Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Matières plastiques – Déchets – Recyclage'
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Boeglin, Nadia. "Valorisation par agglomération de sous-produits de la filière bois : faisabilité technique et approche technico-économique." Nancy 1, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995NAN10334.
Full textChiarilli-Sabin, Virginie. "Analyse de seuils d'endommagement de mélanges de polymères incompatibles dans un objectif de recyclage." Lille 1, 1996. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/LIBRE/Th_Num/1996/50376-1996-272.pdf.
Full textC'est le cas pour le polyoxyméthylène, et également pour un matériau pourtant très différent des thermoplastiques : le carbonate de calcium. Ce taux de 5% en volume semble marquer une transition de type ductile-fragile observée lors de la sollicitation en traction. La sensibilité particulière des caractéristiques autour de ce taux, la proximité de la température de transition vitreuse du polypropylène et la modification de la mobilité moléculaire due à la compatibilisation expliquent les valeurs a priori surprenantes mesurées sur certains allongements à la rupture. De plus, il est intéressant de constater que, contrairement à ce que l'on lit dans la littérature concernant les mélanges équilibrés de polymères incompatibles, l'adjonction de compatibilisants n'est pas nécessaire. Cette différence de tendance s'explique par la conjonction des facteurs que l'on vient d'évoquer, sans laquelle cette transition ductile-fragile, différente de la transition vitreuse, n'aurait pas été mise en évidence
Le, Guern Cécile. "Séparation de déchets de plastiques par voie physico-chimique (flottation-moussage) en vue de leur recyclage : applicabilité au mélange PVC/PET bouteilles." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 1997. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/INPL_T_1997_LE_GUERN_C.pdf.
Full textAldoori, Hussam. "Valorisation des déchets plastiques d'équipements électriques et électroniques contenant des retardateurs de flamme bromés." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lille (2022-....), 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022ULILR053.
Full textThe use of brominated flame retardants, such as polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), is currently restricted by the European RoHS directive because of their toxicity, bioaccumulation and persistence in the environment. However, these toxic molecules are still found in large quantities in end-of-life plastics, particularly in the residues of obsolete electrical and electronic equipment.Consequently, these plastic wastes loaded with brominated flame retardants cannot be recycled without a prior treatment ensuring the elimination of these additives. Moreover, these additives can migrate in the environment surrounding the waste storage sites and degrade by exposure to solar radiation to generate more harmful substances such as polybrominated dibenzofurans (PBDF).The aim of this thesis, which is part of the Interreg VALBREE project, is to study the feasibility of a decontamination process of plastic waste by irradiation with UV-visible radiation, a technique that has proven promising for the abatement of brominated molecules incorporated in the plastic material, in order to allow the revalorization of the latter by mechanical recycling. The efficiency of the radiative treatment in the photodegradation of brominated flame retardants in model polymer/RFB mixtures has been confirmed by different spectroscopic and chromatographic analysis techniques. Thus, the evaluation of the state of the plastic material after irradiation allowed to optimize the treatment conditions in order to avoid the deterioration of the properties of the decontaminated plastics
Maris, Joachim. "Compatibilisation de matières plastiques en mélange issues de déchets d’équipements électriques et électroniques en vue de leur valorisation par recyclage mécanique." Thesis, Le Mans, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LEMA1004.
Full textThe recycling of the plastics from waste electrical and electronic equipment (WEEE) has attracted great attention recently for environmental reasons. Mechanical recycling has emerged as the most economical, as well as the most energetic and ecologically efficient option. The aim of this work is the mechanical recycling of WEEE mixed plastic waste (MPW) streams. First, MPW composition has been evaluated by FT-IR and X-ray fluorescence spectroscopies, and ATG and DSC analyses. MPW are complex blend composed of thermoplastics, mainly styrenic polymers (ABS, HIPS, PS) and polyolefins. The remaining were other thermoplastics as PVC, PE, PMMA, PC…. After processing, these mixtures show very low mechanical properties compared to commodity and engineering thermoplastics. These results demonstrated that compatibilization is necessary to transform these D3E into secondary raw materials (SRM). In situ compatibilization using radical reactions appeared to be an attractive solution. Two pathways have been studied to generate the radicals, firstly, by electron beam radiation and, secondly, by adding chemical initiators. These two approaches didn’t show any substantial improvement in mechanical properties. Following these results, compatibilization by addition of reactive and non-reactive commercial copolymers were undertaken, leading to a significant improvement in mechanical properties. The production of technical prototypes and 3D printing wires from compatibilized SRM has been validated and allows considering an industrial development
Gripon, Layla. "Contribution au recyclage et à la valorisation des matières plastiques issues des déchets d’équipements électriques et électroniques contenant des retardateurs de flamme bromés." Thesis, Ecole nationale supérieure Mines-Télécom Lille Douai, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020MTLD0014.
Full textBrominated flame retardants (BFR) are added to polymers to enhance their flammability resistance. But some of them are nowadays considered as persistent organic pollutants (POP). To avoid their propagation into recycling streams, plastic materials which bromine concentration is too high (> 2000 ppm) are generally incinerated to destroy the pollutants they contain. The objective of this work is to find a solution to recycle BFR containing plastics materials while respecting the regulations. The study is focused on an acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene (ABS) batch coming from real waste electrical and electronic equipment which contains a POP concentration about four times higher than the regulation limit authorizing recycling. Physico-chemical methods were studied to extract BFR. Solid-liquid extractions with stirring and diethyl ether as well as the dissolution-precipitation method lowered the POP concentration under the regulatory limit. A detailed study on supercritical CO2 extraction was performed and showed its efficiency to remove BFR, but optimizations are still needed. The recycling environmental impacts were also evaluated considering the pre-treatment processes studied previously. The energy and solvent consumptions need to be optimized in order to make the recycling process more viable compared to incineration. The treated plastic material showed that it can be easily recycled. Nevertheless, its impact strength could be improved during a formulation step. Finally, a practical application of this material in a bilayer structure was proposed to enhance its mechanical and esthetic properties. Good adhesions were obtained with virgin ABS and ABS/PC materials guaranteeing satisfactory properties to the bilayer structure
Aït, Amer Abdelaziz. "Broyage et séparation des matériaux polymériques sans fragilisation cryogénique : approche fractographique du réacteur de division et transposition des techniques métallurgiques de séparation." Montpellier 2, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997MON20130.
