Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Matières plastiques – Moulage'
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Papin, Philippe. "Etude et choix de matériaux polymères ou composites pour la réalisation d'une forme creuse - projet canoe͏̈ biplace pour la randonnée." Poitiers, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997POIT2299.
Full textRuffier, Mireille. "Mélanges polyester insaturé - polyacétate de vinyle : Etude de la morphologie et de la compensation du retrait de polymérisation." Lyon, INSA, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993ISAL0002.
Full textThis study d~al_s with _blends of unsaturated polyester and poly vinyl. Acetate - PVAc, some of them containing fillers (calcium carbonate). The reaction between two glass slides is observed by optical microscopy. With a sufficient PVAc content, phase separation occurs, possibly followed by micro fissuring. Existence and form of micro fissure depend on cure temperature. It is shown that these micro fissures are fractal and their dimension increases with temperature and PVAc content. A molding simulator bas been developed in order to study the different blends under realistic processing conditions. The shrinkage compensation is investigated as a function of pressure, temperature, PVAc content. Pressure is found to be the main parameter. The non linear effect of PVAc content is observed and explained in terms of micro void geometry. Fracture surfaces viewed by scanning electronic microscopy are characterized by their fractal dimension with two methods. Finally, the assumption of correlation between the polyester network morphology after phase separation and micro fissure morphology is verified by a computer simulation
Peyrat, Eric. "Nouveau composite biodégradable obtenu à partir de maïs plante entière : étude du procédé de transformation thermo-mécano-chimique en extrudeur bi-vis et de la mise en forme par injection-moulage." Toulouse, INPT, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000INPT100G.
Full textEl, Otmani Rabie. "Étude du refroidissement d'un polymère chaud sur une paroi métallique froide : influence des paramètres d'interfaces : application à l'injection des polymères." Lyon, INSA, 2009. http://theses.insa-lyon.fr/publication/2009ISAL0060/these.pdf.
Full textIn the polymer processing industry, it's well established that the process conditions influence strongly the quality and final part properties. The numerical simulation of all the process is then necessary to optimise and understand the interaction between the process, the material properties and structure. In the injection moulding process, one numerical difficulty concerns the exact polymer-air front tracking during the filling step. The exact determination of the interfaces is needed to describe precisely the velocity fields, the pressure distribution and the fountain flow phenomena. The two aims of this work are then : i-development of a numerical model describing the non-isothermal flow of non-Newtonian fluids as in the filling stage in the injection molding process. Ii-apply the model to study the mold-polymer interfaces interaction, and to understand the effect of several molding parameters. First, we have proposed a penalty correction for the level set method, in order to ensure the mass conservation. After its validation in various configurations, the method is then introduced in a numerical simulation of a non-Newtonian, non isothermal flow in a rectangular cavity. A strong coupling between the energy, continuity, Navier-Stokes and level-set equations is made in order to describe the polymer behaviour in the mold. A finite Elements Method is used to solve the multiphysics problem. The results show clearly the fountain flow phenomenon. Temperature, pressure, velocity profiles and viscosity evolution are calculated and the influence of the contact thermal resistance between the metallic mold and the moving polymer interface is investigated for different injection molding conditions
Dreyer, Jean-Luc. "Le compactage des matières plastiques en injection assistée par gaz." Strasbourg, 2010. https://publication-theses.unistra.fr/public/theses_doctorat/2010/DREYER_Jean-Luc_2010.pdf.
Full textThe gas assisted injection moulding is a process commonly implemented to save material while creating a cavity in a plastic part. In cases of more complex applications, it can happen that two or more bubbles are brought to merge. For a long time, this connection was considered as impossible. In some special configurations this phenomena can be provoked and its perfectly repeatable. This connection allows a homogeneous field of pressure thus diminating internal constraints due to pressure gradient. Besides, it becomes possible to control the polymer shrinkage while modifying simply the nitrogen pressure level
Debondue, Eric. "Les mécanismes de formation et de cohésion des lignes de soudure de flux dans les pièces injectées en matière plastique." Lille 1, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997LIL10135.
Full textEltzer, Thomas. "Contribution à l'intégration des approches standard et inventives dans la conception : Application à l'injection de thermoplastiques." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005STR13174.
Full textInnovation is a real need for industry today. Technical dimension of innovation relies on invention, which means technical problem solving. Our research contributes in building methodological support, assisting technical problem solving in design. The first step is the identification of a problematics in injection molding design, based on the one hand on the analysis of nine projects in two different companies, and on the other hand on a litterature review. This problematics is synthesised in the shape of three conflicts that need to be solved. These three conflicts are then generalised in a problematics in the field of technical system design. To do so, three directions existing in litterature have been reviewed: concurrent engineering, inventive design and TRIZ. The built contributions are presented in the second step. They aim at solving both of the identified problematics. Our contributions are: a knowledge modeling principle (based on three kinds of parameters, linked by objective laws) and a method using this technical knowledge (either in order to identify known solution concepts in the frame of standard design, or to formulate a key contradiction that is to be solved using TRIZ tools in the frame of inventive design). Knowledge modeling principle has been applied to injection molding in order to propose an extended knowledge base. The third step is the testing of our contributions on three projects, managed in the companies already mentionned. It has been possible to propose concept solutions to continue these projects, bloqued due to technical problem. Hence, the efficiency of our contributions has been proved
Mendoza, Rennan. "Morphologies induites dans les pièces en polyolefine moulées par injection." Paris, ENSAM, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005ENAM0006.
