. Ero vanhemmista kesti keskimäärin seitsemän kuukautta. Jokaiselle indeksitutkittavalle valittiin kaksi sukupuolen, syntymävuoden ja -paikan mukaan kaltaistettua verrokkitutkittavaa. Tieto skitsofreniaan sairastumisesta hankittiin sairaaloiden poistoilmoitusrekisteristä vv. 1971–98 ja rikoksista Tilastokeskuksesta 1977–98. 28 vuoden kumulatiivinen sairastuvuus skitsofreniaan oli 1,6 % sekä indeksi- että verrokkikohortilla (riskisuhde RR 1.0; 95 %:n luottamusväli CI 0,8–1,4). Sekä miehistä että naisista indeksitutkittavat olivat tehneet useammin rikoksia kuin vertailuryhmä (miehillä RR 1,3; 1,2–1,4; naisilla RR 1,5; 1,2–2,0). Miehistä 12,1 % indeksitutkittavista ja vain 7,1 % vertailuryhmästä oli tehnyt väkivaltarikoksen (RR 1,7; 1,4–2,1). Pohjois-Suomen 1966 syntymäkohortin 12 058 lapsen äideiltä kysyttiin keskiraskauden aikana äitiysneuvolassa, kokivatko he mielialansa masentuneeksi. Tämän väestötason syntymäkohortin (siis lasten) tietoja hankittiin 31-vuotisseurannassa sairaaloiden poistoilmoitusrekisteristä vuosilta 1982–97 ja oikeusministeriön rikosrekisteristä vuoteen 1998. Skitsofreniaan sairastuneet jaettiin niihin, joiden 1. asteen sukulainen oli ollut / ei ollut ollut psykoottinen. Sairaalahoitoa vaatineen skitsofrenian kumulatiivinen sairastuvuus oli 1,3 % masentuneiden ja 0,9 % masentumattomien äitien lapsilla (RR 1,5; 0,9–2,4). Raskaudenaikaisen masentuneen mielialan esiintyvyys oli 35 % niiden skitsofreniapotilaiden äideillä, joilla oli ollut lähisuvussa psykoosia. Vastaavasti masentunutta mielialaa esiintyi 14 %:lla sekä niiden skitsofrenia-potilaiden äideistä, joilla ei ollut sukurasitusta, että muiden kohorttitutkittavien äideistä. Sekä masentuneiden äitien pojista että tyttäristä useampi oli tehnyt rikoksen kuin masentumattomien äitien lapset (miehillä vakioitu vedonlyöntisuhde OR 1,5; 1,2–1,9; naisilla OR 1,5; 0,8–3,0). Masentuneiden äitien pojista 6,5 % ja masentumattomien äitien pojista 3,2 % oli tehnyt väkivaltarikoksen (vakioitu OR 1,6; 1,1–2,4). Hyvin varhainen ero ja äidin masentunut mieliala raskauden aikana eivät todennäköisesti sinänsä lisää skitsofrenian vaaraa lapsilla, mutta näyttävät olevan yhteydessä lasten rikolliseen käyttäytymiseen, erityisesti väkivaltarikoksiin miehillä
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Marmendal, Maarit. "Maternal separation in the rat : long-term effects of early life events on emotionality, drug response and neurobiology /." Göteborg : Göteborg University, Department of Psychology, 2005. http://www.loc.gov/catdir/toc/fy0705/2006411338.html.
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Tomes, Hayley Sarah. "Effect of maternal separation on stress-related proteins measured in a 6-hydroxydopamine rat model of Parkinson’s disease." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/6057.
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Includes abstract.<br>Includes bibliographical references.<br>The developing central nervous system is especially vulnerable and research has implicated early life stress (ELS) as a potentiating factor to cell death in a rat model of Parkinson’s disease (PD). PD is a movement disorder resulting from the selective degeneration of dopamine neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNc). Dopamine neurons have been shown to exhibit mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress and misfolded protein aggregation in patients with PD. Since ELS has been shown to negatively affect the nigrostriatal pathway and mitochondrial function, developmental stress may create a vulnerable microenvironment which results in a greater rate of cell death during the development of PD. Many proteins play a role in establishing a positive microenvironment that is neuroprotective, and may be good candidates for the mechanism by which ELS potentiates neurodegeneration in the PD rat model. This study aimed to investigate whether the finding that ELS increases neuronal susceptibility to 6-hydroxydopamine(6-OHDA)-induced degeneration of dopamine neurons occurs through dysregulation of the oxidative stress-related heat shock protein (HSP)25, or plasticity-related proteins, chondroitin sulphate proteoglycans (CSPGs) or Nogo-A.
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Figueira, Jéssica Araújo. "Early life stress by maternal separation increases tumor onset and progression in a chemically induced oral cancer model /." Araçatuba, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/152663.