Full textTraore, Brahiman. "Elaboration et caractérisation d’une structure composite (sable et déchets plastiques recyclés) : Amélioration de la résistance par des charges en argiles." Thesis, Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018UBFCA029/document.
Full textThis project aims at conceiving(designing) one paves with plastic waste got back in the discharges and with mixture of sand and gravel. This pavement that must be of use to the realization of pavements and public highways, must thus be capable of answering the technical conditions of its use. However, the fabrication method and the used material(equipment) must be rather simple to allow its fast handling by little qualified workers and a low(weak) production cost to be economically competitive. Pavements will thus be tested to identify their performance at the same time mechanical and physical then used on life-size to understand(include) their ageing because of their wear. Finally, an equipment(casting off) will have risen for a transfer of finalized(worked out) technology
Monsaingeon, Baptiste. "Le déchet durable : éléments pour une socio-anthropologie du déchet ménager." Thesis, Paris 1, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA010654/document.
Full textOver the past forty years, household waste and its management have been assimilated to a global environmental issue. While sustainable development is becoming a pressing issue, the number of our garbage bins is increasing. So what is it that we aim to preserve when we are dutifully sorting out our garbage? Between the very local gesture of discarding and the global environmental issue, there is a tremendous gap. The link between everyday practices of waste and environmental issues is so underdetermined that it has to be analysed. The main claim of this dissertation is that despite a growing concern with environment and the increasing time and space devoted to waste management, we remain unaware of the social, technological and material issues at stake. Because of this individual and collective blindness waste is not seen as a clue: as its memorial function is neglected waste is still perceived as what has to disappear, as a material quantity that has to be controlled and eliminated. The en-durable waste is an oxymoron that leads to further investigate the multiple modes of presence of waste in today’s life. Inspired by the personae of the ragman and of the archaeologist, this socio-anthropological investigation follows household waste from uncertain oceans of plastic to few Parisian vermicompost bins. Based on this confrontation to the materiality of waste, to the territories and to practices of wasting, this dissertation claims that where the unavoidable presence of waste is described as a problem, it is question of our presence to waste that is at stake
Santander, Tapia Pavlo Javier Alejandro. "Valorisation en circuit court de déchets thermoplastiques pour la conception par impression 3D de structures composites." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lorraine, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020LORR0229.
Full textThe management of plastic waste is a major problem that has yet to be resolved with a view to a more sustainable development of human activities. Among the possible solutions, recycling is an interesting way to recycle non-renewable materials. After decades of centralized recycling, there is now a growing interest in approaches based on distributed recycling. Taking advantage of the democratization of open-source 3D printing technologies (OS), we propose to revalorize locally the plastics that can be used by these technologies. This distributed recycling can be considered as a kind of "intelligent network", composed of small coordinated recycling units, which provide recycled plastic filaments to the 3D printing community. The technical feasibility of this plastic recycling approach has been proven in the literature. However, its feasibility from a supply chain and logistics perspective has yet to be demonstrated. In order to address this issue, this research thesis seeks to provide answers to the following research question: Under what conditions is it possible to deploy a sustainable network of local and distributed plastics recycling using open-source 3D printing technologies? Taking into account the above, this research work aims to propose a framework for the analysis and evaluation, from a sustainability perspective, of the distributed plastic recycling approach for 3D printing. The proposed evaluation framework combines optimization and system dynamics in the evaluation of the sustainability of the recycling approach. The application of the evaluation framework to a specific case study of a university seeking to implement a distributed recycling demonstrator to recover 3D printing waste from middle and high schools in northeastern France illustrated the feasibility from a sustainability perspective
Rogaume, Yann. "Physico-chimie de la dégradation thermique des molécules azotées : cas du polyamide et du polyuréthanne." Poitiers, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999POIT2286.
Full textGoument, Caroline. "Caractérisation, mise en forme et recyclage de polymères biosourcés pour le développement d’un procédé de fabrication plastronique respectueux de l’environnement." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Lyon, INSA, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023ISAL0109.
Full textIn the majority of cases, electronic objects in our everyday life have a plastic casing made of petrochemical polymer materials. Today, replacing the petrochemical-based materials with more environmentally-friendly ones is a necessary transition. 3D plastronics is an emerging field of research than can overcome some of the limitations of conventional electronics, particularly as it requires to redefine the polymer substrates. This PhD is part of the BIOANTENNA project of the AURA Region's Ambition Research Pack, whose goal is to manufacture an innovative electronic device in terms of the materials used and the functionalities of the electronic circuit. In this thesis, we study a mass production process for electronic devices called In-Mold Electronics (IME). It comprises three main stages: screen printing, thermoforming and injection molding. In the state of the art, the reference polymer in IME is PolyCarbonate (PC). Our goal is to replace PC with a more environmentally-friendly material: Poly(Lactic Acid) (PLA). Over the last ten years, this polymer has been the subject of numerous studies in order to use it as an alternative to petrochemical-based engineering polymers. PLA is the most widely used biosourced polymer today. It is also biodegradable in industrial composting, which could provide a solution for end-of-life products and make it suitable for use in the circular economy. This manuscript is divided in two main parts : one regarding the manufacturing of a plastronic device using IME and PLA, and the other on the dismantling of the IME devices manufactured in the first part
Guidigo, Jonathan. "Caractérisation physico-mécanique d’un composite bois polymère." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LORR0229/document.
Full textThis study follow others that propose a solution for the recovery of plastic waste and wood to make it a construction material made of wood-polymer composite. The particularity of this research is that the thermoplastic matrix used is a set of different polymers taken in well-defined proportions. The percentages considered for the matrix obtained represent the proportion of polymer waste that can be found in the city of Cotonou (Benin Republic). This study consisted in making WPC polymer wood composite samples by extrusion, studying them through physico-mechanical tests and relating them to samples made with an already existing artisanal method. On the one hand, we studied separately the sawdust and the thermoplastic matrix by determining the chemical constituents of the sawdust, and by performing a physico-mechanical analysis (thermogravimetric analysis, compression and tensile bending test, facies analysis). SEM fracture) on the reinforcement and the matrix. On the other hand we evaluated the influence of the addition of 20%, 25%, 28% and 30% of sawdust on the mechanical properties (compression, bending and traction). The results show that sawdust behaves like a reinforcement when the sample is stressed in compression and bending. Sawdust acts as a load when WPC samples are stressed in tension. Sawdust also improves the rigidity of WPC in tension. The mechanical results obtained by extrusion are much better than those resulting from the artisanal methods. Thermogravimetric analyzes performed on WPC samples from the artisanal method reveal that during their manufacture, these samples are subjected to temperatures (above 300 ° C) that begin the degradation of polymers and sawdust in WPC
Louizi, Molka. "Formulation de mélanges de polyoléfines à l’aide d’une extrudeuse à très haute vitesse : Application à la dispersion de particules de traceurs, détectables par fluorescence X ou UV, en vue du tri de déchets polymères post-consommation." Thesis, Lyon, INSA, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013ISAL0134.
