Journal articles: 'Maternal Health/Burkina Faso'

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Lorenz, N., A. Nougtara, and P. Garner. "Episiotomy in Burkina Faso." Tropical Doctor 28, no. 2 (April 1998): 83–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/004947559802800209.

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Episiotomy is a common obstetric intervention in many countries of the world, although little is known about rates in African countries. In recent years, the effectiveness of routine episiotomy to prevent severe tears and neonatal asphyxia has been questioned, and evidence shows that the procedure results in considerable maternal morbidity. This study estimates episiotomy rates in Burkina Faso. A high proportion of primigravidae (46%) received an episiotomy when trained midwives attended the delivery; a level which indicates the procedure has to be regarded as routine practice. The episiotomy rate was lower (26%) in primigravidae delivered by auxiliary midwives. This proportion is closer to recommended selective approaches derived from good research summaries. The tear rate in women assisted by midwife and auxiliary staff was similar, suggesting that women tear even when the procedure is performed. These results indicate that obstetricians and midwives in Burkina Faso should critically appraise whether routine episiotomy should be abandoned. The introduction of a labour chart is a good vehicle to introduce a policy on avoiding episiotomies.

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Perkins, Janet, Cecilia Capello, Aminata Bargo, and Carlo Santarelli. "Shared Decision-making in Maternal and Newborn Health in Burkina Faso." International Journal of Person Centered Medicine 5, no. 2 (November 9, 2015): 68–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.5750/ijpcm.v5i2.526.

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Community participation in decision-making within the health sector is an essential component in advancing efforts toward primary health care (PHC). Since 2006, Enfants du Monde, a Swiss non-governmental organization (NGO), in collaboration with the local NGO Fondation pour le Développement Communautaire/Burkina Faso (FDC/BF), has been supporting the Ministry of Health (MoH) to include communities in decision-making related to maternal and newborn health (MNH) services. Notably, participatory community assessments (PCA) are conducted to provide a platform for community members to discuss MNH needs and be involved in the decision-making within the health sector. During the PCAs, participants identify and prioritize needs and propose solutions to improve MNH, solutions which are then integrated in the annual district health action plan. Integrated interventions include: promotion of birth preparedness and complication readiness; training health care providers in counselling skills; building awareness of men on MNH issues and their capacity to support women; and strengthening community bodies to manage obstetrical and neonatal complications. The inclusion of these interventions has contributed to the advancement of PHC in three regions in Burkina Faso.

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Perkins, Janet, Aminata Bargo, Cecilia Capello, and Carlo Santarelli. "Training health workers to provide person-centred maternal and newborn health care in Burkina Faso." International Journal of Person Centered Medicine 3, no. 2 (December 12, 2013): 154–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.5750/ijpcm.v3i2.405.

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Assuring the provision of person-centred care is critical in maternal and newborn health (MNH). As a component of the national strategy to improve MNH, Burkina Faso Ministry of Health, supported by Enfants du Monde, La Fondation pour le Développement Communautaire/Burkina Faso and UNFPA, is implementing the World Health Organization’s (WHO) framework for Working with Individuals, Families and Communities (IFC) to improve MNH. As a first step in district implementation, participatory community assessments were conducted. These assessments consistently revealed that poor interactions with healthcare providers posed one important barrier preventing women from seeking MNH services. In order to address this barrier, healthcare providers were trained to improve their interpersonal skills and in counselling women. During 2011-12 a total of 175 personnel were trained over a 5-day course developed using a WHO manual. The course was met with enthusiasm as providers expressed their need and desire for such training. Immediate post-test results revealed an impressive increase in knowledge and anecdotal evidence suggests that training has influenced provider’s behaviours in their interactions with women. In addition, health care providers are taking concrete action to build the capabilities of women to experience pregnancy and birth safely by engaging directly with communities. While early findings are promising, an evaluation will be necessary to measure how the training has influenced practices, whether this translates into a shift of perceptions at community level and ultimately its contribution toward promoting person-centred care in Burkina Faso.

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Dwomoh, Duah, Kofi Agyabeng, Kwame Agbeshie, Gabriel Incoom, Priscilla Nortey, Alfred Yawson, and Samuel Bosomprah. "Impact evaluation of the free maternal healthcare policy on the risk of neonatal and infant deaths in four sub-Saharan African countries: a quasi-experimental design with propensity score Kernel matching and difference in differences analysis." BMJ Open 10, no. 5 (May 2020): e033356. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2019-033356.

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ObjectiveDespite the huge financial investment in the free maternal healthcare policy (FMHCP) by the Governments of Ghana and Burkina Faso, no study has quantified the impact of FMHCP on the relative reduction in neonatal and infant mortality rates using a more rigorous matching procedure with the difference in differences (DID) analysis. This study used several rounds of publicly available population-based complex survey data to determine the impact of FMHCP on neonatal and infant mortality rates in these two countries.DesignA quasi-experimental study to evaluate the FMHCP implemented in Burkina Faso and Ghana between 2007 and 2014.SettingDemographic and health surveys and maternal health surveys conducted between 2000 and 2014 in Ghana, Burkina Faso, Nigeria and Zambia.ParticipantsChildren born 5 years preceding the survey in Ghana, Burkina Faso, Nigeria and Zambia.Primary outcome measuresNeonatal and infant mortality rates.ResultsThe Propensity Score Kernel Matching coupled with DID analysis with modified Poisson showed that the FMHCP was associated with a 45% reduction in the risk of neonatal mortality rate in Ghana and Burkina Faso compared with Nigeria and Zambia (adjusted relative risk (aRR)=0.55, 95% CI: 0.40 to 0.76, p<0.001). In addition, infant mortality rate has reduced significantly in both Ghana and Burkina Faso by approximately 54% after full implementation of FMHCP compared with Nigeria and Zambia (aRR=0.46, 95% CI: 0.36 to 0.59, p<0.001).ConclusionThe FMHCP had a significant impact and still remains relevant in achieving Sustainable Development Goal 3 and could provide lessons for other sub-Saharan countries in the design and implementation of a similar policy.

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Zamané, Hyacinthe, Hyacinthe Euvrard Sow, Dantola Paul Kain, Brice Wilfried Bicaba, Sibraogo Kiemtoré, Issaka Yameogo, Blandine Bonané-Thieba, and Mamadou Sawadogo. "Maternal Mortality at the Dori Regional Hospital in Northern Burkina Faso, 2014-2016." International Journal of MCH and AIDS (IJMA) 7, no. 2 (January 7, 2019): 235–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.21106/ijma.263.

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Background: Maternal mortality is of considerable magnitude. It is particularly relevant to developing countries, including those in Sub-Saharan Africa. The aim of this work was to study the cases of maternal deaths in the Dori Regional Hospital, Burkina Faso in the Sahel region, by analyzing the epidemiological aspects of these deaths in order to guide decision-making. Methods: This was a descriptive cross-sectional study which spanned the period from January 1, 2014 to December 31, 2016. Cases of maternal death and live births that occurred in the hospital during this period were collected by documentary review. Results: A total of 141 maternal deaths and 2,626 live births were recorded with a maternal mortality ratio of 5,369 for 100,000 live births. In 99 (72.20%) cases, death occurred in the postpartum. A home delivery had been reported in 33.70% of cases. Direct obstetric causes were found in 72.10% of cases. They were mainly represented by infections (32.40%) and hemorrhages (23%). Anemia was the indirect cause of death in 25 women (17.80%). The delay in health care access and the lack of blood products contributed to maternal deaths in 64.50% and 26.20% of cases. Conclusion and Global Health Implications: An intensification of awareness-raising messages about the importance of the rapid use of health care is necessary. Also, systematic audits of maternal deaths in the care environment and in the community would make it possible to clarify the determinants of maternal mortality in the Sahel region and to provide adequate solutions. Key words: Maternal Death • Maternal Mortality • Women’s Health • Burkin Faso • Dori Hospital • Sahel Region

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Ermel Ameswué. Kpogbé. Johnson, Virgil Lokossou, Moukaïla Amadou, Aristide Romaric Bado, Gauthier Tougri, Jesse Chigozie Uneke, and Issiaka Sombié. "Stakeholders’ individual and organizational capacity to acquire, assess, adapt and apply evidence for maternal, neonatal and child health in policymaking in Burkina Faso." World Journal of Advanced Research and Reviews 10, no. 1 (April 30, 2021): 191–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.30574/wjarr.2021.10.1.0152.