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Orientador: Daniel Galera Bernabé<br>Coorientador: Sandra Helena de Oliveira Penha<br>Coorientador: Roelf Justino Cruz Rizzolo<br>Banca: Flávia Lombardi Lopes<br>Banca: Glauco Issamu Miyahara<br>Resumo: A ocorrência de eventos estressores nas fases iniciais de vida (estresse precoce de vida - EPV) pode afetar negativamente funções fisiológicas e psicológicas na fase adulta. Apesar de investigações pré-clínicas terem mostrado que o estresse crônico pode afetar a progressão do câncer, não há estudos que investigaram os efeitos do EPV na progressão do câncer bucal. No presente estudo, utilizamos um modelo animal de carcinogênese bucal induzida pelo carcinógeno 4-Nitroquinolona-1-Óxido (4NQO) para avaliar o impacto do EPV induzido por separação materna (SM) sobre a incidência e progressão do carcinoma espinocelular (CEC) de boca. As ninhadas submetidas ao protocolo de SM foram separadas de suas mães durante 3 horas por dia, do dia pós-natal 1 ao 21. Após os animais atingirem a idade adulta (90 dias), os grupos SM e controle foram tratados com 4NQO durante 120 dias. Análise histopatológica foi realizada para avaliar a incidência de CEC de boca e grau de malignidade do tumor entre os animais estressados e não estressados. Também foram avaliados o volume e espessura tumoral e o peso do baço e das glândulas adrenais. Os níveis níveis plasmáticos de norepinefrina foram analisados por ELISA e a expressão de RNAm para os genes relacionados à progressão do CEC de boca (IL-6, TNF-alpha, VEGF, p53 e CDKN2A) foram analisados por PCR em tempo real. A SM no período pós-natal aumentou em aproximadamente 60% a ocorrência de CEC de boca na idade adulta. Os ratos submetidos à SM desenvolveram tu... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)<br>Abstract: Early life stress (ELS) may negatively affect the behavior and physiological functions in adulthood. Despite pre-clinical investigation have shown that chronic stress may affect cancer progression, there are no studies which have investigated ELS effects on oral cancer progression. In the present study, we used an oral carcinogenesis animal model induced by carcinogen 4-Nitroquinoline-1-oxide (4NQO) to assess the impact of ELS induced by maternal separation (MS) on the oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) occurrence and progression. The litters underwent MS protocol were separated from their dam for 3 hours daily, during postnatal day 1-21. After animals reach adulthood (90 days), MS and control groups were treated with 4NQO during 120 days. Histopathological analysis was performed to evaluate the OSCC incidence and malignant degree between stressed and non-stressed rats. The volume and tumor thickness and the spleen and adrenal glands weight were also evaluated. Plasma norepinephrine levels were analyzed by ELISA and mRNA expression for OSCC progression-related genes (IL-6, TNF-alpha, VEGF, p53 and CDKN2A) were analyzed by real-time PCR. MS in neonatal period increased in almost 60% chemically induced OSCC occurrence in adulthood. Rats exposed to MS developed thicker (p=0.02) and larger tumors (p=0.03) compared to non-stressed rats. OSCCs from ELS rats showed worst pattern of invasion (p=0.004) and more perineural invasion (p=0.04) ELS also significantly reduced spleen (p=0.003) and adrenal glands (p=0.03) weight in cancer rats. ELS induced overexpression of IL-6 (p=0.04) and attenuated p53 expression (p=0.04) in OSCCs. Our results provides the first evidences that ELS may increase oral cancer onset and progression, and suggest that this effect can be associated with altered expression of IL-6 and p53<br>Mestre
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Schneider, Randi Lynn. "Persisiting Sensitization of Depressive-Like Behavior and Thermogenic Response During Maternal Separation in Pre- and Post Weaning Guinea Pigs." Wright State University / OhioLINK, 2011. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=wright1309794651.
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Parmar, Natasha. "Apprehension of Newborn Infants by Child Protection Services: Experiences of Mothers." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/42503.
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In Ontario, 1% of women who give birth have their newborn infant apprehended by child protection agencies (~200/year). Hospital-based perinatal nurses are in a unique position to support mothers. However, there is a lack of research examining mothers’ experiences of newborn infant apprehension. The purpose of this study was to explore mothers’ experiences with nurses and other providers when newborn infant apprehension occurs. Doka’s Disenfranchised Grief Framework was used as a lens to help guide the research questions, methods and analysis. Thorne’s Interpretive Descriptive approach was employed. Mothers who had experienced newborn infant apprehension in the last 10 years were recruited from an agency in Ontario. Nine individual, semi-structured interviews were conducted. When analyzing the data, the researchers identified patterns and themes from among the mothers’ varied experiences. The analysis resulted in four themes: Not good enough, I am a mother, I have rights, I live everyday like I’m grieving, and Hope in the face of adversity. The findings illuminated the imbalance of power that mothers face when experiencing newborn infant apprehension, where power and authority rest with health and social service providers. This research study will focus on the findings describing what mothers want - for nurses to be open-minded, non-judgmental, to teach mothers regarding cycles of violence, and to advocate for mothers’ rights. Ultimately, the mothers posited that nurses are well positioned to empower mothers, thereby giving them the opportunity to begin recovery.
The findings indicate a need for nurses to provide safe, compassionate, competent, ethical care and inform how perinatal nurses can better support mothers experiencing newborn infant apprehension.
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Erlandsson, Kerstin. "Care of the newborn infant during maternal-infant separation : the father as primary caregiver immediately after birth and the mother's experiences of separation and later reunion with the infant /." Stockholm, 2007. http://diss.kib.ki.se/2007/978-91-7357-373-3/.
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Wang, Han [Verfasser], and Volker [Akademischer Betreuer] Korz. "Postnatal maternal separation affects hippocampal longterm potentiation in adult stressed rats : molecular and hormonal mechanisms / Han Wang. Betreuer: Volker Korz." Magdeburg : Universitätsbibliothek, 2012. http://d-nb.info/1054135347/34.
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RÃgo, Rita Maria Viana. "Perda do filho, doaÃÃo de leite humano e luto familiar." Universidade Federal do CearÃ, 2013. http://www.teses.ufc.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=9961.
