Relevant bibliographies by topics / Maternal Mortality – South Africa

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Academic literature on the topic 'Maternal Mortality – South Africa'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 8 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Maternal Mortality – South Africa"

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Mmusi-Phetoe, R. M. "MAGNITUDE OF MATERNAL MORTALITY IN SOUTH AFRICA: VIEWS FROM SOUTH AFRICAN EXPERTS." Africa Journal of Nursing and Midwifery 18, no. 2 (November 1, 2016): 132–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.25159/2520-5293/884.

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Rout, Chris. "Maternal mortality and anaesthesia in Africa: a South African perspective." International Journal of Obstetric Anesthesia 11, no. 2 (April 2002): 77–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1054/ijoa.2002.0944.

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Mmusi-Phetoe, Rose Maureen Makapi, and Brian Barasa Masaba. "Developing a model for reducing maternal mortality in South Africa." Frontiers of Nursing 8, no. 3 (September 1, 2021): 269–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/fon-2021-0028.

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Abstract Objective High maternal mortality ratios (MMRs) remain a concern in many parts of the world, especially in developing countries like South Africa. Different models have been developed, tried, and tested worldwide, in the hope that they will reduce maternal mortality, but without much success. Methods A qualitative approach was used to conveniently select a sample of 10 women attending an antenatal clinic in a rural area, in one of the districts of KwaZulu-Natal (KZN) Province. Data were collected by means of interviews with the women. Data were analyzed employing Burnard's content analysis approach. Results Four themes emerged: (1) age at first pregnancy; (2) birth intervals, risks in pregnancy and hospitalization; (3) the use of contraception; and (4) HIV status. All themes that emerged revealed inattention to reproductive health (RH) needs, resulting in poor RH outcomes as an area of concern. Conclusions Greater emphasis needs to be placed on meeting the sexual and reproductive health (SRH) needs of South African women, if maternal mortality rates are to be reduced. An alternative model for reducing maternal mortality in South Africa is proposed.
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VAN COEVERDEN de GROOT, H. A. "Maternal mortality in the Peninsula Maternal and Neonatal Service, Cape Town, South Africa." European Journal of Anaesthesiology 14, no. 5 (September 1997): 528. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00003643-199709000-00020.

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Akobirshoev, Ilhom, Hussaini Zandam, Allyala Nandakumar, Nora Groce, Mark Blecher, and Monika Mitra. "The compounding effect of having HIV and a disability on child mortality among mothers in South Africa." PLOS ONE 16, no. 5 (May 5, 2021): e0251183. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0251183.

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Background Previous research on the association between maternal HIV status and child mortality in sub–Saharan Africa was published between 2005–2011. Findings from these studies showed a higher child mortality risk among children born to HIV–positive mothers. While the population of women with disabilities is growing in developing countries, we found no research that examined the association between maternal disability in HIV–positive mothers, and child mortality in sub–Saharan Africa. This study examined the potential compounding effect of maternal disability and HIV status on child mortality in South Africa. Methods We analyzed data for women age 15–49 years from South Africa, using the nationally representative 2016 South Africa Demographic and Health Survey. We estimated unadjusted and adjusted risk ratios of child mortality indicators by maternal disability and maternal HIV using modified Poisson regressions. Results Children born to disabled mothers compared to their peers born to non-disabled mothers were at a higher risk for neonatal mortality (RR = 1.80, 95% CI:1.31–2.49), infant mortality (RR = 1.69, 95% CI:1.19–2.41), and under-five mortality (RR = 1.78, 95% CI:1.05–3.01). The joint risk of maternal disability and HIV-positive status on the selected child mortality indicators is compounded such that it is more than the sum of the risks from maternal disability or maternal HIV-positive status alone (RR = 3.97 vs. joint RR = 3.67 for neonatal mortality; RR = 3.57 vs. joint RR = 3.25 for infant mortality; RR = 6.44 vs. joint RR = 3.75 for under-five mortality). Conclusions The findings suggest that children born to HIV-positive women with disabilities are at an exceptionally high risk of premature mortality. Established inequalities faced by women with disabilities may account for this increased risk. Given that maternal HIV and disability amplify each other’s impact on child mortality, addressing disabled women’s HIV-related needs and understanding the pathways and mechanisms contributing to these disparities is crucial.
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KHAN, M., T. PILLAY, J. MOODLEY, and C. CONNOLLY. "Maternal Mortality Associated with Tuberculosis-HIV Coinfection in Durban, South Africa." Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 918, no. 1 (January 25, 2006): 367–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-6632.2000.tb05508.x.

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Moodley, D., A. J. Payne, and J. Moodley. "Maternal Mortality in Kwazulu/Natal: Need for an Information Database System and Confidential Enquiry into Maternal Deaths in Developing Countries." Tropical Doctor 26, no. 2 (April 1996): 50–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/004947559602600202.

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In a 2-year retrospective analysis of 147 maternal deaths in South African urban and rural hospitals, the maternal mortality rate (MMR) was estimated to be 144 per 100 000 live births. MMR was significantly higher ( P = 0.025) in urban hospitals (160 per 100 000) and the main causes of death were hypertensive disease in pregnancy (33%), of which eclampsia contributed to 70% of deaths, and haemorrhage (18%). Only 49.7% of women who died, attended an antenatal clinic. The MMR in South Africa is lower than sub-Saharan countries but unacceptably high for a country with a mix of private and public medicine. Disparities have been noted in maternal mortality rates within the country due to different study designs and poor documentation. Structural changes in the health care system would only be possible if a common information database system were established and confidential enquiries held into maternal deaths.
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Udjo, Eric O., and Pinky Lalthapersad-Pillay. "Estimating maternal mortality and causes in South Africa: National and provincial levels." Midwifery 30, no. 5 (May 2014): 512–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.midw.2013.05.011.

