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Pease, Alison. "A computational model of Lakatos-style reasoning." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/2113.
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Lakatos outlined a theory of mathematical discovery and justification, which suggests ways in which concepts, conjectures and proofs gradually evolve via interaction between mathematicians. Different mathematicians may have different interpretations of a conjecture, examples or counterexamples of it, and beliefs regarding its value or theoremhood. Through discussion, concepts are refined and conjectures and proofs modified. We hypothesise that: (i) it is possible to computationally represent Lakatos's theory, and (ii) it is useful to do so. In order to test our hypotheses we have developed a computational model of his theory. Our model is a multiagent dialogue system. Each agent has a copy of a pre-existing theory formation system, which can form concepts and make conjectures which empirically hold for the objects of interest supplied. Distributing the objects of interest between agents means that they form different theories, which they communicate to each other. Agents then find counterexamples and use methods identified by Lakatos to suggest modifications to conjectures, concept definitions and proofs. Our main aim is to provide a computational reading of Lakatos's theory, by interpreting it as a series of algorithms and implementing these algorithms as a computer program. This is the first systematic automated realisation of Lakatos's theory. We contribute to the computational philosophy of science by interpreting, clarifying and extending his theory. We also contribute by evaluating his theory, using our model to test hypotheses about it, and evaluating our extended computational theory on the basis of criteria proposed by several theorists. A further contribution is to automated theory formation and automated theorem proving. The process of refining conjectures, proofs and concept definitions requires a flexibility which is inherently useful in fields which handle ill-specified problems, such as theory formation. Similarly, the ability to automatically modify an open conjecture into one which can be proved, is a valuable contribution to automated theorem proving.
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Martens, Rhonda M. "Kepler's archetypes in discovery and justification." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/nq28506.pdf.
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Marquis, Jean-Pierre. "On the justification of mathematical intuitionism." Thesis, McGill University, 1985. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=63350.
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Laurent, Sofie. "The mathematical justification of the Leontief and Sraffa input-output systems." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Analys och sannolikhetsteori, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-374184.
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Stoyle, Keri L. "SUPPORTING MATHEMATICAL EXPLANATION, JUSTIFICATION, AND ARGUMENTATION, THROUGH MULTIMEDIA: A QUANTITATIVE STUDY OF STUDENT PERFORMANCE." Kent State University / OhioLINK, 2016. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=kent1460722361.
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Jin, Zengxiang, and 金增祥. "Price discovery in the property forward and spot markets." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2007. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B38957759.
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Norén, G. Niklas. "Statistical methods for knowledge discovery in adverse drug reaction surveillance." Doctoral thesis, Stockholm University, Department of Mathematics, 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-6764.
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Collections of individual case safety reports are the main resource for early discovery of unknown adverse reactions to drugs once they have been introduced to the general public. The data sets involved are complex and based on voluntary submission of reports, but contain pieces of very important information. The aim of this thesis is to propose computationally feasible statistical methods for large-scale knowledge discovery in these data sets. The main contributions are a duplicate detection method that can reliably identify pairs of unexpectedly similar reports and a new measure for highlighting suspected drug-drug interaction.
Specifically, we extend the hit-miss model for database record matching with a hit-miss mixture model for scoring numerical record fields and a new method to compensate for strong record field correlations. The extended hit-miss model is implemented for the WHO database and demonstrated to be useful in real world duplicate detection, despite the noisy and incomplete information on individual case safety reports. The Information Component measure of disproportionality has been in routine use since 1998 to screen the WHO database for excessive adverse drug reaction reporting rates. Here, it is further refined. We introduce improved credibility intervals for rare events, post-stratification adjustment for suspected confounders and an extension to higher order associations that allows for simple but robust screening for potential risk factors. A new approach to identifying reporting patterns indicative of drug-drug interaction is also proposed. Finally, we describe how imprecision estimates specific to each prediction of a Bayes classifier may be obtained with the Bayesian bootstrap. Such case-based imprecision estimates allow for better prediction when different types of errors have different associated loss, with a possible application in combining quantitative and clinical filters to highlight drug-ADR pairs for clinical review.
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Ramsey, Joseph Daniel. "Expertise and mixture in automatic causal discovery /." Diss., Connect to a 24 p. preview or request complete full text in PDF format. Access restricted to UC campuses, 2001. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/ucsd/fullcit?p3022219.