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nÃo hÃ<br>A morte constitui parte do ciclo de vida de cada ser humano, embora nem sempre este se encontre preparado para enfrentar; e quando se trata da morte de um filho, os pais necessitam da ajuda de profissionais que os acolham para a elaboraÃÃo do luto. O estudo teve como objetivos realizar acolhimento e acompanhamento do casal em luto pela perda de um filho; analisar os efeitos deste acompanhamento; elaborar, com as famÃlias participantes, tecnologia de acolhimento na elaboraÃÃo do luto pela perda do filho e verificar qual a decisÃo da mulher/mÃe em relaÃÃo ao destino de sua produÃÃo lÃctea apÃs a morte do filho recÃm-nascido (RN) ou quando a morte ocorreu intraÃtero. Realizou-se uma pesquisa-aÃÃo, pois se acredita que nesta metodologia o pesquisador vai alÃm de diagnÃstico situacional; este se insere no meio pesquisado, tem efetiva participaÃÃo e, consequentemente, existe a possibilidade de compreender a realidade para efetivas transformaÃÃes. Os resultados acontecem durante o caminhar, o que proporciona satisfaÃÃo para o pesquisador e participantes que se educam mutuamente; todos sÃo sujeitos atuantes e dispostos a pensarem juntos. Coordenou-se grupo de apoio/suporte do tipo semiaberto, com acolhimento de 14 casais em luto pela perda do filho. Quanto à frequÃncia das sessÃes grupais, reuniu-se uma vez por semana, aos sÃbados, no LaboratÃrio de PrÃticas Alternativas de SaÃde (LabPas), do Departamento de Enfermagem da Universidade Federal do CearÃ, durante nove meses, totalizando 30 encontros grupais. A duraÃÃo mÃdia de cada encontro foi de 90 minutos, perfazendo 2.700 minutos ou 45 horas de convivÃncia dos participantes da pesquisa, alÃm das visitas domiciliÃrias e contatos telefÃnicos. TrÃs etapas constituÃram o processo grupal - acolhimento, desenvolvimento e avaliaÃÃo. O acolhimento aconteceu por meio de relaxamento e tÃcnica de imaginaÃÃo criativa ancorada por um tema; o desenvolvimento foi conduzido por uma pergunta norteadora e a avaliaÃÃo realizada por meio de uma palavra ou frase. Os encontros foram finalizados por meio de um abraÃo coletivo. O perÃodo de coleta transcorreu entre 7 de janeiro e 29 de setembro de 2012. Os locais da pesquisa foram duas maternidades de grande porte, referÃncias do MunicÃpio de Fortaleza, capital do Estado do CearÃ/Brasil, que forneceram os telefones dos casais que perderam seus filhos RN, as residÃncias onde aconteceram as entrevistas. Avaliaram-se os 30 encontros grupais a partir de um diagrama que se idealizou com base em Loomis (1979). Os resultados foram analisados por meio de triangulaÃÃo dos dados, que permite utilizaÃÃo de diferentes tÃcnicas de coleta como a entrevista, a formaÃÃo de grupos e a observaÃÃo sistemÃtica. Reuniu-se inicialmente o que foi apreendido como aprendizado resultando em conhecimento e depois se apresentou uma proposta de tecnologia em acolhimento Ãs famÃlias que perderam seus filhos, o que certamente poderà servir como modelo de assistÃncia. Acredita-se que a PromoÃÃo da SaÃde deva ser representada pela pirÃmide da competÃncia, que se traduz em conhecimentos acumulados, habilidades e atitudes para uma presenÃa silenciosa, a escuta terapÃutica, o olhar no olho, a palavra oportuna e o abraÃo terapÃutico. Concorda-se com os diversos pensadores quando afirmam que o caminho se faz caminhando. Nesta tese, acolheram-se os casais que perderam seus filhos RNs ou que morreram no ventre de suas mÃes, para ajudÃ-los a acreditar que eles podem ressignificar as suas vidas. Os casais retornaram a se organizar, a cuidar-se e voltaram aos seus trabalhos; e em seus depoimentos percebeu-se que os encontros grupais contribuÃram para que eles acreditassem que um dia esta dor serà substituÃda por uma saudade sem dor, uma recordaÃÃo saudÃvel do filho amado que estarà no coraÃÃo destes pais. Nessa fase de elaboraÃÃo do luto, certamente, eles estarÃo revigorados e mais resistentes a possÃveis dores com as quais a vida surpreende a todos. Das 41 mÃes consultadas sobre qual destino dariam ao leite que produziam apÃs a morte de um filho RNs ou ainda em seu Ãtero, 21(71%), porcentagem significativa, afirmaram que gostariam de ter sido doadoras de leite, caso tivessem tido a oportunidade de escolha.<br>Death is part of the life cycle of every human being, though not always latter is prepared to face, and when it comes to the death of a child, parents need the help of professionals to the elaboration of mourning. The study aimed to carry out care and supervision of the couple mourning the loss of a child; analyze the effects of this monitoring; draw, with families participating host technology in the preparation of mourning the loss of his son and see what is the decision of this woman / mother about the fate of her milk production after the death of her newborn son (NB) or when intrauterine death occurred. We carried out an action-research, since we believe that in this methodology the researcher goes beyond situational diagnosis, it falls into the studied environment, have effective participation and consequently there is the possibility of understanding reality for effective transformation. The results occur during the process, which provides satisfaction to the researcher and participants to educate each other, everyone is acting subjects and willing to think together. Was coordinated up a support / semi-open type group, with 14 host couples mourning the loss of his son. Regarding the frequency of group sessions, met once a week, on Saturdays, at the Laboratory of Alternative Health Practices (LabPas), Department of Nursing of, Federal University of CearÃ, for nine months, totaling 30 group meetings. The average duration of each session was 90 minutes, totaling 2700 minutes or 45 hours of coexistence of survey participants, in addition to home visits and telephone contacts. Three steps made the group process - hosting, development and evaluation. The host came through relaxation techniques and creative imagination anchored by a theme; development was driven by a guiding question, and evaluated by a word or phrase. The meetings were finalized by a group hug. The collection period elapsed between January 7 and September 29, 2012. The research sites were two large maternity units, references the city of Fortaleza, capital of Cearà / Brazil, which supplied the phones of couples who lost NB children, the households where the interviews took place. We assessed the 30 group meetings from an idealized diagram based on Loomis (1979). The results were analyzed by means of triangulation of data, which allows the use of different data collection techniques such as interviews, group formation and systematic observation. It was gathered up what was initially perceived as learning resulting in knowledge and then proposed a technology for host families who lost their children, which certainly could serve as a model of care. It is believed that health promotion should be represented by the pyramid of power, which translates into accumulated knowledge, skills and attitudes for a silent presence, listening therapy, the look in the eye, and embrace the word timely therapeutic. We agree with the many thinkers when they say that the path is made by walking. In this thesis, were welcomed couples who lost their children or newborns who died in the womb of their mothers, to help them believe they can reframe their lives. The couple returned to organize their lives, to cuddle up and returned to their work, and in their testimonies realized that the group meetings helped them to believe that one day this pain will be replaced by a longing without pain, a reminder of the healthy beloved son who will be at the heart of these parents. In this phase of elaboration of mourning, certainly, they are refreshed and more resistant to possible pains with which life surprises everyone. Of the 41 mothers consulted about which destination would give the milk produced after the death of a child or NB still in her womb, 21 (71%), a significant percentage, said they would have been milk donors, if they had the opportunity to choice.