Full textThis work gave for objective to finely characterize the morphologies which could be found through the thickness of injection moulded plates of polypropylene and linear polyethylene, and to determine the influence of some processing parameters on these morphologies. The orientation functions of the different crystallographic axes were determined by infrared dichroism and waxs pole figures obtained with rotating anode generated beam and synchrotron beam. The lamellar distribution and dimensions were determined by saxs. Finally, the crystalline structures size was characterized by polarized light optical microscopy. The whole of the results was used to generate morphological models through the thickness of the injection moulded plates. Complex morphological structures, induced by deformation, were found: shish-kebabs with epitaxial grow of daughter lamellae for pp and with twisted to right lamellae for hdpe. More generally, the orientation of the amorphous phase is low and the anisotropy of the mechanical properties of polyolefins is controlled by the high orientation of the crystalline phase. The plate thickness and the polymer molecular weight have a strong influence on the molecular orientation and on the obtained crystalline morphologies, whereas the injection speed determines the thickness of the various morphological layers through the thickness, without appreciably modifying neither the molecular orientation levels, nor the lamellar dimensions
Sobotka, Vincent. "Optimisation thermique du procédé Resin Transfer Molding." Nantes, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004NANT2094.
Full textStructural composite materials manufactured with continuous reinforcement (either woven or long fibers) are more and more used, notably in the car industries, aeronautical, nautical and sports domains. The Resin Transfer Molding process is a process of composite part manufacture adapted to average production corresponding more and more to those met in car industries. Besides, this process complies with the environmental requirements of solvent release, molding being achieved in closed mold. This work achieved within the framework of the Programs of Research and Innovation in Ground Transport (PREDIT) of the Ministry of National Education associated several academic and industrial partners. It concerned the thermal characterization of composite materials made of unsaturated polyester and glass reinforcements, as well as their transformation. Experimental analyses were carried out by in-situ measures as well as the modelling of the heat transfer in the process. Some new models have been developed and have been validated. A first illustration of a methodology of thermal optimization of the process has been shown
Pérot, Estelle. "Optimisation et modélisation du procédé de rotomoulage." Lyon, INSA, 2006. http://theses.insa-lyon.fr/publication/2006ISAL0060/these.pdf.
Full textRotational Molding is the best method for producing large hollow plastic articles without weld lines. But it is a quite complex and empirical process. Constant quality in technical parts requires the mastery of the process by controlling on line the main physical phenomena. One of these of first importance is heat transfers. During the processing time, polymer powder melts, then the phenomena of particle coalescence and melt densification occur. After cooling, the molded part is obtained. The understanding of sintering phenomenon, linked to polymer structure, may explain surface defects and bubbles in rotationally molded parts. That’s why this project has been carried out. It is divided into two parts: the first part deals with the relationship between the material structure, the process and the final properties; the second part deals with the modelling of heat transfers during the process. Firstly, material properties such as polymer structure, rheological parameters and surface tension were studied and linked to sintering kinetics. Secondly, samples were molded with a pilot-scale rotational molding machine. This work enabled us to model the sintering phenomenon and to bind its kinetics with polymer structure, rheological properties and final parts properties. An experimental analysis of heat transfer in rotational molding process was also lead by using an instrumented mold associated with an original radio transmission data acquisition system. Moreover, a thermal model was developped by using a static heated plate in order to validate the numerical results. This modelling took into account the sintering phenomenon
Godin, Marie-Christine. "Valorisation de plastiques recyclés en provenance des centres de tri." Thesis, Université Laval, 2013. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2013/29740/29740.pdf.
Full textPierre, Nathalie. "Procédé d'injection-moulage : relations entre la phase de plastification et les propriétés des objets finis." Lyon 1, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000LYO10295.
Full textVan, Gorp Adrien. "Optimisation du temps de cycle d'injection de pièces plastiques." Compiègne, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007COMP1722.
Full textIn plastic injection, the mold must be designed to increase the heat fluxes leading to the cooling time. Firstly, this work is focused on the heat exchange between the mold and the cooling fluid. A technical solution is proposed to reduce the sub-layer which indues a heat fluxes limitation. Experimental results and numeric simulations show that exchange is increased about 7%. Next, the influence of 4 process parameters is studied on the polymeric material (characterized by means of shrinkage and hardness measurements) and on the gloss and roughness of injected parts surface. Results lead to a main effect of injection temperature and velocity. These effects on the material are linked with the cristallinity promoted by the injection temperature. The main effect on the surface is explained by the evolution of the polymer viscosity during the injection phase. Globally, it seems to be important to take into account the different physical phenomena in the cycle rime optimization by modifying the injection parameters
Massé, Hugues. "Couplages thermomécaniques lors de la solidification de matériaux polymères." Bordeaux 1, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000BOR12318.
Full textEsposito, Antonella. "Visualization of the flow in a screw / barrel system. Real-time monitoring of polymer / clay mixing." Lyon, INSA, 2008. http://theses.insa-lyon.fr/publication/2008ISAL0124/these.pdf.
