Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Maternity in prison, to be mother in prison'

This study sought to examine what gaps existed in practice through the perspectives of correctional social workers in terms of helping incarcerated mother–infant dyads bond. Additionally, it examined whether a prison nursery was viewed as a possible option within a smaller correctional facility. Theories used to guide this study included attachment theory and separation-individuation theory, which align with the research questions that sought to explore gaps in services, supports that could be established, and program feasibility. Action research, using an anonymous online survey, resulted in N = 6 social work participants who worked as prison social workers in the northeast region of the United States. Data were coded using thematic analysis to explore latent and semantic themes. Conclusions drawn from the dataset include the restrictive nature of the prison setting being a barrier to promoting attachment. An increase in parenting classes, substance use programming, and mental health treatment was seen as beneficial for supporting attachment. Promoting childhood normalcy and having access to nature and play things was seen as integral to the development of a prison nursery program. A prison nursery was seen as feasible within a smaller correctional facility in the northeast. Potential positive social change resulting from these findings include development of specific interventions to maintain mother–infant bonding in small departments of correction.

Women in prison assert that separation from their children is one of the most traumatic aspects of their imprisonment (Corston, 2007; Douglas, Plugge & Fitzpatrick, 2009; IAP, 2017). This thesis considers mother-child separations in English prisons from the perspectives of mothers and prison staff, alongside a critical examination of the use of attachment theory in prison policy and practice. Using a critical realist approach, this mixed-methods study integrates qualitatively analysed semi-structured interviews with a practitioner survey and document analyses. A focus on attachment theory enables a multi-perspective view of an overlooked group of prisoners and proposes relevant policy and practice applications. Study of policy and related literature reveals a consensus that separation from children for imprisoned mothers is traumatic. However, no detail is offered about how mothers should be supported. Interviews with six attachment experts and a survey of 30 family practitioners uncovered a range of critiques of current prison practice supposedly based on attachment theory, in particular the focus on a 'best age' of separation. Interviews with six previously imprisoned mothers highlighted the importance of the wider context, especially external childcare, with regards to their experience of separation. Open prisons were viewed as enabling access to services and the most positive relationships with staff. Interviews with 24 prison staff emphasised the challenges of working with separated mothers, specifically the emotional impact of this type of work, and the difficulties of working with social services. Focusing on the understanding and practice of attachment theory revealed its limitations and problematises its use in prison policy, including critiques of Mother Baby Units. It is proposed that future practice and research should be underpinned by partnership with social work in order to inform best practice, whilst a human rights-based approach with enforceable minimum standards would mitigate some of the harm caused by mother-child separation.

This study was designed to determine the effectiveness of filial therapy with incarcerated mothers as a method of increasing empathic behaviors with their children, increasing attitudes of acceptance toward their children, and reducing stress related to parenting. Filial therapy, a method of training parents to respond and interact therapeutically with their children, focuses on enhancing the parent-child relationship. The sample population of 22 volunteer subjects was drawn from a pool of incarcerated mothers in the Denton County Jail who had children between three and ten years of age. The experimental group parents, consisting of 12 incarcerated mothers, received 2-hour filial therapy training sessions biweekly for five weeks and participated in biweekly 30-minute play sessions with one of their children. The control group parents, consisting of 10 incarcerated mothers, received no treatment during the five weeks. The three written self-report instruments completed for pretesting and posttesting purposes by both groups were The Porter Parental Acceptance Scale, The Parenting Stress Index, and The Filial Problem Checklist. The parents were also videotaped in play sessions with their child before and after training as a means of measuring change in empathic behavior. Analysis of Covariance revealed that incarcerated mothers in the experimental group had significant change in 9 of 13 hypotheses, including (a) a significant increase in their level of empathic interactions with their children, (b) a significant increase in their attitude of acceptance toward their children, and (c) a significant reduction in the number of reported problems with their children's behavior. This study supports filial therapy as an effective intervention for enhancing the parent-child relationship with incarcerated mothers and their children. Utilizing instruction and practical application of positive therapeutic methods, filial therapy training empowers parents by increasing their parenting knowledge and skills, and indirectly empowers children who experience the parent-child relationship with an increase in unconditional acceptance and positive regard.