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Garenne, Michel, Robert McCaa, and Kourtoum Nacro. "Maternal mortality in South Africa: an update from the 2007 Community Survey." Journal of Population Research 28, no. 1 (September 21, 2010): 89–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12546-010-9037-y.

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Yaya, Sanni, Seun Stephen Anjorin, and Sunday A. Adedini. "Disparities in pregnancy-related deaths: spatial and Bayesian network analyses of maternal mortality ratio in 54 African countries." BMJ Global Health 6, no. 2 (February 2021): e004233. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjgh-2020-004233.

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BackgroundMaternal mortality remains a public health problem despite several global efforts. Globally, about 830 women die of pregnancy-related death per day, with more than two-third of these cases occurring in Africa. We examined the spatial distribution of maternal mortality in Africa and explored the influence of SDoH on the spatial distribution.MethodsWe used country-level secondary data of 54 African countries collected between 2006 and 2018 from three databases namely, World Development Indicator, WHO’s Global Health Observatory Data and Human Development Report. We performed descriptive analyses, presented in tables and maps. The spatial analysis involved local indicator of spatial autocorrelation maps and spatial regression. Finally, we built Bayesian networks to determine and show the strength of social determinants associated with maternal mortality.ResultsWe found that the average prevalence of maternal mortality ratio (MMR) in Africa was 415 per 100 000 live births. Findings from the spatial analyses showed clusters (hotspots) of MMR with seven countries (Guinea-Bissau, Guinea, Sierra Leone, Cote d’Ivoire, Chad and Cameroon, Mauritania), all within the Middle and West Africa. On the other hand, the cold spot clusters were formed by two countries; South Africa and Namibia; eight countries (Algeria, Tunisia, Libya, Ghana, Gabon and Congo, Equatorial Guinea and Cape Verde) formed low–high clusters; thus, indicating that these countries have significantly low MMR but within the neighbourhood of countries with significantly high MMR. The findings from the regression and Bayesian network analysis showed that gender inequities and the proportion of skilled birth attendant are strongest social determinants that drive the variations in maternal mortality across Africa.ConclusionMaternal mortality is very high in Africa especially in countries in the middle and western African subregions. To achieve the target 3.1 of the sustainable development goal on maternal health, there is a need to design effective strategies that will address gender inequalities and the shortage of health professionals.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Maternal Mortality – South Africa"

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Bija, Yanelisa. "Determinants of under-five mortality in South Africa: A logistic regression." University of the Western Cape, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/6985.

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Magister Philosophiae - MPhil
While several interventions have been implemented over the past decade to combat child mortality, under-five mortality remains a challenge especially in Sub-Saharan Africa. Global-ly, child mortality has decreased to half from 12.7 million in 1990 to 5.9 million per year in 2015. Despite these remarkable gains, more than 16,000 children are dying daily in the world (World Health Organisation, 2015). Previous studies on child survival have examined the contributing factors of child deaths and HIV/AIDS epidemic and socio-economic differentials such as the level of education, type of place of residence,and mother’s occupational status were identified as the contributing factor towards the high rate of under-five mortality. How-ever, there is a paucity of studies focusing on the impact of socio-economic and demographic factors on under-five mortality. Hence this study aims to explore the impact of socio-economic and demographic factors on under-five mortality in South Africa. There are underlying factors or background determinants (including direct and indirect) of under-five mortality. These factors influence under-five mortality in South Africa, and the direct causes are called proximate determinants or demographic factors. The conceptual framework of Mosley and Chen (1984) was adopted to explore the ways of influence of the underlying factors on under-five mortality in their study of determinants of child survival.
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Lomalisa, Litenye. "Causes of maternal deaths and severe acute maternal morbidity in a regional hospital in the Northwest Province of South Africa." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2006. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&action=viewtitle&id=gen8Srv25Nme4_7030_1254736307.

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Despite all measures taken by the South African government since 1994, there is a contiuous increase of maternal mortality in the country and the Northwest Province is amongst the highest. Studies to date combining the review of maternal deaths and severe acute maternal morbidity (SAMM) have been conducted primarily in urban areas. The aim of this study was to determine the causes of death and avoidable factors for maternal mortality and severe acute maternal morbidity in a rural regional hospital from 01/01/2005 to 30/04/2006.

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Sobamowo, Theophilus Oluwadayo. "A clinical audit on the quality of care and the outcome of patients with pregnancy induced hypertension within a primary-secondary care pathway: the Wesfleur-New Somerset Hospital Axis, Cape Town, South Africa." Master's thesis, Faculty of Health Sciences, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/32989.