Full textThis thesis, which is part of the ANR Eco-Tech TRIPTIC project, had the objective of contributing to industrial sorting rate of polymers containing tracers detectable by their fluorescence X or UV properties. At first, given that the cost of tracers selected for TRIPTIC study is quite high, a preliminary study is conducted with models of silica particles to optimize the dispersion of fillers in polypropylene / ethylene-propylene rubber (PP / EPR) matrix. It was found that processing under high shear rate is an effective technology for accomplishing a homogeneous dispersion of micro or nanoscale fillers. In a second step, after optimization of dispersion conditions, our results are extrapolated to the dispersion of UV tracer in different thermoplastic matrices. It was shown that the dispersion of 1000 ppm of micrometer tracer particles, in polypropylene matrices, extruded at high shear rates (N = 800 rpm), has no impact on the mechanical and physico-chemical properties as well as in the photo-degradation of the polymer after UV irradiation exposure. This fine dispersion was beneficial not only for the conservation of the properties of traced polymers but also for achieving a good dynamic detection of UV or X tracers using a prototype developed by the project partners ( Pellenc Selective Technologies , CEA- LITT and ENSAM - RPI ). Finally, high shear processing has successfully used to the compatibilization of ternary blends ( PP / EPR ) / PE (polyethylene) which may correspond to the post-consumer polymers. This technique has proved to be an effective method to produce polymer blends with unique mechanical properties. This novel strategy of compatibilization is of a particular interest, especially for industrial application prospects. It also opens new perspectives for materials lightening as well as “high shear recycling” of immiscible polymers
Godin, Marie-Christine. "Valorisation de plastiques recyclés en provenance des centres de tri." Thesis, Université Laval, 2013. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2013/29740/29740.pdf.
Full textRakotondramanitra, Jean-Désiré. "Renforcement des sols par nappes de déchets de matières plastiques." Lyon 1, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988LYO10103.
Full textDaudon, Dominique. "Remblais allégés en déchets de matières plastiques : étude du procédé Plastbloc." Lyon 1, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992LYO10035.
Full textLamolle, Vincent. "Etude de cisaillement intense de plastiques mélangés en vue d'applications au recyclage." Aix-Marseille 1, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002AIX11068.
Full textMessas, Tahar. "Etude des renforcements des sols par nappes discontinues en matières plastiques souples." Lyon 1, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997LYO10280.
Full textDali-Braham, Madjid. "Renforcement des sols par des nappes d'éléments souples et discontinus : étude du procédé Plasterre." Lyon 1, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989LYO10100.
Full textZahour, Selim. "Performances de fibres synthétiques issues du recyclage. Role des propriétés aux interfaces sur le comportements au temps et à l'usage." Thesis, Normandie, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018NORMR019/document.
Full textWe focused on physical ageing of a non-woven produced by recycled fibers from plastic bottles. This non-woven is produced by drylaid-textile process and is used for building thermal insulation. Two networks are visible and structural relaxation has been investigated through the study of evolution of one fiber skin part with different couple time, temperature. Physical ageing of polymers can be followed by structural relaxation process. We showed that structural relaxation process is very long for temperatures of use far from glass transition temperature. Same results have been shown on the global non-woven stored in non-insulated box governed by Normandy weather. The combination of the two previous results reinforce our basic idea ; the insulator properties variation will be stable for long time only if temperature of use is far from glass transition temperature
Călin, Laur Florentin. "Séparation électrostatique des matériaux plastiques provenant d'équipements informatiques en utilisant la triboélectrisation en lit fluidisé." Poitiers, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008POIT2279.
Full textThis work aimed at elaborating a process using triboelectrisation for charging plastic granules and electric field forces to separate them. After an introduction to the state of the, the author describes the two fluidised bed tribocharging devices and the two electrostatic separators that he built. The factors that influence the tribocharging of certain granular plastics (PVC, PET, ABS, PS) i. E. Duration of charging process, particle size, nature of the surfaces in contact, were evaluated using the design of experiments method. The influence of ambient temperature and humidity on charging binary mixtures of plastics was investigated using the same methodology. A numerical model of charged particle trajectories has been validated by experiments performed on granular mixtures of ABS, ABS-PC and HIPS. The experimental results confirm that tribocharging in a fluidised bed followed by electrostatic separation is an effective process for informatics equipment waste treatment
Jacob-Vaillancourt, Colin. "Caractérisation avancée et valorisation des plastiques mélangés postconsommation : étude de cas chez Gaudreau Environnement inc." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/28305.
Full textLes plus récents estimés indiquent que seulement 32% des plastiques post-consommation (emballages, sacs et contenants) sont récupérés par la collecte sélective des matières recyclables au Québec, et une quantité probablement encore moindre est réellement recyclée. Pourtant, le recyclage a été identifié comme une des stratégies clés permettant la mise en place d’une véritable économie circulaire des plastiques. Présentement, un manque de données précises et transférables entre les acteurs de la chaîne de valeurs rend plus difficile l’application de mesures efficaces pour augmenter la qualité des plastiques voués au recyclage thermomécanique. De plus, il existe peu de solutions de recyclage pour les flux de plastiques fortement hétérogènes, alors que la diversité des emballages disponibles sur le marché est sans cesse croissante. Ce travail de recherche avait pour objectif d’étudier la qualité des plastiques mélangés en provenance du centre de tri de Gaudreau Environnement Inc., et de développer une technologie de recyclage applicable aux flux hétérogènes de plastiques. Une caractérisation combinant des équipements industriels et des analyses de laboratoire a permis de dégager un taux de qualité correspondant à la concentration réelle d’un polymère visé dans un échantillon trié par séparateur optique. De plus, la caractérisation des contaminants a démontré que les plastiques faits de polystyrène et de polyvinyle chloré sont sujets à de grandes variations de qualité. Une méthode de recyclage de ces plastiques est proposée ici, soit l’utilisation d’agrégats de plastiques recyclés comme substituts au sable pour des mélanges expérimentaux de béton. Le plastique a généré des bétons ayant une plus grande ténacité élastique et une résistance thermique plus élevée que le béton conventionnel. Cette technique de recyclage a semblé convenir aux flux hétérogènes de plastiques, notamment lorsque plusieurs types de polymères sont présents, car les critères de qualité diffèrent de ceux employés pour évaluer les plastiques voués au recyclage thermomécanique conventionnel.