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Viswanathan, Murlikrishna. "Towards robust discovery systems." Monash University, School of Computer Science and Software Engineering, 2003. http://arrow.monash.edu.au/hdl/1959.1/9397.
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Melanson, William Jason. "Justified existential belief an investigation of the justifiability of believing in the existence of abstract mathematical objects /." Columbus, Ohio : Ohio State University, 2006. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1140465070.
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Gross, Marco Eugênio. "Probabilidade no modelo do juízo de fato e a sua influência no discurso justificativo da decisão judicial." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/129517.
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A presente tese analisa a maneira como a probabilidade influencia a formação da decisão sobre os fatos (contexto de descobrimento), bem como a motivação acerca dessas decisões (contexto justificativo). Mediante prévia análise da relevância da verdade no processo judicial, demonstra-se também que no terreno processual somente é possível falar em probabilidade, o que implica a ideia de um modelo probabilístico do juízo de fato, cujo núcleo é o módulo da escolha entre as alternativas possíveis. Portanto, são oferecidos critérios para a escolha das alternativas, os quais são denominados como diretrizes probatórias. De outro lado, a fim de que o convencimento do juiz a respeito dos fatos seja o mais racional possível, também é examinada a obrigatoriedade da motivação das decisões judiciais. Para tanto, é realizada abordagem à luz do Estado Constitucional e, ao final, demonstra-se que a probabilidade igualmente conforma o contexto justificativo, pois faz com que a motivação seja um discurso probatório racional.This thesis examines how probability influences the fact-finding process (context of discovery) and the motivation about the trial of facts (context of justification). Considering the analysis of the relevance of truth in the judicial process, also in the procedural field only probability is taken into account, which implies the idea of a probabilistic model of factual judgment, whose core is the module of choice among the possible alternatives. Therefore, guidelines are offered for the choice of alternatives, which are called as evidentiary guidelines. On the other hand, in order to achieve the most rational conviction of the trier, mandatory legal motivation is also examined. The approach focuses on the Constitutional State and, in the end, is shown that the probability also conforms the context of justification, in order to make the legal motivation as a rational evidence speech.
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Nijjar, Paul. "An Attempt to Automate NP-Hardness Reductions via SO∃ Logic." Thesis, University of Waterloo, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10012/1162.
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We explore the possibility of automating NP-hardness reductions. We motivate the problem from an artificial intelligence perspective, then propose the use of second-order existential (SO∃) logic as representation language for decision problems. Building upon the theoretical framework of J. Antonio Medina, we explore the possibility of implementing seven syntactic operators. Each operator transforms SO∃ sentences in a way that preserves NP-completeness. We subsequently propose a program which implements these operators. We discuss a number of theoretical and practical barriers to this task. We prove that determining whether two SO∃ sentences are equivalent is as hard as GRAPH ISOMORPHISM, and prove that determining whether an arbitrary SO∃ sentence represents an NP-complete problem is undecidable.
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Shao, Haimei. "Price discovery in the U.S. bond market trading strategies and the cost of liquidity." Doctoral diss., University of Central Florida, 2011. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETD/id/5032.
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The world bond market is nearly twice as large as the equity market. The goal of this dissertation is to study the dynamics of bond price. Among the liquidity risk, interest rate risk and default risk, this dissertation will focus on the liquidity risk and trading strategy. Under the mathematical frame of stochastic control, we model price setting in U.S. bond markets where dealers have multiple instruments to smooth inventory imbalances. The difficulty in obtaining the optimal trading strategy is that the optimal strategy and value function depend on each other, and the corresponding HJB equation is nonlinear. To solve this problem, we derived an approximate optimal explicit trading strategy. The result shows that this trading strategy is better than the benchmark central symmetric trading strategy.ID: 029809224; System requirements: World Wide Web browser and PDF reader.; Mode of access: World Wide Web.; Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Central Florida, 2011.; Includes bibliographical references (p. 101-103).
Ph.D.
Doctorate
Mathematics
Sciences
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Schneider, Patrick [Verfasser], Reinhold [Akademischer Betreuer] Kienzler, and Holm [Akademischer Betreuer] Altenbach. "On the mathematical justification of the consistent-approximation approach and the derivation of a shear-correction-factor free refined beam theory / Patrick Schneider. Gutachter: Reinhold Kienzler ; Holm Altenbach. Betreuer: Reinhold Kienzler." Bremen : Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Bremen, 2015. http://d-nb.info/1072304295/34.