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Humayun, Mahnoor. "The Long-Term Effects of Early Life Stress on Anxiety-Related Behavior and Potential Therapy." The Ohio State University, 2020. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1594385096374312.
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Oreland, Sadia. "Maternal Separation in the Rat : The Short- and Long-term effects of Early-life Experience on Neuropeptides, Monoamines and Voluntary Ethanol Consumption." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för farmaceutisk biovetenskap, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-108678.
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Early-life experience has profound effects on the individual’s neurobiology and behaviour later in life. The rodent animal experimental model maternal separation (MS) was used to study this more in detail. The MS model involves short and prolonged postnatal separations simulating an emotionally safe and stressful environment, respectively. The aims of the thesis were to examine the impact of individual MS on ethanol consumption and on brain dopamine and serotonin systems in adult male rats. Furthermore, the influence of separation conditions on the short- and long-term consequences of MS on several neurotransmitter systems was examined. Rat pups were assigned to either litter-wise MS for 15 or 360 minutes (MS15l or MS360l) or individual MS for 15 or 360 minutes (MS15i or MS360i). Control rats were subjected to conventional animal facility rearing (AFR). Ethanol intake was assessed in a two-bottle free-choice paradigm. Neuropeptides were analyzed with radioimmunoassay, monoamines and metabolites with electrochemical detection and gene expression with qPCR. Using the MSi paradigm, minor effects on voluntary ethanol consumption were observed. However, the monoaminergic responses elicited by ethanol were dependent on the early-life environment. Furthermore, short- and long-term consequences of MS on serotonin, opioid, oxytocin and vasopressin systems were studied. Multiple neurobiological measurements in one and the same rat offered a unique possibility to examine the effects of duration (MS15 versus MS360) and condition (l versus i) of MS. Time-, region-, sex- and transmitter-specific effects were observed. More pronounced differences were seen in serotonin measures and oxytocin in young rats. In adults these differences in basal levels were normalized. Opioid peptides differed in stress-related brain areas in young rats and in limbic areas in adults. Rats subjected to the MS15l environment that relates to natural conditions generally exhibited a different neurobiological profile than other groups. AFR rats, i.e. conventional control rats, were more similar to the putative most stressful condition MS360. Taken together, the networks examined in the present thesis are important for the establishment of normal social behaviour and derangements in these systems may result in neurobiological changes leading to the susceptibility for psychopathological conditions later in life.
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Daoura, Loudin. "Early Environment and Adolescent Ethanol Consumption : Effects on Endogenous Opioids and Behaviour in Rats." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för farmaceutisk biovetenskap, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-198670.
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Excessive and compulsive ethanol drinking is one of the most serious public health issues. Therefore, it is vital to increase the knowledge about risks and protection for alcohol use disorders (AUD) to optimize prevention and treatment strategies. Ethanol consumption commonly initiates during adolescence when extensive neuronal maturation and development also occurs. Early exposure to ethanol is a risk factor for AUD, but the effects of adolescent drinking and the basis for the individual susceptibility to AUD are not fully understood. The interactions between genotype and environmental factors determine the individual risk for AUD and this thesis aimed to examine the environmental impact. The specific aims were to investigate 1) how early-life conditions affect adolescent voluntary ethanol drinking, behavioural profiles, endogenous opioids and response to treatment with an opioid antagonist (naltrexone), and 2) whether alterations detected in the offspring may be mediated by variations in maternal behaviour. A rodent maternal separation (MS) model was used to mimic a protective and risk-inducing early-life environment, respectively, with the use of 15 min (MS15) or 360 min (MS360) of daily MS. The main findings were 1) the MS360, but not the MS15 rats, responded to naltrexone following adolescent ethanol drinking; all adolescent rats had a high voluntary ethanol intake independent of early environmental conditions whereas in the adult groups the MS360, but not the MS15 rats, increased their ethanol intake and preference over time; adolescent ethanol exposure resulted in higher dynorphin levels in hippocampus and higher Met-enkephalin-Arg6Phe7 in the amygdala, independently of rearing conditions, 2) behavioural profiling using the multivariate concentric square field™ test showed: the young MS360 rats had increased risk assessment and risk taking behaviour compared to the young MS15 rats; the young MS15 rats increased, whereas the young MS360 rats decreased, their risk assessment and risk taking behaviour over time; differences in pup-retrieval strategies where the MS360 dams retrieved some pups into a safe area but as compared to MS15 rats they left more pups in a risk area; increased risk assessment behaviour in the MS360 dams immediately after weaning. Taken together, early-life environmental conditions alter adult but not adolescent drinking, the response to naltrexone, and behaviour in dams and offspring. Adolescent rats consumed more ethanol independent of rearing conditions and displayed increased opioid levels in brain areas related to cognition and addiction.