According to recent estimates, only 32% of all postconsumer plastics are collected by curbside collection programs in the province of Quebec (CANADA), and an even smaller amount may be actually recycled into new products. Recycling has nonetheless been identified as one of the key strategies needed to enable a transition to a fully circular economy for plastics. At this time, a lack of precise data, transferable between all stakeholders of the plastics value chain, prevents the implementation of efficient measures to upgrade the quality of plastics channelled towards thermomechanical recycling. Also, very few recycling techniques are designed for heterogeneous plastic streams, while an increasingly varied array of plastic packaging is found on the consumer market. This research aimed to study the quality of a mixed plastics stream produced by Gaudreau Environnement Inc.’s material recovery facility, and develop a recycling technique able to process an heterogeneous plastic stream. A combination of industrial machineries and laboratory analyses was used to characterize the quality of the mixed plastics, and a quality index was generated to estimate the concentration of a targeted polymer in a sorted plastic stream. A characterization of contaminants showed that polystyrene and polyvinyl chloride streams experienced more variation in terms of quality for recycling. A potential valorization route was investigated, where recycled plastic aggregates were substituted to sand in experimental concrete blends. Plastic aggregates helped confer greater elastic toughness and a higher thermal resistance to concrete. Plastic aggregates with a high bulk density, such as those derived from PVC, generated concretes with the best mechanical performances. This recycling technique seems promising for heterogeneous plastic streams, particularly when several polymers are present, since its quality parameters differ from conventional thermomechanical recycling.
Lévesque, Ariane. "Hydrolyse des matières résiduelles municipales issues de la collecte à deux voies." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/25627.
Full textJamal, Mounia. "Evaluation de la biodégradation et de l'écotoxicité des films de paillage agricole : étude comparative et modélisation des tests de (bio)dégradabilité." Le Mans, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006LEMA1004.
Full textEl, Ghoche Hayssam. "Expérimentation et modélisation de blocs compressibles de matières plastiques pour des remblais allégés : détermination d'une loi de comportement orthotrope de révolution viscoélastique non-linéaire." Lyon 1, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992LYO10294.
Full textHahnel, Franck. "Conception d'un réacteur en lit fluidisé pour l'étude de l'incinération de déchets : application à l'étude des mécanismes de transformation de l'azote lors de la combustion de polyamide-6,6." Mulhouse, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999MULH0569.
Full textTaki, Mohamed. "Analyse du comportement mécanique d'un sol renforcé par inclusion de nappes en matières plastiques discontinues : application au procédé Plasterre." Lyon 1, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000LYO10134.
Full textMaudet-Charbuillet, Carole. "Proposition d'outils et démarche pour l'intégration des filières de recyclage des matières plastiques dans la Supply Chain automobile." Paris, ENSAM, 2009. https://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00005773.
Full textProduct end-of-life management must be considered in product design. To reach the European End-of-Life Vehicle (ELV) directive objectives and in view of the growing plastics' use in vehicles, the automotive Supply Chain must now set up reliable recovery scenarios for its products and therefore for these materials. The plastics industry, material technically unavoidable in our society, is subject to societal pressures, environ mental regulations. An answer to the se pressures is the development of recycling industries to save resources by making the waste a raw material. These networks are emerging systems whose development criteria must be defined. The automotive industry implemented many tools of design for recycling. But these tools do not take into account recycled plastics, that is to say the recycling networks characteristics, producers and suppliers don't see them as potential recycled material users. The limits of recycling networks' integration in the automotive Supply Chain find their origin in lack of knowledge on recycling industries characteristics by stakeholders involved in their development. We thus propose in this research a recycling networks' modelling tool - ODEFIRE- corresponding through network capabilities measures to a decision aid for stakeholders, including the Supply Chain Automotive. This aid concerns the implementation of the right actions to develop recycling industries. We also propose an approach for creating knowledge on recycling networks-DAIMRE-for automotive suppliers. This method authorizes, through the use of ODEFIRE, to promote the use of recycled plastics in high value parts. The aim is to sustain recycling industries integration in the automotive Supply Chain
Jacques, Christophe. "Étude de la valorisation des déchets d'origine keratinique par voie thermo-mécano-chimique en vue de l'obtention de filaments continus : cas spécifique de la laine." Toulouse, INPT, 2003. http://ethesis.inp-toulouse.fr/archive/00000021/.
Full textNowadays, wastes of keratinous sources, which are present in numerous areas, do not have any way of valorization. By another way, today's economical situation of the Textile in industrialised countries, and moreover in France, incite to the technological development for competitive improvement. From these points, it has been considered to study a way of valorization of keratinous wastes by thermo-mechano-chemical transformation to obtain artificial textile filaments. This first study uses as keratinous reference material wool sheep. After a theoretical study of the different points of the subject, we have approached this study by three different axes. The study of the thermo-mechanical transformation of wool shows that it could be plastified by twin-screw extrusion or by thermo-forming. An opening to the use of the molding techniques of usual polymers to obtain wool molded articles was then proposed. Tranposition tests of the Lyocell process to wool are then tried. The purpose is to solubilize wool in N-methylmorpholine-N-oxide (NMMO) to obtain spinable and regenerable solution. The solubilization of wool by NMMO in classical reactor, is obtained only if the solvent decomposes which engender the degradation of wool. By extrusion, any solubilization occur. The chemical transformation of wool, by reduction (with thioglycollic acid) or oxidation (with peracetic acid) of the disulfide bonds leads to thermo-formable granules. In the case of the reduction, the process is hardly controllable, but with oxidation it is possible to treat larger quantities of material. Spinning of regenerated oxidized wool with plasticizers has been undertaken by twin-screw extrusion. Continuous filaments could have been realized and characterized.