Full textL'addition de nanocharges aux polymères fondus en améliore les propriétés si elle sont parfaitement désagglomérées, dispersées et distribuées dans la matrice. Les charges lamellaires et leur nanocomposites attirent depuis quelque temps une attention croissante, tant de la part du monde académique que de l'industrie, imposant ainsi des critères d'homogénéité du mélange polymère/charges plus stricts et multiéchelle. La morphologie des nanocomposites à base de charges lamellaires est difficile à caractériser et presque autant difficile à décrire, à cause des problèmes de dispersion et/ou distribution. Une nouvelle méthode pour le suivi en ligne des évolutions morphologiques des mélanges polymère/argile lors du procédé de mise en oeuvre pourrait contribuer de façon significative au développement et à la commercialisation des nanocomposites. L'objectif de ce travail est de poser les bases pour le développement d'une méthode de caractérisation morphologique qui puisse mettre en évidence et comprendre les mécanismes de dispersion/distribution de charges dans un milieu visqueux (polymère thermoplastique fondu ou résine thermodurcissable non réticulée) en écoulement dans un système à géométrie complexe (zone de pompage des ensemble vis/fourreau pour l'extrusion et l'injection). Nous avons repris une maquette froide (Visiovis) assemblée auparavant dans le laboratoire du Site de Plasturgie à Oyonnax, présentant l'avantage considérable d'être constituée d'un fourreau entièrement transparent, et nous l'avons adaptée à la visualisation du mélange d'un polymère modèle (PDMS) avec des argiles commerciales préalablement photo-fonctionnalisées par échange cationique avec un fluorophore
Gosselin, Ryan. "Injection de mousses composites bois/plastiques d'origine post- consommation." Thesis, Université Laval, 2005. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2005/22718/22718.pdf.
Full textFaucher, Anne-Laure. "Apport de la simulation numérique à la conception des semelages : application à l'injection des semelles en élastomères thermoplastiques et au surmoulage." Saint-Etienne, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004STET4021.
Full textMuller, Jean-Damien. "Etude des changements de phase de polymère dans le procédé de rotomoulage : coalescence et cristallisation couplées à la thermique du procédé." Lyon, INSA, 2008. http://theses.insa-lyon.fr/publication/2008ISAL0069/these.pdf.
Full textRotomolding is a process of plastic forming which can produce hollow and high volume parts without weld line. Phase changements during the process determine the final quality of the part. The lack of modelling of the process limits its development. This thesis is divided in 2 parts: the first deals with understanding and modelling of the coalescence of polymer materials; the second part will present work on understanding the powder flow during the rotomolding and modelling thermal process. During the heat phase the coalescence is a perponderant phenomenon whose kinetics depend on the material used. A study with model materials, liquid at room temperature, made it possible to determine the parameters governing manily the sintering kinetics. The influence of these parameters was also tested with industrial materials. The powder flow of a polymer during the rotomolding has been studied with a mold with a transparent face. In addition it was possible to observe the different phases taking place in particular during the heating phase (the accession of powder and progressive fusion). To understand and be able to model the thermal exchanges during the rotomolding, a study was conducted in collaboration with the Laboratoire de Thermocinétique of Nantes. The measure temperatures at different points in the mould and the heat flow were carried out in situ during a cycle. The predicted temperature profile during the cooling phase has been described by coupling the heat and a model of crystallization kinetic
Farouq, Youssef. "Analyse du comportement thermique et dimensionnel des pièces moulées par injection." Nantes, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006NANT2037.
Full textHeat exchange during the polymer injection moulding process, have a great influence on the physical and dimensional properties of the moulded products. Injection technology development is limited by the lack of knowledge of the thermal behavior of polymers. A better appreciation of the real state of the matter makes it possible to optimize the cycle times by an opening of the mould at the convenient moment. This knowledge is essential to improve the productivity and quality of the parts. At the ejection, the knowledge of the thermal field makes it possible to apprehend the dimensional evolution of the plastic parts. The forecast of the thermal fields during the cycle of moulding and after the release from the mould opens a broad field of investigation. In this study, we analyze the thermal and dimensional behavior from the end of filling stage to the complete cooling of the moulded parts of polystyrene and polypropylene using a in-situ measurement of the temperature in the depth and at the surface of the part and a dimensional measurement after the ejection phase. In chapter I, we present the thermal phenomena occuring in the injection process and the defects of moulded parts due to warping and the shrinkage. Chapter II shows the experimental device used for the direct measurement of the temperature during the moulding cycle and after release from the mould, as well as the dimensional measurement during the cooling phase out of the mould. Chapter III deals with the description of the thermal models used in this study. Confrontation between calculation and the experiment makes it possible to validate the assumptions emitted on the thermal phenomena observed in experiments during the process of injection. The results of this comparison are covered in chapter IV. The chapter V presents the results obtained using the device allowing the measurement of the thermal and dimensional evolution of the injected parts and their interpretation
Willien, Jean-Luc. "Modélisation surfacique du remplissage de moules en injection des thermoplastiques." Paris, ENMP, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992ENMP0338.
Full textMontezin, Fabrice. "Etude de l'influence des conditions de thermoformage et d'injection sur les propriétés d'aspect de pièces surmoulées." Paris, ENMP, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001ENMP1182.