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Introduction: In Burkina Faso, the systematic use of research evidence in maternal, newborn and child health (MNCH) decision-making is not yet institutionalized despite previous initiatives to promote the evidence to policy link. This study aimed to assess individual and organizational capacities of MNCH stakeholders for evidence-to-policy link in Burkina Faso. Methods: The design was a cross-sectional study conducted during a national MNCH stakeholders’ engagement event organised in Ouagadougou in November 2015 by Burkina Faso Ministry of Health. A self-assessment survey using structured pre-tested questionnaire was administered to assess participants’ individual and organisational capacities to acquire, appraise, adapt and apply evidence in decision-making. Results: The mean rating (MNR) for individual knowledge about initiating/conducting research and ability to access and use existing research evidence ranged from 2.76-2.96 on the scale of 5. The MNR of the capacity to assess the authenticity, validity, reliability, quality and applicability of research evidence ranged from 2.72 to 3.08. Respondents rated their organizational level of research incentives including availability of research grants, in-service research training, and provision of research facilities very low (MNR=1.60). The MNR of organizational capacity to initiate research, source for research evidence, assess the validity and applicability of research evidence, and incentives to encourage the application of research evidence ranged from 2.16 to 2.76. Conclusion: The outcome of this study demonstrates the urgent need for capacity enhancement at individual level for MNCH stakeholders in Burkina Faso and the creation of enabling environment for promotion of evidence use at organizational level, through research incentives.

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Perkins, Janet, Cecilia Capello, Aminata Bargo Maiga, Yanogo Matié, Amélie Eggertswyler, and Carlo Santarelli. "The Role of Men in Improving Maternal and Newborn Health in Burkina Faso." International Journal of Person Centered Medicine 6, no. 3 (October 26, 2016): 180–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.5750/ijpcm.v6i3.595.

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Background. As critical household and community gatekeepers in Burkina Faso, men play an important role in ensuring the care of women and newborns during the perinatal period. Enfants du Monde, Fondation pour le Développement Communautaire/Burkina Faso, the World Health Organisation and the United Nations Population Fund (UNFPA) are supporting the national Ministry of Health to implement the health promotion pillar of the maternal and new born health (MNH) strategy.Objectives. Working with men to help them become active participants in MNH is one of the axes of these efforts. Methods. Interventions aiming at influencing the role of men in MNH have been implemented since 2010. Foremost among these is the implementation of a strategy entitled Pougsid Songo, or “Model Husbands”. Within this strategy, designed by health workers and community members, men who are exhibiting positive behaviours in supporting women are selected by local leaders and trained to educate other men in the community on care for women and newborns, on birth preparedness and complication readiness, on danger signs and postnatal family planning (FP) and on the need to accompany women to health services. Results. Preliminary results suggest that in particular due to the “Model Husbands” strategy, men are participating more actively in MNH. Notably, men are starting to accompany women to health facilities for antenatal care regularly and they are more aware of care practices for women during and after pregnancy and for newborns. In addition, utilization of MNH and FP services is increasing. Conclusions. These results suggest that interventions are successfully influencing men’s roles in MNH which is contributing to improved care of women and newborns within the household and increased utilization of MNH services.

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Meda, Nicolas, Malik Coulibaly, Yacouba Nebie, Ibrahima Diallo, Yves Traore, and Laurent T. Ouedraogo. "Magnitude of Maternal Anaemia in Rural Burkina Faso: Contribution of Nutritional Factors and Infectious Diseases." Advances in Public Health 2016 (2016): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/9364046.

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Background. Maternal anaemia is a worldwide public health problem affecting particularly developing countries. In Burkina Faso, little data is available for rural areas. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of maternal anaemia and the risk factors associated with it in the rural health district of Hounde in Burkina Faso but also to define better control measures of maternal anaemia.Methods. This cross-sectional study conducted in 2010 had a sample of 3,140 pregnant women attending antenatal care in all the 18 primary health care facilities of the district. The women’s characteristics and their knowledge about contraceptives and sexually transmitted infections (STI) were collected. Also, physical and gynaecological examination, completed by vaginal, cervix, blood, and stool samplings, were collected.Results. A prevalence of 63.1% was recorded for maternal anaemia. Geophagy rate was 16.3% and vitamin A deficiency 69.3%. In addition, anaemia was independently associated with low education, low brachial perimeter, geophagy, and primigravida. But no statically significant relationship was found between maternal anaemia and infectious diseases or vitamin A deficiency.Conclusion. The magnitude of maternal anaemia was found to be higher in rural Hounde health district and should be addressed by adequate policy including education and the fight against malnutrition.

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WOLLAST, ELISABETH, FRANÇOISE RENARD, PAUL VANDENBUSSCHE, and PIERRE BUEKENS. "Detecting maternal morbidity and mortality by traditional birth attendants in Burkina Faso." Health Policy and Planning 8, no. 2 (1993): 161–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/heapol/8.2.161.

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Steenland, Maria, Paul Jacob Robyn, Philippe Compaore, Moussa Kabore, Boukary Tapsoba, Aloys Zongo, Ousmane Diadie Haidara, and Günther Fink. "Performance-based financing to increase utilization of maternal health services: Evidence from Burkina Faso." SSM - Population Health 3 (December 2017): 179–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ssmph.2017.01.001.

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Ouédraogo, Césaire, Sunny Kim, Rock Zagre, Rasmané Ganaba, Maurice Zafimanjaka, Ramatou Sawadogo, Roland Combassere, and Purnima Menon. "Missed Opportunities for Maternal Nutrition Interventions During Antenatal Care Visits Persist in Burkina Faso." Current Developments in Nutrition 4, Supplement_2 (May 29, 2020): 1055. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cdn/nzaa054_127.

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Abstract Objectives High coverage of any antenatal care (ANC) and near-universal coverage of iron-folic acid (IFA) supplementation is reported by nationally representative surveys in Burkina Faso. We examined the coverage of maternal nutrition interventions during ANC to assess gaps and missed opportunities in achieving global and national recommendations. Methods We used household survey data among 1920 mothers with children <6 months of age in 2 regions in Burkina Faso, collected in November-December 2019. Descriptive statistics were used to examine exposure to nutrition interventions during antenatal care throughout pregnancy and equity analyses were conducted to assess differences in exposure by maternal age (adolescents 15–19 y of age and older mothers) and education (none vs. any schooling). Results All mothers reported having attended at least one ANC visit at a health facility (mostly government health centers) during last pregnancy, but only 66.6% reported attending at least 4 visits. All consumed IFA tablets, but reported consuming 109 tablets on average during pregnancy, which was short of the recommended 180 tablets over 6 months. Only 42.7% reported receiving any nutrition counseling during ANC, with the most common messages reported on consuming one IFA tablet daily (93.4%) and eating a variety of foods (68.8%). While nearly all mothers were weighed during ANC, very few reported receiving information about weight gain. Among mothers, 14% were adolescents below 20 y, and 66.1% never attended school. For all indicators related to exposure to ANC or maternal nutrition intervention, we observed no differences by maternal age, education or other subgroups such as religion, parity or household composition. Conclusions The government health system in Burkina Faso with its widespread and uniform reach provides an opportunity for improving the low coverage of maternal nutrition interventions during ANC. Doing so will require efforts both to improve the coverage of 4 or more ANC visits and the effective integration of nutrition interventions into ANC. Funding Sources Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, through Alive & Thrive, managed by FHI 360; and CGIAR Research Program on Agriculture for Nutrition and Health (A4NH), led by the International Food Policy Research Institute.

