Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Matières plastiques – Propriétés mécaniques'
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Lallam, Abdelaziz. "Corrélations entre les propriétés thermomécaniques de films diélectriques plastiques et les caractéristiques de composants passifs." Lyon 1, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985LYO19054.
Full textPoisson, Charles. "Optimisation de films complexes PE/Liant/PA à propriétés d'usage maîtrisées." Lille 1, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005LIL10152.
Full textThe modification of the microstructure and the interdiffusion as well as the intermolecular interactions induced by addition of EVA in the PE layer PE/binder/PA packaging films improve the seal ability and the optical properties without degradation of the mechanical and adhesion performances. Only the sleep ability is deteriorated. The addition of EVA in the tie layer improve the PEgMAH/PA6-66 adhesion properties modification of the type and the density of the intermolecular interactions between tie layer, PA and EVA. The substitution of a linear PA6 by a branched leads to a degradation of the PEgMAH/PA6 adhesion properties which is mainly controlled by the contact time between the polymers. The slip ability was adjusted by addition of slip agents in the (PE+EVA) layer whose efficiency is limited by the presence of the adjacent layers and the formation of a non-uniform lubricating layer. The use of nanofillers in the PA6 layer leads to an improvement of the mechanical properties but a limited reduction of the gas permeability
Cilleruelo, Laura. "Analyse des relations mise en oeuvre/structure/propriétés mécaniques du PET renforcé de fibres de verre longues." Lille 1, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005LIL10148.
Full textThe aim of this project was to optimise the material-process couple in the case of long glass fibre reinforced PET, so as to comply with industrial requirements of mechanical performances. The influences of some parameters on the microstructure (fibre orientations, local fibre and cristallinity rates) and the related flexural and impact properties have been in particular studied on a part whose shape was typical of industrial geometries. These parameters were the injection moulding conditions, the tooling gate types, the processing technology (injection moulding, injection-compression moulding, co-moulding of fabrics) and the material formulation (e. G. Initial fibre content and presence of additives such as pigment and nucleating agents). The results have allowed pointing out the parameters that govern the process (holding pressure, filling rate, mould temperature), optimising the mechanical performances by a better control of the local anisotropy and heterogeneity (through gate size and location), and gaining a better knowledge of the mechanisms inducing brittleness due to the adjunction of carbon black or nucleating agents, whose effects are related both to their nature and to the mould temperature
Gauthier, Catherine. "Composites unidirectionnels PET-Verre : relations morphologie, mise en œuvre, propriétés mécaniques." Lyon 1, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992LYO10046.
Full textNaceri, Abdelghani. "Caractérisation du comportement mécanique de composites renforcés par tissus en traction uniaxiale à différents taux d'humidité." Lyon 1, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991LYO10104.
Full textGodin, Marie-Christine. "Valorisation de plastiques recyclés en provenance des centres de tri." Thesis, Université Laval, 2013. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2013/29740/29740.pdf.
Full textLe, Guillaume. "Amélioration des propriétés choc d'une matrice polyamide-12 par dispersion réactive d'un élastomère liquide." Caen, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001CAEN2039.
Full textDelfolie, Corinne. "Phénomènes d'interface et réponse mécanique dans des composites polyester - verre." Lille 1, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996LIL10221.
Full textLes influences respectives du degré de solubilité et de la nature de l'additif sur la microstructure de l'interphase sont découplées. Dans les systèmes insolubles, l'ensimage formant un réseau réticule à la surface du verre, son influence sur la thermodynamique locale est réduite. La liaison à l'interface est assurée par la formation d'un réseau interpénètre réticule, ce qui confère un caractère fragile à l'interface dans ces composites. Dans le cas soluble, la nature de l'additif low profile est déterminante dans la constitution de l'interphase. Pour le système à base pvac, la solubilisation partielle de l'ensimage modifie localement le diagramme de phase ternaire up-st-lpa, et conduit à la ségrégation du thermoplastique à l'interface. L'interphase a alors un caractère plutôt ductile. Pour le système à base pmma(ho), le développement de liaisons hydrogène au sein de l'additif limite la solubilisation de l'ensimage, et donc son influence sur la gélification de la résine. Les ponts hydrogène jouant le rôle de nœuds de réticulation, le schéma de constitution de l'interface est similaire à celui du système insoluble
Touré, Birane. "Incorporation d'additifs retardateurs de flamme dans un copolymère PP-PE : conséquences sur le comportement au feu, la microstructure et les propriétés mécaniques." Montpellier 2, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995MON20116.
Full textMechraoui, Ahmed. "Sandwich composite de mousses polymères." Thesis, Université Laval, 2010. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2010/27452/27452.pdf.
Full textThe aim of this work is to produce and characterize polypropylene structural composite foams. To do so, the work is divided in three parts. The first part is devoted to study the reinforcement of polypropylene with hemp fibres by changing the fibre content, fibre size and coupling agent concentration. Micrographs are used to explain the results of the mechanical properties measured under tensile and flexural stress. It is found that 2% of coupling agent gives the optimum modulus values. In the second part, polypropylene foams are produced by compression moulding with different concentrations of blowing agent to determine the effect of density reduction and density profile on the tensile and flexural properties. The morphological characteristics (cell size, cell density and skin thickness) of the foams are also examined. It is found that the use of the complete density profile is necessary to predict with high precision the mechanical results. Finally, sandwich structures are produced with different skin ratio and core densities. A complete morphological analysis is reported with mechanical properties (tensile and flexural). It is shown that the simple law of mixture and the square power-law combined with the density profile are enough to predict the effect of the skins and core, respectively.