Full textRouilly, Antoine. "Nouveaux agro-matériaux composites à matrice protéique ou polysaccharidique : étude du fractionnement, de la transformation et de la mise en forme par extrusion et par injection-moulage de la pulpe de betterave et du tourteau de tournesol." Toulouse, INPT, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002INPT032G.
Full textLaurent-Mounier, Anne. "Conception d'un capteur polyvalent en fibres de carbone pour l'analyse et le suivi du moulage RTM de composites à matrice organique." Lille 1, 2002. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/RESTREINT/Th_Num/2002/50376-2002-383.pdf.
Full textYao, Jiaolian. "DENSITY GRADED LMDPE FOAMS PRODUCED UNDER A TEMPERATURE GRADIENT: MORPHOLOGY AND PROPERTIES." Thesis, Université Laval, 2011. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2011/28072/28072.pdf.
Full textIn this work, linear medium density polyethylene (LMDPE) and Expancel microbeads were used to produce density graded polymer foams using compression molding. By controlling independently the top and bottom plate temperatures in the mold, different temperatures and molding times were used to produce symmetric and asymmetric foams. The effect of blowing agent type and content were also studied to control the density profile and foam morphology (cell size and cell density) across thickness. Finally, the mechanical behavior in flexion and tension is reported and discussed in relation with foam morphology and structure.
Viale, Jérémy. "Etude chemiorhéologique de systèmes thermodurcissables dédiée à la compréhension du procédé de rotomoulage réactif." Lyon, INSA, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009ISAL0114.
Full textThis study comes within the scope of New Technology for Energy, particularly for high pressure hydrogen storage. Reactive rotational moulding has been identified as an adapted process for hydrogentight liners manufacturing. Thus the reactive rotational moulding process has been studied in order to find theoretical tools dedidacted to the understanding of such a reactive forming process. Chemical kinetics of four polyurethanes and polyepoxydes reactive systems have been determined on classical isothermal conditions and original anisothermal conditions i. E. On temperature ramps. Anisothermal conditions have been selected because they corresponds better to real process conditions. Rheological behaviour have also been characterized on two different approaches, an isothermal one and on temperature ramps. In particular, viscosity have been described as a function of heating rate. These physical and chemical results have been compiled in an original state diagramm in order to show material properties evolution in a time-temperature space. The whole ex situ characterizations are then managed to described the behavior of the different formulations during the rotational moulding. Moreover they allow to form specific materials and so to widden the range of material to thermoset polymers. Finally, in order to correlate theoretical deduction to real reactive systems evolution, the elaboration of innovating monitoring tool based on ultrasonic analysis has been studied. To begin, polymerization monitoring criteria have been identified and then specific techniques have been set to monitor these criteria in real forming process
Carronnier, Delphine. "Pièces composites structurales injectées à basse pression sur préformes. Recherche d'une méthodologie de conception couplée à la réalisation." Toulouse 3, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995TOU30170.
Full textGueguen, Mikaël. "Couplage thermomécanique appliqué au procédé d'injection. Prise en compte de la cristallisation." Lorient, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005LORIS061.
Full textThis study deals with the simulation of thermomechanical coupling applied to injection process. In this work, we focus on packing/cooling step. We use the finite element method to describe the thermomechanical coupling. Our tridimensionnal modelling use several law behaviour for the mechanical part, in particular a thermodependant hypoelastic law. The tait law determine the dilatation and compressibility coefficient of the polymer, semi-cristalline or amorphous. We introduce the frozen-in pressure, added to the thermal shrinkage, allowing to model the behaviour of the polymer and the creation of the residual stresses during the packing and the cooling step. The thermal boundary conditions depends of the shrinkage occuring during the process. We compare the model to experimental results of the cooling of injected sample. In a second time, we take into account the phase change phenomena. A study is done between different algorithms to modelling the phase change. We compare these algorithms with the analytical solution of stefan's problem. We retain the fictitious source term method to modelling the cristallization of semi-cristalline polymers. We use the non-isothermal nakamura kinetics, including a dependancy to the pressure
Cilleruelo, Laura. "Analyse des relations mise en oeuvre/structure/propriétés mécaniques du PET renforcé de fibres de verre longues." Lille 1, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005LIL10148.
Full textThe aim of this project was to optimise the material-process couple in the case of long glass fibre reinforced PET, so as to comply with industrial requirements of mechanical performances. The influences of some parameters on the microstructure (fibre orientations, local fibre and cristallinity rates) and the related flexural and impact properties have been in particular studied on a part whose shape was typical of industrial geometries. These parameters were the injection moulding conditions, the tooling gate types, the processing technology (injection moulding, injection-compression moulding, co-moulding of fabrics) and the material formulation (e. G. Initial fibre content and presence of additives such as pigment and nucleating agents). The results have allowed pointing out the parameters that govern the process (holding pressure, filling rate, mould temperature), optimising the mechanical performances by a better control of the local anisotropy and heterogeneity (through gate size and location), and gaining a better knowledge of the mechanisms inducing brittleness due to the adjunction of carbon black or nucleating agents, whose effects are related both to their nature and to the mould temperature
Hosdez, Valérie. "Détermination des déformations 3D de pièces thermoplastiques chargées fibres de verre courtes." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2008. https://publication-theses.unistra.fr/restreint/theses_doctorat/2008/HOSDEZ_Valerie_2008.pdf.