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Silva, Marisa do Carmo Alves da. "A utilização da tecnologia na sala de aula como instrumento de visualização e algebrização dos objetos matemáticos." Master's thesis, Universidade de Évora, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10174/18554.
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No presente relatório da Prática de Ensino Supervisionada são referidas opções de ensino, procedimentos e reações dos alunos ao processo de ensino. É dada uma grande ênfase ao ambiente de aprendizagem baseado na tecnologia e suportado por uma comunidade de aprendizagem, que tem lugar na própria sala de aula ou na sala de informática. A tecnologia é assumida como um recurso constante na maior parte das aulas através do recurso a tarefas escolhidas intencionalmente tendo em vista a possibilidade de introdução da tecnologia na sua resolução. Esta implementação assumiu várias formas, tais como a exploração de calculadoras, a manipulação do GeoGebra ou simplesmente através da apresentação de ficheiros acabados, o que constitui uma forma de obter uma boa visualização dos objetos matemáticos. A aplicação dos recursos tecnológicos foi progressivamente tornada mais intensiva, atingindo o seu culminar no Projeto de Estágio, designação atribuída a duas aulas concebidas explicitamente para a exploração da temática: “Estabelecimento de um Paralelismo entre a Geometria Tridimensional Dinâmica e as Funções”; Abstract:
The Use of Technology in the Classroom as an Instrument of Visualization and Algebrization of the Mathematical Objects
In this paper we refer to teaching options, procedures, and to students’ reactions to the teaching processes. We give a lot of reinforcement in the learning environment based on technology and supported by a community of learners, which take place in their own classroom or in the Informatics Class. Technology is assumed as a constant resource in most part of the classes through the intentional tasks’ choosing taking into account the possibility of technology introduction in their resolution. This implementation has assumed several forms, like calculators’ exploration, GeoGebra manipulation or simply by presenting finished files, which is a way of getting a great visualization of mathematical objects. The technological resources’ application turned itself progressively more intensive, presenting its center point on Practice Project, name who was gave to two classes conceived explicitly for the thematic exploration: “The establishment of a parallelism between Dynamic Tridimensional Geometry and the Functions”.
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Silva, Gilson Olegario da. "SOBRE ESTRUTURAS LINGUÍSTICAS E PARADIGMAS: AS RELEITURAS RECENTES DE CARNAP E KUHN." Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 2013. http://repositorio.ufsm.br/handle/1/9122.
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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superiore recent literature in philosophy of science has been reassessing the positivist legacy. One of the items on the agenda is the alleged opposition between the theses put forth by positivists such as Carnap and the so-called post-positivists , such as Kuhn. Although the laer came to be viewed as a critic of several important positivist theses, more recent authors such as Friedman, Reisch, Earman, Irzik and Grünberg, maintain that several of the most characteristic theses of the Kuhnian view of science were already present in Carnap s philosophy. Against this kind of reading, authors such as Oliveira and Psillos argue that within Carnap s philosophy there is no place for Kuhnian theses like incommensurability, holism or the theoryladenness of observations. e first article of this dissertation presents the reasons for each of those readings and assesses them having in view the perspectives from which they are offered. It argues that it is possible to show that some aspects of Kuhn s thesis have a counterpart in the works of Carnap, although those theses vary in importance for Carnap and Kuhn. e second article presents aspects that can be seen as antagonistic in the two views, namely, the conceptions that relate to that distinction made famous by Reichenbach between contexts of discovery and justification.