Mercier, Daniel. "Simulation par la méthode des éléments finis du thermoformage de plaques épaisses." Paris, ENMP, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006ENMP1429.
Full textHavard, Nicolas. "Conduite adaptative du procédé d'injection des thermoplastiques : relations mode de pilotage/ propriétés dimensionnelles." Lille 1, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004LIL10046.
Full textMarrot, Laetitia. "Contribution au développement de matériaux composites à matrices thermodurcissables biosourcées et renforcées par des fibres végétales." Lorient, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LORIS333.
Full textNowadays, depletion of fossil resources and climate change create a growing awareness of the limits of the environment. To be more respectful towards the environment, it is possible to replace glass fibers by vegetable fibers in the reinforcement of composite materials. Thermoset composite materials are well adapted for applications which require high performances. The purpose of this work is to help the development of thermoset composites reinforced with vegetable fibers. First, we highlighted hemp fibers characteristics and their main microstructural specificities, which make them different from flax. Consequences on hemp fibers of activities related to the harvesting steps like decorticating and retting have been investigated. Then, we found interesting results for the use of biobased epoxy and polyester resins in terms of mechanical performances and adhesion with flax fibers. It has been showed that the hardener nature of the epoxy matrix has an influence on the adhesion with a flax fiber. In the last section, we considered industrial composites reinforced with flax fibers with petrochemical and biobased epoxy matrices. We checked the specifications for the mechanical properties in automotive, railway transport and luxury furniture applications. In spite of several defects, especially porosities, the composites showed satisfying tensile and bending properties. Impact properties remained insufficient though
Sahnoune, Farid. "Relations structure - propriétés mécaniques dans des systèmes PEHD/PS et PEHD/CaCO3 modifiés par des agents élastomères : application au recyclage des matières plastiques." Montpellier 2, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998MON20092.
Full textNottez, Mélanie. "Développement de films d’emballage alimentaire à haute teneur en matières thermoplastiques à base d’amidon." Thesis, Lille 1, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LIL10197.
Full textThe aim of this work is the development of food packaging films with a high concentration of biobased raw materials, and the optimization of the usual properties. The addition of G1, basic grade of the starch grafted polyolefin, significantly deteriorates the optical properties together with the tear strength of the obtained films. The interfacial adhesion LDPE / G1 is insufficient for a use in the field of food packaging, because of an incompatibility between LDPE and the PP part of the starch grafted polyolefin. Some improvements of this adhesion are observed, in particular by increasing the extrusion temperature of G1, the temperature of the die, or by the modification of the bio-based resin. The interfacial adhesion PEgMA / G1 is also relatively low, for the same reasons as mentioned above. The replacement of PEgMA by PPgMA provides excellent adhesion at the interface without deteriorating the adhesion between the binder and EVOH. Finally, the study of the fracture behavior of the films made from three grades of the starch grafted polyolefin is produced by the method of essential work of fracture. An increase of 85 % of the toughness is observed, between the base grade and the highest modified grade. This difference can be attributed to the increase in molecular weight induced by the modification of bio-based resin. In addition, the digital image correlation provides access to local deformations of the double notched specimens. It also serves to show the symmetry of all the specimens. By following the ligament size over time, it is shown that the crack starts growing at 95% of the maximum force, showing a complete plasticization ligament before the crack growth
Yao, Jiaolian. "DENSITY GRADED LMDPE FOAMS PRODUCED UNDER A TEMPERATURE GRADIENT: MORPHOLOGY AND PROPERTIES." Thesis, Université Laval, 2011. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2011/28072/28072.pdf.
Full textIn this work, linear medium density polyethylene (LMDPE) and Expancel microbeads were used to produce density graded polymer foams using compression molding. By controlling independently the top and bottom plate temperatures in the mold, different temperatures and molding times were used to produce symmetric and asymmetric foams. The effect of blowing agent type and content were also studied to control the density profile and foam morphology (cell size and cell density) across thickness. Finally, the mechanical behavior in flexion and tension is reported and discussed in relation with foam morphology and structure.
Hamdani, Djelloul. "Comportement mécanique d'assemblages de tôles d'acier galvanisé sollicités en mode d'ouverture à différentes vitesses : influence des traitements de surface et des épaisseurs de joint de colle." Compiègne, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988COMPD143.
Full textIn this study we have been tenting to bind a surface property (roughness and surface energy) of galvanised steel which it prepared of four different treatments (cleaning attack acid and basic, parcodine) with a mechanical behaviour of adhesively bonded assemblies. The bind show which conjugate roughness and superficial energy action of substrate can be optimised the propagation energy. The effect of solicitation rate (0. 5, 5, 50 and 500 mm/mn) and adhesive bond thickness (720, 360, 180 et 120 um) have been observed. For propagation energy term, the solicitation rate and adhesive bond thickness seems to that have a same effect on adhesively bonded structure toughness. For the characterization of the beginning of the microscopic damage and of the crack propagation, we have, in parallel with the test, recorded the acoustic emission from the specimen
Beaudoin, Olivier. "Contribution à l'étude des relations microstructure - propriétés mécaniques d'une matrice polybutylène térephtalate (PBT) renforcée de billes ou de fibres de verre." Montpellier 2, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998MON20058.