Full textThe aim of this work is to predict the shrinkage and warpage of short fiber reinforced thermoplastic parts produced through injection molding. The material used was first characterized under conditions approaching process conditions. Results were then integrated to the calculation. Moreover, a 3D simulation of the process allowed the definition of the fiber orientation in the parts. Shrinkage and warpage after ejection were then calculated with two material models (orthotropic elastic and transversal isotropic viscoelastic). Orientation properties due to injection were transferred to structural analysis thanks to an interface. Finally, the results have been compared to experimental warpage measurements. On a long term, the experimental and iterative phase necessary to determine the optimal process parameters should be replaced by the predictions of the simulation on this way
Bégin, Mathieu. "Effet de la ligne de soudure sur le polypropylène renforcé de fibres de verre et moussé par injection." Thesis, Université Laval, 2007. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2007/24849/24849.pdf.
Full textJia, Dawei. "Évaluation des contraintes internes par méthode ultrasonore dans les pièces plastiques injectées." Thesis, Lille 1, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009LIL10107.
Full textThe mechanical properties and the dimensional precision of the injection molded polymer parts are influenced by the process-induced residual stresses. This study shows the potential of the ultrasonic method based acoustoelastic effect to evaluate the residual stresses in amorphous polymer plates with Lcr waves. Firstly, special holding fixtures were designed according to their function analyses and the optimization of some parameters (ultrasonic field, incidence angle and emitter-receiver distance). They were used to determine the acoustoelastic coefficients K33 and K11, as well as the coefficient P corresponding to the temperature effect on the longitudinal wave velocity in studied materials. Then ultrasonic measurements were applied to partially relaxed PC and PS plates, through C-Scan system to evaluate average stresses across plate thickness, and Lcr waves to evaluate the surface stress. The measurement reliability was validated by comparing the results with those of the photoelasticity. The poor plate thickness (3 mm) affects the measure accuracy of the speed scanning, while it is improved a lot by using Lcr waves (Ds » ±2 MPa), so we turn to the latter only. The last part of the study concerns the determination of the stresses after manufacturing of new plates and that of stress profile in different thicknesses by changing the frequency of the wave Lcr
Bigot, Erwan. "Simulation tridimensionnelle du remplissage de corps minces par injection." Paris, ENMP, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002ENMP1073.
Full textChaouki, Hicham. "Modélisation du comportement des composites thermoplastiques à renforts continus dans les procédés de mise en forme." Thesis, Université Laval, 2011. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2011/27682/27682.pdf.
Full textVera, Julie. "Texturation de surface de pièces polymères injectées à partir de la structuration submicronique du moule." Thesis, Lyon, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LYSEC025/document.
Full textOver the past decades, industrial and academic research groups have been trying to functionalize surfaces, i.e. provide new properties to surfaces, in order to obtain specific functions such as friction reduction, anti-fog or de-icing properties. Among the various existing surface treatment techniques, laser ablation using an ultra-short pulse laser gives the opportunity to generate submicronic textures, which play an essential role in their functional behavior. However, in the case of mass production of textured surfaces, it is preferable to reproduce these textures with a fingerprinting technique for reasons of cost-effectiveness.This work focuses on the study of the various factors involved in the replication of submicronic topographies by plastic injection. Understanding the influence of the parameters of the injection process, the properties of the injected polymer and the surface chemistry of the mold (with or without coating) is key to controlling the quality of the injected part.A first study was carried out on two polypropylenes of different viscosities under low shear rate (MFR grade). A first step was to develop a methodology enabling to quantify the quality of replication of periodic and random submicron structures between the injected part and the mold. For identical injection parameters, it was observed that the quality of replication of the patterns on the injected parts was different when viscosity changed. A study of the structural and rheological characteristics of the polymers was carried out. This difference in replication was not due to their viscosity under the injection conditions in spite of very different MFR grades but to their mode of stress relaxation during the cooling phase [1]. A second study focused on the influence of the surface chemistry of molds when filling the cavities in the injection process. We mainly studied the phenomenon of adhesion of a molten polymer on different chromium nitride, titanium-based and DLC films deposited on mold substrates. From the temperature wetting tests and the surface energy measurements of the molten polymers, we determined the work of adhesion between the polymers and the coated or non-coated molds at injection temperatures [2]. On the basis of these results, we performed a synthesis work by developing a statistical approach based on the analysis of experimental plans in order to quantify the influence of various factors, both process (injection rates, Impression, mold temperature, etc.) and material (different polymers, different coatings on the mold) related. We showed that thermal exchanges at the mold-polymer interface had a dominant role in the quality of replication. In particular, these exchanges depend on the nature of the coatings and regulates the formation of the solid sheath during microinjection [3].[1] J. Vera, A.-C. Brulez, E. Contraires, M. Larochette, S. Valette, S. Benayoun, Influence of the polypropylene structure on the replication of nanostructures by injection molding, J. Micromech. Microeng. 25 (2015) 115027. doi:10.1088/0960-1317/25/11/115027.[2] J. Vera, E. Contraires, A.-C. Brulez, M. Larochette, S. Valette, S. Benayoun, Wetting of polymer melts on coated and uncoated steel surfaces, Applied Surface Science. 410 (2017) 87–98. doi:10.1016/j.apsusc.2017.02.067.[3] J. Vera, A.-C. Brulez, E. Contraires, M. Larochette, N. Trannoy-Orban, M. Pignon, C. Mauclair, S. Valette, S. Benayoun, Factors influencing micro-injection quality, Journal of Micromechanics and Microengineering. (soumis en juin 2017)
Saint-Martin, Gilles. "Etude typologique des défauts structuraux générés au cours de la mise en forme par injection de composites à matrice polymère thermostable renforcés par fibres de verre courtes." Paris, ENMP, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003ENMP1146.