A literatura recente em filosofia da ciência vêm reavaliando o legado positivista. Um dos itens dessa reavaliação é a suposta oposição entre as teses defendidas por positivistas como Carnap e os chamados pós-positivistas , como Kuhn. Embora este último tenha sido percebido como um crítico de diversas teses positivistas importantes, autores mais recentes como Friedman, Reisch, Earman, Irzik e Grünberg, sustentam que várias das teses mais características da concepção kuhniana da ciência já estariam presentes na filosofia positivista. Contra esse tipo de leitura, autores como Oliveira e Psillos argumentam que não há na filosofia de Carnap e outros positivistas lugar para teses como a da incomensurabilidade, do holismo ou da impregnação teórica das observações, características das concepções kuhnianas. O primeiro artigo desta dissertação apresenta as razões para cada uma dessas leituras e avalia cada uma tendo em vista a perspectiva a partir da qual elas são oferecidas. Defende que é possível mostrar que algumas teses kuhnianas têm uma contraparte já nos trabalhos de Carnap, muito embora tais teses ocupem posições e importâncias diferenciadas em Carnap e Kuhn. O segundo artigo apresenta aspectos que podem ser vistos como antagônicos nas filosofias de ambos, a saber, as concepções que dizem respeito àquela distinção feita famosa por Reichenbach entre contextos de descoberta e justificação.
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Ahmad, Abdul-Rahim. "An Intelligent Expert System for Decision Analysis and Support in Multi-Attribute Layout Optimization." Thesis, University of Waterloo, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10012/785.
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Layout Decision Analysis and Design is a ubiquitous problem in a variety of work domains that is important from both strategic and operational perspectives. It is largely a complex, vague, difficult, and ill-structured problem that requires intelligent and sophisticated decision analysis and design support. Inadequate information availability, combinatorial complexity, subjective and uncertain preferences, and cognitive biases of decision makers often hamper the procurement of a superior layout configuration. Consequently, it is desirable to develop an intelligent decision support system for layout design that could deal with such challenging issues by providing efficient and effective means of generating, analyzing, enumerating, ranking, and manipulating superior alternative layouts.
We present a research framework and a functional prototype for an interactive Intelligent System for Decision Support and Expert Analysis in Multi-Attribute Layout Optimization (IDEAL) based on soft computing tools. A fundamental issue in layout design is efficient production of superior alternatives through the incorporation of subjective and uncertain design preferences. Consequently, we have developed an efficient and Intelligent Layout Design Generator (ILG) using a generic two-dimensional bin-packing formulation that utilizes multiple preference weights furnished by a fuzzy Preference Inferencing Agent (PIA). The sub-cognitive, intuitive, multi-facet, and dynamic nature of design preferences indicates that an automated Preference Discovery Agent (PDA) could be an important component of such a system. A user-friendly, interactive, and effective User Interface is deemed critical for the success of the system. The effectiveness of the proposed solution paradigm and the implemented prototype is demonstrated through examples and cases.
This research framework and prototype contribute to the field of layout decision analysis and design by enabling explicit representation of experts? knowledge, formal modeling of fuzzy user preferences, and swift generation and manipulation of superior layout alternatives. Such efforts are expected to afford efficient procurement of superior outcomes and to facilitate cognitive, ergonomic, and economic efficiency of layout designers as well as future research in related areas.
Applications of this research are broad ranging including facilities layout design, VLSI circuit layout design, newspaper layout design, cutting and packing, adaptive user interfaces, dynamic memory allocation, multi-processor scheduling, metacomputing, etc.
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Karaderi, Tugce. "Genetics of ankylosing spondylitis." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2012. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:8c0e848a-e712-4603-b923-a96a2f1644ac.
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Ankylosing spondylitis (AS) is a common inflammatory arthritis of the spine and other affected joints, which is highly heritable, being strongly influenced by the HLA-B27 status, as well as hundreds of mostly unknown genetic variants of smaller effect. The aim of my research was to confirm some of the previously observed genetic associations and to identify new associations, many of which are in biological pathways relevant to AS pathogenesis, most notably the IL-23/TH17 axis (IL23R) and antigen presentation (ERAP1 and ERAP2). Studies presented in this thesis include replication and refinement of several potential associations initially identified by earlier GWAS (WTCCC-TASC, 2007 and TASC, 2010). I conducted an extended study of IL23R association with AS and undertook a meta-analysis, confirming the association between AS and IL23R (non-synonymous SNP rs11209026, p=1.5 x 10-9, OR=0.61). An extensive re-sequencing and fine mapping project, including a meta-analysis, to replicate and refine the association of TNFRSF1A with AS was also undertaken; a novel variant in intron 6 was identified and a weak association with a low frequency variant, rs4149584 (p=0.01, OR=1.58), was detected. Somewhat stronger associations were seen with rs4149577 (p=0.002, OR=0.91) and rs4149578 (p=0.015, OR=1.14) in the meta-analysis. Associations at several additional loci had been identified by a more recent GWAS (WTCCC2-TASC, 2011). I used in silico techniques, including imputation using a denser panel of variants from the 1000 Genomes Project, conditional analysis and rare/low frequency variant analysis, to refine these associations. Imputation analysis (1782 cases/5167 controls) revealed novel associations with ERAP2 (rs4869313, p=7.3 x 10-8, OR=0.79) and several additional candidate loci including IL6R, UBE2L3 and 2p16.3. Ten SNPs were then directly typed in an independent sample (1804 cases/1848 controls) to replicate selected associations and to determine the imputation accuracy. I established that imputation using the 1000 Genomes Project pilot data was largely reliable, specifically for common variants (genotype concordence~97%). However, more accurate imputation of low frequency variants may require larger reference populations, like the most recent 1000 Genomes reference panels. The results of my research provide a better understanding of the complex genetics of AS, and help identify future targets for genetic and functional studies.
