Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Matières résiduelles'
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Al-Maalouf, George. "Élaboration d’une structure de collecte des matières résiduelles selon la théorie constructale." Mémoire, École de technologie supérieure, 2012. http://espace.etsmtl.ca/1075/1/AL%2DMAALOUF_George.pdf.
Full textLévesque, Ariane. "Hydrolyse des matières résiduelles municipales issues de la collecte à deux voies." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/25627.
Full textPitre, Mélanie. "Gestion intégrée des matières résiduelles provenant de l'industrie de la construction de bâtiments." Mémoire, École de technologie supérieure, 2008. http://espace.etsmtl.ca/95/1/PITRE_M%C3%A9lanie.pdf.
Full textCamacho, Paola. "Développement d’une approche multifilière d’aide à la décision en gestion des matières résiduelles." Mémoire, École de technologie supérieure, 2012. http://espace.etsmtl.ca/1065/1/CAMACHO_Paola.pdf.
Full textBoucher, Karl. "Biofiltration et captage des métaux lourds de lixiviat de lieu d'enfouissement de matières résiduelles." Thesis, Université Laval, 2010. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2010/27888/27888.pdf.
Full textMassé, Hugues. "Couplages thermomécaniques lors de la solidification de matériaux polymères." Bordeaux 1, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000BOR12318.
Full textEl, Ghabi Baligh. "Étude des recouvrements avec effet de barrière capillaire pour minimiser les infiltrations d'eau dans les sites d'enfouissement de matières résiduelles." Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2007. http://savoirs.usherbrooke.ca/handle/11143/1380.
Full textLopez, Martelo Donaldo. "Gestion intégrée des matières résiduelles aux Îles-de-la-Madeleine : analyse technico-économique préliminaire visant l'implantation d'un système de biométhanisation." Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/6193.
Full textMorin, Philippe. "Analyse économique et environnementale de la valorisation énergétique d'effluents à forte charge organique dans le contexte d'une municipalité." Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2009. http://savoirs.usherbrooke.ca/handle/11143/1524.
Full textMarceau, Pascale. "Évaluation des retombées d'une campagne d'information, de sensibilisation et d'éducation (ISÉ) sur la gestion des matières résiduelles des ménages : Le cas du Défi Minceur - 2 lb / semaine." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/27876.
Full textIn order to decrease the economic, environmental and social consequences caused by inadequate waste management, some information, awareness and education campaigns try to lead the population toward better behaviours related to waste management. Nevertheless, the evaluation concerning the impacts these campaigns have on consumers (i.e. households) is very often neglected due to the lack of time, skills and/or money. Therefore, based on four variables of the Theory of Planned Behaviour [TBP], particularly the attitudes, the subjective norms, the perceived behavioural control and the behavioural intentions, this master’s thesis proposes some solutions, which assess the influence of the exposure and involvement concerning the environmental campaign “Défi Minceur – 2lb/ semaine”. The analysis of the results from a post-campaign phone survey conducted on a random sample of 432 representative residents of the Arthabaska County shows that the participation in this challenge was significantly and positively correlated to the variables mentioned above. Likewise, a low exposure compared to a high one induces significant differences on all variables, although no disparity was noted between participants who were moderately and strongly exposed. These results constitute an original and interesting input to the social communication field and also contribute to the questions concerning the optimization of environmental campaigns.
Koné, Mahamoudou. "Étude de la composition des matières organiques végétales résiduelles sur les performances de croissance, les bilans de bioconversion et la qualité nutritionnelle des larves de mouches soldats noires." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/38131.
Full textThe purpose of this study was to study the potential of BSF larvae to convert high moisture, pre-consumer organic vegetable matter (VRO) collected from food retailers in the Quebec City area. The VRO collected from grocery store through a partner local residual organic matter (ROM) collector (Sanimax Inc, Quebec, Canada) were characterized quantitatively (mass and frequency for different categories of VRO) and qualitatively (dry matter, ash, fibre, carbohydrates, energy, protein and fat content). Different VRO diets have been formulated to feed BSF larvae and test their effects on growth (average weight, length, width, length/width ratio and Fulton index) and the nutritional proximal composition of BSF larvae. In addition, this study establishes the conversion yield that can be expected on these materials for the production of BSF larvae. The evolution of different physicochemical parameters (temperature and pH) during bioconversion and the nutritional profile of the larvae are also presented.