Full textLeseur, Benoît. "Etude de la mise en oeuvre de mélanges de polymères vierges ou de déchets plastiques émulsifiés par des copolymères greffés." Montpellier 2, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992MON20016.
Full textBégin, Mathieu. "Effet de la ligne de soudure sur le polypropylène renforcé de fibres de verre et moussé par injection." Thesis, Université Laval, 2007. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2007/24849/24849.pdf.
Full textCoulibaly, Mamadou. "Modélisation micromécanique et caractérisation expérimentale du comportement des matériaux hétérogènes élastoviscoplastiques : application à la valorisation des polymères recyclés." Thesis, Metz, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008METZ033S/document.
Full textThis work relates to the modelling of mechanical behavior of elastoviscoplastic heterogeneous composites with the aim of an application to recycled polymers. Therefore, our study investigates the effect of the presence of impurities or strengthening agents on the mechanical behaviour of widely distributed thermoplastic polymers. In this way, a model based on a micromechanical approach is carried out on such materials. However, the complexity of elastoviscoplastic behaviour, that involves the hereditary type of material and induces a space/time coupling, is due to the presence of delayed mechanical interactions that scale transition should try to take into account. Considering the complexity of numerical implementation in hereditary approaches, internal variables approaches are privileged for their numerical simplicity. Within this framework, this development is intended to provide a general approach to the problem of scale transition. It relies on a new integral formulation of Eshelby inclusion problem. Then homogenization stage is carried out according to two methods : Mori-Tanaka estimate and self-consistent scheme. The results are presented and compared with those of other models and experimental results. The application to the case of linear viscoelasticity, the model used in this study led to the exact solution referring to Rougier hereditary model (Laplace-Carson Transform). In the non linear viscoelastic area, and with the aim of an application for recycling, a series of trials was conducted on polypropylene charged with talc
Devaux, Éric. "Influence de la présence de renforts et des conditions de mise en œuvre sur la morphologie et les propriétés dans un composite polypropylène-fibres de verre." Lyon 1, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992LYO10144.
Full textAït, Amer Abdelaziz. "Broyage et séparation des matériaux polymériques sans fragilisation cryogénique : approche fractographique du réacteur de division et transposition des techniques métallurgiques de séparation." Montpellier 2, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997MON20130.
Full textJia, Dawei. "Évaluation des contraintes internes par méthode ultrasonore dans les pièces plastiques injectées." Thesis, Lille 1, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009LIL10107.
Full textThe mechanical properties and the dimensional precision of the injection molded polymer parts are influenced by the process-induced residual stresses. This study shows the potential of the ultrasonic method based acoustoelastic effect to evaluate the residual stresses in amorphous polymer plates with Lcr waves. Firstly, special holding fixtures were designed according to their function analyses and the optimization of some parameters (ultrasonic field, incidence angle and emitter-receiver distance). They were used to determine the acoustoelastic coefficients K33 and K11, as well as the coefficient P corresponding to the temperature effect on the longitudinal wave velocity in studied materials. Then ultrasonic measurements were applied to partially relaxed PC and PS plates, through C-Scan system to evaluate average stresses across plate thickness, and Lcr waves to evaluate the surface stress. The measurement reliability was validated by comparing the results with those of the photoelasticity. The poor plate thickness (3 mm) affects the measure accuracy of the speed scanning, while it is improved a lot by using Lcr waves (Ds » ±2 MPa), so we turn to the latter only. The last part of the study concerns the determination of the stresses after manufacturing of new plates and that of stress profile in different thicknesses by changing the frequency of the wave Lcr
Truchassou, Anne-Sophie. "Etude de la résistance aux chocs de tubes PVC à parois structurées : influence du procédé de fabrication sur les propriétés finales." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2007. https://publication-theses.unistra.fr/public/theses_doctorat/2007/LICHTLE_Anne-Sophie_2007.pdf.
Full textCurrently, the multi-layer PVC pipes, used for sewage systems does not guarantee an enough impact resistance. A study was thus undertaken to improve the toughness of pipes. The analyse of the manufacturing process, the extrusion, shows that this process is complex. The awaited properties of the pipes depend on parameters related to the manufacturing process like to the product. It exists a real difficulty to find the crucial parameters on which to act to improve the toughness. To identify them, instrumented impact tests were realized. These tests show that thoughness is not homogeneous aroud the pipe. There are zones of weakest strength to the level of the welding surfaces, created during the manufacturing. To reduce the impact of these surfaces on the pipe toughness, a 3D numerical model of the melt flow was set up. A modification of the dies was proposed
Bozec, Marie-Pierre. "Etude des mécanismes interfaciaux dans des composites polybutylène terephtalate renforcés de fibres de verre courtes." Montpellier 2, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999MON20045.
Full textGuidez, Adeline. "Polymères biodégradables compoundés par extrusion assistée eau : Optimisation du procédé et des propriétés d’usage du matériau." Thesis, Lille 1, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LIL10187.