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Storeng, Katerini T., Seydou Drabo, and Véronique Filippi. "Too poor to live? A case study of vulnerability and maternal mortality in Burkina Faso." Global Health Promotion 20, no. 1_suppl (March 2013): 33–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1757975912462420.

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This paper examines the concept of vulnerability in the context of maternal morbidity and mortality in Burkina Faso, an impoverished country in West Africa. Drawing on a longitudinal cohort study into the consequences of life-threatening or ‘near miss’ obstetric complications, we provide an in-depth case study of one woman’s experience of such morbidity and its aftermath. We follow Kalizeta’s trajectory from her near miss and the stillbirth of her child to her death from pregnancy-related hypertension after a subsequent delivery less than two years later, in order to examine the impact of severe and persistent illness and catastrophic health expenditure on her health and on her family’s everyday life. Kalizeta’s case illustrates how vulnerability in health emerges and is maintained or exacerbated over time. Even where social arrangements are supportive, structural impediments, including unaffordable and inadequate healthcare, can severely limit individual resilience to mitigate the negative social and economic consequences of ill health.

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Twungubumwe, Thècle, Mylène Tantchou Dipankui, Landry Traoré, Johanne Ouédraogo, Seydou Barro, Josette Castel, Isabelle Savard, et al. "Health professionals and patients’ perspectives on person-centred maternal and child healthcare in Burkina Faso." PLOS ONE 15, no. 4 (April 1, 2020): e0230340. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0230340.

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Sombie, I., N. Meda, S. Hounton, M. Bambara, T. W. Ouedraogo, and W. Grahamdphil. "Missing maternal deaths: lessons from Souro Sanou University Hospital in Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso." Tropical Doctor 37, no. 2 (April 1, 2007): 96–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1258/004947507780609239.

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Druetz, Thomas, Lalique Browne, Frank Bicaba, Matthew Ian Mitchell, and Abel Bicaba. "Effects of terrorist attacks on access to maternal healthcare services: a national longitudinal study in Burkina Faso." BMJ Global Health 5, no. 9 (September 2020): e002879. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjgh-2020-002879.

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IntroductionMost of the literature on terrorist attacks’ health impacts has focused on direct victims rather than on distal consequences in the overall population. There is limited knowledge on how terrorist attacks can be detrimental to access to healthcare services. The objective of this study is to assess the impact of terrorist attacks on the utilisation of maternal healthcare services by examining the case of Burkina Faso.MethodsThis longitudinal quasi-experimental study uses multiple interrupted time series analysis. Utilisation of healthcare services data was extracted from the National Health Information System in Burkina Faso. Data span the period of January 2013–December 2018 and include all public primary healthcare centres and district hospitals. Terrorist attack data were extracted from the Armed Conflict Location and Event Data project. Negative binomial regression models were fitted with fixed effects to isolate the immediate and long-term effects of terrorist attacks on three outcomes (antenatal care visits, of facility deliveries and of cesarean sections).ResultsDuring the next month of an attack, the incidence of assisted deliveries in healthcare facilities is significantly reduced by 3.8% (95% CI 1.3 to 6.3). Multiple attacks have immediate effects more pronounced than single attacks. Longitudinal analysis show that the incremental number of terrorist attacks is associated with a decrease of the three outcomes. For every additional attack in a commune, the incidence of cesarean sections is reduced by 7.7% (95% CI 4.7 to 10.7) while, for assisted deliveries, it is reduced by 2.5% (95% CI 1.9 to 3.1) and, for antenatal care visits, by 1.8% (95% CI 1.2 to 2.5).ConclusionTerrorist attacks constitute a new barrier to access of maternal healthcare in Burkina Faso. The exponential increase in terrorist activities in West Africa is expected to have negative effects on maternal health in the entire region.

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Arnaert, Antonia LDC, Norma Ponzoni, Zoumanan Debe, Mouoboum Marc Meda, Noufou Gustave Nana, and Stijn Arnaert. "Experiences of midwives and community health workers using mHealth to improve services to pregnant women in rural Burkina Faso, Africa." Journal of Nursing Education and Practice 10, no. 3 (November 25, 2019): 57. http://dx.doi.org/10.5430/jnep.v10n3p57.

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Objective: This qualitative, descriptive study explored the experiences of midwives and community health workers (CHWs) using mhealth to improve the care provided to pregnant women living in the rural Diapangou region of Burkina Faso, Africa.Methods: Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 4 CHWs and 4 community health center staff. Transcripts were content analyzed.Results: Despite internet connectivity challenges all participants agreed that mhealth allowed them to provide better maternal care. The service enhanced their practice collectively, through facilitating better follow-up care, promoting communication and collaboration, and facilitated management while simplifying administrative tasks. From a managerial perspective, having access to productivity information allowed for effective oversight and supervision of work-related activities. CHWs perceived additional work responsibilities and an opportunity for growth; however, both CHWs and staff recognized that the exposure to technology allowed them to achieve mastery of basic computer skills.Conclusions: The ‘digital divide’ remains a challenge in low resource settings, thus while findings are promising, Burkina Faso will have to wait to reap the full benefits of digital technology until a supportive infrastructure can be put in place.

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Assefa, Nega, Ali Sié, Dongqing Wang, Michelle L. Korte, Elena C. Hemler, Yasir Y. Abdullahi, Bruno Lankoande, et al. "Reported Barriers to Healthcare Access and Service Disruptions Caused by COVID-19 in Burkina Faso, Ethiopia, and Nigeria: A Telephone Survey." American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 105, no. 2 (August 11, 2021): 323–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.4269/ajtmh.20-1619.

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ABSTRACT. The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic may have short-term and long-term impacts on health services across sub-Saharan African countries. A telephone survey in Burkina Faso, Ethiopia, and Nigeria was conducted to assess the effects of the pandemic on healthcare services from the perspectives of healthcare providers (HCPs) and community members. A total of 900 HCPs (300 from each country) and 1,797 adult community members (approximately 600 from each country) participated in the study. Adjusted risk ratios (ARRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were computed using modified Poisson regression. According to the HCPs, more than half (56%) of essential health services were affected. Child health services and HIV/surgical/other services had a slightly higher percentage of interruption (33%) compared with maternal health services (31%). A total of 21.8%, 19.3%, and 7.7% of the community members reported that their family members and themselves had difficulty accessing childcare services, maternal health, and other health services, respectively. Nurses had a lower risk of reporting high service interruptions than physicians (ARR, 0.85; 95% CI, 0.56–0.95). HCPs at private facilities (ARR, 0.71; 95% CI, 0.59–0.84) had a lower risk of reporting high service interruptions than those at governmental facilities. Health services in Nigeria were more likely to be interrupted than those in Burkina Faso (ARR, 1.38; 95% CI, 1.19–1.59). Health authorities should work with multiple stakeholders to ensure routine health services and identify novel and adaptive approaches to recover referral services, medical care, maternal and child health, family planning, immunization and health promotion, and prevention during the COVID-19 era.

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Drabo, Seydou. "Beyond ‘Family Planning’—Local Realities on Contraception and Abortion in Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso." Social Sciences 9, no. 11 (November 19, 2020): 212. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/socsci9110212.

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Family planning has long been promoted within international health efforts because of its potential benefits for controlling population growth, reducing poverty and maternal and child mortality, empowering women, and enhancing environmental sustainability. In Burkina Faso, the government and donor partners share a commitment to ‘family planning’, notably by increasing the low uptake of ‘modern’ contraceptive methods in the general population and reducing recourse to induced abortion, which remains legally restricted. This paper presents ethnographic findings that show the complexity of family planning within the social context of women’s lives and care-seeking trajectories. It draws on participant observation in Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso’s capital, and interviews with women with a wide range of reproductive experiences and providers of family planning services. First, the paper shows that women’s use of contraceptive methods and abortion is embedded in the wider social dilemmas relating to marriage, sexuality, and gendered relationships. Second, it shows that women use contraceptives to meet a variety of needs other than those promoted in public health policies. Thus, while women’s use of contraceptive methods is often equated with family planning within public health research and health policy discourse, the uses women make of them imbue them with other meanings related to social, spiritual, or aesthetic goals.