Greffard, Laurence. "Potentiel de terreaux de restauration à base de biochar, de cendre et de matières résiduelles fertilisantes pour la croissance d'Alnus incana ssp. rugosa et Calamagrostis canadensis : une stratégie de mise en végétation de rejets miniers." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/27578.
Full textMining operations produce a large amount of tailings, sludges and acid rocks, changing the environment. Revegetation of residues helps restor ecological services on mining sites. The main objective of this study was to develop low cost, environmentally sound substrates made of biochar, ash, fertilizing residual matter and lime sludge for revegetation of mining wastes. Physical, chemical and biological characterization of the substrates have been completed in addition to bioassays with Alnus incana subsp. rugosa and Calamagrostis canadensis. Ash in the substrates had an impact on pH and Mn content while Fe content was related to biochar. Porosity and saturated hydraulic conductivity were higher in the substrates with biochar in lower with ash. Fertilizing residual matter blend made the more porous and permeable substrates and very high content in P and K. Liming sludge increased electrical conductivity, Ca and Mg contents and did not significantly affect physical properties of substrates. After 4 months of growth in greenhouses, Alders showed the best growth in the substrates 7 (biochar, fertilizing residual matter and liming sludge) and 8 (biochar and liming sludge). Biochar seems better than ash for Alder growth, followed by liming sludge. We cannot conclude for Calamagrostis canadensis because of the lack of data due to its poor germination.
Zhang, Xiaohui. "Manufacturing of hemp/PP composites and study of its residual stress and aging behavior." Thesis, Troyes, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016TROY0015/document.
Full textIn recent years composite materials based on natural fibers are more and more used for their new performances. Natural fibers propose attractive environmental, mechanical and thermal properties.In this work, we are firstly interested in hemp fibers. These fibers are already used in the automotive and construction industry. In Europe, these fibers are produced mainly in France and especially in Aube. To develop agro-composites with high performances, we have focused this thesis on hemp woven. We chose to elaborate the plates with hemp woven and a polypropylene matrix (PP) by compression molding. This work allows us to see the influence of elaboration conditions on the mechanical behavior of these agro-composites. This thesis also allows us to see the effect of aging conditions UV and humidity on the performance of these materials. Finally an analysis of residual stresses determined by the hole drilling method is proposed to see their effects on the agro-materials
Jia, Dawei. "Évaluation des contraintes internes par méthode ultrasonore dans les pièces plastiques injectées." Thesis, Lille 1, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009LIL10107.
Full textThe mechanical properties and the dimensional precision of the injection molded polymer parts are influenced by the process-induced residual stresses. This study shows the potential of the ultrasonic method based acoustoelastic effect to evaluate the residual stresses in amorphous polymer plates with Lcr waves. Firstly, special holding fixtures were designed according to their function analyses and the optimization of some parameters (ultrasonic field, incidence angle and emitter-receiver distance). They were used to determine the acoustoelastic coefficients K33 and K11, as well as the coefficient P corresponding to the temperature effect on the longitudinal wave velocity in studied materials. Then ultrasonic measurements were applied to partially relaxed PC and PS plates, through C-Scan system to evaluate average stresses across plate thickness, and Lcr waves to evaluate the surface stress. The measurement reliability was validated by comparing the results with those of the photoelasticity. The poor plate thickness (3 mm) affects the measure accuracy of the speed scanning, while it is improved a lot by using Lcr waves (Ds » ±2 MPa), so we turn to the latter only. The last part of the study concerns the determination of the stresses after manufacturing of new plates and that of stress profile in different thicknesses by changing the frequency of the wave Lcr
Périgny, Normand. "Évaluation de la politique québécoise de gestion des matières résiduelle 1998-2008." Thèse, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, 2006. http://depot-e.uqtr.ca/1439/1/000135703.pdf.
Full textMicheneau, Kévin. "Etude des électrons résiduels dans XENON100." Thesis, Nantes, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018NANT4036/document.