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Rassie, Candice. "Optimisation of a microfluidic device for the pre-concentration and size separation of cell free foetal DNA from maternal plasma by capillary electrophoresis." University of the Western Cape, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/4589.
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>Magister Scientiae - MSc<br>The discovery of cell free foetal DNA (cffDNA) in 1997 allows for the combination of accuracy as well as non-invasiveness for prenatal diagnosis. This non-invasive genetic test requires only a maternal blood sample from which the cffDNA can be isolated and analysed. In this work cffDNA was isolated from a maternal blood sample using a micro-fluidic device which was fabricated using hot embossing and laser ablation techniques. The DNA sample was first pre-concentration by electrokinetic trapping (EKT) and then isotachophoresis (ITP). The concentrated sample was then separated by size using capillary electrophoresis (CE), all in a single device. All parameters and processes concerned with the micro-fluidic device were optimised sequentially. These parameters include both the chemical components as well as the physical processes which occur. The DNA used for the optimisation protocol was analysed using fluorescence spectroscopy, agarose gel electrophoresis as well as an Agilent Bioanalyser. The optimised protocol included a 9% acrylamide/pDMA matrix, 3 M N,N-dimethylurea as a denaturing agent, with tris based buffers for pre-concentration steps and 1X TBE (tris/borate/EDTA) buffer for capillary electrophoresis. The applied voltage of ITP was 300 V and CE was carried out at 180 V. The timing at which DNA was extracted from the device was kept at time = 60 s intervals. The optimised protocol was then used for real sample analysis and these samples were obtained from mothers pregnant with male foetuses. The DNA extracted from the micro-fluidic device was then analysed using real time PCR (RT-PCR) in order to distinguish which was maternal and which was foetal. This was carried out by amplification of male and general (present in male and female) genes respectively. RT-PCR results confirmed that only the male specific gene was amplified in initial samples exiting the device and it was thus successful in isolating cffDNA from a maternal plasma sample.
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Silva, Gezenira Rodrigues da. "O luto materno em narrativas de vida e de morte: uma abordagem sociológico-discursiva da perda." reponame:Repositório Institucional da UFC, 2015. http://www.repositorio.ufc.br/handle/riufc/21789.
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SILVA, Gezenira Rodrigues da. O luto materno em narrativas de vida e de morte: uma abordagem sociológico-discursiva da perda. 2015. 192f. - Tese (Doutorado) – Universidade Federal do Ceará, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Linguística, Fortaleza (CE), 2015.<br>Submitted by Gustavo Daher (gdaherufc@hotmail.com) on 2017-01-20T16:54:10Z
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Previous issue date: 2015<br>A presente tese é fruto do trabalho de pesquisas com narrativas de vida de mães que passaram pela experiência do luto, provocado pela morte violenta do filho. Este estudo, de natureza pluridisciplinar, busca estabelecer um diálogo entre diferentes áreas das ciências humanas, tais como: a linguística, a sociologia e a psicologia, em torno da análise do objeto: discurso do luto. De um lado, são convocadas bases linguísticas e discursivas, através das quais são postas à luz a capacidade dos enunciados em expressarem de forma linguisticamente particular o discurso da dor e do luto. Do outro, sublinham-se as ancoragens sociológicas e psicológicas, que põem em evidência o contexto e as relações sociais mediante a morte. Nosso objetivo geral foi caracterizar o discurso do luto materno, a partir de narrativas de mães que relatam a perda inesperada e violenta de um filho e suas consequências. Nosso questionamento central foi o de como o discurso do luto materno particulariza-se em relação aos demais textos narrativos autobiográficos, ao levarmos em contas os aspectos afetivo-sociais e narrativo-discursivos. Servimo-nos de diferentes concepções teórico-metodológicas como ferramentas de análise. Adotamos uma pesquisa de caráter explicativo, interpretativo, qualitativo, etnossociológico, guiada pelo método autobiográfico, com dados coletados através da técnica da entrevista narrativa. Utilizamos em nossas análises dois blocos de categorias: caracterização sócio-afetiva, com categorias criadas a partir da interpretação do corpus e dos estudos de Bowlby (1997); e caracterização narrativo-discursiva, com categorias baseadas principalmente nos estudos de Maia-Vasconcelos (2003; 2005) e de Labov (1972; 1997). Nosso estudo mostrou que narrativas de vida de mães, cujos filhos foram vítimas de homicídio, apresentam especificações no que diz respeito à sequencialidade, à temporalidade, ao uso de princípios de estruturação e à elaboração semântico-discursiva. Percebemos que estes fatores são resultantes do teor emocional e afetivo, que compõem o tema deste tipo de discurso. Discursos narrativos autobiográficos com a temática voltada para o luto, provocado pela morte violenta de um filho, apresentam características que o diferenciam dos demais gêneros narrativos autobiográficos, principalmente, no que diz respeito ao posicionamento do sujeito e à estruturação do discurso em si. Além disso, concluímos que as narrativas estudadas refletem um discurso coletivo de mães que expressam a dor pela perda de um filho. Há uma interligação da narrativa do luto individual com as demais narrativas advindas de contextos e vivências semelhantes.