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Background: Pregnancy Induced Hypertension (PIH) and its complications contribute to a significant burden of disease both in developed and developing countries of the world. Unfortunately, PIH has no cure, the delivery of the baby and the placenta is required. Early detection of pregnancy induced hypertension and close monitoring remains the key to achieving a favourable outcome. This study aimed to determine the quality of care given to women diagnosed with Pregnancy Induced Hypertension (PIH) within a care pathway spanning peri-urban primary and urban secondary level facilities. Methods: This was a retrospective clinical audit of medical records of patients diagnosed with PIH. It was conducted in the Wesfleur -New Somerset Hospital drainage area, using a locally validated data extraction tool, based on the South African Maternal Care Guidelines. The data were analyzed using descriptive methods to report on the frequencies and proportions of the variables, and analyzed to report on statistical significance of correlations. Results: The prevalence rate of pregnancy induced hypertension in this study was 12%. The overall pregnancy induced hypertension complication prevalence in the study for mothers was 7.7%, and that of babies was 30.7%. Facilities generally performed well according to the audit indicators detailing structures and processes that should be followed, as outlined by the standard guidelines used. Two process indicators were correlated with adverse outcomes: 66.1% of patients were appropriately referred, resulting in statistically better foetal outcomes (p = 0.059); and those who booked early in the pregnancy had less PIH-induced complications than those who booked late (p = 0.012) Conclusion: This study followed a standardized audit methodology and found that the quality of care in this peri-urban area is of a good standard and identified areas for quality improvement and further enquiry to ensure continual improvement in maternal and fetal outcomes.
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Mokgatlhe, Tuduetso M. "Factors associated with maternal mortality in South East Botswana." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/4487.

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Magister Public Health - MPH
Background: Maternal mortality is a significant public health problem world-wide,as it is an important indicator for the functioning of the health system. The maternal mortality ratio for Botswana is higher than other countries with comparable economic growth, despite impressive access to health services. In order to develop relevant programs and policies to reduce maternal mortality, the factors associated with maternal mortality were studied. The study aimed to describe the maternal and health services factors associated with maternal mortality in South East Botswana. Methodology: A quantitative case-control study was used to retrospectively review medical records for 71 cases of maternal deaths and 284 controls randomly selected from mothers who delivered in the same year and at the same health facility, in South East Botswana from 2007 to 2009. Information was collected on the maternal and health services characteristics of the cases and controls including age, level of education, marital status, parity, utilization of health facilities that consist of antenatal care (ANC), type of delivery, complications during pregnancy, type of health facility and ANC provider. Data was analyzed using Predictive Analysis Software (PASW) Version 18.Two-sample t- test, Pearson’s Chi-square test and the Fisher’s exact test were used to test the difference between the proportions of the various categories of variables in cases and controls. Univariate logistic regression analysis was applied to identify the risk factors associated with maternal deaths. A multivariate logistic regression model was estimated to see the joint effects of the identified risk factors for maternal mortality. Hosmer and Lemeshow test was used to test the goodness of fit of the model. Results: The mean age of the maternal deaths was 28.0 ± 5.3 years and they had taken place at a hospital (100%). A large number of deaths occurred before delivery(59.0%). The causes of maternal death included both direct (73%) and indirect causes (27%). Direct causes were the leading causes of death and they were abortion(22.5%) and haemorrhage (18.3%). The maternal characteristics associated with maternal mortality were having complications at delivery (OR=20.91), not receiving ANC (OR=6.31) and delivering by caesarean section (OR= 2.66). The health facility characteristics associated with maternal mortality were delivering outside the health facility (OR=14.78), having been referred from another facility (OR=8.62) and delivering at a general hospital (OR=5.91). The data produced a model with good fit that included one maternal risk factor and three health facility risk factors. These were being admitted with preterm labour, delivering at a general hospital or before arrival at the health facility and having been referred from another health facility. Conclusion: Maternal mortality was associated with both maternal and health facility risk factors. The model developed may be used to identify and manage highrisk women to reduce the number of maternal deaths. It was recommended that, the current system should continue to be monitored and evaluated through the Maternal Mortality Monitoring System (MMMS). Furthermore, the referral and management of complications needs to be strengthened through a multi-sectoral approach.
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Fantaye, Arone. "Understanding Maternal Care Preferences and Perceptions to Curb Maternal Mortality in Rural Africa." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/40111.

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Background: The underutilization of formal, facility-based maternal care is a major contributor to the high maternal mortality rates among women living in rural Africa. Increasing the use of formal maternal care requires exploration of important maternal health issues affecting community members and comprehension of how they perceive the use of formal and traditional maternal care. This thesis aimed to identify the key factors, challenges, and needs of rural populations for the uptake of formal maternal care. Paper 1 explored rural women's preferred choices for sources of maternal care as well as the factors that contribute to their preferences in Africa. Paper 2 explored elders' perceptions about reasons for the underutilization of maternal healthcare and maternal death, as well as potential solutions to improve formal care use in rural Nigeria. Methods: 1) In paper 1, a systematic search on Ovid Medline, Embase, CINAHL, and Global Health identified 40 qualitative studies that elicited women's preferences for maternal care in rural Africa. Reviewers collated the findings and reported on patterns identified across findings using the narrative synthesis method. 2) Data were collected through 9 community conversations with 158 elders in 9 rural Nigerian communities. The data were analyzed inductively through thematic analysis. Results: 1) A variety of preferences for formal, traditional and both formal and traditional maternal care during antepartum, intrapartum and postpartum periods were identified. The majority of the studies reported preferences for formal antenatal care or a combination of traditional and formal antenatal care. During intrapartum, rural women held a wide range of preferences, including facility-based births, traditional births in a domestic setting, as well as a combination of formal and traditional care depending on the onset of complications. The majority of the studies reported preferences for traditional postnatal care involving traditional attendants, self-care, and cultural rituals that fend off witchcraft. The factors that contributed to these preferences were related to the perceived need of formal or traditional maternal care, accessibility to formal or traditional care, and cultural and religious norms, beliefs and obligations. 2) The perceived reasons for the underuse of formal maternal care included poor qualities of care, physical and financial inaccessibility of facility-based services, and lack of knowledge and awareness. Reasons for women's maternal deaths included malaria and blood displacement, facility-based service deficiencies, uptake of traditional maternal care, and poor community awareness and negligence. Increased access to high-quality care, health promotion and education, community support and supernatural assistance were the proffered solutions. Conclusions: The major areas that need improvement across rural Africa include human and material resources availability, technical and interpersonal quality of care in health facilities, physical accessibility, financial accessibility, sociocultural accessibility, cultural and religious sensitivity, and community knowledge and awareness. Generally, the findings reflect the need for multifaceted interventions that engage target populations and consider local contexts, realities, and related needs in order to develop locally acceptable interventions. Such interventions will increase the likelihood of effective and long-lasting positive changes in healthcare utilization and maternal mortality.
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Machemedze, Takwanisa. "Old age mortality in South Africa." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/8980.