While research on sexual violence in India has considered victim perspectives and policy reforms, offender perspectives remain highly underrepresented in the literature. The aim of this research was to understand the underlying social mechanisms that support and maintain violence against women, and in its extreme form, rape in Indian society. For this purpose, attitudes towards women and perceptions of culpability were examined in a sample of convicted rapists and non-sex offenders from Delhi Prison (N=142). Convicted offenders filled out the short version of Attitudes Towards Women questionnaire (n=122) and also participated in-depth semi-structured interviews (n=20). Comparison of both groups of offenders did not reflect the popular belief that rapists have more traditional and conservative views towards women as no significant differences were found in the way gender was socialized. Home was the main gender socialization site and the mother was central to this process. At the same time, both groups of offenders differed with respect to their self-perceptions of offending. Rapists referred to themselves as "inmates" and non-sex offenders referred to themselves as "offenders". Non-sex offenders accepted responsibility for their actions but attempted to justify their intent whereas rapists denied responsibility and attributed blame to the victim. Rapists also used various identity-management mechanisms to reject the label of 'rapist'. Integration of offenders' gender and crime narratives led to the development of an empirical model linking traditional attitudes towards women and rapists' perceptions of culpability. As one of the first studies examining accounts of convicted rapists in India, this research has implications on policy, social reform and prison research along with contributing to the larger body of literature. The findings are discussed in light of their significance within the unique socio-cultural setup of India along with future recommendations.

Syftet med denna studie har varit att undersöka hur företrädare inom kriminalvården och socialtjänsten arbetar med barn som har en mamma på anstalt samt vad samverkan mellan myndigheterna har för funktion. Vi har valt att intervjua fyra professionella som arbetar inom kriminalvården och fyra professionella som arbetar inom socialtjänsten. Resultatet visar att myndigheternas olika lagstiftningar, utbildningar, kunskap om varandras verksamheter, uppdrag samt olika synsätt på barnperspektivet försvårar samverkan mellan myndigheterna.
The purpose of this study is to examine social services and prison services works with children who have a mother in prison, and how collaboration between the two different authorities function. We chose to interview four professional working in prisons and four professionals in the social services. The thesis results show that there often is a collision between the correctional authority and social service that both have different perspectives when it comes to children whose mothers are in prison. There are several issues to this interaction. We concluded that because of the two different legal authorities, training, knowledge of each other's activities and assignments, there are shortcomings in cooperation between authorities. The professionals are aware of the shortcomings but nobody is doing anything about it.