Full textFournier, Jean-Étienne. "Analyse des écoulements de thermoplastiques par vélocimétrie par imagerie de particules : application aux procédés d'extrusion et d'injection." Thesis, Lille 1, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008LIL10167/document.
Full textQuality or aesthetic defects of the plastic parts manufactured by injection moulding process are partly controlled by the flow conditions during filling stage. Sorne hypotheses, notably that of a slipping at the mould wall, are proposed in literature to explain their origin. But, because a lack of appropriate tools, compatible with the very severe environment of plastic processing, they have not been confirmed yet by experimental works. The present study tries to fill up this lacuna by analysing the validity of an original method of direct visualization of flows in extrusion and injection moulding processes by particle image velocimetry. Results obtained for extrusion experiments are conclusive and confirm the validity of this method. ln the particular case of a polycarbonate, they obviously show a wall slip phenomenon; confirmed by classic rheological measurements. This wall slip can lead the perturbations of the flow, especially near the geometrical discontinuities. The transposition in the injection moulding case, more delicate, clearly shows the practical difficulties related to the process environment. Neverthelesse, a qualitative analysis allows to relate the flow conditions at the mould wall with the appearance of a defect on the surface of the part. The quantitative analysis remains however to be confirmed in future studies
Gourichon, Boris. "Analyse expérimentale et modélisation des mécanismes de génération de micro-vides en moulage RTM de composites organiques." Lille 1, 2005. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/RESTREINT/Th_Num/2005/50376-2005-126.pdf.
Full textComas-Cardona, Sébastien. "Modélisation, simulation et contrôle du couplage hydro-mécanique pour le moulage de composites." Lille 1, 2005. https://ori-nuxeo.univ-lille1.fr/nuxeo/site/esupversions/3efa882a-9b13-4d8c-9093-5fb158ec4af4.
Full textHavard, Nicolas. "Conduite adaptative du procédé d'injection des thermoplastiques : relations mode de pilotage/ propriétés dimensionnelles." Lille 1, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004LIL10046.
Full textChedly, Slaheddine. "Compromis choc acoustique des matériaux poreux : relations procédé – produit - performances." Reims, 2008. http://theses.univ-reims.fr/exl-doc/GED00000856.pdf.
Full textIn car industry, security is an important subject in recent years and car manufacturers involve in the development of new technologies so that their products are more reliable for passengers. In the current context concerning both pedestrian shock and vehicles noise, materials selection offering good compromise between these aspects is an important concern of vehicle manufacturers. One possibility is the use of poroelastic materials stuck under engine cowling, which offer good energy dissipation upon impact, and good attenuation of acoustic waves emitted by the engine. For this, knowledge of Process - Product - Performances relationships is necessary. Modeling tools (Responses Surface Method, Kriging,…) are used to build empirical models expressing shock and acoustic performances of porous materials in order to quantify the relationship Process - Performances and Product - Performances. In this brief, the choice of inputs, outputs and experimental design type is crucial in the prospect of building meta-models. Genetic algorithms were effective tool when searching porous materials shock - acoustic compromise according to process conditions and intrinsic characteristics. The purpose of this work is searching ideal material offering good performances in shock absorption and acoustic isolation in the design area of design
Carré, Méline. "Développement de nouveaux polymères fonctionnels et intelligents, ayant des propriétés optiques modifiables sur demande." Thesis, Mulhouse, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021MULH4570.
Full textThermoplastics are a class of polymers widely used in industry because of their low processing costs. Pellets of thermoplastic are heated and then the melted thermoplastic can take every shape. Several methods can be used like injection molding, extrusion, thermoforming or 3D printing to give the shape. No solvent is required during the process. The interesting characteristic is that thermoplastics are recyclable, unlike the other class of polymer called thermoset. In fact, the material could be reheated to be remolded several times without affecting the chemical structure. All of these attract the interest of several sectors like medicine, aeronautics or automobile. The aim of this work is to develop smart thermoplastics with new additional properties. Additives are incorporated into the thermoplastic to give stimuli responsive properties. Usually additives are mixed with resin and the ink is applied to the surface or thermoplastics are solved to be mixed with additives. In this study, we want to avoid coating and solvent in order to obtain intrinsic properties by cleaning way. Therefore, additives are mixed with melted thermoplastic. The difficulty is to incorporate the additive and mold thermoplastics at high temperature (from 150 °C to 300 °C) without damaging additives
Nafi, Adelhak. "Etude expérimentale et numérique du comportement mécanique de moules d'injection de plastique obtenus par le procédé de Stratoconception." Toulouse 3, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005TOU30018.