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Lawrence, Carol. "Development and Evaluation of an Instrument to Measure Mother-Infant Togetherness After Childbirth." Doctoral diss., University of Central Florida, 2012. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETD/id/5388.
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No existing measure to date captures mother-infant togetherness. A valid measure of togetherness is essential to engage in evidence-based practice, evaluate obstetric delivery models and nursing interventions, and measure the level of togetherness which promotes optimal maternal-infant outcomes. When together and in close proximity, a women and her infant have access to one another to allow for mutual caregiving or caregiving on cue. A new measure entitled the Mother-Infant Togetherness Scale (MITS) was developed based on a review of the literature and conceptual framework of Mother-Newborn Mutual Caregiving. The MITS is a 35-item instrument composed of four subscales that measures the timing, duration, and intensity of togetherness of the mother-infant dyad during entire hospitalization. The purpose of this multiphase study was to obtain support for the validity of the MITS. Phase 1 determined the content validity at the scale (S-CVI), subscale, and item level (I-CVI) with a panel of expert judges. The final sample for the content validation consisted of 7 judges from medicine (n = 2), maternal-child nursing (n = 1), nursing research (n = 3), and social work (n = 1). Judges were instructed to use a 4-point Likert scale to rate the relevance of each item (I-CVI) to the construct of togetherness. The S-CVI was calculated from the mean I-CVI scores. The CVI-S of .88 was just slightly below the desired CVI-S (> .90). Of the four subscales, all had adequate CVI (> .90) at the subscale level except the delivery affective subscale (CVI = .74) and postpartum affective subscale (CVI = .89). The delivery events and postpartum events subscales had satisfactory CVI scores (CVI > .90), 1.00 and .94, respectively.The CVI-I results identified a total of seven items on the affective subscales that did not meet the desired I-CVI (> .78).
Phase 2 pre-tested the readability and understandability of the MITS among eight postpartum women. During the interviews, the women were asked to complete the MITS and provide opinions about the readability and understandability of the directions and items. The audiotapes were transcribed word for word, reviewed for thematic content, and revisions made to the study instrument accordingly. This same sample of postpartum women participated in the content validation of the delivery affective subscale (items #4a-j) and postpartum affective subscale (items #17a-j). The I-CVI results identified that a total of six items on the affective subscales had a CVI-I of .75, just slightly below the desired I-CVI (> .78). Scale items were deleted or revised and the instrument retested until the desirable CVI at the scale and subscale level was achieved.
Phase 3 used a descriptive study design to examine women’s ability to accurately self-report birth events on the MITS delivery events subscale at 4 weeks postpartum, as compared to observer-collected data obtained at delivery to determine the most valid mode of administration. A purposive sample consisted of 45 women having delivered at a community hospital in southwest Florida. The research team completed the MITS delivery events subscale immediately after delivery. Women were sent the MITS for completion 4 weeks after delivery. McNemar Chi-Squares were (χ) were calculated from the self-reported MITS delivery events subscale scores and the observer-collected MITS delivery events subscale scores. No significant difference (p < .05) was found supporting self-reported mode of administration for the MITS.
Phase 4 is in-progress and evaluates the reliability and validity of the MITS subscale and total scale scores. The interim analysis was performed on a sample of 113 postpartum participants (composed of the final sample of 31 participants from Phase 3 and the first 82 participants from Phase 4) having delivered at three of the four participating hospital study sites.
Adequate internal consistency reliability was found at the scale level with Cronbach’s alpha (α = .89) and split-half reliability results (α = .79 – 81, r = .83 - .88). Of the 35 MITS items, 10 items (28.6%) were found to have item-total correlations less than .30, arguing against treating MITS items as a single total scale measure. Good internal consistency was found at the delivery events subscale level (α = .78). Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) identified a two- factor solution. The two factors were named Taking In and Taking Control and had internal consistency reliability.79 and .65, respectively. Additional work needs to be done to improve the internal consistency of the Taking Control factor. The postpartum events subscale also had low internal consistency (α = .58). This subscale was not factor analyzed because the item response data did not meet the criteria for factor analysis. The items on the postpartum events subscale were assessed to be unique, singular, heterogeneous items that did not correlate well with other items. These results are conceptually logical given the nature of what the items are measuring (occurrence/intensity of specific events in time). The delivery affective subscale had good internal consistency reliability (α = .85) and a two factor solution. The two factors, named Feelings At Delivery and Delivery Concerns, had adequate internal constancy (α = .81 and α = .80, respectively). The postpartum effective subscale had good internal consistency reliability (α = .92) and a one factor solution. Results for known groups testing based on feeding type and mode of delivery found all group differences were in the predicted direction. Higher scores were found for mother-infant dyads who breastfed than for mother-infant dyads who bottle fed. However, only group differences for the events subscales were substantive and statistically significant (p < 001.). Higher scores were found for mother-infant dyads who experiencing a vaginal delivery than for mother-infant dyads who experienced a cesarean delivery. Group differences were substantive and statistically significant (p < .01) for three of the four subscale scores. A post hoc power analysis on the means and standard deviations from the interim analysis and the between-groups comparison effect size observed for feeding type (d = .50) found a sample of 45 adequate to have statistical power at the recommended beta of .80 and alpha of .05. The post hoc power analysis on the effect size for mode of delivery (d = .75), found a sample of 156 are needed to obtain statistical power at the recommended beta of .80 and alpha of .05. Therefore, the desired sample size of 200 women for the final analysis is adequate to obtain statistical power. A third known group testing for the variable of central nursery availability could not be performed with the interim analysis data because no participants in the interim analysis sample reported this experience. However, this analysis will be performed with the final data set. This is the first study to operationalize togetherness during the entire hospitalization and to include all dimensions of the construct. The findings from this multi-phase study provide initial support for the reliability and validity of the MITS. Although the results from Phase 4 are interim and therefore tentative, they provide preliminary psychometric evidence for construct validity.<br>Ph.D.<br>Doctorate<br>Nursing<br>Nursing<br>Nursing
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Schreibeis, Amanda Danielle. "Cross Sensitization of Depressive-Like Behavior through Two Depression Related Paradigms: Maternal Separation and Its Effect on the Forced Swim Test In the Guinea Pig." Wright State University / OhioLINK, 2016. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=wright1484638271891606.