Jacquin, Justine. "Ecotoxicologie microbienne des plastiques en mer : colonisation et biodégradation par la plastisphère." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2020. https://accesdistant.sorbonne-universite.fr/login?url=https://theses-intra.sorbonne-universite.fr/2020SORUS104.pdf.
Full textNowadays, plastic waste has invaded all of the world's marine ecosystems, sparing no area. The global demand for plastic continues to grow year after year, despite its dramatic impact on the environment when plastic is left in nature. It is estimated that each year between 4.8 and 12.7 million tonnes of plastics end up in the oceans. This PhD aims and works fall within the framework of this environmental emergency, by making possible to better identify the bacterial biofilms attached to different plastics (the so called "plastisphere) and to better characterize the biodegradation process of certain polymers in the marine environment. The first stage, was to analyse the microbial diversity of samples taken during two expeditions (the Tara-Mediterranean expedition and Tara-Pacific) in order to characterize the biogeography of bacterial biofilms specific to plastics. The comparison between samples from the Pacific and the Mediterranean see allow to highlight an ecological niche on the surface of plastics distinct from the surrounding water. Niche which is clearly influenced by geography, explained mainly by temperature. The taxonomic study revealed a "core microbiome" dominated by a genus affiliated to the cyanobacteria and families (Rhodobacteraceae and flavobacteraceae) known to be colonizers of plastic in the marine environment. Then, the bacterial colonization on different polymers was studied in aquarium using uninterrupted circulation of seawater collected continuously from the Banyuls Bay. The biodegradation process was studied using an artificial environment without any other carbon source than the polymer in order to mimic the marine environment, and by following several experimental parameters (Bacterial production, respiration, loss of mass). In our study we observed during the growth phase of the biofilm no specific microbial communities related to the nature of the polymers. The biodegradation process has been demonstrated on certain polymers such as PHBV, Bioplast, Mater-Bi and cellulose, in particular due to the bacterial activity maintained throughout the incubation. Next, a strain Alteromonas sp., isolated from the mature biofilm of the PHBV allow us to explore its biodegradation capabilities. The analysis of the genome of Alteromonas sp. revealed the presence of 4 depolymerases, with 3 external and 1 internal, explaining its ability to degrade PHBV. The study of the genome also revealed two pathways for the PHA synthesis, one allowing the synthesis of PHASCL and the other of PHAMCL. Finally, the study of the biodegradation of PHBV by a natural consortium was done using isotopic labelling of the polymer. This experiment, coupled with metagenomic analysis, allowed the study of functional communities that can assimilate the carbon of the polymer. Thus, this PhD work enhanced the identification of the bacterial communities inhabiting the biofilms developed on the surface of polymers (biodegradable and non-degradable), and also to refine the characterization of the biodegradation process in the marine environment owing the use of various parameters such as the bacterial production, respiration, weight loss, monitoring of labeled carbon and microscopy. These studies are essential for a better understanding of the biodegradation process of plastics at sea and thus to propose adaptations to the standards methods governing the marine environment and currently not very representative
Wahl, Aurélie. "Distribution et comportement de débris plastiques dans un sol agricole amendé en compost de déchets ménagers." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Rennes 1, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022REN1B031.
Full textPlastic waste is accumulating in all environmental compartments, and its presence is of great interest to the scientific community. However, plastic waste study in soils is only very recent compared to rivers and oceans. This PhD work therefore focused on the behaviour of micro- and nanoplastics and associated contaminants from the composting of household waste enriched with plastic debris in agricultural soil. The microplastics collected in soil have an advanced degree of weathering that favours the release of small plastic particles such as nanoplastics. In order to identify them, an extraction/identification method was developed and highlighted for the first time, the presence of nanoplastics containing the three most common polymers in the uppermost soil surface layer. It was then demonstrated that these nanoplastics were present in the mineral layers at depth, whereas the microplastics were only present at ploughing depth. Nanoplastics are therefore mobile in soils and can reach the underlying groundwaters. Finally, the role of plastic waste in the concomitant metal contamination found in soil was investigated. The highest concentrations correspond to metals used as additives in the formulation of plastics, but the plastic role could not be implicated with certainty in soil contamination. However, metals and their isotopic signatures are good candidates for tracing nanoplastics in complex natural matrices
Boudissa, Mustapha. "Comportement de gabions légers en matériau hétérogène dans les ouvrages de génie civil." Lyon 1, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996LYO10046.
Full textDussud, Claire. "Caractérisation des communautés microbiennes associées à la colonisation des déchets plastiques en mer." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris 6, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA066254.
Full textThe increasing awareness on the impact of plastic pollution within the marine environment has stimulated countless of scientific studies. For the past decade, researchers have quantified plastic waste and assessed its fate at sea. It is estimated that more than 5.25 billion plastic particles float within the world’s oceans today. This PhD work is a result in part of this major environmental concern. It brings with it new knowledge about the marine bacterial communities that develop on plastic debris, also termed as the "plastisphere". The analysis of samples taken from the Tara-Mediterranean expedition allowed us, for the first time, to characterize, and quantify communities specific towards plastic biofilms in comparison to the communities attached to organic matter in surrounding seawater. Bacterial colonization and its evolution on different types of polymers was studied using microcosm experiments with open seawater circulation. The unusual coupling of biological and physicochemical data of plastic surfaces revealed a greater bacterial development on "biodegradable" polymers compared to conventional polymer types (especially hydrocarbonoclastic species). We showed that the composition of the polymer, together with its hydrophobicity and roughness, influences the diversity of bacterial communities during the early colonization steps. Finally, a greater bacterial biofilm activity (e.g. heterotrophic productions) was observed on polymer surfaces compared to seawater. Once again, differences according to plastic types have been observed. This present work highlights the existence of a new ecological niche on plastics that are distinct from the surrounding seawater
Leseur, Benoît. "Etude de la mise en oeuvre de mélanges de polymères vierges ou de déchets plastiques émulsifiés par des copolymères greffés." Montpellier 2, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992MON20016.
Full textKlaimy, Sophie. "Pyrolyse thermique et catalytique des polymères utilisés dans les emballages." Thesis, Lille 1, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LIL1R056.