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Chang, Chih-Ting, and 張智婷. "Learning Elementary Mathematical Concepts by Computer-Supported Inductive Discovery." Thesis, 2009. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/62339670109012789126.
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碩士國立中央大學
網路學習科技研究所
97
This study proposes “computer supported inductive discovery learning” for elementary students learning mathematical concepts. It investigates how elementary students learn mathematics by inductive discovery, instead of learning by being told, in the one-to-one classroom environment. It also explores the class teacher’s perspectives on using such learning model in the teaching practice. Inductive discovery learning indicates students discover critical concept attributes by generalizing from or comparing among a series of carefully designed examples, and then express their discovery with written language. The example design is based on Variation Theory; that is, the examples emphasize the target concept by separating it from other irrelative things so that students can discern the concept easier. The main function of computers in this study is providing immediate feedbacks to help students complete unfinished examples and concept summary. There are two phases in this study. The first phase is system preliminary test, aiming on improving the model design as well as system interface and functions. Fifty-eight fourth-graders participated in this phase, and the research methods are observation and system data analysis. The second phase examines how inductive discovery learning can help students learn. That is, under the same computer-supported learning condition, this phase examines how differently students in inductive discovery learning perform from those in common textbook-like learning—directed instruction. Fifty-four third-graders participated in this phase, and the research method is experiment. The results of the second phase illustrate that students in inductive discover learning not only have better learning performance, but also retain more knowledge after a period of time. Besides, inductive discovery learning helps students with lower initial knowledge level more than those with higher one. As for the cost-effect consideration, it is found that inductive discovery learning is more suitable for difficult concepts. Student questionnaire and interview results show that students like and engage in both kinds computer-supported learning in the second phase, and the involved teachers also give very supportive feedbacks about the idea of providing individual students digital scaffoldings in their classrooms.
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Campos, Daniel Gerardo. "The discovery of mathematical probability theory a case study in the logic of mathematical inquiry /." 2005. http://www.etda.libraries.psu.edu/theses/approved/WorldWideIndex/ETD-1043/index.html.
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"Entity discovery by exploiting contextual structures." Thesis, 2011. http://library.cuhk.edu.hk/record=b6075339.
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In text mining, being able to recognize and extract named entities, e.g. Locations, Persons, Organizations, is very useful in many applications. This is usually referred to named entity recognition (NER). This thesis presents a cascaded framework for extracting named entities from text documents. We automatically derive features on a set of documents from different feature templates. To avoid high computational cost incurred by a single-phase approach, we divide the named entity extraction task into a segmentation task and a classification task, reducing the computational cost by an order of magnitude.To handle cascaded errors that often occur in a sequence of tasks, we investigate and develop three models: maximum-entropy margin-based (MEMB) model, isomeric conditional random field (ICRF) model, and online cascaded reranking (OCR) model. MEMB model makes use of the concept of margin in maximizing log-likelihood. Parameters are trained in a way that they can maximize the "margin" between the decision boundary and the nearest training data points. ICRF model makes use of the concept of joint training. Instead of training each model independently, we design the segmentation and classification models in a way that they can be efficiently trained together under a soft constraint. OCR model is developed by using an online training method to maximize a margin without considering any probability measures, which greatly reduces the training time. It reranks all of the possible outputs from a previous stage based on a total output score. The best output with the highest total score is the final output.