Full textThis research is a contribution to the study of behaviour of the brazed assemblies intended for the realization of injection mould of thermoplastics obtained by the stacking of elementary steel sheets, machined then brazed together. Mechanical tests have been carried out, in order to characterize the brazed assembly under the brazing configuration regarded as favourable. An elastoplastic behaviour with isotropic work hardening of the braze material was identified using a least-squares method, based on experimental results and on finite-elements calculations. The 3D elastic behaviour within the brazing joint was studied, under various loading conditions, so as to predict the conditions for plastification of the joint. Last, a numerical study of the geometrical parameters of a brazed assembly was carried out to evaluate the stress distribution within the brazing joint (under pure shear and traction loadings, respectively)
Fréret, Lucie Viviane Françoise. "Méthodes particulaires en vue de la simulation numérique pour la plasturgie." Châtenay-Malabry, Ecole centrale de Paris, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007ECAP1058.
Full textThe framework of this thesis is the simulation of injection processes of thermoplastic materials. The aim is to simulate numerically fluid flows with free boundaries where transition of phase can occur. More precisely, in this work, we have considered bidimensionnal incompressible viscous flows with Lagrangian meshless methods. The lack of consistency of discetrized partial derivatives operator for the MPS method (Moving Particle Semi-implicit) is shown. By using approximated consistent meshless techniques close to MLS approximation (Moving Least Square), we then propose an original Lagrangian meshless method which discretize incompressible Navier-Stokes equations in a purely Lagrangian formulation. Concerning the semi-discretization in time, we use the classical projection method. The resultant fractionnal step method consists in three stages: a prediction step of position and velocity field, a correction step of position particles and a correction step of velocities field. Such a discretization keeps the particle repartition regular and do not need to create or destroy particles. An original numerical treatment to track or capture free surfaces and computation of surface tension force are proposed. We compare numerical results to experiments showing the capability of our method to calculate mono-fluid free surface flows. In a second part, we present a bi-fluid extension using a melt model. The Rayleigh-Taylor results are compared to these obtained by other methods. Because of the limitations of such model, we focus on a bifluid model where each fluid is calculated. This model needs first the non-constant coefficient operator div( a grad) to be discretized. We the use an integral representation ans a quadrature formulae with Gauss's points. The numerical model obtained is a previously three step method adaptation. Precise numerical results show the significance of the approach
Uhalte, Nogues Sira. "Contribution à l’analyse des écoulements de polymères fondus en parois minces." Thesis, Lille 1, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009LIL10131.
Full textReducing the wall thickness of the injection moulded polymeric parts meets requirements of lightness, productivity and sustainable development. This may induce poor quality of the final product and issues during processing. Those effects are due to the mechanisms taking place at the polymer/tool which prevail during the flow. Processing optimization requires a better understanding of these local mechanisms and effective technical solutions to facilitate the polymer flow. An original experimental device for online capillary rheometry has been developed, in which very high shear rates, characteristic of the injection moulding process, can be achieved. This device, combined with that data from more traditional rheological characterization allows to evaluate different solutions for improving the injection moulding of a low density polyethylene in thin walls (molecular weight reduction, slip agents, nanoparticles intended for increasing the rigidity of the final part). The isothermal rheological investigation have shown the inefficiency of the lubricating agents considered for this study and the limited potential of the reduction of polymer molecular weight. Nevertheless, it highlighted the interest of adding nanoparticles to the injected polymer to assure an improvement of the mechanical properties and for varying the flow property in thin walls. The validation of this method on industrial injected parts (anisothermal mode) offered some finer conclusions. In particular, the use of nanocomposites based on low molecular weight polymers seems more relevant, in particular due to a concentration mechanism of the nanoparticles in the fluid vein
Morin, Yohann. "Aluminum organometallic chemistry related to ring opening metathesis polymerization of dicyclopentadiene : understanding, improvement and development of industrially-relevant systems." Thesis, Lille 1, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LIL10033.
Full textPolydicylopentadiene is a material featuring remarkable usage properties. It is obtained by ring opening metathesis polymerization (ROMP) of dicyclopentadiene. Industrial processes rely on the reactive injection molding of two monomer solutions: the first one contains a source of group 6 metal (Mo, W), and the second one, a mixture of chloroalkylaluminum, alcohol and various additives. Their combination generates in situ active species that perform metathesis. In the present work, we focused on the aluminum-based formulation. We have first studied the aluminum organometallic chemistry that is directly connected to the industrial formulations, which allowed us to understand and rationalize the observations made on these systems. Then, from this point on, we developed new aluminic formulations for polydicyclopentadiene preparation under industrially relevant conditions, working along two directions: modification avec the alcohol component, and modification of the chloroalkyl aluminum species. Some mechanical properties of the thus obtained materials proved to be better than those resulting from classical processes. Furthermore, the input from organometallic chemistry was critical to the understanding of the relationships between preparation modes and performances of the catalytic systems.From this study, we propose a new industrial solution for the production of polydicyclopentadiene by reactive injection molding
Lucas, Albert. "Suivi du comportement viscoélastique des polymères par ultrasons durant le rotomoulage réactif du polyuréthane." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris, ENSAM, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024ENAME076.