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Hounton, Sennen, Peter Byass, and Bassane Brahima. "Towards reduction of maternal and perinatal mortality in rural Burkina Faso: communities are not empty vessels." Global Health Action 2, no. 1 (May 7, 2009): 1947. http://dx.doi.org/10.3402/gha.v2i0.1947.

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Arcens Somé, Marie Thérèse. "Le défi de l’adoption de l’allaitement maternel exclusif au Burkina Faso." Santé Publique HS1, S1 (2020): 113. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/spub.200.0113.

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Zizien, Zawora Rita, Catherine Korachais, Philippe Compaoré, Valéry Ridde, and Vincent De Brouwere. "Contribution of the results‐based financing strategy to improving maternal and child health indicators in Burkina Faso." International Journal of Health Planning and Management 34, no. 1 (August 16, 2018): 111–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/hpm.2589.

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Djigma, Florencia, Charlemagne Ouedraogo, Tani Sagna, Djeneba Ouermi, Korotini Sanogo, Cyrille Bisseye, Abdoulaye Kabre, et al. "HIV-infected women of Burkina Faso: a “reservoir” of mycoplasma infection." Journal of Infection in Developing Countries 5, no. 03 (March 21, 2011): 176–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.3855/jidc.950.

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Introduction: The objective of this work was to assess the prevalence of bacterial vaginosis (BV) and genital mycoplasma colonization in 251 HIV-positive compared to 200 HIV-negative women at the Maternal and Child Health (MCH) service of Saint Camille Medical Center Ouagadougou (Burkina Faso). Methodology: After revealing the cervix with a speculum, we collected swabs of vaginal discharge for the detection of pathogenic bacteria. Results: Among HIV-positive and HIV-negative women, we identified respectively: Mycoplasma hominis (16.7% versus 5.5%); Ureaplasma urealyticum (16.3% versus 0.0%); co-infection M. hominis with U. urealyticum (13.14% versus 0.0%); Candida albicans (21.11% versus 41.5%); E. coli (9.96% versus 4.0%); and the presence of abundant vaginal discharge (27.5% versus 5.0%) respectively. The Nugent's score, utilized for the diagnosis of BV, was significantly higher in HIV-positive women (p < 0.001) associated with poor vaginal hygiene practices (p < 0.01) and no use of condoms (p < 0.01). Enterobacter, Klebsiella pneumonia, Klebsiella oxitocica, Staphylococcus epidermidis and Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus agalactiae, Trichomonas vaginalis, and Gardnerella vaginalis were also isolated, but in a low prevalence ranging from 0% to 5%. Conclusion: These results demonstrate that the HIV-positive women of Burkina Faso are frequently affected by BV and represent a reservoir for mycoplasma infection. Since these germs can lead to sterility and premature delivery, it is important to develop a policy of screening.

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Maclure, Richard. "Primary Health Care and Donor Dependency: A Case Study of Nongovernment Assistance in Burkina Faso." International Journal of Health Services 25, no. 3 (July 1995): 539–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/x4e7-p8ln-3nhr-b6gf.

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Primary health care assistance has become prominent in the rural development programs of many nongovernment organizations throughout sub-Saharan Africa. By emphasizing education and the promotion of new participatory health systems, most such programs aim to enhance the conditions of women as principal community care givers. Yet village-level health assistance in Africa is not without shortcomings. This is exemplified in a case study of two nongovernment programs in Burkina Faso's Namentenga Province. Although both programs have contributed to maternal health and infant survival, they have also induced new ties of donor dependency. This appears to present a conundrum for the sponsoring agencies which espouse self-reliance as a development assistance goal. In fact, however, where the intervention of nongovernment organizations helps to improve rural health, new dimensions of dependency may prove to be a positive first stage in the mobilization of women and the development of locally managed health systems. For this to be so, much is contingent on the capacity of these organizations to integrate local participation in their own planning and management processes, and to augment the professional status of indigenous health workers.

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Zango, Serge Henri, Moussa Lingani, Innocent Valea, Ouindpanga Sékou Samadoulougou, Biebo Bihoun, Toussaint Rouamba, Karim Derra, et al. "Malaria and curable sexually transmitted infections in pregnant women: A two-years observational study in rural Burkina Faso." PLOS ONE 15, no. 11 (November 16, 2020): e0242368. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0242368.

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Background Malaria and curable sexually transmitted infections (STI) are the most common curable infections known to have a severe impact on pregnancy outcomes in sub-Saharan Africa. This study aims to assess the marginal and joint prevalence of symptomatic cases of malaria and STI in pregnant women living in rural settings of Burkina Faso and their associated factors, after more than a decade of the introduction of intermittent preventive treatment (IPT-SP). Methods We carried out an observational study in two health districts in rural Burkina, namely Nanoro and Yako. Routine data were collected during antenatal and delivery visits for all women who delivered in the year 2016 and 2017. Logistic regression models were used to assess factors associated with infections. Results We collected data from 31639 pregnant women attending health facilities. Malaria, curable STI and their coinfections were diagnosed in 7747 (24.5%; 95%CI: 24.0–25.0%), 1269 (4.0%; 95%CI: 3.8–4.2%) and 388 (1.2%; 95%CI: 1.1–1.4%) women, respectively. In multivariate logistic regression, malaria occurrence was significantly higher in pregnant women < 20 years (Adjusted OR = 2.36; 95% CI: 2.07–2.69) than in women ≥30 years. The prevalence of curable STI was also significantly higher in students (Adjusted OR = 1.93; 95% CI: 1.26–2.95) and compensated workers (Adjusted OR = 1.52; 95% CI: 1.01–2.17) than in uncompensated workers. Women who received no IPT-SP had higher prevalence of malaria (Adjusted OR = 3.33; 95%CI: 3.00–3.70), curable STI (Adjusted OR = 1.96 95%CI: 1.60–2.39) and coinfections (Adjusted OR = 2.11; 95% CI: 1.50–2.95) compared to women who received SP. Conclusion Malaria and curable STI remain highly prevalent in rural settings of Burkina Faso, with young pregnant women and women who received no IPT-SP being the most affected. Prevention must be reinforced to improve maternal and infant health.

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Isler, Jasmin, N. Hélène Sawadogo, Guy Harling, Till Bärnighausen, Maya Adam, Ali Sié, and Shannon A. McMahon. "‘If he sees it with his own eyes, he will understand’: how gender informed the content and delivery of a maternal nutrition intervention in Burkina Faso." Health Policy and Planning 35, no. 5 (February 27, 2020): 536–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/heapol/czaa012.

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Abstract A growing body of literature urges policymakers, practitioners and scientists to consider gender in the design and evaluation of health interventions. We report findings from formative research to develop and refine an mHealth maternal nutrition intervention in Nouna, Burkina Faso, one of the world’s most resource-poor settings. Gender was not an initial research focus, but emerged as highly salient during data collection, and thus guided lines of inquiry as the study progressed. We collected data in two stages, first using focus group discussions (FGD; n = 8) and later using FGDs (n = 2), interviews (n = 30) and observations of intervention delivery (n = 30). Respondents included pregnant women, breastfeeding mothers and Close-to-Community (CTC) providers, who execute preventative and curative tasks at the community level. We applied Morgan et al.’s gender framework to examine intervention content (what a gender-sensitive nutrition programme should entail) and delivery (how a gender-sensitive programme should be administered). Mothers emphasized that although they are often the focus of nutrition interventions, they are not empowered to make nutrition-based decisions that incur costs. They do, however, wield some control over nutrition-related tasks such as farming and cooking. Mothers described how difficult it is to consider only one’s own children during meal preparation (which is communal), and all respondents described how nutrition-related requests can spark marital strife. Many respondents agreed that involving men in nutrition interventions is vital, despite men’s perceived disinterest. CTC providers and others described how social norms and gender roles underpin perceptions of CTC providers and dictate with whom they can speak within homes. Mothers often prefer female CTC providers, but these health workers require spousal permission to work and need to balance professional and domestic demands. We recommend involving male partners in maternal nutrition interventions and engaging and supporting a broader cadre of female CTC providers in Burkina Faso.