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Includes bibliographical references (leaves 71-74).
This study estimates the mortality of the South African oldest old age population (in five year age groups from age 75 up to the open age interval 100 and above) and in the process re-estimates the numbers of people in the population at these ages at the time of the 1996 and 2001 censuses, and the 2007 Community Survey. In countries where the data on the old age population have been verified, it has been observed that the data are marred by errors in the form of age exaggeration, age digit preference, relative under/over count of the population and under-registration of deaths. These errors have been observed to have the net effect of underestimating mortality of the oldest old age groups. The current research applies the method of extinct generations to estimate indirectly the population numbers at the oldest old age groups (75 up to 100 and above) using data on reported deaths alone. Age heaping and year of birth preference in the reported deaths are assessed using ratios of the probability of death estimated from the data. Age exaggeration in the data on reported deaths is assessed using ratios of deaths compared with same ratios from a standard population. Age heaping and year of birth preference in the census/survey population is assessed using the modified Whipple's Index of age accuracy. The Generalized Growth Balance (GGB) and Synthetic Extinct Generations (SEG+delta) methods are applied to adjust for under reporting of deaths and to assess patterns of age exaggeration in the census/survey population. The difference between the estimates of the completeness of reporting of deaths from the two methods is small (less than 1 per cent) and has been observed to have little impact on the mortality estimates. Final estimates of the completeness of reporting of deaths used are those derived using the SEG+delta method. After re-estimating the population numbers and adjusting for completeness of reporting of deaths, mortality rates were then estimated. Results obtained from the method of extinct generations suggest that there is no systematic difference between the census/ survey population and the population numbers estimated from deaths except at ages 95 and above. Measures of age accuracy show that there are patterns of preferring 1910, 1914, 1918, 1920 and 1930 as the years of birth in the census/survey population and these patterns are also found in the registered deaths. The impact of these errors was investigated and the results show that preference of certain years of birth cause fluctuations in the mortality rates. Patterns observed after applying the SEG+delta method suggest that the completeness of reporting of deaths falls with age at the advanced ages (from age 90 and above) and as a result, the estimated mortality rates above this age are lower than those estimated from the United Nations Population Division (UNPD) and US Census Bureau (USCB) population projections, and Dorrington, Moultrie and Timaeus (2004). Conclusions reached are that the mortality rates for the age groups 75 to 89 derived after re-estimating the population numbers and after allowing for the fall in the completeness of reporting of deaths are lower but not significantly different from those inferred from the UNPD and USCB population projections, and estimates derived by Dorrington, Moultrie and Timaeus (2004). The research recommends mortality estimates from the UNPD since they are the closest to the estimates derived using the published census population numbers for the whole period between the nights of 9-10 October 1996 and 9-10 October 2001. However, the research produced better estimates of the oldest old age population numbers relative to the census/survey numbers.
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Richman, Ronald David. "Old age mortality in South Africa, 1985-2011." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/27486.

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Estimating the level and trend in population mortality rates at advanced ages in South Africa is complicated by problems with both the population and death data. Population and death data, particularly in developing countries, often suffer from age misreporting - age exaggeration and digit preference. Also, censuses may under- or overestimate the population and registration of deaths is usually incomplete in developing countries (Dorrington, Moultrie and Timæus 2004). To avoid these problems, the research in this dissertation relies on the method of extinct generations and its extensions (Thatcher, Kannisto and Andreev 2002) to re-estimate the population using only the death data, which is often recorded more accurately than the population data. Since deaths are not reported completely in South Africa, the death data must be corrected before use. Death Distribution Methods (Moultrie, Dorrington, Hill et al. 2013) are used to correct the death data for incomplete registration of deaths. After correction, Near Extinct Generation methods (NEG) are used to re-estimate the population by projecting future deaths of nearly extinct cohorts. After showing that mortality rates produced using the original NEG methods are biased because of age and year of birth heaping present in the South African death data, the NEG methods are adapted to the South African context. The adapted NEG model smooths the age and year of birth heaping in the death data and produces mortality rates that are less biased than the original NEG methods. This model - referred to as the NEG-GAM model in this research - is used to re-estimate the population at each age from 70 and above and to calculate mortality rates since 1985. The population estimates aged 70+ produced using the NEG-GAM model match those from the 2011 census well. It is found that both the population and death data suffer from the same pattern of heaping, that the population and death data are affected by age exaggeration and that the death data are less affected by age exaggeration than the population data. The level and trend in mortality rates calculated using the NEG-GAM model are discussed and compared to the mortality rates in the Human Mortality Database and other studies of South African mortality. The mortality rates produced for the African and Coloured population groups appear too low at the older ages due to age exaggeration in the death data, while those for the Indian and White population groups appear to be reasonable over the entire age range. Mortality appears to be improving in the age range 70-79 for the Coloured, Indian and White population groups and deteriorating slowly for the African population group.
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Ejidokun, Oluwatoyin Oyindamola. "Maternal anaemia and morbidity in South-Western Nigeria." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.338732.