Full textOver the past ten years, the production and consumption of plastics have grown significantly around the world due to their uses in a wide range of applications including packaging, agriculture, automotive or construction. In 2017, 342 million tons of plastics were produced worldwide among them around 65 million tons in Europe. The valorization of plastic waste by mechanical recycling or incineration are widely used but do not constitute a long-term solution. Thermal as well as catalytic pyrolysis appears as an attractive alternative. The research carried out in this PhD work focused on pyrolysis of plastics used in packaging such as polyethylene (PE), polypropylene (PP), polystyrene (PS) and polyethylene terephthalate (PET). The thermal decomposition of virgin polymers and of a defined model mixture representative of plastic waste were studied by thermogravimetric analysis and flash pyrolysis. The quantity of each phases (gas, liquid, solid) were determined and the composition of the liquid phase analyzed. It was demonstrated that, within the model mixture, interaction between the polymers occurs leading to accelerate the decomposition process and to favor the formation of aromatic compounds. The use of zeolite (ZSM-5) as a catalyst for the pyrolysis of polyethylene, the most commonly used plastic in packaging, lead to a narrower distribution of pyrolysis products. The amount of catalyst was optimized and the effect of its acidity was studied. The most acidic ZSM-5 promotes the formation of aromatics and specifically products between C6 and C12 are obtained. The deactivation and regeneration of ZSM-5 respectively before and after pyrolysis was also investigated. The effectiveness of catalyst regeneration after several cycles of use was demonstrated. Finally, several catalysts with defined structure and acidities were synthesized. It was thus possible to conclude that both parameters play an important role in the composition and selectivity of the pyrolysis process
El, Gersifi Khalid. "Recyclage de tubes en matériaux composites fibres de verre utilisés dans les centrales de production d'électricité." Châtenay-Malabry, Ecole centrale de Paris, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002ECAP0853.
Full textSahnoune, Farid. "Relations structure - propriétés mécaniques dans des systèmes PEHD/PS et PEHD/CaCO3 modifiés par des agents élastomères : application au recyclage des matières plastiques." Montpellier 2, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998MON20092.
Full textDussud, Claire. "Caractérisation des communautés microbiennes associées à la colonisation des déchets plastiques en mer." Thesis, Paris 6, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA066254/document.
Full textThe increasing awareness on the impact of plastic pollution within the marine environment has stimulated countless of scientific studies. For the past decade, researchers have quantified plastic waste and assessed its fate at sea. It is estimated that more than 5.25 billion plastic particles float within the world’s oceans today. This PhD work is a result in part of this major environmental concern. It brings with it new knowledge about the marine bacterial communities that develop on plastic debris, also termed as the "plastisphere". The analysis of samples taken from the Tara-Mediterranean expedition allowed us, for the first time, to characterize, and quantify communities specific towards plastic biofilms in comparison to the communities attached to organic matter in surrounding seawater. Bacterial colonization and its evolution on different types of polymers was studied using microcosm experiments with open seawater circulation. The unusual coupling of biological and physicochemical data of plastic surfaces revealed a greater bacterial development on "biodegradable" polymers compared to conventional polymer types (especially hydrocarbonoclastic species). We showed that the composition of the polymer, together with its hydrophobicity and roughness, influences the diversity of bacterial communities during the early colonization steps. Finally, a greater bacterial biofilm activity (e.g. heterotrophic productions) was observed on polymer surfaces compared to seawater. Once again, differences according to plastic types have been observed. This present work highlights the existence of a new ecological niche on plastics that are distinct from the surrounding seawater
Leprêtre-Dropsit, Sophie. "Mise en oeuvre et propriétés des mélanges PET/polyoléfines en vue du recyclage d'emballages." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Lille 1, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008LIL10140.
Full textPolyethylene terephthalate (PET) and polyolefins (PE, PP ... ) are widely used for packaging applications (e.g., bottles) and generate a significant amount of waste. Recycling such thermoplastic materials avoiding costly sorting operations presents an economic and a scientific challenge because they are immiscible and semi-crystaIIine polymers. The aim of the study is to process binary (PET/PE, PET/PP) and temary (PET/PE/PP) blends, strongly unbalanced (0-90% by weight of PET), and compatibilized to maintain satisfactory mechanical performances in traction, impact and toughness. The recycled PET/polyolefins blends compatibilization by adding EGMA (ethylene copolymer-glycidyl methacrylate) leads to a decrease of polyolefins droplets size dispersed in the PET matrix, as weil as an improvement of interfacial conditions. The mechanical behavior (traction, impact and toughness) of blends tends to the ones of PET, when the average diameter of polyolefin inclusions is below a critical value of 3 µm. The study and modelisation of nonisothermal crystallization kinetics of blends showed that EGMA and polyolefins play the role of a nucleating agent for the PET and accelerate the crystallization (without intluencing significantly the cristallinity rate). The mechanical properties of blends are more atfected by cristaIIization process modification than by morphological and interfacial changes
Coulibaly, Mamadou. "Modélisation micromécanique et caractérisation expérimentale du comportement des matériaux hétérogènes élastoviscoplastiques : application à la valorisation des polymères recyclés." Thesis, Metz, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008METZ033S/document.
Full textThis work relates to the modelling of mechanical behavior of elastoviscoplastic heterogeneous composites with the aim of an application to recycled polymers. Therefore, our study investigates the effect of the presence of impurities or strengthening agents on the mechanical behaviour of widely distributed thermoplastic polymers. In this way, a model based on a micromechanical approach is carried out on such materials. However, the complexity of elastoviscoplastic behaviour, that involves the hereditary type of material and induces a space/time coupling, is due to the presence of delayed mechanical interactions that scale transition should try to take into account. Considering the complexity of numerical implementation in hereditary approaches, internal variables approaches are privileged for their numerical simplicity. Within this framework, this development is intended to provide a general approach to the problem of scale transition. It relies on a new integral formulation of Eshelby inclusion problem. Then homogenization stage is carried out according to two methods : Mori-Tanaka estimate and self-consistent scheme. The results are presented and compared with those of other models and experimental results. The application to the case of linear viscoelasticity, the model used in this study led to the exact solution referring to Rougier hereditary model (Laplace-Carson Transform). In the non linear viscoelastic area, and with the aim of an application for recycling, a series of trials was conducted on polypropylene charged with talc
Rabetokotany, Nantenaina Volamahefa. "Matières organiques exogènes issues de l’élevage et de la ville en milieu tropical : apport de la spectrométrie proche infrarouge pour leur orientation d'usages agronomiques et/ou énergétiques." Thesis, La Réunion, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013LARE0013/document.