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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES
This research deals with the thematic relative questions to, the arrest, violence, traffic and maternity involving jailed women of the Center of Ressocialização Júlia Maranhão. For the unfolding of this study the workmanships of Brazilian authors had been used who are references in this area: Julita Lemgruber (1983); Iara Ilgenfritz and Bárbara M. To sound (2002). Soon, in this research it was necessary to articulate some agreements until it was possible to identify that to the relations imprisoned/institution; arrest/violence; canine tooth/maternity - even so of extreme relevance - does not give account to represent the feminine penitentiary Júlia given Maranhão its complexity: a convivência place, but also, of conflicts, where practical coercitive there the gifts, are legitimated for the society in general. One of the hypotheses of the study consists of the affirmation of that the question of the violence is a present element since early in the trajectory of life of these women, becoming determinative for its insertion in the life of the crime. Searching to describe the experiences of these women concerning the maternity, mainly to those involved ones in the traffic crime, it was opted to the use of interviews, with focus in the life history. From the stories of 37 interviewed mothers one evidenced that the speech on the maternity is a social construction of sort. The manifestation of the love of these mothers for its children suffers the influence from its concrete experiences while children and the relation that had been able - or not - to construct with its children before the imprisonment. The results of the study indicate that the violence cycles, gifts in the trajectory of life of the imprisoned women exert influence in the formation of its identity, making to assume that it over all has a relation between the violent standard and the practical one of crime, of the traffic crime. The study it also points the existence of a correspondence does not enter the Express in the legal and normative instruments that guide the institucional actions and the reality lived deeply for the woman-mother-female prisoner, becoming necessary the formularization and implementation of specific public politics for such reality, as form to minimize the impact that the capture provokes in the life of these women. It is concluded that a series of changes in the prisional system becomes necessary, in order to guarantee the right to the mothers to exert its maternity, in view of, over all, that the proximity with the children is factor of mental health and stimulaton in the process of social reinserção.
Esta pesquisa trata das questões relativas às temáticas, prisão, violência, tráfico e maternidade envolvendo mulheres encarceradas do Centro de Ressocialização Júlia Maranhão. Para o desdobramento desse estudo foram utilizadas as obras de autoras brasileiras que são referências nessa área: Julita Lemgruber (1983); Iara Ilgenfritz e Bárbara M. Soares (2002). Logo, nessa pesquisa foi necessário articular vários entendimentos até que fosse possível identificar que as relações presa/instituição; prisão/violência; presa/maternidade embora de extrema relevância não dão conta de representar o presídio feminino Júlia Maranhão dado a sua complexidade: um lugar de convivência, mas também, de conflitos, onde as práticas coercitivas ali presentes, são legitimadas pela sociedade em geral. Uma das hipóteses do estudo consiste na afirmação de que a questão da violência é um elemento presente desde cedo na trajetória de vida dessas mulheres, tornando-se determinante para sua inserção na vida do crime. Buscando descrever as experiências dessas mulheres acerca da maternidade, principalmente àquelas envolvidas no crime de tráfico, optou-se pela utilização de entrevistas, com foco na história de vida. A partir dos relatos de 37 mães entrevistadas constatou-se que o discurso sobre a maternidade é uma construção social de gênero. A manifestação do amor dessas mães por seus filhos sofre a influência de suas experiências concretas enquanto filhas e da relação que puderam ou não construir com seus filhos antes do encarceramento. Os resultados do estudo indicam que os ciclos de violência, presentes na trajetória de vida das mulheres presas exercem influência na formação de sua identidade, fazendo supor que há uma relação entre o padrão violento e a prática da criminalidade, sobretudo do crime de tráfico. O estudo aponta também a existência de uma não correspondência entre o expresso nos instrumentos legais e normativos que orientam as ações institucionais e a realidade vivenciada pela mulher-mãe-presa, tornando-se necessária a formulação e implementação de políticas públicas específicas para tal realidade, como forma de minimizar o impacto que o aprisionamento provoca na vida dessas mulheres. Conclui-se que se faz necessário uma série de mudanças no sistema prisional, de modo a garantir o direito às mães de exercerem sua maternidade, tendo em vista, sobretudo, que a proximidade com os filhos é fator de saúde mental e estímulo no processo de reinserção social.

Synen på vad som är bäst för barnet då modern sitter på anstalt har förändrats. Det har visat sig att det bästa för barnet i många fall är att stanna hos sin moder trots fängelsevistelse, snarare än att separeras och placeras i fosterhem vilket tidigare varit den rådande uppfattningen. Mitt förslag är ett ställningstagande i en nu rådande het debatt.