We report experimental evaluations on the GENIA Corpus available from the BioNLP/NLPBA (2004) shared task and the Reuters Corpus available from the CoNLL-2003 shared tasks, which demonstrate the state-of-the-art performance achieved by the proposed models.
Chan, Shing Kit.
Advisers: Wai Lam; Kai Pui Lam.
Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 73-06, Section: B, page: .
Thesis (Ph.D.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2011.
Includes bibliographical references (leaves 126-133).
Electronic reproduction. Hong Kong : Chinese University of Hong Kong, [2012] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web.
Electronic reproduction. [Ann Arbor, MI] : ProQuest Information and Learning, [201-] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web.
Abstract also in Chinese.
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Matteson, Shirley Marie. "Middle school students' representational understandings and justification schemes: gleanings from cognitive interviews." 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-1682.
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This dissertation investigated several aspects of middle graders’ mathematical understanding based on representational models. Twenty (11 male, 9 female) sixth grade students were interviewed about their solution strategies and answer justifications when solving difficult mathematics problems. The interview participants represented a stratified demographic sampling of the student body of a culturally diverse middle school in a suburban school district in the southwestern United States.
Data from the interviews were analyzed qualitatively. This involved “chunking” cognitive interview transcripts into sections. Major themes were identified and manuscripts were developed around those themes. One theme examined the interviewers’ ethic of care behaviors. Carol Gilligan noted differences in male and female ethic of care behaviors, but it was Nel Noddings who discussed the importance of such behaviors in the educational community. So what impact could the gender of the interviewer have on cognitive interviews? After considering ethic of care behaviors explicated by Hayes, Ryan and Zseller’s (1994) study with middle grades students, the interview transcripts were examined for specific positive and negative ethic of care behaviors.
The theme of students’ justifications of mathematical solutions was also selected. The major undertaking involved developing a justification scheme applicable across mathematical strands and grade levels. The justification scheme that emerged was based on the work of Guershon Harel and Larry Sowder. The first-level schemes of Language, Mechanistic, Authoritarian, and Visual were used to classify and define the justifications. Several second-level schemes were also defined. The justification scheme framework was applied to students’ cognitive interview responses on four difficult mathematics problems.
The third theme investigated the symbiosis of justification schemes with mathematical representations. This study examined possible links between representational formats and justification scheme categories. The premise of this study was that representations “trigger” students’ choices of justification schemes. Student responses were analyzed as to which aspect of the mathematical representation received the students’ initial attention. The students’ understanding of the representation was pivotal to their solution, as well as the students’ reasoning, or justification, of the answer. Students focused on key aspects of the problem and developed solutions based on that information.
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Lee, Chun-Yi, and 李俊儀. "A computer game as a context for supporting generalization and justification in non-routine mathematical problem solving." Thesis, 2009. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/2y57uq.
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博士國立臺灣師範大學
資訊教育學系
97
The purpose of this study was to explore the effects of multiple solution methods and elaborative reflection prompts on ninth graders’ generalizations and justifications in routine and non-routine problem solving. The Frog Leaping Computer Game was used as the context and web-based learning environment was provided for supporting generalizations and justifications in routine and non-routine mathematical problem solving. A 2x2 (multiple solution methods: Multiple/Single; question prompts: elaborative Reflection/expert Problem-solving procedure) and factorial, quasi-experimental study was conducted to investigate generalizations and justifications of routine and non-routine problem solving performance. One hundred and twenty 9th graders from four classes in a public junior high school participated in the eight-week experimental instruction. These four classes were randomly assigned to the four groups (M-R, S-R, M-P, and S-P) to receive the one-hour weekly treatment. Worksheets and web-based learning materials were separately designed to record the four groups’ learning processes and thinking strategies. Based on the data analysis of this study, the main results revealed that 1. Prior knowledge and mathematics attitude could significantly predict routine problem solving performance, generalization performance, and justification performance. 2. R group outperformed P group on non-routine problem-solving performance, generalization performance and justification performance. 3. In routine problem solving, M group did not outperform S group. However, M group outperformed S group on non-routine generalization performance and justification performance. 4. Generalization and justification are closed linked. Helping students develop their powerful generalizations would aid in their abilities to construct justifications. Furthermore, a focus on justification could help students develop the subsequent, more powerful generalizations. 5. M group had more positive perceptions toward the computer tools than R group, especially in the affective scale and perceived control scale. Lastly, implications derived from these results were discussed and recommendations for both further instruction and future research were also provided.