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Nguyen, Hoa Thi, Aleksandra Torbica, Stephan Brenner, Joël Arthur Kiendrébéogo, Ludovic Tapsoba, Valéry Ridde, and Manuela De Allegri. "Economic Evaluation of User-Fee Exemption Policies for Maternal Healthcare in Burkina Faso: Evidence From a Cost-Effectiveness Analysis." Value in Health 23, no. 3 (March 2020): 300–308. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jval.2019.10.007.

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Belaid, Loubna, and Valéry Ridde. "Contextual factors as a key to understanding the heterogeneity of effects of a maternal health policy in Burkina Faso?" Health Policy and Planning 30, no. 3 (March 14, 2014): 309–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/heapol/czu012.

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Millogo, Ourohiré, Jean Edouard Odilon Doamba, Ali Sié, Jürg Utzinger, and Penelope Vounatsou. "Geographical variation in the association of child, maternal and household health interventions with under-five mortality in Burkina Faso." PLOS ONE 14, no. 7 (July 1, 2019): e0218163. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0218163.

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Adeyemi, Rasheed A., Temesgen Zewotir, and Shaun Ramroop. "Joint spatial mapping of childhood anemia and malnutrition in sub-Saharan Africa: a cross-sectional study of small-scale geographical disparities." African Health Sciences 19, no. 3 (November 7, 2019): 2692–712. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/ahs.v19i3.45.

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Background: In epidemiological studies, several diseases share common risk factors or co-exist in their spatial prevalence. Disease mapping allows the health practitioners and epidemiologists to hypothesize the disease aetiology and gain better understanding of the geographical prevalence of the disease risks.Objective: This paper investigates the differences in small scale geographical variations and the underlying risk factors of child’s health outcomes (anemia, stunting and wasting) in Sub-Saharan Africa using spatial epidemiology. Method: The study first carried out an independent univariate analysis on each malnutrition indicator to identify underlying risk factors. A multivariate conditional autoregressive prior was explored to jointly model the spatial correlation between the undernutrition indicators and the small area-geographical disparities at sub-national levels in two sub-Saharan African countries.Results: The approach was implemented on data from National cross-sectional household- based demographic and health surveys conducted in 17,307 under-five children in Burkina Faso and Mozambique in 2010-2012. Out of these children, 31.8% are found to be stunted, 15.5% wasted and 30.9% had anemia among Burkina Faso children, while 42.5% of Mozambican children were stunted, 5.9% wasted and 30.9% suffered from iron-deficiency anemia. The multivariate analysis revealed that the spatial prevalence existed across regions in Burkina Faso with geographical variations in stunting estimated as: 0.7549, CI (0.4693, 1.264); wasting 0.9197; (95%CI : 0.535, 1.591)and anemia : 0.734; (0.4606, 1.214). In additin, the spatial correlation between stunting and wasting was negatively correlated: -0.998; 95% CI (-1.000, -0.984), and a perfect negative correlation;(-1) between stunting and anemia, and positive for wasting and anemia: 0.997; (0.978, 1.000). The spatial occurrence across provinces in Mozambique indicated that there was strong positive correlation between stunting and wasting; 0.986; (0.899, 1.000) and a significant negative correlation between stunting and anemia: -0.720, (-0.934, -0.308) and wasting and anemia: -0.640; (-0.903 -0.174) with individual geographical variability in child stunting: 1427, (913.6, 2268); wasting:1751, (1117, 2803) and anemia: 556, (279.5, 978.9). These extra random effect parameters computed in our multivariate approach would outperform a univariate analysis in similar studies. Our model further detected high prevalent of malnutrition and anemia in the northern Burkina Faso, but high anemia prevalent found in central Mozambique, and high stunting and wasting identified Southern Mozambique. In addition, the risk factors of malnutrition and iron deficiency anemia included household poverty, morbidity, short birth interval (less 18 months), breast feeding, antenatal attendance and maternal literacy.Conclusion: The statistical relevance of the identified risk factors in this study is useful to target specific individual interventions and the maps of the geographical inequalities in sub-national region can be used for designing nutrition interventions and allocation of scarce health resources.Keywords: Joint spatial mapping, childhood anemia, malnutrition, sub-Saharan Africa.

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De Allegri, Manuela, Valéry Ridde, Valérie R. Louis, Malabika Sarker, Justin Tiendrebéogo, Maurice Yé, Olaf Müller, and Albrecht Jahn. "Determinants of utilisation of maternal care services after the reduction of user fees: A case study from rural Burkina Faso." Health Policy 99, no. 3 (March 2011): 210–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.healthpol.2010.10.010.

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Hounton, Sennen H., Issiaka Sombie, John Townend, Thomas Ouedraogo, Nicolas Meda, and Wendy J. Graham. "The tip of the iceberg: Evidence of seasonality in institutional maternal mortality and implications for health resources management in Burkina Faso." Scandinavian Journal of Public Health 36, no. 3 (May 2008): 310–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1403494807085361.

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Yugbaré Belemsaga, Danielle, Aristide Bado, Anne Goujon, Els Duysburgh, Olivier Degomme, Seni Kouanda, and Marleen Temmerman. "A cross-sectional mixed study of the opportunity to improve maternal postpartum care in reproductive, maternal, newborn, and child health services in the Kaya health district of Burkina Faso." International Journal of Gynecology & Obstetrics 135, S1 (November 2016): S20—S26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijgo.2016.08.005.

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Sorgho, Raissa, Isabel Mank, Moubassira Kagoné, Aurélia Souares, Ina Danquah, and Rainer Sauerborn. "“We Will Always Ask Ourselves the Question of How to Feed the Family”: Subsistence Farmers’ Perceptions on Adaptation to Climate Change in Burkina Faso." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 19 (October 1, 2020): 7200. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17197200.

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In West Africa, climate change aggravates subsistence farmers’ vulnerability to weather variability to sustain their agricultural and nutritional requirements. For successful adaptation policies, in-depth understanding of farmers’ perceptions about climate change, agriculture, and adaptation strategies is essential. This qualitative study in rural Burkina Faso characterized farmers’ perceptions and knowledge through in-depth interviews. The study enumerated the barriers, possibilities, strategies/practices, and support sources of farmers. There was awareness but limited understanding of climate change amongst farmers. Those unable to adapt, faced increased health difficulties, specifically regarding nutrition and mental health. Farmers could implement some dietary and agricultural adaptation strategies (reduce meal size, frequency and variety, preemptive purchase of cereals, multi-cropping, crop rotation, modified seeds) but were unable to implement others (soil rehabilitation, water management). Barriers to implementation comprised financial and time constraints, material and labor shortages, and inaccessible information. Farmers did not understand, trust or utilize meteorological services, but appreciated and relied on agricultural extension services. They reported that social and governmental support was sporadic and inconsistent. This study uncovers the following targets for climate change adaptation policies in rural Burkina Faso: promoting meteorological services, expanding agricultural extension services, increasing access to financial resources, and framing sustainable adaptation within national development goals.

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Kaboré, Wendpoulomdé, René Dembélé, Touwendsida Bagré, Ali Konaté, Sylvie Boisramé, Valérie Chevalier, Tarcissus Konsem, Alfred Traoré, and Nicolas Barro. "Characterization and Antimicrobial Susceptibility of Lactococcus lactis Isolated from Endodontic Infections in Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso." Dentistry Journal 6, no. 4 (December 10, 2018): 69. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/dj6040069.