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Introduction: The number of children and adolescents with mothers in prison is increasing and has been demanding debates among researchers, public representatives, non-governmental organizations (NGOs) and society in general, with a view to planning actions to minimize the negative impacts of the prison system, on the health and psychological development of the child / adolescent. The overall objective: of the study was to construct a video technology material to present the experience of motherhood to women prisoners in a closed regime and, as a result, to promote the debate about the reality of the mother-child relationship in the prison context. Method: the research had an exploratory and transversal design with a qualitative approach. Fifteen women were arrested in a closed regime. There were 13 individual semi-structured interviews and 3 focus groups. Data collection took place in a regional mixed prison in the period between April and July 2017. The data were transcribed and submitted to the content analysis proposed by Bardin. For the production of the documentary, the images were collected during an action carried out by Projeto Inspira, in its 5th edition. This action occurred on November 10, 2017 with 12 distressed mothers of the Regional Prison of Santa Maria, four of them recorded testimonials for the documentary. They were encouraged to talk about their experience from the following question: What is the experience of being a parent of children in the childhood / adolescence phase and being stuck? In addition to the inmates participated in the documentary: a caregiver grandmother and professionals involved in the issue. After being videotaped, the content was edited through the process of visualization and decupagem. Results: the results of this research reveal that mothers' experiences are permeated by feelings of their children's homesickness, blame for being wrong, shame before them for the prison situation. The mothers of this study were aware of the damage caused by the crime and, consequently, their arrest in the children's lives. It was found that maternity in the prison system is also hampered by the precariousness of the interpersonal relationships established during the execution of the sentence. The final product: of this study is the production of a documentary titled: A hug without grids: real stories of women prisoners and their children. Endings considerations: mothers in prison are deprived and fragile, deprived of power, voice and self-esteem to exercise parenthood. It adds up the lack of coexistence and the mother-child bond is threatened. In this way, improvements in the prison environment are suggested that allow for the assiduity and the quality of the interaction during the visits and, with this, the maintenance and strengthening of the mother-child bond, considering the evidence of a scenario of double helplessness, in which mothers and children are deprived of coexistence and reciprocal affection.
Introdução: O número de crianças e adolescentes com mães presas é crescente e vem demandando debates entre pesquisadores, representantes públicos, organizações não governamentais (ONGs) e a sociedade em geral, com vistas ao planejamento de ações destinados a minimizar os impactos negativos do sistema prisional, na saúde e no desenvolvimento psicológico da criança/adolescente. O objetivo geral: do estudo foi construir um material tecnológico em vídeo sobre a vivência da maternidade para mulheres presas em regime fechado. Método: a pesquisa teve um delineamento exploratório e transversal com abordagem qualitativa. Participaram 15 mulheres presas em regime fechado. Foram realizadas 13 entrevistas semiestruturadas individuais e 3 grupos focais. A coleta de dados ocorreu em um presídio misto regional no período entre abril e julho de 2017. Os dados foram transcritos e submetidos à análise de conteúdo proposta por Bardin. Para a produção do documentário, as imagens foram coletadas durante uma ação realizada pelo Projeto Inspira, em sua 5ª edição. A referida ação ocorreu no dia 10 de novembro de 2017 com 12 mães apenadas do Presídio Regional de Santa Maria, 4 delas gravaram depoimentos para o documentário. Elas foram estimuladas a falar sobre sua experiência a partir da seguinte questão: Como é a experiência de ser mãe de filhos na fase da infância/adolescência e estar presa? Além das detentas, participaram do documentário: uma avó cuidadora e profissionais envolvidos na temática. Depois de gravado em vídeo, o conteúdo foi editado através do processo de visionagem e decupagem. Resultados: os resultados desta pesquisa revelam que as vivências das mães são permeadas por sentimentos de saudades dos filhos, culpa por terem errado, vergonha diante deles pela situação prisional. As mães deste estudo mostraram ter consciência sobre os danos causados pelo crime e, consequentemente, pela prisão delas na vida dos filhos. Constatou-se que a maternidade no sistema prisional é dificultada, também, pela precariedade das relações interpessoais estabelecidas durante o cumprimento da pena. O produto final: deste estudo foi a produção de um documentário intitulado: Um abraço sem grades: histórias reais de mulheres presas e seus filhos. Considerações finais: as mães presas encontram-se carentes e fragilizadas, desprovidas de poder, voz e autoestima para exercer a parentalidade. Soma-se a falta de convivência e o vínculo mãe-filho(a) fica ameaçado. Assim sugere-se melhorias no ambiente prisional que propicie a assiduidade e a qualidade da interação durante as visitas e, com isso, a manutenção e o fortalecimento do vínculo mãe-filhos, considerando a evidência de um cenário de duplo desamparo, no qual mães e filhos estão privados de convivência e afeto recíproco.

Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro
A partir de um estudo etnográfico, pretendemos investigar as representações sobre a gravidez e a maternidade em mulheres que são mães durante o cumprimento da pena na Penitenciária Talavera Bruce, no Rio de Janeiro. Estas mães, que convivem com seus filhos durante seis meses, têm os vínculos interrompidos após o período de amamentação. Todavia, os presídios não são designados para propiciar o vínculo familiar, pois, se pensarmos as prisões como instituições cujas práticas ocorrem à margem da lei e, mais do que isso, que geram atributos estigmatizantes aos sentenciados, é evidente que a presença dessas crianças produz um conflito entre o direito das mesmas ao convívio familiar e as funções punitivas das prisões.
Starting from an ethnographic study, we intend to investigate the maternity of women who become mothers during their confinement to serve their prison sentences in Talavera Bruce Penitentiary in Rio de Janeiro. These mothers, who live together with their children for only six months, have their intimate and affective links broken up after the breast-feeding period. Nevertheless penitentiaries arent designated to provide familiar vinculum, as, if we think prisons like an institution where lawless practices happen, and what is more, if these prisons are places where condemned people are looked at with stigmatizing attributes, its clear that the presence of these children brings about a conflict between their right to familiar relationship and the prison punitive functions.