Full textThe study focuses on monitoring the viscoelastic behaviour of polymers, particularly polyurethane, during the reactive rotational moulding process, with the aim of optimising the production of Type IV tanks for hydrogen storage. One of the main challenges was the development of a real-time monitoring method using ultrasonic technology to control the viscosity of the material during polymerisation. This technique ensures a homogeneous distribution of the polymer and complete polymerisation, both essential for guaranteeing the quality of the produced parts.The innovative aspect of this research lies in the use of ultrasound, which provides more precise monitoring of the evolution of the mechanical properties of polyurethane compared to traditional temperature-based methods. Complementary techniques such as rheometry, DMA (dynamic mechanical analysis), and DSC (differential scanning calorimetry) allowed for a deeper understanding of the thermomechanical properties of the material, offering a more comprehensive view of the polymerisation process.However, integrating ultrasonic sensors into a rotating mould, which revolves simultaneously on two axes, posed challenges due to the heat and vibrations inherent in the moulding process. Optimising this integration remains a critical challenge for industrial applications. The thesis objectives were partially met, notably by demonstrating a clear correlation between ultrasonic measurements and the rheological properties of polyurethane. This approach also allows for better control of production parameters, such as temperature and time, thereby reducing costs and improving process reliability.Nonetheless, areas for improvement remain. Integrating sensors into an industrial environment is still complex, requiring further studies to optimise their positioning and resistance to production conditions. It is also suggested to develop multiparametric sensors capable of simultaneously measuring viscosity, temperature, and elastic moduli to provide more comprehensive material monitoring.In conclusion, this thesis has demonstrated the significant potential of using ultrasound to improve the control and quality of products in reactive rotational moulding, paving the way for advancements in the production of high-performance polymers and composites
Giraudeau, Joan. "Relations entre la microstructure et le comportement mécanique de matrices polyamide 66 injectées." Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PSLEM080/document.
Full textThis study focuses on polyamide 66 matrices, formed as injection molded plates. The aim of the study is to highlight existing interrelations between microstructural organization and mechanic behavior.At first, the analysis is limited to one plate. A microstructural mapping has been done, and shows a typical injection molded organization, with evolutions in thickness and injection directions. Therefore, some areas can be differentiated, the superficial ones, those in contact with the mold, where the crystallization is induced by thermal gradient and shear stresses quite important, contrary to bulk areas which have known more stable conditions. Evolutions along the injection direction are more subtle and seem to be induced by the transportation of matter or different pressure conditions during the injection process.These microstructural differences are reflected on the mechanical plan and evolutions in the same directions have been observed. It appears that crystallites dimensions, perfection levels, constraint of amorphous phase or crystallinity ratio all impact on mechanical properties, even if interrelations are complex and not easy to discriminate.The influence of humidity on polyamide 66 material has been observed and discussed. This parameter controls the position of the material relatively to its glass transition and determines the way microstructure is implicated in deformation mechanisms.Finally, the study has been extended to different processing conditions. Although the evolutions that have been noticed were very small, they have helped to refine the analysis and confirm some points
Calvez, Laurent. "Nouveaux verres et vitrocéramiques transparents dans l'infrarouge pour l'imagerie thermique." Phd thesis, Université Rennes 1, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00133211.
Full textNous avons démontré que des vitrocéramiques transparentes dans l'infrarouge lointain pouvaient être obtenues de façon reproductible. Des cristaux, dont la taille inférieure à 100 nm peut être contrôlée, permettent une augmentation de la résistance aux chocs thermiques. L'aptitude à combiner le processus de céramisation et le moulage de verres est démontré.
Afin d'améliorer les propriétés mécaniques des verres, des échanges ioniques entre alcalins ont atteint une profondeur de 15 µm dans le verre. Les changements d'indices surfaciques laissent entrevoir des possibilités d'application de couches anti-reflets ou de guide d'onde planaire.
Lefèvre, Delphine. "Étude expérimentale, modélisation et simulation de la filtration lors de l'écoulement d'une résine chargée de particules à travers un renfort fibreux dans les technologies LCM." Lille 1, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007LIL10144.
Full textDubromez, Vincent. "Amélioration des performances du polycarbonate et des mélanges polycarbonate/polystyrène par des copolymères à blocs ABC." Thesis, Lille 1, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009LIL10139.
Full textPolycarbonate (PC) is a widely used thermoplastic polymer for numerous industrial and biomedical applications, due to its exceptional use properties (transparency, mechanical and thermal behavior). Nevertheless, the PC exhibits two major defects: high viscosity and poor notch impact properties. The goal of the present study was to propose a solution for these two issues, while preserving the PC transparency. Three ways were investigated: (i) the decrease of viscosity via adding polystyrene (PS), (ii) the improvement of notch impact behavior by adding poly(styrene-b-butadiene-bmethylmethacrylate) block copolymers (SBM) and (iii) simultaneous use of PS and SBM. Adding PS to a PC matrix does decrease its viscosity, while preserving the transparency. However, the mechanical properties of PC/PS blends are inferior to those of the neat PC. The experimental study on binary PC/SBM blends point out the great influence of the nature and proportion of the copolymer in the blend, as well as of the matrix viscosity, on the final properties of the blends. The investigation of the ternary PC/PS/SBM blends demonstrate that it is possible to obtain an improvement of the notch impact properties, while preserving the PC transparency – by generating a homogeneous and well dispersed blend morphology. This requires an optimal combination between the matrix fluidity, the nature and the proportion of block copolymers and PS, and also an appropriate choice of the processing conditions