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Aiona, Andrea M. "Learning to facilitate mathematical discourse: a sixth-grade teacher's journey of self-discovery." Thesis, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10125/20353.
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"Price discovery in Hong Kong futures markets." 2005. http://library.cuhk.edu.hk/record=b5892608.
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Choy Siu Kai.Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2005.
Includes bibliographical references (leaves 35-37).
Abstracts in English and Chinese.
Chapter Chapter 1 --- Introduction --- p.1-2
Chapter Chapter 2 --- Literature Review --- p.3-9
Chapter Chapter 3 --- An Overview of Hong Kong Security Market and Data Description --- p.10-18
Chapter Chapter 4 --- Methodology --- p.19-24
Chapter Chapter 5 --- Futures and Mini Futures Results --- p.25-28
Chapter Chapter 6 --- Index and Futures Contracts Results --- p.29-32
Chapter Chapter 7 --- Conclusion --- p.33-34
References --- p.35-37
Appendix --- p.38-40
Tables --- p.41-52
Graphs --- p.53-57
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"Pattern discovery for deciphering gene regulation based on evolutionary computation." Thesis, 2010. http://library.cuhk.edu.hk/record=b6075246.
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On TFBS motif discovery, three novel GA based algorithms are developed, namely GALF-P with focus on optimization, GALF-G for modeling, and GASMEN for spaced motifs. Novel memetic operators are introduced, namely local filtering and probabilistic refinement, to significantly improve effectiveness (e.g. 73% better than MEME) and efficiency (e.g. 4.49 times speedup) in search. The GA based algorithms have been extensively tested on comprehensive synthetic, real and benchmark datasets, and shown outstanding performances compared with state-of-the-art approaches. Our algorithms also "evolve" to handle more and more relaxed cases, namely from fixed motif widths to most flexible widths, from single motifs to multiple motifs with overlapping control, from stringent motif instance assumption to very relaxed ones, and from contiguous motifs to generic spaced motifs with arbitrary spacers.TF-TFBS associated sequence pattern (rule) discovery is further investigated for better deciphering protein-DNA interactions in regulation. We for the first time generalize previous exact TF-TFBS rules to approximate ones using a progressive approach. A customized algorithm is developed, outperforming MEME by over 73%. The approximate TF-TFBS rules, compared with the exact ones, have significantly more verified rules and better verification ratios. Detailed analysis on PDB cases and conservation verification on NCBI protein records illustrate that the approximate rules reveal the flexible and specific protein-DNA interactions with much greater generalized capability.
The comprehensive pattern discovery algorithms developed will be further verified, improved and extended to further deciphering transcriptionial regulation, such as inferring whole gene regulatory networks by applying TFBS and TF-TFBS patterns discovered and incorporating expression data.
Transcription Factor (TF) and Transcription Factor Binding Site (TFBS) bindings are fundamental protein-DNA interactions in transcriptional regulation. TFs and TFBSs are conserved to form patterns (motifs) due to their important roles for controlling gene expressions and finally affecting functions and appearances. Pattern discovery is thus important for deciphering gene regulation, which has tremendous impacts on the understanding of life, bio-engineering and therapeutic applications. This thesis contributes to pattern discovery involving TFBS motifs and TF-TFBS associated sequence patterns based on Evolutionary Computation (EC), especially Genetic Algorithms (GAs), which are promising for bioinformatics problems with huge and noisy search space.
Chan, Tak Ming.
Advisers: Kwong-Sak Leung; Kin-Hong Lee.
Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 73-03, Section: B, page: .
Thesis (Ph.D.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2010.
Includes bibliographical references (leaves 147-153).
Electronic reproduction. Hong Kong : Chinese University of Hong Kong, [2012] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web.
Electronic reproduction. [Ann Arbor, MI] : ProQuest Information and Learning, [201-] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web.
Abstract also in Chinese.
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Pileththuwasan, Gallege Lahiru Sandakith. "Design, development and experimentation of a discovery service with multi-level matching." Thesis, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1805/3695.