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A partir dos anos 1990, cresce o número de mulheres encarceradas no mundo todo, especialmente em idade reprodutiva. Isso remete-nos a um olhar mais atento sobre direitos sexuais e reprodutivos, com destaque à maternidade e à maternagem nesse período de privação de liberdade. Tendo como cenário o Conjunto Penal feminino – Complexo Penitenciário Lemos Brito, Salvador – BA, o presente trabalho tem como objetivo a problematização das possibilidades e obstáculos existentes na constituição da maternagem no ambiente prisional e, em como este ambiente pode influenciar no desenvolvimento de bebês. O recorte temporal se dá no Tempo Presente, levando-se em consideração os anos de 2016 e 2017 e a condição de mulheres adultas presas em cumprimento de pena. Recorre-se ao diálogo entre autores das áreas da Psicanálise, Filosofia, Sociologia e Direito, tais como Àries, Badinter, Freud, Foucault, Salla e Winnicott, para possibilitar a compreensão acerca da lógica interna própria do sistema carcerário, assim como a ineficiência do Estado em exercer o controle social sobre o cotidiano prisional, as violações de Direitos Humanos, as violências sobrepostas e as faces da maternagem e criação de vínculos neste ambiente. Considera-se como pressuposto que a maternagem não se restringe a um evento biológico, onde o/a bebê precisa de mais que apenas um seio para se desenvolver e constituir-se como unidade. Ao ser ainda inserida uma situação de contexto em ambiente prisional, a maternagem pode integrar ações com/sem potencial socializador e de projeto de vida. Toma-se, nesse sentido, os referenciais da Psicanálise através das teorias de Freud e Winnicott. Através de um estudo comparativo de natureza epistêmica, a ideia central consiste em manejar ferramentas para compreensão do lugar/função desempenhado pela família na constituição do sujeito. Como resultados indicam-se urgências em entrelaçar agendas, políticas públicas e proteção integral à infância e às mulheres – somente privadas de liberdade – através de direitos e integralidade da promoção social, de acesso à cidadania e aos vínculos materno-infantis.
Since the 1990s, the number of women incarcerated worldwide has increased, especially at reproductive age. This brings us to a closer look at sexual and reproductive rights, with emphasis on maternity and mothering in this period of deprivation of liberty. Based on the scenario of the Female criminal set of the complex penitentiary Lemos Brito in Salvador - BA. The purpose of this work is to analyze the possibilities and obstacles that exist in childcare in the prison environment and how this environment can influence the development of babies. The temporal cut occurs in the present time, taking into account the years 2016 and 2017 and the condition of prisoners in fulfillment of sentence. It is used the dialogue between authors of Psychoanalysis, Philosophy, Sociology and Law, such as Aries, Badinter, Freud, Foucault, Salla and Winnicott, in order to understand the internal logic of the prison system, as well as the inefficiency of the State in exercising social control over prison daily life, violations of human rights, overlapping violences and mothering’ faces and creating links in this environment. It is assumed that maternity is not restricted to a biological event, where the baby needs are more than just one breast to develop and to constitute itself as a unit. Moreover, we must also integrate a context situation in the prison environment, the mothering can/ can not integrate actions with socializing potential and life project. In this sense, the referents of Psychoanalysis are taken through the theories of Freud and Winnicott. Through a comparative study of epistemic nature, the central idea is to manage tools for understanding the place / function played by the family in the constitution of the subject. As a result, there is an urgent need to interweave public agendas, policies and comprehensive protection of children and women - only deprived of their freedom - throughout rights and integral social promotion, access to citizenship and protecting maternal and child bonds.