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Sashaw, Jessica Joan Hayden. "Maternal strategies in vervet monkeys." Thesis, Lethbridge, Alta. : University of Lethbridge, Dept. of Psychology, c2012, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10133/3400.

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I studied free-ranging vervet monkeys (Chlorocebus aethiops) in South Africa using focal animal sampling to test current theories of reproduction and maternal investment. Mothers cope with the energetic costs of lactation by feeding more than non-lactating females and targeting higher nutrient quality items as their infant ages. The dynamic nature of mother-infant interactions is highlighted, with infants spending less time in contact while the mother is moving and foraging. Other troop members “allomother” the infant primarily in the infant’s first couple of months. The length of investment is explored, with greater length of interbirth interval in low nutrient quality environments, larger troop sizes and higher survival rates. Maternal dominance rank and infant sex significantly influenced time in ventral contact, with low-ranking daughters spending more time in contact than high-ranking daughters. The findings from this thesis highlight the complex interaction of ecological and social conditions on maternal investment.
xiv, 182 leaves ; 29 cm
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de, Villiers Marthinus Coenraad. "The changing landscape of infective endocarditis in South Africa." Master's thesis, Faculty of Health Sciences, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/31498.

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Background. Little is known about the current clinical profile and outcomes of patients with infective endocarditis (IE) in South Africa. Methods. We conducted a retrospective review of the records of patients admitted to Groote Schuur Hospital between 2009 and 2016 fulfilling universal criteria for definite or possible IE, in search of demographic, clinical, microbiological, echocardiographic, treatment and outcome information. Results. 105 patients fulfilled the modified Duke criteria for IE. The median age of the cohort was 39 years (IQR 29-51), with a male preponderance (61.9%). The majority of patients (72.4%) had left-sided native valve endocarditis, 14% had right-sided disease, and 13.3% had prosthetic valve endocarditis. A third of the cohort had rheumatic heart disease. Although 41.1% of patients with left-sided disease had negative blood cultures, the three most common organisms cultured in this subgroup were Staphylococcus aureus (18.9%), Streptococcus spp. (16.7%) and Enterococcus spp. (6.7%). Participants with right-sided endocarditis were younger (29 years (IQR 27-37)), were predominantly intravenous drug users (IVDU; 73.3%) and the majority cultured positive for S. aureus (73.3%) with frequent septic pulmonary complications (40.0%). The overall in-hospital mortality was 16.2%, with no deaths in the group with right-sided endocarditis. Predictors of death in our patients were heart failure (OR 8.16, CI 1.77-37.70; p=0.007) and an age > 45 years (OR 4.73, CI 1.11- 20.14; p=0.036). Valve surgery was associated with a reduction in mortality (OR 0.09, CI 0.02-0.43; p=0.003). Conclusions. Infective endocarditis in a typical teaching tertiary care centre in South Africa remains an important clinical problem. In this setting, it continues to affect mainly young people with post-inflammatory valve disease and congenital heart disease. IE is associated with an in-hospital mortality that remains high. Intravenous drug-associated endocarditis caused by S. aureus is an important IE subset, comprising approximately 10% of all cases, a fact which was not reported 15 years ago, and culture-negative endocarditis remains highly prevalent. Heart failure in IE carries significant risk of death and needs a more intensive level of care in hospital. Finally, cardiac surgery was associated with reduced mortality, with the largest impact in those patients with heart failure.
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Books on the topic "Maternal Mortality – South Africa"

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Rossouw, J. P. H. Infant mortality and child health in South Africa: 1988/1992. Pretoria: Human Sciences Research Council, 1997.

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Heston, Phillips, and Statistics South Africa, eds. Adult mortality (age 15-64): Based on death notification data in South Africa, 1997-2004. Pretoria: Statistics South Africa, 2006.

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Lehohla, Pali. Road traffic accident deaths in South Africa, 2001-2006: Evidence from death notification. Pretoria, South Africa: Statistics South Africa, 2009.

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Causes of death in South Africa 1997-2001: Advance release of recorded causes of death. Pretoria: Statistics South Africa, 2002.

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United States. Congress. House. Select Committee on Hunger. Infant survival: A challenge for the South : hearing before the Select Committee on Hunger, House of Representatives, One Hundredth Congress, second session, hearing held in Birmingham, AL, October 10, 1988. Washington: U.S. G.P.O., 1988.

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Clive, Bell. The long-run economic costs of AIDS: Theory and an application to South Africa. Washington, D.C: World Bank, 2003.

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Frances, Potter, and South African Institute of Race Relations., eds. Behind closed doors: A study of deaths in detention in South Africa between August 1963 and 1984, and of further deaths between June 1984 and September 1985. Braamfontein, Johannesburg, South Africa: South African Institute of Race Relations, 1987.

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Nafis, Sadik, ed. Population policies and programmes: Lessons learned from two decades of experience. New York: Published for United Nations Population Fund by New York University Press, 1991.