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Merlo, Suélen. "Neurogênese e plasticidade sináptica no Hipocampo de ratos submetidos à separação materna e enriquecimento ambiental." Universidade de São Paulo, 2014. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/17/17140/tde-17012015-134343/.
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Eventos estressantes durante a infância promovem alterações comportamentais e encefálicas persistentes, aumentando a predisposição para transtornos psiquiátricos. A separação materna tem sido utilizada como modelo de estresse pós-natal. Animais submetidos à separação materna apresentam uma resposta exacerbada do eixo hipotálamo-hipófise-adrenal ao estresse. Ao contrário, estudos sugerem que o ambiente enriquecido, por aumentar a neurogênese no giro denteado do hipocampo, pode ter efeitos benéficos sobre doenças de distúrbio comportamental. No presente projeto questionamos se o enriquecimento ambiental interfere com as alterações plásticas promovidas pela separação materna no hipocampo de ratos jovens. Utilizamos imunofluorescência, microscopia confocal, microscopia eletrônica e qRT- PCR de amostras coletadas por microdissecção a laser. A separação materna reduziu a neurogênese hipocampal, bem como a expressão de mRNA para os genes Nr3c1, codificador de receptores glicocorticóides, e Htr1a, codificador de receptores serotoninérgicos (5TH-1A). O enriquecimento ambiental reduziu a expressão de Htr1a. Além disso, aumentou a proporção de sinapses sobre espinhos dendríticos, sugerindo maior plasticidade sináptica. O enriquecimento ambiental, nos animais previamente submetidos à separação materna, aumentou a sobrevivência celular e a expressão de Nr3c1, mas não a diferenciação neuronal hipocampal. As alterações promovidas pela separação materna parecem ser persistentes, mas podem ser parcialmente revertidas pelo enriquecimento do ambiente.<br>Stressful events during childhood promote persistent behavioral and brain changes, increasing the predisposition to psychiatric disorders. The maternal separation has been used as postnatal stress model. Animals subjected to maternal separation exhibit an exaggerated response of the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal axis to stress. Instead, studies suggest that environmental enrichment, by increasing neurogenesis in the dentate gyrus of the hippocampus, has beneficial effects on behavioral disorders. In this project, we discuss whether the environmental enrichment interferes with plastic changes promoted by maternal separation in the hippocampus of young rats. We used immunofluorescence, confocal microscopy, electron microscopy and qRT-PCR of samples collected by a laser microdissection system. The maternal separation reduced hippocampal neurogenesis, as well as the mRNA expression for the genes Nr3c1, that codify glycocorticoid receptors, and Htr1a, that codify serotonin receptors (5HT-1A). Environmental enrichment reduced the expression of Htr1a. Furthermore, increases the proportion of synapses on dendritic spines, suggesting greater synaptic plasticity. The environment enrichment of the animals subjected to maternal separation increased cell survival and the expression of Nr3c1 mRNA, but not the neuronal differentiation in the hippocampus. The changes promoted by maternal separation are persistent, however may be partially reversed by the environmental enrichment.
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Roman, Erika. "Maternal Separation in Rats : An Experimental Model for Long-Term Effects of Early Life Experiences on Neurochemistry, Voluntary Ethanol Intake and Exploration and Risk Assessment Behavior." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för farmaceutisk biovetenskap, 2004. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-4465.
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The period of early life is important for the development of individual brain function and behavior. Human studies have shown altered vulnerability to develop psychopathology and/or excessive drug intake, possibly leading to dependence, as a consequence of early life experiences. In the present thesis, maternal separation (MS), an experimental model for studies of early environmental influences, was used to investigate long-term effects on neurochemistry, voluntary ethanol intake and exploration and risk assessment behavior in rats. Rat pups were assigned to one of three different rearing conditions: daily 15 min (MS15) or 360 min (MS360) of MS and normal animal facility rearing (AFR) during the first three weeks of life. Measurements of adult endogenous opioid peptide levels, opioid- and dopamine receptor density revealed minor MS-induced effects on the opioid system whereas interesting alterations were found in dopamine receptor density. Long-term effects on voluntary ethanol intake showed distinct MS-induced alterations in male Wistar and ethanol-preferring AA (Alko, Alcohol) rats. Female Wistar rats were unaffected, indicating sex differences in the effects of MS on ethanol intake. Male MS15 rats generally had a slower acquisition phase and a low subsequent ethanol intake whereas male MS360 rats had a high ethanol intake. MS15 is therefore suggested to protect against a high voluntary ethanol intake in male rats whereas MS360 may serve as a risk factor. The recently established concentric square field test indicated alterations in risk assessment as well as an increased exploratory drive and somewhat higher risk-taking behavior in adult MS360 rats, while minor effects were seen in MS15 rats. Altogether, these results demonstrate that environmental influences during the period of early life can have long-term effects on neurochemistry and behavior. Of special interest is the finding that MS altered the inherited high ethanol intake in adult ethanol-preferring AA rats.