Full textWater-assisted extrusion is a method based on the conventional reactive extrusion. The feature of this method is the introduction of a water injection pump at the compression zone of the extruder machine. This process has already been proven in the nanocomposite formulation, usually based on polyamide (PA) matrix with clay nanofillers. The water acts as exfoliating thus allowing better dispersion of the clay within the matrix. A second role was observed, water would act as a plasticizer during extrusion limiting the material. In this context, water-assisted extrusion was studied using two different profile screw, where the second profile is an optimisation from the first. Polyamide 6 (PA6) was used as material reference in order to select new biodegradable polymers. Two polyesters, poly(butylene succinate) (PBS) and poly(butylene succinate adipate) (PBSA) have shown similar abilities comparared with PA6 extruded under water. After extrusion of the polymers with water injection, a limitation on the decrease in molecular weight was observed. Mechanical and rheological properties of PA6 were improved. Subsequently, an application of this method was conducted on the formulation of a PBS matrix composite based on two types of nanofillers clay in order to improve the mechanical properties of PBS and evaluate the water influence during the extrusion process according to the clay used
Sukiman, Muhamad Shafiq. "Etude des propriétés mécanique et thermique des biocomposites basée sur l'homogénéisation numérique." Thesis, Lille 1, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LIL10218/document.
Full textThis thesis work concerns the determination of mechanical and thermal properties of HDPE-wood particles and PET-hemp fibers biocomposites using experimental, numerical and analytical approaches. The search for the effective properties of these biocomposites involves different parameters such as the fiber morphology and orientation on the one hand, and the porosity and the interphase on the other. A study based on the numerical homogenization technique has been carried out in order to verify the influence of short and long fibers on the apparent properties of the different materials. Numerical calculations have also allowed the estimation of the elastic properties as well as the thermal conductivity of the biocomposites in relation to the fiber and particle volume fraction. The ultimate objective of this work consists in the modelling of the thermoforming procedure on the biocomposites. A study on the thermoformability of the HDPE-wood particles biocomposite into a formwork in relation to the wood particle content has been carried out by using experimental data of the mechanical and thermal behavior for the numerical simulation of the thermoforming procedure
Leprêtre-Dropsit, Sophie. "Mise en oeuvre et propriétés des mélanges PET/polyoléfines en vue du recyclage d'emballages." Thesis, Lille 1, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008LIL10140/document.
Full textPolyethylene terephthalate (PET) and polyolefins (PE, PP ... ) are widely used for packaging applications (e.g., bottles) and generate a significant amount of waste. Recycling such thermoplastic materials avoiding costly sorting operations presents an economic and a scientific challenge because they are immiscible and semi-crystaIIine polymers. The aim of the study is to process binary (PET/PE, PET/PP) and temary (PET/PE/PP) blends, strongly unbalanced (0-90% by weight of PET), and compatibilized to maintain satisfactory mechanical performances in traction, impact and toughness. The recycled PET/polyolefins blends compatibilization by adding EGMA (ethylene copolymer-glycidyl methacrylate) leads to a decrease of polyolefins droplets size dispersed in the PET matrix, as weil as an improvement of interfacial conditions. The mechanical behavior (traction, impact and toughness) of blends tends to the ones of PET, when the average diameter of polyolefin inclusions is below a critical value of 3 µm. The study and modelisation of nonisothermal crystallization kinetics of blends showed that EGMA and polyolefins play the role of a nucleating agent for the PET and accelerate the crystallization (without intluencing significantly the cristallinity rate). The mechanical properties of blends are more atfected by cristaIIization process modification than by morphological and interfacial changes
Boucher, Virginie. "Élaboration de polymères nanocomposites transparents : relations structure/propriétés." Thesis, Lille 1, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008LIL10161/document.
Full textThis study deals with the preparation of transparent polycarbonate nanocomposites for industrial applications such as optical lenses or automotive glazing. Incorporating nanoparticles to polycarbonate matrix aimed to improve some of its properties such as stiffness, dimensional stability, or scratch resistance, while maintaining intrinsic properties such as its transparency. Polycarbonate nanocomposites transparency depends on one hand on mineral partic/es diameter and refractive index, and on the other hand on the good dispersion of particles in polymer matrix. Therefore, different types of mineral fillers were selected and incorporated in polycarbonate matrix. The evaluation of mechanical and optical properties of these nanocomposites permitted not only to refine particles selection, but also to highlight polycarbonate degradation during compounding with nanofillers. ln order to optimize materials performances, a thorough study of degradation mechanisms was carried out, and the nanocomposites preparation process was modified so as to Iimit polycarbonate degradation in presence of mineral fillers. Lastly, in a more general framework, the reinforcement mechanisms involved in nanocomposite materials were investigated, and showed the existence of correlations between materials structure and properties, and the effect of mineral fi/lers on polycarbonate molecular dynamics
Nafi, Adelhak. "Etude expérimentale et numérique du comportement mécanique de moules d'injection de plastique obtenus par le procédé de Stratoconception." Toulouse 3, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005TOU30018.