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Background: This study aimed to characterize and test the antimicrobial susceptibility of Lactococcus lactis isolated in endodontic infections in Burkina Faso. Material and methods: This was a prospective study conducted at the Municipal Oral Health Center of Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso, from June to October 2014. Clinical data were collected using a questionnaire form. The method of streaking on selective medium was used to isolate bacteria. Identification was made using the API 20 Strep gallery. Antibiotic susceptibility was performed by the diffusion method on solid medium. Results: One hundred and twenty-five (125) patients were received with a significant proportion from the age group of 19 to 40 years (55.2%). Apical periodontitis accounted for 50.4% and cellulitis for 49.6% of cases. Lactococcus lactis ssp. lactis was identified in five exudate samples. Isolates were 100% resistant to cefixime and metronidazole, 80% to ceftriaxone, cefuroxime, cefotaxime, chloramphenicol and 60% to penicillin G, amoxicillin, amoxicillin clavulanic acid. A multidrug resistance of more than three families of antibiotics was noticed. No strains produced extended spectrum ß-lactamases. Conclusion: Lactococcus lactis is part of endodontic biofilm. The reported strong antibiotic resistance involving endodontic therapy will focus on the effect of the disinfectant solution and the mechanical action of the canal instruments.

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Zakane, S. Alphonse, Lars L. Gustafsson, Göran Tomson, Svetla Loukanova, Ali Sié, Josefine Nasiell, and Pia Bastholm-Rahmner. "Guidelines for maternal and neonatal “point of care”: Needs of and attitudes towards a computerized clinical decision support system in rural Burkina Faso." International Journal of Medical Informatics 83, no. 6 (June 2014): 459–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijmedinf.2014.01.013.

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D’Ambruoso, Lucia, Peter Byass, Siti Nurul Qomariyah, and Moctar Ouédraogo. "A lost cause? Extending verbal autopsy to investigate biomedical and socio-cultural causes of maternal death in Burkina Faso and Indonesia." Social Science & Medicine 71, no. 10 (November 2010): 1728–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2010.05.023.

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Vanslambrouck, Katrien, Brenda de Kok, Laeticia Celine Toe, Nathalie De Cock, Moctar Ouedraogo, Trenton Dailey-Chwalibóg, Giles Hanley-Cook, et al. "Effect of balanced energy-protein supplementation during pregnancy and lactation on birth outcomes and infant growth in rural Burkina Faso: study protocol for a randomised controlled trial." BMJ Open 11, no. 3 (March 2021): e038393. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2020-038393.

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IntroductionAdequate nutrition during pregnancy is crucial to both mother and child. Maternal malnutrition can be the cause of stillbirth or lead to poor birth outcomes such as preterm delivery and small-for-gestational-age newborns. There is a probable positive effect of providing pregnant women a balanced energy-protein (BEP) food supplement, but more evidence is needed. The MIcronutriments pour la SAnté de la Mère et de l’Enfant (MISAME) III project aims to improve birth outcomes and infant growth by testing a BEP supplement during pregnancy and lactation in rural Burkina Faso. This paper describes the study protocol.Methods and analysisMISAME-III is a four-arm individually randomised efficacy trial implemented in six rural health centre catchments areas in the district of Houndé. Eligible pregnant women, aged between 15 and 40 years old and living in the study areas, will be enrolled. Women will be randomly assigned to one of the four study groups: (1) prenatal intervention only, (2) postnatal intervention only, (3) prenatal and postnatal intervention or (4) no prenatal or postnatal intervention. The intervention group will receive the BEP supplement and iron/folic acid (IFA) tablets, while the control group will only receive the IFA tablets following the national health protocol. Consumption will be supervised by trained village women on a daily basis by means of home visits. The primary outcomes are small-for-gestational age at birth and length-for-age z-score at 6 months of age. Secondary outcomes will be measured at birth and during the first 6 months of the infants’ life. Women will be enrolled from October 2019 until the total sample size is reached.Ethics and disseminationMISAME-III has been reviewed and approved by the University Hospital of Ghent and the ethics committee of Centre Muraz, Burkina Faso. Informed consent will be obtained. Results will be published in relevant journals and shared with other researchers and public health institutions.Trial registration numberNCT03533712.

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Farnham, Andrea, Hermínio Cossa, Dominik Dietler, Rebecca Engebretsen, Andrea Leuenberger, Isaac Lyatuu, Belinda Nimako, Hyacinthe R. Zabre, Fritz Brugger, and Mirko S. Winkler. "Investigating Health Impacts of Natural Resource Extraction Projects in Burkina Faso, Ghana, Mozambique, and Tanzania: Protocol for a Mixed Methods Study." JMIR Research Protocols 9, no. 4 (April 8, 2020): e17138. http://dx.doi.org/10.2196/17138.

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Background Natural resource extraction projects offer both opportunities and risks for sustainable development and health in host communities. Often, however, the health of the community suffers. Health impact assessment (HIA) can mitigate the risks and promote the benefits of development but is not routinely done in the developing regions that could benefit the most. Objective Our study aims to investigate health and health determinants in regions affected by extractive industries in Burkina Faso, Ghana, Mozambique, and Tanzania. The evidence generated in our study will inform a policy dialogue on how HIA can be promoted as a regulatory approach as part of the larger research initiative called the HIA4SD (Health impact assessment for sustainable development) project. Methods The study is a concurrent triangulation, mixed methods, multi-stage, multi-focus project that specifically addresses the topics of governance and policy, social determinants of health, health economics, health systems, maternal and child health, morbidity and mortality, and environmental determinants, as well as the associated health outcomes in natural resource extraction project settings across four countries. To investigate each of these health topics, the project will (1) use existing population-level databases to quantify incidence of disease and other health outcomes and determinants over time using time series analysis; (2) conduct two quantitative surveys on mortality and cost of disease in producer regions; and (3) collect primary qualitative data using focus groups and key informant interviews describing community perceptions of the impacts of extraction projects on health and partnership arrangements between the projects and local and national governance. Differences in health outcomes and health determinants between districts with and without an extraction project will be analyzed using matched geographical analyses in quasi-Poisson regression models and binomial regression models. Costs to the health system and to the households from diseases found to be associated with projects in each country will be estimated retrospectively. Results Fieldwork for the study began in February 2019 and concluded in February 2020. At the time of submission, qualitative data collection had been completed in all four study countries. In Burkina Faso, 36 focus group discussions and 74 key informant interviews were conducted in three sites. In Ghana, 34 focus group discussions and 64 key informant interviews were conducted in three sites. In Mozambique, 75 focus group discussions and 103 key informant interviews were conducted in four sites. In Tanzania, 36 focus group discussions and 84 key informant interviews were conducted in three sites. Quantitative data extraction and collection is ongoing in all four study countries. Ethical approval for the study was received in all four study countries prior to beginning the fieldwork. Data analyses are underway and results are expected to be published in 2020 and 2021. Conclusions Disentangling the complex interactions of resource extraction projects with their host communities requires an integrative approach drawing on many methodologies under the HIA umbrella. By using complementary data sources to address the question of population health in project areas from several angles, bias and missing data will be reduced, generating high-quality evidence to aid countries in moving toward sustainable development. International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID) DERR1-10.2196/17138

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Yiougo, Lydie, Halidou Koanda, Christoph Luethi, and Joseph Wéthé. "Application of the material flow analysis method for evaluating Strategic Sanitation Plan in Sub-Saharan Africa: the case of Fada N'Gourma–Burkina Faso." Water Science and Technology 63, no. 11 (June 1, 2011): 2498–504. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2011.476.

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In the context of rapid urbanization across Sub-Saharan Africa there is a critical need for more robust decision-making between different ways of providing sanitation services in existing and new peri-urban areas. In several countries, authorities tried to find solutions by developing strategies to address sanitation problems in the form of Strategic Sanitation Plans. In Burkina, Strategic Sanitation Plans have been elaborated and implemented since the 1990s. Fada N'Gourma, a secondary city in Burkina, also adopted a Strategic Plan for wastewater and excreta management in 2006. In this study we use material flow analysis as a decision making tool to verify technology options of the Plan. A model was developed and data was collected in order to assess material and nitrogen flows. The status quo situation was compared to scenario based on the proposals made in the Sanitation Plan. Results show that the technology options which were recommended improved human health in the short term. However, the options led to groundwater pollution in the medium term. Compared to the current situation, matter and nitrogen flows would increase by 7% and 7.4% respectively in groundwater. It is thus concluded that the proposed options will not achieve the Plan's stated objectives of environmental protection.