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Effects of Maternal Mortality on Children in Africa an Exploratory Report. Defense for Children Intl USA, 1991.

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Luke, Jenny M. Delivered by Midwives. University Press of Mississippi, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.14325/mississippi/9781496818911.001.0001.

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Delivering babies was merely one aspect of the broad role of African American midwives in the twentieth-century South. Yet little has been written about the type of care they provided, or how midwifery and maternity care evolved under the increasing presence of local and federal health care structures. Using evidence from nursing, medical, and public health journals of the era; primary sources from state and county departments of health; and personal accounts from varied practitioners, Delivered by Midwives: African American Midwifery in the Twentieth-Century South provides a new perspective on the childbirth experience of African American women and their maternity care providers during the twentieth century. Moving beyond the usual racial dichotomy, the monograph exposes a more complex shift in childbirth culture to reveal the changing expectations and agency of African American women in their rejection of a two-tier maternity care system, and their demands to be part of an inclusive, desegregated society. This book identifies valuable aspects of a maternity care model that were discarded in the name of progress. Today concern about maternal mortality and persistent racial disparities have forced a reassessment of maternity care and elements of the long-abandoned care model are being reincorporated into modern practice, answering current health care dilemmas by heeding lessons from the past.
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Book chapters on the topic "Maternal Mortality – South Africa"

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Garenne, Michel L. "Maternal Mortality in South Africa." In Encyclopedia of Quality of Life and Well-Being Research, 3871–76. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-0753-5_4189.

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Obadina, Ibrahim. "Addressing maternal mortality through decriminalizing abortion in Nigeria." In Advancing Sexual and Reproductive Health and Rights in Africa, 35–50. Abingdon, Oxon; New York, NY: Routledge, 2021. | Series: Routledge contemporary Africa: Routledge, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003175049-3.

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Seifu, Munayie, Yirgu Gebrehiwot, and Mesganaw Fantahun. "Maternal Mortality and Human Development in Ethiopia: The Unacceptably Low Maternal Health Service Utilization and Its Multiple Determinants." In The Demographic Transition and Development in Africa, 125–42. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-90-481-8918-2_7.

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Honikman, Simone, and Sally Field. "Maternal Mental Health in South Africa and the Opportunity for Integration." In Psychosomatic Medicine, 335–42. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-27080-3_27.

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Kandala, Ngianga-Bakwin. "Spatial Variation of Predictors of Prevalent Hypertension in Sub-Saharan Africa: A Case Study of South-Africa." In Advanced Techniques for Modelling Maternal and Child Health in Africa, 211–37. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-6778-2_11.

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Ghilagaber, Gebrenegus. "Analysis of Grouped Survival Data: A Synthesis of Various Traditions and Application to Modeling Childhood Mortality in Eritrea." In Advanced Techniques for Modelling Maternal and Child Health in Africa, 107–22. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-6778-2_6.

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Mukami, Victoria, Richard Millham, Threethambal Puckree, and Simon James Fong. "Identifying the Most Feasible Technologies for mHealth Maternal Mortality Interventions in Sub-Saharan Africa." In Proceeding of First Doctoral Symposium on Natural Computing Research, 173–84. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-33-4073-2_18.

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Ghilagaber, Gebrenegus, Diddy Antai, and Ngianga-Bakwin Kandala. "Modeling Spatial Effects on Childhood Mortality Via Geo-additive Bayesian Discrete-Time Survival Model: A Case Study from Nigeria." In Advanced Techniques for Modelling Maternal and Child Health in Africa, 29–48. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-6778-2_3.

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Manda, Samuel O. M., Renate Meyer, and Bo Cai. "A Semiparametric Stratified Survival Model for Timing of First Birth in South Africa." In Advanced Techniques for Modelling Maternal and Child Health in Africa, 239–52. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-6778-2_12.

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Kandala, Ngianga-Bakwin, Samuel O. M. Manda, and William Tigbe. "Assessing Geographic Co-morbidity Associated with Vascular Diseases in South Africa: A Joint Bayesian Modeling Approach." In Advanced Techniques for Modelling Maternal and Child Health in Africa, 303–20. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-6778-2_15.

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Conference papers on the topic "Maternal Mortality – South Africa"

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Mukami, Victoria, Richard Millham, and Threethambal Puckree. "Comparison of frameworks and models for analyzing determinants of maternal mortality and morbidity." In 2016 IST-Africa Week Conference. IEEE, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/istafrica.2016.7530653.

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Prinsloo, Megan, Bianca Dekel, Shibe Mhlongo, Nomonde Gwebushe, Carl Lombard, Rachel Jewkes, Naeemah Abrahams, and Richard Matzopoulos. "5E.005 Injury Mortality in South Africa: 2009 vs 2017." In Virtual Pre-Conference Global Injury Prevention Showcase 2021 – Abstract Book. BMJ Publishing Group Ltd, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/injuryprev-2021-safety.138.

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Nggadas, Belandina, Rafael Paun, and Mindo Sinaga. "FACTORS AFFECTING MATERNAL MORTALITY IN AN ALERT VILLAGE IN SOUTH TIMOR TENGAH, EAST NUSA TENGGARA." In THE 2ND INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON PUBLIC HEALTH. Masters Program in Public Health, Sebelas Maret University, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.26911/theicph.2017.129.