Full textThis research is a contribution to the study of behaviour of the brazed assemblies intended for the realization of injection mould of thermoplastics obtained by the stacking of elementary steel sheets, machined then brazed together. Mechanical tests have been carried out, in order to characterize the brazed assembly under the brazing configuration regarded as favourable. An elastoplastic behaviour with isotropic work hardening of the braze material was identified using a least-squares method, based on experimental results and on finite-elements calculations. The 3D elastic behaviour within the brazing joint was studied, under various loading conditions, so as to predict the conditions for plastification of the joint. Last, a numerical study of the geometrical parameters of a brazed assembly was carried out to evaluate the stress distribution within the brazing joint (under pure shear and traction loadings, respectively)
Mailler, Philippe. "Rhéologie des membranes composites souples orthotropes sous chargement multi-axial." Lyon 1, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996LYO10143.
Full textCalvez, Laurent. "Nouveaux verres et vitrocéramiques transparents dans l'infrarouge pour l'imagerie thermique." Phd thesis, Université Rennes 1, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00133211.
Full textNous avons démontré que des vitrocéramiques transparentes dans l'infrarouge lointain pouvaient être obtenues de façon reproductible. Des cristaux, dont la taille inférieure à 100 nm peut être contrôlée, permettent une augmentation de la résistance aux chocs thermiques. L'aptitude à combiner le processus de céramisation et le moulage de verres est démontré.
Afin d'améliorer les propriétés mécaniques des verres, des échanges ioniques entre alcalins ont atteint une profondeur de 15 µm dans le verre. Les changements d'indices surfaciques laissent entrevoir des possibilités d'application de couches anti-reflets ou de guide d'onde planaire.
Chomat, Dimitri. "Élaboration et mise en forme de composites micro-fibrillaires par fibrillation in-situ : optimisation de la microstructure et des propriétés mécaniques résultantes." Thesis, Lille 1, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013LIL10127.
Full textElaboration of microfibrillar composites based on immiscible polymer blends was performed by means of in-situ fibrillation. First, a polypropylene / polyamide 6 blend (PP/PA6) was used as a reference in order to develop an extrusion - drawing process. Upon variation of rheological parameters, it appeared that fibrillation requests a viscosity ratio less than 4 and an elastic ratio less than 1. Experiences about influence of processing temperature demonstrated that the injection step must be proceed at a temperature lower than the melting temperature of the dispersed phase in order to preserve the morphology. In a second part, this study dealt with the incorporation of organically modified montmorillonite with the aim of compatibilizing PP/PA6 blends. Several ways of nanoclay addition have been tested. Among them, nanoclay pre-dispersion in the PP matrix lead to the migration of clay platelets from PP to PP/PA6 interface during the in-situ fibrillation process. Hence, fibrils refinement was observed, inducing an improvement of impact resistance. Finally, one last part was dedicated to the development of a poly(lactic acid) / polyamide 11 bio-based micro-fibrillar composite. Whereas a partially fibrillar morphology was formed upon drawing, injection of the composite involved fibrils destruction due to overheating and subsequent relaxation
Kazemi, Yasamin. "Mechanical and morphological characterization of wood plastic composites based on municipal plastic waste." Thesis, Université Laval, 2013. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2013/29823/29823.pdf.
Full textRecent legislations associated with environmental impacts of post-consumer plastic wastes have driven substantial attention toward developing viable recycling techniques. Therefore the aim of this research was to produce wood plastic composites (WPC) from the light fraction of municipal plastic wastes (post-consumer) and wood processing residues (sawdust). In order to improve compatibility and adhesion between polyethylene (PE) and polypropylene (PP), an ethylene-octene copolymer (EOC) was used to compatibilize the polymer phases and also to act as an impact modifier. Addition of maleated polyethylene (MAPE) and maleated polypropylene (MAPP) provided improved compatibility between the polymer matrix and the wood flour. The combined effect of all the components was found to produce composites with interesting morphological (dispersion and adhesion) and mechanical properties (tension, torsion, flexion and impact) after optimization of the additive package (blend of coupling agents). In the second phase, three-layered structural composites were produced from the aforementioned composites to investigate the effects of design parameters on their flexural and impact performance. The studied parameters include wood content, thickness of individual composite layers, as well as stacking sequence and configuration (symmetric and asymmetric structures). In addition, the classical beam theory was successfully used to predict the flexural modulus within 10% of deviation for these complex structures.
Mouhmid, Bouchaïb. "Étude de l'endommagement et de la rupture d'un polyamide 66 chargé en fibres de verre courtes." Lille 1, 2007. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/LIBRE/Th_Num/2007/50376-2007-253.pdf.
Full textBoufaida, Zakariya. "Analyse des propriétés mécaniques de composites taffetas verre/matrice acrylique en relation avec les propriétés d’adhésion des fibres sur la matrice." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LORR0108/document.