Full textAs observed in northern/rich countries, there is an increase in the production of organic wastes in southern/less advanced countries. So called, Exogenous Organic Matter (EOM), they can be a valuable fertilizer or amendment for agricultural soils or a new supply for energy production. The safe utilisation of EOM requires an in-depth scientific knowledge of their nature and impacts on the environment. Laboratory analysis and experiments have to be carried out in order to know their complex structure related to their physical, chemical and biochemical properties. These techniques represent a relatively high cost and are time consuming. In this study, the near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) was chosen as an alternative to classical methods for laboratory characterisations of tropical EOM. The objectives of this study are (1) to show that NIRS is a suitable method for predicting EOM characteristics (2) to characterize EOM in terms of their agronomic potential and/or energetic potential, and (3) to elaborate a typology, build with predicted parameters by NIRS, taking into account some environmental impacts of the different utilisations of EOM.The dataset included more than 2000 EOM samples covering a broad range of fresh and transformed organic materials. Each EOM was scanned using a NIR spectrometer from 1100nm to 2500nm. In addition to the classical laboratory characterisations (dosages of total carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium), other experiments have been carried out: (1) for “positive” potentials: (i) C and N mineralization measured in controlled conditions (for an agronomic use), (ii) determination of High Heating Value and Biochemical Methane Potential (for an energetic use) and (2) for “negative” potential or risk: phytotoxicity assessment due to trace elements, and the determination of potential nitrous oxide emission. To elaborate the typology, the SIRIS method (System of Integration of Risk with Interaction of Scores) was carried out in order to formalize the steps of a logical procedure, leading to a decision according to objective of the recycling orientation.Diversity of EOM is illustrated by the variability of (i) C contents (from 2 to 64 gC.100g-1DM); (ii) N contents (from 0.2 to 14gN.100g-1DM); (iii) total P contents (from 0.01 to 16gP.100g-1DM),(iv) total K contents (from 0.04 to 30 gK.100g-1DM). When taking into account all EOM without regarding their nature, acceptable predictive models were obtained with NIRS calibration for estimating C, N, total P and total K contents for EOM.“Positive” potential assessment provided information about (1) remaining organic carbon might be stocked into soil after applying EOM (from 102 to 955 kg.t-1TOM) (2) High Heating Value of EOM when recycling as a supply of small scale combustion or thermo chemical conversion (from 7 to 28 MJ.kg-1DM), (3) Biochemical Methane Potential after EOM anaerobic digestion (from 69 to 488 NmlCH4.g-1TOM). Both “negative” potential which took into account phytotoxicity due to trace elements and nitrous oxide emissions were highly interacted on the soil properties (pH, texture). The SIRIS method appeared to be an efficient decision-making tool in this study. It made it possible to classify the EOM according to a simple process based on the ranking of criteria and a self-penalization scoring system. This approach can be used in the absence of accurate, reliable data, which are often difficult to obtain. The help of NIR prediction was useful for better orientate the EOM valorization between soil fertilization and energy production. Further concern will be focused on socio-economical approach in order to complete the final destination of EOM re-use
Leprêtre-Dropsit, Sophie. "Mise en oeuvre et propriétés des mélanges PET/polyoléfines en vue du recyclage d'emballages." Thesis, Lille 1, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008LIL10140/document.
Full textPolyethylene terephthalate (PET) and polyolefins (PE, PP ... ) are widely used for packaging applications (e.g., bottles) and generate a significant amount of waste. Recycling such thermoplastic materials avoiding costly sorting operations presents an economic and a scientific challenge because they are immiscible and semi-crystaIIine polymers. The aim of the study is to process binary (PET/PE, PET/PP) and temary (PET/PE/PP) blends, strongly unbalanced (0-90% by weight of PET), and compatibilized to maintain satisfactory mechanical performances in traction, impact and toughness. The recycled PET/polyolefins blends compatibilization by adding EGMA (ethylene copolymer-glycidyl methacrylate) leads to a decrease of polyolefins droplets size dispersed in the PET matrix, as weil as an improvement of interfacial conditions. The mechanical behavior (traction, impact and toughness) of blends tends to the ones of PET, when the average diameter of polyolefin inclusions is below a critical value of 3 µm. The study and modelisation of nonisothermal crystallization kinetics of blends showed that EGMA and polyolefins play the role of a nucleating agent for the PET and accelerate the crystallization (without intluencing significantly the cristallinity rate). The mechanical properties of blends are more atfected by cristaIIization process modification than by morphological and interfacial changes
Horta, Arduin Rachel. "De la gestion des déchets à l'approvisionnement de matières secondaires : développement d'indicateurs pour la gestion des DEEE - focus sur la filière française." Thesis, Paris, ENSAM, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019ENAM0064.
Full textWaste Electrical and Electronic Equipment (WEEE) is among the key urban mining stream due to its composition and rising volume. Currently, in the European Union, WEEE chain performance is mainly assessed by technical indicators that aim to ensure system compliance with collection and recovery targets set by the WEEE Directive. The WEEE Directive and French regulation target higher collection and treatment rates in the coming years. Therefore, to ensure an increase in quantity and quality of e-waste collected, reused and recycled, it is necessary to improve our knowledge and control of the WEEE flows. The goal of this thesis is to establish a robust set of indicators covering multidimensional aspects related to the collection and treatment of WEEE. These indicators intend to improve the visibility on the progress of the WEEE official schemes in a circular economy. Different technical, environmental, economic and criticality priorities related to the recovery of raw materials from e-waste are assessed. The indicators are presented and validated with a case study focused on waste screens, considering data and particularities of the e-waste chain in France. The multidimensional approach presented in this study can support future policies and best practices in WEEE management in order to improve e-waste tracking and the recovery of (critical) raw materials. In so doing, more targeted WEEE management activities have the potential to extend the scope from waste and hazardous substances management to enhancing the supply of quality secondary raw materials
Casteil, Jean. "Optimisation d'un réacteur fluidisé gaz/solide pour l'ozonisation de polymères : application à la synthèse de copolymères greffés en vue du retraitement de matières plastiques." Montpellier 2, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995MON20175.
Full textKazemi, Yasamin. "Mechanical and morphological characterization of wood plastic composites based on municipal plastic waste." Thesis, Université Laval, 2013. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2013/29823/29823.pdf.