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Batra, Ankit. "Clinical comparison of toxicity pattern of two linear quadratic model-baesd fractionation schemes of high-dose-rate intracavitary brachytherapy for cervical cancer." In 16th Annual International Conference RGCON. Thieme Medical and Scientific Publishers Private Ltd., 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0039-1685255.

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Introduction: Carcinoma cervix is the fourth (GLOBACON 2012) most common cancer among women worldwide, and the main cancer affecting women in Sub-Saharan Africa, Central America and south-central Asia. In India, approx. 1,23,000 (GLOBACON 2012) new cases of carcinoma cervix are diagnosed each year. Brachytherapy is an integral part of treatment of cancer cervix. In the context of a developing country like us where maximum utilization of the resource is of prime importance to provide treatment to the large patient cohort, shortening the treatment duration and number of fractions always increases efficiency. In order to maximize the logistic benefits of HDR-BT while improving patient compliance and resource sparing, various fractionation regimens are used. Fractionation and dose adjustments of the total dose are radiobiologically important factors in lowering the incidence of complications without compromising the treatment results. Aim: To compare patient outcomes and complications using two linear-quadratic model-based fractionation schemes of high-dose-rate intracavitary brachytherapy (HDR-IC) used to treat cervical cancer. Materials and Methods: A prospective randomized study on 318 patients, with histologically proven advanced carcinoma cervix (stages IIB-IIIB) was enrolled in the study. All patients received External Beam Radio Therapy (EBRT) 50 Gy in 25 fractions with concurrent chemotherapy (cisplatin 35 mg/m2) followed by IntraCavitary brachytherapy using high dose rate equipment. Patients were randomised after completion of EBRT into two arms: (1) Arm 1: HDR ICRT 6.5 Gy per fraction for 3 fractions, a week apart. (2) Arm 2: HDR ICRT, 9 Gy per fraction for 2 fractions, 1 week apart. On completion of treatment, patients were assessed monthly for 3 months followed by 3 monthly thereafter. Treatment response was assessed according to WHO criteria after one month of completion of radiotherapy. The RTOG criteria were used for radiation induced toxicities. We analyzed late toxicities in terms of Rectal, Bladder, Small Bowel toxicity and Vaginal Stenosis. Results: Acute reactions in both the groups were comparable. None of the patient developed Grade 4 toxicity in our study and no toxicity related mortality was encountered. A slightly high frequency of late toxicity was observed in 9Gy Arm patients but was not statistically significant. Conclusion: In our setup, HDR brachytherapy at 9 Gy per fraction in two fractions is safe, effective and resource saving method with good local control, survival, and manageable normal tissue toxicity.
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Mothosola, Whitney, Phoka C. Rathebe, and Charlotte M. Mokoatle. "Stakeholders Initiative in Reducing Mortality Rates in Traditional Initiations Schools in South Africa: A Reflection Paper." In 2019 Open Innovations (OI). IEEE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/oi.2019.8908254.

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Boissin, Constance, Lee Wallis, Wayne Kleintjes, and Lucie Laflamme. "PW 1447 Referral and in-unit mortality patterns among adult acute burns patients. The case of a burns center in the western cape, south africa." In Safety 2018 abstracts. BMJ Publishing Group Ltd, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/injuryprevention-2018-safety.646.

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O'Donnell, Max R., M. Pillay, L. Werner, Iqbal Master, Yacob Coovadia, C. R. Horsburgh, and Nesri Padayatchi. "De Novo Capreomycin Resistance Is Prevalent, Widespread, And Associated With Increased Early Mortality In Extensively Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis (XDR-TB) Patients In KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa." In American Thoracic Society 2012 International Conference, May 18-23, 2012 • San Francisco, California. American Thoracic Society, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1164/ajrccm-conference.2012.185.1_meetingabstracts.a6779.

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Widyaningsih, Vitri, and Bhisma Murti. "Antenatal Care and Provision of Basic Immunization in Children Aged 12-23 Months: Meta-Analysis." In The 7th International Conference on Public Health 2020. Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.26911/the7thicph.03.125.

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ABSTRACT Background: Among the leading causes of global child morbidity and mortality are vaccine-preventable diseases, especially in low-and middle-income countries (LMICs). A complete basic immunization for children contains one BCG, three DPT-HB-Hib immunizations, four polio immunizations, and one measles immunizations. Antenatal care visit contributes an important to complete the basic immunization. This study aimed to estimate the effect of antenatal care on the completeness of basic immunization in children aged 12-23 months in Africa using meta-analysis. Subjects and Method: A meta-analysis and systematic review was conducted to examine the effect of antenatal care on the basic immunization completeness in children aged 12-23 months. Published articles in 2015-2020 were collected from PubMed and Google Scholar databases. Keywords used “immunization coverage” OR “vaccination coverage” OR “complete immunization” OR “complete vaccination” OR “full immunization” OR “full vaccination” AND children OR “child immunization” OR “child immunization coverage” NOT “incomplete immunization” OR “incomplete vaccination”. The inclusion criteria were full text, in English language, and using cross-sectional study design. The selected articles were analyzed by Revman 5.3. Results:6 studies from Senegal, Nigeria, Ethiopia, and South Africa showed that antenatal care increased basic immunization completeness in children aged 12-23 months (aOR=1.19; 95% CI= 1.06 to 1.36; p<0.001) with I2 = 95%). Conclusion: Antenatal care increases basic immunization completeness in children aged 12-23 months. Keywords: basic immunization, antenatal care, children aged 12-23 months Correspondence: Farida. Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret. Jl. Ir. Sutarmi 36A, Surakarta 57126, Central Java. Email: faridariza9232@gmail.com. Mobile: 085654415292 DOI: https://doi.org/10.26911/the7thicph.03.125
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Faujiah, Irfa Nur, Bhisma Murti, and Hanung Prasetya. "The Effect of Prenatal Stresson Low Birth Weight: A Meta-Analysis." In The 7th International Conference on Public Health 2020. Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.26911/the7thicph.03.123.