Full textThis thesis is devoted to the characterization and the analysis of the mechanical properties of composite materials made of a plain weave glass fiber reinforcement and an acrylic resin (Elium®). Before the commercialization of the Elium resin in 2013, acrylics polymers were not used in the composite industry. In the experimental part of this thesis, we mainly focused on the sizing effect (surface treatment of the fibers to enhance the bonding between the matrix and the fibers) on the mechanical behavior of our composites. The characterizations were carried out through classical macroscopic mechanical tests (tensile, bending, shearing…) but using metrological tools for local analysis (full-field strain measurements, X ray micro-tomography, Scanning Electron Microscopy, Nano-indentation etc.). We were able to study strain and damage phenomena at local scales. Fatigue properties of the sizing were highlighted by heat build-up experiments. To analyze these measurements, an original data treatment has been developed which makes clear the benefit of an acrylic sizing in order to enhance the bonding between glass fibers and our acrylic matrix. In the theoretical part of this thesis, we studied the mechanical behaviour of our glass fiber plain weave/acrylic resin composite through a numerical simulation based on the CraFT spectral solver (Composite response and Fourier Transforms). Local stress and strain fields were obtained at the mesoscopic scale. The strain field analysis shows a periodic structure induced by the presence of the plain weave reinforcement. By a quantitative study, a good agreement between the numerical strain field obtained by CraFT and the 3D-DIC experimental strain measurements was found. The numerical stress field analysis reveals regions were a high local stress occurs. Comparing with X ray micro-tomography observationsof the internal structure of previously loaded composite sampleswe noticed that the damages occurring inside the mesostructure are totally correlated with the local stress concentration revealed by CraFT numerical simulations
Zhang, Xiaohui. "Manufacturing of hemp/PP composites and study of its residual stress and aging behavior." Thesis, Troyes, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016TROY0015/document.
Full textIn recent years composite materials based on natural fibers are more and more used for their new performances. Natural fibers propose attractive environmental, mechanical and thermal properties.In this work, we are firstly interested in hemp fibers. These fibers are already used in the automotive and construction industry. In Europe, these fibers are produced mainly in France and especially in Aube. To develop agro-composites with high performances, we have focused this thesis on hemp woven. We chose to elaborate the plates with hemp woven and a polypropylene matrix (PP) by compression molding. This work allows us to see the influence of elaboration conditions on the mechanical behavior of these agro-composites. This thesis also allows us to see the effect of aging conditions UV and humidity on the performance of these materials. Finally an analysis of residual stresses determined by the hole drilling method is proposed to see their effects on the agro-materials
Frédérix, Caroline. "Étude de mélanges de polyéthylènes couvrant une large gamme de taux de cristallinité dans la perspective d'élaboration de matériaux à gradient de propriétés mécaniques." Thesis, Lille 1, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009LIL10182/document.
Full textThe extremely large variety of molecular architecture and crystal morphology of polyethylene (PE) materials results in a wide range of properties of these materials. Different types of PE were blended and assembled in the aim to understand their compatibility and the resulting mechanical properties. ln this study, two ethylene-octene copolymers, i.e. an ultra low density polyethylene (UL) and a linear IOl\" density polyethylene (LL) from the metallocene catalysis, and a high density polyethylene (HD) obtained by Ziegler-Natta polymerization, were used. Binary blends were processed by extrusion and characterized by several complementary techniques:dvnamic melt rheology in the aim to study the miscibility in the melt, thermal analysis to determine the melting behavior and the crystallization kinetics, MFA microscopy and X-ray diffusion for the morphology investigation at various scale levels. The phase separation seems to apply to every blend of this study, with a low mutual solubility. However. a semi-crystalline phase with a composition gradient has been shown to occur at the intertàce of the unlike phases. Due to the quite broad distribution of the co-units in the se materials, the presence of structurally similar chains in the components creates an opportunity for partial miscibility and co-crystallization. The incidence of this structural organisation on the efficiency of welding of bilayer assemblies was assessed by mechanical testing
Leguebe, Elora. "Optimisation de la stabilité de charge au cours d'un transport à partir de l'étude du comportement viscoélastique des matériaux polymères destinés au banderolage." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Reims, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023REIMS044.
Full textNowadays, protecting products during transportation has become essential as import-export increased drastically. Therefore, the wrapping used to stabilize and protect pallets of goods is fundamental. The most commonly used material for wrapping films is linear low density polyethylene (LLDPE). However, ecology has become a major issue for the world. The eco-design of the film is desired for a lower mass of plastic on the pallet, while preserving the stability of the load. Therefore this thesis work concerns the optimization of load stability according to the properties of the wrapping materials and the mechanical stresses of transport in order to reduce the weight of plastic used. Manual and mechanical films were analyzed. The anisotropy of materials was studied. The characterization of the material was performed through mechanical tests (traction, relaxation, hysteresis and fatigue creep) and morphological tests with DSC, IR and XRD analysis. The characterization of the wrapping and the importance of its parameters were also investigated. The effect of wrapping speed, LLDPE fatigue and acceleration experienced during transport were found to affect significantly the film properties. Films morphology was found to be affected by the wrapping process, showing changes in crystallinity. The study showed the importance of wrapping parameters and transport constraints on the morphology of the stretch film on the pallet and therefore on the stability of the load
Guidigo, Jonathan. "Caractérisation physico-mécanique d’un composite bois polymère." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LORR0229/document.