Full textAbstract:
Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI)The contribution of this thesis focuses on addressing the challenges of improving and integrating the UniFrame Discovery Service (URDS) and Multi-level Matching (MLM) concepts. The objective was to find enhancements for both URDS and MLM and address the need of a comprehensive discovery service which goes beyond simple attribute based matching. It presents a detailed discussion on developing an enhanced version of URDS with MLM (proURDS). After implementing proURDS, the thesis includes details of experiments with different deployments of URDS components and different configurations of MLM. The experiments and analysis were carried out using proURDS produced MLM contracts. The proURDS referred to a public dataset called QWS dataset. This dataset includes actual information of software components (i.e., web services), which were harvested from the Internet. The proURDS implements the different matching operations as independent operators at each level of matching (i.e., General, Syntactic, Semantic, Synchronization, and QoS). Finally, a case study was carried out with the deployed proURDS. The case study addresses real world component discovery requirements from the earth science domain. It uses the contracts collected from public portals which provide geographical and weather related data.
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Weldeana, Hailu Nigus. "The effect of problem based teaching and learning on the achievement of high school mathematics learners." Diss., 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/2894.
Full textAbstract:
This research project, which was modeled on the constructivist theory of acquiring knowledge, and on recent recommendations regarding classroom instruction, investigated the impact of problem-based teaching and learning (PBTL) on the performance of high school mathematics learners. The effect of an intervention programme on an experimental group of students was compared with a control group by assessing their mathematical knowledge and skills; their procedural proficiency and conceptual development on varied mathematical contents; their skills in managing and controlling learning; and their views towards their learning programmes. The results obtained indicated that the experimental group indicated a higher conceptual understanding, an improved use of procedures, a higher level of managing and controlling learning, and positive views towards the programme and interest in the fundamentals of learning mathematics. An analysis of the data obtained by the on-progress instruments employed for the experimental group also indicated improved quality of participation and reflective thinking practices.Educational Studies
M. Ed. (With specialisation in Mathematics Education)
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He, Zangdong. "Variable selection and structural discovery in joint models of longitudinal and survival data." Thesis, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1805/6365.
Full textAbstract:
Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI)Joint models of longitudinal and survival outcomes have been used with increasing frequency in clinical investigations. Correct specification of fixed and random effects, as well as their functional forms is essential for practical data analysis. However, no existing methods have been developed to meet this need in a joint model setting. In this dissertation, I describe a penalized likelihood-based method with adaptive least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (ALASSO) penalty functions for model selection. By reparameterizing variance components through a Cholesky decomposition, I introduce a penalty function of group shrinkage; the penalized likelihood is approximated by Gaussian quadrature and optimized by an EM algorithm. The functional forms of the independent effects are determined through a procedure for structural discovery. Specifically, I first construct the model by penalized cubic B-spline and then decompose the B-spline to linear and nonlinear elements by spectral decomposition. The decomposition represents the model in a mixed-effects model format, and I then use the mixed-effects variable selection method to perform structural discovery. Simulation studies show excellent performance. A clinical application is described to illustrate the use of the proposed methods, and the analytical results demonstrate the usefulness of the methods.
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Žalská, Jana. "Argumentace v přesvědčeních a praktikách učitelů matematiky v kontextu České republiky." Doctoral thesis, 2018. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-389053.
Full textAbstract:
I aim to describe how teachers' beliefs and practices influence the way mathematical argumentation is conducted in lower secondary mathematics classroom within the Czech curricular context. I present results of two studies: the first one characterises the Czech curricular context, namely, the national curricular document and aspects of justification of mathematical statements in selected series of mathematics textbooks. The second study reports on characteristics of teachers' beliefs and practices as related to argumentation on an example of six purposefully selected teachers, via interviews and observations of their lessons. Finally, I select three teachers with differing approaches to teaching and describe specific observed instances in their practices in relation to classroom norms regarding argumentation, justification of general mathematical truths, and aspects of arguments. I show how teachers' beliefs, a textbook and pupils may influence the observed arguments. The studies show that a teachers' emphasis on efficiency (fulfilling school curriculum demands) on one hand and on sense-making on the other lead to distinct implemented curricula. The curricular context and teachers' practice analysis suggest that justification of general truths is generally seen as important but without clear cognitive aims...