Dissertação de Mestrado em Psicocriminologia apresentada ao ISPA - Instituto Universitário
A maternidade em contexto prisional é uma área que preocupa cada vez mais investigadores e onde existem poucos estudos disponíveis, que permitam perceber o efeito do contexto do encarceramento nas práticas educativas utilizadas pela mãe. A presente proposta visa efectuar um estudo comparativo de mães-reclusas, mães ex-reclusas e mães que nunca passaram pela experiência da reclusão, com o objectivo de avaliar a influência do contexto prisional. Pretende-se assim estudar as práticas educativas parentais utilizadas no comportamento interactivo das mães com os seus filhos, tendo em conta os factores pessoais que podem interferir nesta relação e a adequação das externalizações realizadas pelas crianças. Utilizarse- á o método de observação directa não-participante e grelhas de observação em que serão registados os comportamentos observados na díade durante a respectiva interacção, em situação de jogo livre. Espera-se que com base nas hipóteses formuladas, os resultados do estudo validem o contexto teórico e permitam um adequado mapeamento das práticas educativas parentais com os estilos parentais associados. Os resultados obtidos poderiam ser utilizados na melhoria e adequação das condições, regras e rotinas de encarceramento das mães e respectivos filhos.
ABSTRACT: Motherhood in the prison context is an area that increasingly worries researchers and where few studies are available, that allow to understand the effect of the context of incarceration in the parenting practices used by the mother. This proposal aims to make a comparative study of prisoners- mothers, ex-prisoners mothers and mothers who never had the experience of imprisonment, with the objective of evaluating the influence of the prison context. We aim to study the parenting practices used in the interactive behavior of mothers and their children, taking into account personal factors that may affect this relationship and appropriateness of the externalizations performed by children. The method of non participant direct observation will be used along with observation grids where the observed behaviors in the dyad during their interaction in free play, will be recorded. It is expected that based on the hypotheses presented, the results of this study will validate the theoretical context and allow a proper mapping of parenting practices associated with parenting styles. The expected results could be used in the improvement and adjustment of conditions, rules and routines of imprisonment of mothers and their children.

The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of parenting training on the acquisition of parenting skills and its impact on self-esteem of incarcerated mothers. The program under study is the "Mothers Inside Loving Kids" (M.I.L.K.) program, which is a holistic training/visitation program designed for incarcerated mothers.Study participants included 40 volunteer incarcerated mothers at the Virginia Correctional Center for women. The treatment group consisted of 20 participants who were already involved in the "M.I.L.K." program. The comparison group was made up of 20 mothers who were on the waiting list for the program due to the lack of space. All participants were administered a battery of pre-tests and post-tests. Instruments utilized for the study included the Adult-Adolescent Parenting Inventory (AAPI), the Nurturing Quiz, the Index of Self Esteem (ISE), and a participant satisfaction survey.Bivariate analyses were used to test the difference between pre-test and post-test mean scores. Both parametric and non-parametric tests were conducted to determine if change scores revealed significant differences. Using independent t-tests to determine if there were significant differences between treatment and comparison groups on change scores, no significant differences were noted. However, in reviewing the direction of change scores for the two groups, the treatment group did show changes in the desired direction in four areas. Specifically, positive directional change occurred on the "Lack of Empathy for the Child" sub-scale, the "Belief in Corporal Punishment" sub-scale, the "Reversing Family Roles" sub-scale, and on the "Nurturing Quiz."Using the Wilcoxon non-parametric test, one measure revealed statistically significant differences between pre-test and post-test scores. Specifically, participants in the treatment group revealed significantly higher scores on the "Nurturing Quiz" at post-testing from pre-testing (z = -2.81, p = .005). This indicates an overall increase in knowledge about positive child management techniques. No significant pre-test to post-test differences were noted in any of the remaining areas under study. However, positive directional change scores were noted in the three different areas of "Inappropriate Expectations of the Child", "Nurturing", and "Self-Esteem."Overall, the findings suggest that the M.I.L.K. Program training positively impacts parenting techniques. Self-esteem appears more difficult to impact.