Full textThis study follow others that propose a solution for the recovery of plastic waste and wood to make it a construction material made of wood-polymer composite. The particularity of this research is that the thermoplastic matrix used is a set of different polymers taken in well-defined proportions. The percentages considered for the matrix obtained represent the proportion of polymer waste that can be found in the city of Cotonou (Benin Republic). This study consisted in making WPC polymer wood composite samples by extrusion, studying them through physico-mechanical tests and relating them to samples made with an already existing artisanal method. On the one hand, we studied separately the sawdust and the thermoplastic matrix by determining the chemical constituents of the sawdust, and by performing a physico-mechanical analysis (thermogravimetric analysis, compression and tensile bending test, facies analysis). SEM fracture) on the reinforcement and the matrix. On the other hand we evaluated the influence of the addition of 20%, 25%, 28% and 30% of sawdust on the mechanical properties (compression, bending and traction). The results show that sawdust behaves like a reinforcement when the sample is stressed in compression and bending. Sawdust acts as a load when WPC samples are stressed in tension. Sawdust also improves the rigidity of WPC in tension. The mechanical results obtained by extrusion are much better than those resulting from the artisanal methods. Thermogravimetric analyzes performed on WPC samples from the artisanal method reveal that during their manufacture, these samples are subjected to temperatures (above 300 ° C) that begin the degradation of polymers and sawdust in WPC
Han, Hongchang. "Study of agro-composite hemp/polypropylene : treatment of fibers, morphological and mechanical characterization." Thesis, Troyes, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015TROY0002/document.
Full textUsing agro fiber as reinforcement of polymer com-posites attracts numerous investigations due to the good mechanical properties and environmental benefits. Prior to blend agro fiber with polymer, chemical treatment can be employed to treat agro fiber for the purpose of reducing the hydrophilicity of fiber and improving the interfacial adhesion fi-ber/polymer matrix. In this thesis, water and alkali are utilized to treat hemp fiber firstly and then three silane agent as 3-(Trimethoxysilyl)propyl methacry-late (MPS), N-[3-(Trimethoxysilyl)propyl]aniline (PAPS) and (3-Aminopropyl)-triethoxysilane (APS) are employed to modify the hemp fiber surface. These treated or modified fibers are blended respectively with polypropylene (PP) to fabricate the hemp fiber/PP composites. The effects of these different treatments on the structure, components and hydro-philicity of fiber, and the mechanical properties of the reinforced PP composites are studied. Moreover, the accelerated ageing experiments including humidity, temperature and ultraviolet of the reinforced PP composites are conducted. The results showed that the fiber treatment of water and alkali has a considerable effect on fiber structure, mechanical properties and durability of the reinforced compo-sites. The silane agent modification of fiber has less influence on the fiber structure but its functional group has great influence on the mechanical proper-ties and ageing resistance of the reinforced compo-sites
Chaouki, Hicham. "Modélisation du comportement des composites thermoplastiques à renforts continus dans les procédés de mise en forme." Thesis, Université Laval, 2011. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2011/27682/27682.pdf.
Full textDubromez, Vincent. "Amélioration des performances du polycarbonate et des mélanges polycarbonate/polystyrène par des copolymères à blocs ABC." Thesis, Lille 1, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009LIL10139.
Full textPolycarbonate (PC) is a widely used thermoplastic polymer for numerous industrial and biomedical applications, due to its exceptional use properties (transparency, mechanical and thermal behavior). Nevertheless, the PC exhibits two major defects: high viscosity and poor notch impact properties. The goal of the present study was to propose a solution for these two issues, while preserving the PC transparency. Three ways were investigated: (i) the decrease of viscosity via adding polystyrene (PS), (ii) the improvement of notch impact behavior by adding poly(styrene-b-butadiene-bmethylmethacrylate) block copolymers (SBM) and (iii) simultaneous use of PS and SBM. Adding PS to a PC matrix does decrease its viscosity, while preserving the transparency. However, the mechanical properties of PC/PS blends are inferior to those of the neat PC. The experimental study on binary PC/SBM blends point out the great influence of the nature and proportion of the copolymer in the blend, as well as of the matrix viscosity, on the final properties of the blends. The investigation of the ternary PC/PS/SBM blends demonstrate that it is possible to obtain an improvement of the notch impact properties, while preserving the PC transparency – by generating a homogeneous and well dispersed blend morphology. This requires an optimal combination between the matrix fluidity, the nature and the proportion of block copolymers and PS, and also an appropriate choice of the processing conditions
Lopez, Delphine. "Comportement d’un thermoplastique renforcé de fibres de verre soumis à des chargements thermo-mécaniques." Thesis, Lorient, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LORIS488/document.
Full textDiscontinuous fibers reinforced thermoplastic materials have been widely used for several years in the automotive industry. These parts must resist demanding service life conditions and must meet thermo- mechanical specifications. Indeed, structural automotive spare parts have to endure high temperatures, like a few tens of degrees Celsius, for a long duration, at least a few hours. As an example, a structural part of tailgate is subject to high mechanical loading, associated to strong temperature variations, during the validation test, regarding specifications. The purpose of this work is to improve the design of complex industrial parts, like the tailgate in quasi-static domain, by relying on numerical simulation. One of the challenges related to the use of such material, is to have a reliable virtual design of industrial parts by predicting the geometrical variations during service life conditions, and residual strain. Therefore, it is necessary to characterize and to model the thermo-mechanical behavior of the tailgate material, a polypropylene matrix reinforced with discontinuous glass fibers, with a given mass fraction of 40%
Parenteau, Thomas. "Modélisation micromécanique de composites thermoplastiques élastomères à matrice polypropylène." Phd thesis, Université de Bretagne Sud, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00404452.