Full textRecent legislations associated with environmental impacts of post-consumer plastic wastes have driven substantial attention toward developing viable recycling techniques. Therefore the aim of this research was to produce wood plastic composites (WPC) from the light fraction of municipal plastic wastes (post-consumer) and wood processing residues (sawdust). In order to improve compatibility and adhesion between polyethylene (PE) and polypropylene (PP), an ethylene-octene copolymer (EOC) was used to compatibilize the polymer phases and also to act as an impact modifier. Addition of maleated polyethylene (MAPE) and maleated polypropylene (MAPP) provided improved compatibility between the polymer matrix and the wood flour. The combined effect of all the components was found to produce composites with interesting morphological (dispersion and adhesion) and mechanical properties (tension, torsion, flexion and impact) after optimization of the additive package (blend of coupling agents). In the second phase, three-layered structural composites were produced from the aforementioned composites to investigate the effects of design parameters on their flexural and impact performance. The studied parameters include wood content, thickness of individual composite layers, as well as stacking sequence and configuration (symmetric and asymmetric structures). In addition, the classical beam theory was successfully used to predict the flexural modulus within 10% of deviation for these complex structures.
Queste, Jérôme. "Concertation et changements : le cas du recyclage desdéchets organiques à la Réunion." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016GREAH009.
Full textImproving the interactions between economic activities and the environment is a contemporary challenge and has been a major research topic for the last decades. Current trends recommend to implement dialogue processes to contribute to adaptive governance systems, ensuring both sustainable use of natural resources and protection of ecosystems. Despite growing empirical case studies, political ideologies and emerging analytical framework, the relationships between dialogue processes and effective observed changes in the human-nature interactions still remain unclear.This research explored the mechanisms through which a dialogue process may contribute to effectives changes in the way human-nature interactions were organized. To address this question, we did apprehend human-nature interactions as economic activities and focused on the organization of the markets involving natural resources. Two hypothesis of contribution of dialogue processes to market organization change based on literature were set: The improvement of organizations and individuals actors skills, knowledge and information through collective learning and the evolution of market organization through institutional change.Our research was conducted using the Girovar project as a case-study. In la Réunion, this project implemented a dialogue process to explore collectively large-scale recycling scenarios to solve a growing environmental issue of organic waste treatment. Parallel ethnographic studies were conducted to analysis both the dialogue process and evolutions of effective economic transactions involving two types of organic wastes: poultry litter and green-waste compost.Our main results are that dialogue processes provide resources to operational actors but do not trigger change. These resources include knowledge exchange and technical learning but exclusively to dialogue participants. At a broader scale, assessing the credibility, saliency and legitimacy of the recycling solution provides a “rational myth” that contributes to institutional change at both institutional and operational level. These mechanisms, whose genericity should be further assessed, qualify dialogue processes as a relevant component of a broader adaptive governance system
Dussaux, Damien. "Les effets des politiques environnementales sur le commerce international des déchets, l’innovation verte, et la compétitivité, dans un monde globalisé." Thesis, Paris, ENMP, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015ENMP0047/document.
Full textIn a globalized world, unilateral environmental policies may fail to correct market failures from a global point of view. In this dissertation, I examine some mechanisms through which environmental regulations could lead to inefficient outcomes under free trade. I also investigate how particular environmental policies such as recycling policies can help to address other concerns at the country level. In the first chapter of this dissertation, I analyze how cross-country difference in waste taxes impacts the bilateral trade in waste between the member states of the European Union. I find that a higher asymmetry in the waste taxes is associated with a non negligible amount of waste exported from strict countries to lax countries. This result illustrates the harmful impact that "race to the bottom" behaviours can have under free trade. This result has important policy implications since these behaviours can lead to an insufficient internalization of the environmental damages caused by waste management activities. Recycling policies are implemented to reduce environmental impacts but they can also mitigate country dependence on foreign raw materials. In the second chapter, I find that recycling policies substantially reduce country dependence on foreign raw materials by stimulating domestic production of secondary raw materials. In the third chapter, I test empirically whether offshoring to low-production-cost countries reduces firms' propensity to innovate in clean technologies. I find that trade with low-cost countries may have significantly reduced green innovation in high production cost countries during the last decades. In the last chapter, I use micro-data on French manufacturing to test a major part of the assumptions made in the seminal work of Porter and van der Linde. I find evidence against the Porter Hypothesis although the negative impact of regulations on firm profitability is rather small. This is evidence of a necessary but not sufficient condition for the Pollution Haven Hypothesis
Queste, Jérôme. "Concertation et changements : le cas du recyclage desdéchets organiques à la Réunion." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016GREAH009/document.
Full textImproving the interactions between economic activities and the environment is a contemporary challenge and has been a major research topic for the last decades. Current trends recommend to implement dialogue processes to contribute to adaptive governance systems, ensuring both sustainable use of natural resources and protection of ecosystems. Despite growing empirical case studies, political ideologies and emerging analytical framework, the relationships between dialogue processes and effective observed changes in the human-nature interactions still remain unclear.This research explored the mechanisms through which a dialogue process may contribute to effectives changes in the way human-nature interactions were organized. To address this question, we did apprehend human-nature interactions as economic activities and focused on the organization of the markets involving natural resources. Two hypothesis of contribution of dialogue processes to market organization change based on literature were set: The improvement of organizations and individuals actors skills, knowledge and information through collective learning and the evolution of market organization through institutional change.Our research was conducted using the Girovar project as a case-study. In la Réunion, this project implemented a dialogue process to explore collectively large-scale recycling scenarios to solve a growing environmental issue of organic waste treatment. Parallel ethnographic studies were conducted to analysis both the dialogue process and evolutions of effective economic transactions involving two types of organic wastes: poultry litter and green-waste compost.Our main results are that dialogue processes provide resources to operational actors but do not trigger change. These resources include knowledge exchange and technical learning but exclusively to dialogue participants. At a broader scale, assessing the credibility, saliency and legitimacy of the recycling solution provides a “rational myth” that contributes to institutional change at both institutional and operational level. These mechanisms, whose genericity should be further assessed, qualify dialogue processes as a relevant component of a broader adaptive governance system
Gregoire, Sylvain. "Etude et optimisation de la méthode LIBS (Laser Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy) pour l'identification de matériaux organiques appliquée au recyclage des plastiques et à la conservation du patrimoine." Phd thesis, Université de Strasbourg, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01062281.
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