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ABSTRACT Background: Low birth weight remains a major public health concern of neonatal mortality rate, especially in developing countries. The mother’s psychological stress during pregnancy was reported as one of the causes of low birth weight in children. This study aimed to determine the effect of prenatal stress on low birth weight. Subjects and Method: This was a meta-analysis and systematic review. This study was conducted by collecting articles from PubMed, Google Scholar, Science Direct, Directory of Open Access (DOAJ), Springer Link databases, from 2006-2020. Keywords used “Prenatal Stress” AND “Low Birth Weight”. The inclusion criteria were open access and full text articles, using English or Indonesia language, pregnant women with stress, using cohort study design, and reporting adjusted odds ratio (aOR). The articles were selected by PRISMA flow chart. The quantitative data were analyzed using random effect model run on Revman 5.3. Results: 5 studies from United States, Suriname, Macao, Israel, and South Africa reported that prenatal stress increased the risk of low birth weight (aOR= 1.94; 95% CI= 1.33 to 2.81; p<0.001), with I2= 0%; p= 0.45. Conclusion: Prenatal stress increases the risk of low birth weight. Keywords: prenatal stress, low birth weight Correspondence: Irfa Nur Faujiah. Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret. Jl. Ir. Sutami 36A, Surakarta 57126, Central Java. Email: irfanurfaujiah@gmail.com. Mobile: +6282127200347. DOI: https://doi.org/10.26911/the7thicph.03.123
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Roberts, H. R. "PREVENTION OF DEEP VENOUS THROMBOSIS: CONCLUSIONS OF A CONSENSUS DEVELOPMENT CONFERENCE." In XIth International Congress on Thrombosis and Haemostasis. Schattauer GmbH, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1642966.

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Deep venous thrombosis (DVT) and pulmonary embolism (PE) are major health problems that lead to significant morbidity and mortality. In the United States, it is estimated that these two problems result in over 300,000 hospitalizations annually and available data indicate that 50,000 to 100,000 patients per year die of pulmonary embolism.The advent of several diagnostic tests has permitted the identification of groups of patients at high risk for development of deep venous thrombosis and subsequent pulmonary embolism. Identification of these patient groups has led to therapeutic measures designed to prevent both deep venous thrombosis and subsequent embolic episodes. However, the efficacy of these preventive measures have not been widely adopted and reservations have been expressed regarding use of low dose anticoagulant drugs for prevention of DVT and PE, especially in surgical patients. Because of the apparent reluctance to adopt putative preventive measures for DVT and PE, the National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute convened a Consensus Development Conference on the issue of prevention in 1986. Experts from North America, Europe, and South Africa presented data, both pro and con, on prevention of DVT and PE, using one or more therapeutic regimens. An impartial Panel was then asked to arrive at a consensus statement on the following questions: 1) the level of risk of DVT and PE in different patient groups; 2) the efficacy and safety of prophylactic measures in these groups; 3) the recommended prophylactic regimens for different patient groups, and 4) remaining questions related to prevention of DVT and PE. Recommendations for prevention were based on the assumption that reduction in DVT would also result in reduction of pulmonary embolism. Furthermore, the consensus was based, at least in part, upon data combined from multiple clinical trials. Thus, combined data on 12,000 individuals in randomized clinical trials indicated that in appropriate patient groups, treated with low dose heparin, there was a 68 percent reduction in DVT, as measured by the 125I-fibrinogen uptake test and venography, and that there was a reduction of 49% in pulmonary embolism and a significant decrease in overall mortality resulting from pulmonary embolism.Prophylactic measures for the following different patient groups were assessed: 1) general surgery; 2) orthopedic surgery; 3) urology; 4) gynecology-obstetrics; 4) neurosurgery and neurology; 5) trauma; and 6) medical conditions.Basically, the following prophylactic regimens were considered: 1) low dose heparin; 2) low dose dihydroergotamine heparin; 3) dextran; 4) low dose warfarin; and 5) external pneumatic compression. In general terms, low dose heparin appears to be one of the more effective prophylactic regimens in certain groups of high risk patients. This regimen is not useful in orthopedic or certain neurosurgical procedures where heparin has been shown to be of little value or hazardous. In these cases, dextran, warfarin, or external pnuematic compression may be more beneficial. In some groups of high risk patients, combination of mechanical measures with anticoagulant agents appear to be of value in prevention of DVT and PE.The recommendations of the Consensus Panel for Prevention of DVT and PE for each patient group will be assessed.
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Reports on the topic "Maternal Mortality – South Africa"

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Garbero, Alexandra, Victoria Hosegood, and Ingrid Woolard. Who is falling behind? : is AIDS-related mortality contributing to increased "income" mobility in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa? Unknown, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.35648/20.500.12413/11781/ii101.

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McEwen, Hayley, and Ingrid Woolard. The changing dynamics of child grants in South Africa in the context of high adult mortality: a simulation to 2015. Unknown, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.35648/20.500.12413/11781/ii124.

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