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Maken, Deborah Suzanne. "Central Mechanisms Regulating Pituitary-Adrenal Activity in Infant Guinea Pigs (Cavia porcellus) during Exposure to Psychological Stressors: Independent and Combined Effects of Maternal Separation and Novelty." Wright State University / OhioLINK, 2009. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=wright1259610672.
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Ssenyonga, Lydia V. N. "Effects of decreasing maternal separation of under 6-month old infants directly before and after surgery on allostatic load and outcomes : a randomised control trail [i.e. trial]." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/6058.
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Includes abstract.<br>Includes bibliographical references.<br>The current understanding is that infants below six months old do not show separation anxiety (Bretherton, 1985). The objective of the study was to measure the evidence of stress using heart rate variability and impedance cardiograph as indicators of autonomic nervous system activation in order to determine whether decreasing maternal separation of under 6-month-old infants directly before and after surgery decreases their stress experience. The hypothesis was a mother’s presence makes a difference to the autonomic response to stress in infants under six months old undergoing elective hernia surgery.
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Marconsini, Fabiana [UNESP]. "Efeitos da separação materna e do alcoolismo sobre a vesícula seminal e a galândula de coagulação de ratos UCh (bebedores voluntários de etanol a 10%)." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/87808.
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marconsini_f_me_botib.pdf: 330276 bytes, checksum: 4c8ef01035f29c6c208a8791410d1d6c (MD5)<br>Experiências adversas na infância estão associadas ao abuso de álcool e de outras drogas na adolescência e na vida adulta. Crianças e adolescentes maltratados manifestam distúrbios do sistema biológico de resposta ao estresse. A exposição crônica a fatores estressantes aumenta a atividade do eixo hipotálamo-hipófise-adrenal (HHA) e, concomitantemente, reduz a atividade do eixo hipotálamo-hipófise-gônada (HHG). Assim, sabe-se que estresses sociais e ambientais produzem os efeitos deletérios na função reprodutiva. No entanto, a maior parte dos trabalhos relacionando os efeitos deletérios do estresse sobre as funções reprodutivas masculinas está direcionada para a investigação de hormônios, raros são os relatos sobre aos efeitos do estresse sobre a vesícula seminal e glândula de coagulação. Pouco é conhecido sobre a complexa relação entre o estresse, o alcoolismo e as alterações dos genitais masculinos. Considerando as linhagens de ratos UCh, o conhecimento da alteração do eixo hipotálamo-hipófise-testículo e estresse durante a seleção das linhagens UCh, despertou-se interesse na investigação do estresse neonatal sobre a vesícula seminal e glândula de coagulação destas linhagens, já que as alterações morfofisiológicas sobre os sistemas genitais masculino e feminino foram confirmadas. Além do que, muitos fatores observados no alcoólico podem ser frutos do estresse vivido precocemente, os quais podem estar potencializados ou não no homem adulto. Dessa forma, o presente trabalho propõe investigar e avaliar se há interação entre a separação materna e o alcoolismo sobre a estrutura da vesícula seminal e glândula de coagulação de ratos machos UCh. Metodologia: avaliação hormonal das concentrações plasmáticas de testosterona e corticosterona, análise estrutural, morfométrica, da proliferação celular da vesícula seminal...<br>In childhood, traumatic experiences are associated with alcohol and other drugs dependence in adolescence and adult life. Maltreated children and teenagers display biological disturb related in response to stress. Chronic exposure to stressfull factors increases the activity of the hypothalamic-hypophyseal-adrenal (HHA) axis and also reduces the activity of the hypothalamic-hypophyseal-gonaldal (HHG) axis. Thus, it is know that social and environmental stressing factors produce impairing effects on reprodutive functions. However, the most part of studies related to the harmful effects of stress on the seminal vesicle and coagulating gland are quite rare. Little is known about the complex association among stress, alcoholism and male genital alterations. Considering the UCh rat lineage, the knowledge on its hypothalamic-hypophyseal-testicular axis alterations and the stress during UCh strain selections, there was an interest in investigating the effects of neonatal stress on the seminal vesicle and coagulating gland of this lineage, since morphophysiological alterations in both male and female genital tracts have already been reported. Futhermore, many of the factors seen in alcoholism may be a result of early stress, which can be potentialized or not in the adult man. Therefore, the present work has the purpose to investigate and evaluate whether maternal separation and the alcoholism interposes on the seminal vesicle and coagulanting gland of the UCh rats. Methods: plasmatic testosterone and corticosterone levels evaluation, morphometric analysis of the cell proliferation, p63 protein and androgen receptor immunohistochemistry. Concluded that there is an interaction between the maternal separation and ethanol consumption on the seminal vesicle and coagulating gland, acting on the HHG and HHA axis, which might it be leading to large response of the reproduction
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Patel, Vaidehi. "Effects of Early Life Neglect on Cocaine use during adolescence and subsequent effect on FGF-2 levels in adulthood." Kent State University Honors College / OhioLINK, 2020. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ksuhonors1588276506770239.
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