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Isler, Jasmin, N. Hélène Sawadogo, Guy Harling, Till Bärnighausen, Maya Adam, Moubassira Kagoné, Ali Sié, Merlin Greuel, and Shannon A. McMahon. "Iterative Adaptation of a Maternal Nutrition Videos mHealth Intervention Across Countries Using Human-Centered Design: Qualitative Study." JMIR mHealth and uHealth 7, no. 11 (November 11, 2019): e13604. http://dx.doi.org/10.2196/13604.

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Background Mobile health (mHealth) video interventions are often transferred across settings. Although the outcomes of these transferred interventions are frequently published, the process of adapting such videos is less described, particularly within and across lower-income contexts. This study fills a gap in the literature by outlining experiences and priorities adapting a suite of South African maternal nutrition videos to the context of rural Burkina Faso. Objective The objective of this study was to determine the key components in adapting a suite of maternal nutrition mHealth videos across settings. Methods Guided by the principles of human-centered design, this qualitative study included 10 focus group discussions, 30 in-depth interviews, and 30 observations. We first used focus group discussions to capture insights on local nutrition and impressions of the original (South African) videos. After making rapid adjustments based on these focus group discussions, we used additional methods (focus group discussions, in-depth interviews, and observations) to identify challenges, essential video refinements, and preferences in terms of content delivery. All data were collected in French or Dioula, recorded, transcribed, and translated as necessary into French before being thematically coded by two authors. Results We propose a 3-pronged Video Adaptation Framework that places the aim of video adaptation at the center of a triangle framed by end recipients, health workers, and the environment. End recipients (here, pregnant or lactating mothers) directed us to (1) align the appearance, priorities, and practices of the video’s protagonist to those of Burkinabe women; (2) be mindful of local realities whether economic, health-related, or educational; and (3) identify and routinely reiterate key points throughout videos and via reminder cards. Health workers (here, Community Health Workers and Mentor Mothers delivering the videos) guided us to (1) improve technology training, (2) simplify language and images, and (3) increase the frequency of their engagements with end recipients. In terms of the environment, respondents guided us to localize climate, vegetation, diction, and how foods are depicted. Conclusions Design research provided valuable insights in terms of developing a framework for video adaptation across settings, which other interventionists and scholars can use to guide adaptations of similar interventions.

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Kouanda, Seni, Halima Tougri, Mireille Cissé, Jacques Simporé, Virginio Pietra, Boukaré Doulougou, Gautier Ouédraogo, Charlemagne Marie Ouédraogo, Robert Soudré, and Blaise Sondo. "Impact of maternal HAART on the prevention of mother-to-child transmission of HIV: results of an 18-month follow-up study in Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso." AIDS Care 22, no. 7 (July 2010): 843–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09540120903499204.

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Houngbe, Freddy, Audrey Tonguet-Papucci, Eunice Nago, Josselin Gauny, Myriam Ait-Aïssa, Jean-François Huneau, Patrick Kolsteren, and Lieven Huybregts. "Effects of multiannual, seasonal unconditional cash transfers on food security and dietary diversity in rural Burkina Faso: the Moderate Acute Malnutrition Out (MAM’Out) cluster-randomized controlled trial." Public Health Nutrition 22, no. 06 (December 18, 2018): 1089–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1368980018003452.

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AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate the impact of multiannual, seasonal unconditional cash transfers (UCT) provided within the Moderate Acute Malnutrition Out (MAM’Out) research project on households’ food security and children’s and caregivers’ dietary diversity.DesignA two-arm cluster-randomized controlled trial with sixteen villages in the intervention group and sixteen others in the control group. A monthly allowance of 10 000 XOF was transferred to caregivers of eligible children via a personal mobile phone account from July to November 2013 and 2014.SettingTapoa province in the eastern region of Burkina Faso.ParticipantsData on household food access (monthly adequate household food provisioning (MAHFP); household food insecurity access scale (HFIAS)) and maternal and child dietary diversity were analysed for 1143 households, 1219 caregivers of reproductive age (15–49 years) and 1247 under-5 children from both intervention and control groups.ResultsThe mean women dietary diversity score in intervention caregivers and the mean dietary diversity score (DDS) in intervention children with inadequate minimum DDS at baseline were respectively 7 % (95 % CI 2, 11 %; P = 0·002) and 17 % (95 % CI 11, 23 %; P <0·001) higher compared with the control group. However, no difference was found in the intervention effect on household food security measured with HFIAS (relative risk = 1·03; 95 % CI 0·92, 1·15; P = 0·565) and MAHFP (relative risk = 0·98; 95 % CI 0·96, 1·01; P = 0·426).ConclusionsMultiannual, seasonalUCT increased dietary diversity in children and their caregivers. They can be recommended in actions aiming to improve maternal and child diet diversity.

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Ouedraogo, Ramatou, Anne Attané, and Razak M. Gyasi. "Aging in the Context of HIV/AIDS: Spaces for Renegotiation and Recomposition of Mutual Solidarity in Burkina Faso." Journal of the International Association of Providers of AIDS Care (JIAPAC) 18 (January 1, 2019): 232595821988140. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2325958219881402.

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Purpose: The HIV-infected older people in sub-Saharan Africa are inevitably vulnerable to chronic health-related conditions, yet the needed social support for these people is mostly inadequate. Drawing on the anthropology of disease and health paradigms, this study explores the recomposition of multidimensional and multidirectional nature of mutual familial support for older people living with or affected by HIV/AIDS in Burkina Faso. Methods: We conducted multiple in-depth interviews among 147 individuals recruited from nonprofit organizations in Ouagadougou, Bobo-Dioulasso, Ouahigouya, and Yako through 2 projects funded by the National Agency for AIDS Research. Thematic and narrative analytical frameworks were used to analyze the data. Results: We found that older people suffered serious socioeconomic and psychological challenges associated with HIV/AIDS. Older people were particularly vulnerable to the double burden of HIV/AIDS and caregiving responsibility for family members infected with the disease. However, the infected older people who received adequate treatment and familial support regained sociocultural positions as agents for cultural transition and material/emotional resources. Conclusions: Although HIV/AIDS potentially renegotiated the nature, intensity, and direction of familial support for vulnerable older people, the extrafamily solidarity seems an integral part of the great cycle of reciprocity and intrafamily mutual support. Health and policy interventions targeted at strengthening the interpersonal relationships and support for HIV/AIDS-infected and HIV/AIDS-affected older people are needed to improve their independence and well-being.

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Gernand, Alison, Yemane Berhane, Nita Bhandari, Ranadip Chowdhury, Fyezah Jehan, Subarna Khatry, Patrick Kolsteren, et al. "Harmonization of Maternal Nutrition Trials – Finding and Creating Similarities in Protocols and Outcomes." Current Developments in Nutrition 4, Supplement_2 (May 29, 2020): 1738. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cdn/nzaa065_003.

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Abstract Objectives Public health and clinical recommendations should be based on results from multiple studies, however trials often have outcomes that are not defined in the same way. This project aims to harmonize selected protocols, outcome definitions, and data analysis across five randomized trials of antenatal balanced energy-protein supplementation being conducted in Burkina Faso, Ethiopia, India, Nepal, and Pakistan. Methods Harmonization efforts include a range of activities from reviewing detailed protocols, biospecimen collection plans, data dictionaries, and data analysis plans to proposing best practices and acceptable practices based on field limitations. Most studies have not begun or are early in enrollment, an ideal time frame to make changes. A two-day workshop of lead investigators, content experts and advisors will be held in late February, and harmonization activities will continue thereafter. Results All studies are examining anthropometry at birth as a primary outcome, however the timing of birth measurements (hours since birth) and types of measurements taken differ across trials. All studies are estimating gestational age by ultrasound measurements, but the gestational age at ultrasound differs (in part due to differences in timing of antenatal care by country) as well as the number of fetal biometry measures. Finally, stillbirth is a key outcome across trials, but initial definitions had slight differences that will now be harmonized. We are also able to add new, important maternal and child health outcomes to each trial that will have the same protocols from inception (e.g., microbiome). Conclusions Efforts thus far have resulted in communication between study investigators, consideration of improved protocols, and addition of new outcomes to collect across all sites. Further results are forthcoming after the February workshop, which will include documentation of how much definitions vary across studies and the challenges of standardization. We expect the harmonization process to improve overall reporting within each study and provide opportunities for better meta-analyses. Funding Sources The Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation.