Full textL'objectif de cette étude est la caractérisation expérimentale et la modélisation du comportement mécanique de composites thermoplastiques élastomères (TPE). Ces matériaux sont composés d'une matrice en homopolymère polypropylène isotactique (PP) et de particules d'élastomère recyclées à base d'éthylène propylène diène monomère (EPDM). La nature complexe du PP nous a incité à développer un modèle micromécanique, en distinguant dans ce polymère une phase amorphe et une phase cristalline. A partir d'un motif représentatif permettant d'estimer les propriétés élastiques du PP en fonction du taux de cristallinité, un modèle micromécanique de type autocohérent généralisé est comparé à un modèle macroscopique plus simple pour décrire son comportement élastoviscoplastique. La loi de comportement des TPE est construite, via une démarche d'homogénéisation, à partir du comportement mécanique des particules d'EPDM et de la loi macroscopique déterminée pour le PP. Les prévisions des modèles sont analysées et comparées aux résultats d'essais de flexion, de traction et d'indentation. Les modèles développés ont été implantés dans le code « éléments finis » Abaqus afin de permettre le calcul de pièces industrielles.
Coulon, Arnaud. "Injection des polyamides renforcés de fibres de verre longues : relations mise en oeuvre/comportement thermomécanique." Thesis, Lille 1, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008LIL10163/document.
Full textThe aim of this project was to optimise the material-process couple in the case of long glass fibre reinforced polyamides, so as to comply with industrial requirements of mechanicai and thermo-mechanical performance, The fibre segregation mechanisms occurring during the filling stage of the mould, which govern the local heterogeneities, have been first studied on a prototype part having a shape typical of industrial parts. A second part has focused on the flexural behavioul The modulus and maximal flexural stress have been estimated from structural models based on the multilayer morphological description (local fibre content, residual fibre lengths, fibre orientations...) of the composites. The results have been validated on an industrial part. Finally, the creep behaviour at high lemperature has been experimentally determined and then modelled (Findley's model). The need to take into account the thermal aging of the matrix in order to correct the load level during the loading time has also been pointed out
Perrot, Yves. "Influence de la matrice sur le comportement mécanique de matériaux composites verre/polyester utilisés en construction navale de plaisance : cas des résines polyester limitant les émissions de styrène." Lorient, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006LORIS074.
Full textThe work performed in this study is concerned with the characterization of glass/polyester composites for the pleasure boat industry. In particular the properties of polyester resins limiting styrene emissions have been evaluated. Physico-chemical and mechnanical tests were first performed in order to understand the roles played by the constituants (matrix, fibres and fibre/matrix interface). Then a study of damage mechanisms, delamination and impact resistance, was carried out on composite specimens. Durability and the influence of the marine environment was also examined through two parameters, temperature and sea water aging. Finally the transfer from material to structure was illustrated through three aspects : the influence of fabrication (over-lamination), the behaviour of panels subjected to uniform pressure loading, and the design rules. The results of the study show that a multi-disciplinary approach, including investigation at different scales, is necessary to understand the specific characteristics of these composite materials
Benard, Quentin. "Compréhension de l'influence des propriétés de surface sur l'adhésion de matériaux composites à matrice organique, lors de tests de cisaillement simples." Le Havre, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005LEHA0058.
Full textThis work is financially supported by a European project (FEDER), the region Haute Normandie and an industrial partnership in aeronautic field (AIRCELLE, SAFRAN group); its aim is to understand different phenomena governing adhesion in composite assemblies. The first part of this work is a bibliographic study on several adhesion phenomena. Then composite materials, manufacturing process and surface characterisations are introduced. The third part brings the first results on the influence of manufacturing and fibre reinforcement on composite adhesion. The two following parts take a special look at two specific surface treatment which are peel ply and excimer laser treatments. In the end, thermo-oxydative and hygrothermal ageing are studied in order to understand the potential influence of surface treatment on composite bonding. To sum up, the entire work is compiled in the conclusion where most of the elements can be used by the industrial
Giraudeau, Joan. "Relations entre la microstructure et le comportement mécanique de matrices polyamide 66 injectées." Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PSLEM080/document.
Full textThis study focuses on polyamide 66 matrices, formed as injection molded plates. The aim of the study is to highlight existing interrelations between microstructural organization and mechanic behavior.At first, the analysis is limited to one plate. A microstructural mapping has been done, and shows a typical injection molded organization, with evolutions in thickness and injection directions. Therefore, some areas can be differentiated, the superficial ones, those in contact with the mold, where the crystallization is induced by thermal gradient and shear stresses quite important, contrary to bulk areas which have known more stable conditions. Evolutions along the injection direction are more subtle and seem to be induced by the transportation of matter or different pressure conditions during the injection process.These microstructural differences are reflected on the mechanical plan and evolutions in the same directions have been observed. It appears that crystallites dimensions, perfection levels, constraint of amorphous phase or crystallinity ratio all impact on mechanical properties, even if interrelations are complex and not easy to discriminate.The influence of humidity on polyamide 66 material has been observed and discussed. This parameter controls the position of the material relatively to its glass transition and determines the way microstructure is implicated in deformation mechanisms.Finally, the study has been extended to different processing conditions. Although the evolutions that have been noticed were very small, they have helped to refine the analysis and confirm some points