A qualitative study of the experiences and observations of 4 art therapists and 2 program directors who facilitated Camp Suzanne, a week-long art-based therapeutic program for incarcerated mothers and their children in a federal prison in California. Research on psychotherapy, art therapy, and family therapy in prison environments, with a focus on parent-child dyads, Attachment Theory, and various techniques for creating sustainable therapy with separated family units, including tele-mental health and evidence-based military protocols, informed the interviews. The research participants were interviewed individually and created art regarding the subjects of Attachment Theory with incarcerated-mother-child dyads and longevity considerations for the program. Emergent themes in the data included the impact of art-making on attachment and a variety of observable attachment styles, as well as obstacles to both attachment and longevity of Camp Suzanne. Some of the obstacles addressed include systemic challenges, continuity of care, location concerns, external support (for facilitators and for incarcerated-mother-child dyads), as well as preparatory support (psychoeducation). Various implications of these obstacles are discussed.

As mulheres estiveram durante muito tempo ausentes no estudo da criminalidade, a nível nacional e internacional (Matos, 2008). É também à figura feminina que se atribui maior responsabilidade no incremento de cidadãos estrangeiros no sistema jurídico e prisional (Moreira, 2006). Perante a reclusão feminina, o exercício da parentalidade por mulheres reclusas continua invisível (Granja, Cunha & Machado, 2013), existindo poucos estudos que se debrucem sobre o efeito da reclusão nas mães (Shamai & Kochal, 2008). O presente estudo tem como objetivo perceber como é que as mulheres vivenciam a maternidade em contexto de reclusão, qual o impacto da maternidade na adaptação a esse contexto e o impacto da reclusão na maternidade e se é sentido ou não de igual forma por reclusas nacionais e estrangeiras. Para tal, foram entrevistadas quatro reclusas mães, duas portuguesas e duas estrangeiras, com filhos dentro e fora do Estabelecimento Prisional, com recurso a um guião de entrevista semiestruturado. A partir da análise qualitativa dos discursos das quatro entrevistadas foi possível concluir que os filhos são a figura central. Para as reclusas estrangeiras contribuem para atenuar o choque à reclusão e, consequentemente facilitar a sua adaptação a este contexto, pois constituem na maioria das vezes o único apoio. Para as reclusas portuguesas e, dado que estas têm importantes figuras de suporte, como família e amigos, esta centralização resulta da necessidade de manutenção do vínculo materno e de sentimentos de culpabilidade.
National and international literature is scarce regarding women criminality (Matos, 2008). According to Moreira (2006) the number of foreign women has been increasing in the law and prisoner Portuguese system. Nevertheless, there are few studies about the effects of prison on mothers (Shamai & Kochal, 2008; Granja, Cunha & Machado, 2013b). The aim of this study is to understand how women live the maternity when they are in prison, what is the impact of maternity in the adaptation to that context. Is it lived the same way by national or foreign women? For that purpose, four in-depth interviews were carried out to two Portuguese and two foreign women that have children inside and outside the prison. These interviews were pursued according to a previously defined semi-structured interview protocol. Qualitative analysis was developed and it was concluded that children are central to these women especially to foreign women for whom they are the only support. For Portuguese women this support is given by family and friends so children are central to maintain the maternal links and feelings of resent and guilt.

碩士
靜宜大學
社會工作與兒童少年福利學系
100
Bring children into the prison is the measure of government provide incarcerated mother to solve child care problem when they get into the prison sentence. Law of Execution in Prison and Detention Act reveal the right and obligation with female inmates to be caring for their children definitely. The research purpose of this thesis is based on the relevant provisions of the low is to discuss what is the best way, and what is the most important thing for these children by the view of the children best interests. As we all know, in recent years, to face the aging and declining birthrate problem, child welfare and child protection have received considerable attention for the children living in remotes corner of the community. Because of the special growth environment, their rights would often face the danger of being overlooked. With the understanding of the female inmates who would carry their children into the prison in order to describe the current status of policy implementation, to understand the practical problems, try to find a solution, and provide suggests. This study is promoted by qualitative research methods and to use the skill of depth interviews for data collection. There were the total of five female inmates were interviewed in this thesis. Finally, the study results expect to offer suggestions to social welfare departments and they should play an active role in intervention. The prisons would need to hire more professional social workers to provide a complete assessment and placement services with private resources in order to seek alternative services to add lack of parenting ability criminal parents, established resources network of public and private sector to improve social welfare services resources which can be close to develop a social welfare services awareness of correction officers. Key words: Investigation into the prison、Child's best interests、High-risk families、Bring children into the prison

Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI)
This study explored the perspectives of Black mothers and daughters as they contemplated how two institutions ---schools and prisons/jails -- influenced their relationship with one another. As the incarceration rates for Black females increase in the U.S., examinations of these perspectives can produce insights about the impacts of schools and jails/prisons on the lives of these girls and women, and more pointedly, about the perceived contributions of racist and misogynistic forces on the Black mother-Black daughter relationship. Three pairs of mother-daughter dyads were selected and interviewed for the study. The daughters were Black middle school-aged girls between the ages 10 and 14, and the mothers were of varying ages. Two specific research questions centered on: (1) the participants’ perceptions of how these institutions have had an influence mother and daughter relationships, and (2) how they dealt with problems they faced either separately or together that were associated with school (for both participants in the dyad) and/or that resulted from the jail/prison experience (for the mother). Interviews were analyzed using phenomenological research methods and metaanalyzed from a critical feminist framework. Findings show that both mother and daughter have been resourceful in maintaining strong ties despite the array of forces that challenged these unions. Participants from both sides of these mothers and daughters dyads expressed how mothers’ parenting styles, lifestyle decisions, and self-perceptions were effected by the institutions of schooling and criminal justice. Although the findings of the study offered a glimpse of participants’ perspectives on racism and sexism as forces that influenced their experiences, the relationship issues between them were most prevalent. Further research is recommended to uncover more of the intricacies of sexism and racism as they relate to relationships and personal issues of Black, formerly incarcerated mothers and their pre-teen and teenaged daughters.

Dissertação de Mestrado apresentada ao ISPA - Instituto Universitário
O presente estudo tem como tema “A Experiência de Ser Mãe na Prisão”, sendo o seu principal objetivo descrever e compreender a experiência subjetiva das mães que desempenham o seu papel maternal num contexto prisional. A metodologia aplicada neste estudo insere-se na utilização do Método Fenomenológico de Amadeo Giorgi, com o intuito de estudar os fenómenos intencionais vividos pelos diferentes indivíduos e alcançar uma descrição final com os constituintes essenciais e invariáveis desta experiência subjetiva. A amostra é constituída por quatro mães reclusas, com idades compreendidas entre os 26 e 37 anos, que se encontram a cumprir pena de prisão no pavilhão “Casa das Mães” do Estabelecimento Prisional de Tires, e que têm os seus filhos, com idades compreendidas entre 1 e 3 anos, a viver consigo na prisão. Os resultados do presente estudo indicam que a experiência de ser mãe em contexto prisional envolve uma diversidade de sentimentos e cognições, alguns negativos, tais como a perceção das dificuldades, a impotência/frustração, a vulnerabilidade psicológica e o arrependimento/culpabilidade, e outros positivos, tais como a proteção/sentimento pessoal de capacidade para desenvolver o papel de mãe, o suporte familiar, a satisfação face ao estabelecimento prisional e o crescimento pessoal/efeito suavizante da experiência prisional.
ABSTRACT: This study has the theme "The Experience of Motherhood in Prison", and its main goal is to describe and understand the subjective experience of mothers who play a maternal role in a prison context. The methodology applied in this study falls under the use of the Phenomenological Method of Amadeo Giorgi, with the intention of studying the deliberate events experienced by different individuals and achieving a final description with the essential and invariable constituents of this subjective experience. The sample is made up of four female inmates and mothers, between the ages of 26 and 37, who are serving a sentence in the pavilion called "House of Mothers" in the Prison of Tires, and have their children, aged between 1 and 3 years old, living with them. The results of this study indicate that the experience of being a mother in a prison context involves a variety of feelings and cognitions some of which are negative, such as the perception of the difficulties, impotence/frustration, psychological vulnerability and regret/guilt, and other positive, such as protection and personal feeling of ability to develop the role of mother, family support and overall satisfaction with the Prison and personal growth/soothing effect of the prison experience.