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Kuunibe, Naasegnibe, Julia Lohmann, Michael Hillebrecht, Hoa Thi Nguyen, Gauthier Tougri, and Manuela De Allegri. "What happens when performance-based financing meets free healthcare? Evidence from an interrupted time-series analysis." Health Policy and Planning 35, no. 8 (June 30, 2020): 906–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/heapol/czaa062.

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Abstract In spite of the wide attention performance-based financing (PBF) has received over the past decade, no evidence is available on its impacts on quantity and mix of service provision nor on its interaction with parallel health financing interventions. Our study aimed to examine the PBF impact on quantity and mix of service provision in Burkina Faso, while accounting for the parallel introduction of a free healthcare policy. We used Health Management Information System data from 838 primary-level health facilities across 24 districts and relied on an interrupted time-series analysis with independent controls. We placed two interruptions, one to account for PBF and one to account for the free healthcare policy. In the period before the free healthcare policy, PBF produced significant but modest increases across a wide range of maternal and child services, but a significant decrease in child immunization coverage. In the period after the introduction of the free healthcare policy, PBF did not affect service provision in intervention compared with control facilities, possibly indicating a saturation effect. Our findings indicate that PBF can produce modest increases in service provision, without altering the overall service mix. Our findings, however, also indicate that the introduction of other health financing reforms can quickly crowd out the effects produced by PBF. Further qualitative research is required to understand what factors allow healthcare providers to increase the provision of some, but not all services and how they react to the joint implementation of PBF and free health care.

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Ouédraogo, Mady, Toussaint Rouamba, Sékou Samadoulougou, and Fati Kirakoya-Samadoulougou. "Effect of Free Healthcare Policy for Children under Five Years Old on the Incidence of Reported Malaria Cases in Burkina Faso by Bayesian Modelling: “Not only the Ears but also the Head of the Hippopotamus”." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 2 (January 8, 2020): 417. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17020417.

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Burkina Faso has recently implemented an additional strategy, the free healthcare policy, to further improve maternal and child health. This policy targets children under five who bear the brunt of the malaria scourge. The effects of the free-of-charge healthcare were previously assessed in women but not in children. The present study aims at filling this gap by assessing the effect of this policy in children under five with a focus on the induced spatial and temporal changes in malaria morbidity. We used a Bayesian spatiotemporal negative binomial model to investigate the space–time variation in malaria incidence in relation to the implementation of the policy. The analysis relied on malaria routine surveillance data extracted from the national health data repository and spanning the period from January 2013 to December 2018. The model was adjusted for meteorological and contextual confounders. We found that the number of presumed and confirmed malaria cases per 1000 children per month increased between 2013 and 2018. We further found that the implementation of the free healthcare policy was significantly associated with a two-fold increase in the number of tested and confirmed malaria cases compared with the period before the policy rollout. This effect was, however, heterogeneous across the health districts. We attributed the rise in malaria incidence following the policy rollout to an increased use of health services combined with an increased availability of rapid tests and a higher compliance to the “test and treat” policy. The observed heterogeneity in the policy effect was attributed to parallel control interventions, some of which were rolled out at different paces and scales. Our findings call for a sustained and reinforced effort to test all suspected cases so that, alongside an improved case treatment, the true picture of the malaria scourge in children under five emerges clearly (see the hippopotamus almost entirely).

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Adugna, Amare T., Harinaivo A. Andrianisa, Yacouba Konate, Awa Ndiaye, and Amadou H. Maiga. "Greywater treatment by vermifiltration for sub-Saharan urban poor." Journal of Water, Sanitation and Hygiene for Development 4, no. 4 (August 11, 2014): 625–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/washdev.2014.021.

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The treatment of greywater collected from an urban slum area of Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso, by vermifiltration (VF) was investigated using locally available sawdust as bedding material and Eudrilus eugeniae earthworm. The filtration system was made up of layers of sand, and fine and coarse gravel from the top to the bottom, which was spread inside a cylindrical DN200-PVC pipe. The fine sawdust and density of 6370 worms/m2 were added while the same filtration system without earthworms was used as an experimental control. Batch experiments were conducted at ambient temperature, with hydraulic loading rate of 64 and 191 L m−2 d−1. The raw greywater was highly concentrated with biochemical oxygen demand (BOD5) varying from 690 to 2200 mg/L and pH varying from 4.37 to 7.32. The results showed that Eudrilus eugeniae were able to tolerate temperatures above 40 °C and avoided odour and clogging problems inside the filter. The removal efficiencies of BOD5, chemical oxygen demand, total suspended solid, E. coli and thermotolerant coliforms were better in the vermifilter than in the control system. Moreover, the pH at the exit of the system was close to neutral. Therefore, VF could be applied as an alternative low-cost technology to treat greywater for the urban poor in hot climate areas.

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Kazungu, Jacob S., and Ifedayo M. O. Adetifa. "Crude childhood vaccination coverage in West Africa: Trends and predictors of completeness." Wellcome Open Research 2 (February 15, 2017): 12. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/wellcomeopenres.10690.1.

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Background: Africa has the lowest childhood vaccination coverage worldwide. If the full benefits of childhood vaccination programmes are to be enjoyed in sub-Saharan Africa, all countries need to improve on vaccine delivery to achieve and sustain high coverage. In this paper, we review trends in vaccination coverage, dropouts between vaccine doses and explored the country-specific predictors of complete vaccination in West Africa. Methods: We utilized datasets from the Demographic and Health Surveys Program, available for Benin, Burkina Faso, The Gambia, Ghana, Guinea, Cote d’Ivoire, Liberia, Mali, Niger, Nigeria, Senegal, Sierra Leone and Togo, to obtain coverage for Bacillus Calmette-Guerin, polio, measles, and diphtheria, pertussis and tetanus (DPT) vaccines in children aged 12 – 23 months. We also calculated the DPT1-to-DPT3 and DPT1-to-measles dropouts, and proportions of the fully immunised child (FIC). Factors predictive of FIC were explored using Chi-squared tests and multivariable logistic regression. Results: Overall, there was a trend of increasing vaccination coverage. The proportion of FIC varied significantly by country (range 24.1-81.4%, mean 49%). DPT1-to-DPT3 dropout was high (range 5.1% -33.9%, mean 16.3%). Similarly, DPT1-measles dropout exceeded 10% in all but four countries. Although no single risk factor was consistently associated with FIC across these countries, maternal education, delivery in a health facility, possessing a vaccine card and a recent post delivery visit to a health facility were the key predictors of complete vaccination. Conclusions: The low numbers of fully immunised children and high dropout between vaccine doses highlights weaknesses and the need to strengthen the healthcare and routine immunization delivery systems in this region. Country-specific correlates of complete vaccination should be explored further to identify interventions required to increase vaccination coverage. Despite the promise of an increasing trend in vaccination coverage in West African countries, more effort is required to attain and maintain global vaccination coverage targets.

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Moszynski, P. "Burkina Faso struggles to reduce maternal mortality." BMJ 340, jan25 1 (January 25, 2010): c425. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmj.c425.

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Monjour, Loïc, Gilles de Lorenzi, Christine Volta, Ioannis Vouldoukis, and Dominique Frommel. "Leishmaniasis in Burkina Faso." Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 81, no. 5 (September 1987): 746. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0035-9203(87)90015-0.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Maternal Health/Burkina Faso'

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