Full textSeveral gravitational phenomena suggest the presence of a non-luminous matter, named dark matter, which is responsible for about a quarter of the total energetic budget of the Universe. One of the most compelling candidates to describe it are WIMPs (Weakly Interactive Massive Particles). In order to directly detect these particles, the XENON Collaboration has conceived and built dual phase (liquid/gas) time projection chambers (TPC) filled with xenon, among which the XENON100 detector. When a particle interacts with the detector target, it excites and ionizes xenon atoms. Photons from the atoms deexcitation generate a scintillation signal known as S1. The electrons from the ionization follow the applied electric field lines and drift towards the gas phase where they interact to generate a second signal, called S2. During long periods of data taking it is important to keep the detector operational and to continuously monitor its performance. Single electrons represent an ideal probe to achieve this goal as they do not need dedicated calibration time. These electrons produce small charge signals consisting of single to a few electrons in accidental coincidences. They are induced by the photoelectric effect of S1 and S2 photons on either xenon impurities or on the TPC detector's materials. The use of single electrons thus allows to properly control the detector stability. They can also be used to probe the presence of the residual electrons background present in the detector
Annovazzi, Alicia. "Contribution à l'étude - interaction laser-matière à différentes pressions résiduelles : Application au procédé micro-fusion laser sur lit de poudre." Thesis, Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020UBFCA024.
Full textThe laser beam melting (LBM) and electron beam melting (EBM) processes are two additive manufacturing technologies allowing the production of metallic parts. The intense energy density provided by the power supply is sufficient in order to melt the material creating a molten pool, and will solidify after cooling. This change of phase which takes place in a very short time, induced complexthermodynamics phenomena. Each of the processes offer advantages that could be interesting to be combined. Hence, a combination of the two technologies has been investigated. The EBM process requiring a rough vacuum in the work chamber, the issue of this work is based on the study of the laser melting at low pressure. Besides the intended combination, the selective laser melting under vacuum pressure can be attractive with the aim of improving the material integrity, in particular on the oxygen-sensitive materials. However, a clear decrease of the process efficiency has been observed. This work includes two parts: a) Firstly, an experimental study of samples fabricability at different pressures conditions is observed. For the same manufacturing parameters, a significant decrease of samples densification is observed in rough vacuum. The parameters volumetric energy density and the laser displacement speed have to beadapted in function of the chamber pressure. b) The second part is an attempt to explain the molten pool motion which change depending on the pressure. This can be achieved with a fast cam allowing the observations of strong instabilities in the powder bed with the denudation zone, and the molten pool with the morphology, for specific laser parameters. These phenomena are more important for residual pressures under 30 mbar. Then, a powder bed pre-sintering for the purpose of ”in-situ” annealing of the materials studied, has shown the beneficial effect during the interaction laser-powder under vacuum. Improvement melt quality and increased manufacturing efficiency have beenachieved
Laurencius, Sandra. "Les solvants résiduels dans les matières premières pharmaceutiques : combinaisons, impacts et dosage par chromatographie gazeuse espace de tête." Paris 5, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995PA05P160.
Full textBoehm, Céline. "Matière noire, formation des structures de l'Univers et supersymétrie." Paris 6, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001PA066395.
Full textRaceanu, Laura. "Contribution à l'étude des interactions entre contraintes résiduelles et dissolution d'oxygène dans un solide déformable réactif." Phd thesis, Université de Bourgogne, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00905671.
Full textJeong, Yong-Dae. "Caractérisation des matières organiques réfractaires dans les effluents traités par voie biologique (contribution de la DCO soluble inerte produite à la DCO soluble résiduelle de boues activées)." Toulouse, INSA, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995ISAT0019.
Full textSollier, Arnaud. "Etude des plasmas générés par interaction laser-matière en régime confiné : application au traitement des matériaux par choc laser." Phd thesis, Université de Versailles-Saint Quentin en Yvelines, 2002. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00089243.
Full textAfin de mieux comprendre les phénomènes physiques mis en jeu dans ce régime d'interaction particulier, une modélisation originale du procédé a été développée. Un code numérique traitant les processus de claquage dans l'eau de confinement permet dans un premier temps de déterminer les caractéristiques (intensité crête et durée à mi-hauteur) de l'impulsion laser transmise à travers la fenêtre de confinement. Un modèle hydrodynamique auto-consistant traitant les plasmas confinés (plasmas froids et denses, corrélés et partiellement dégénérés) utilise ensuite ces paramètres pour calculer les chargements mécaniques et thermiques induits à la surface de la cible traitée. Pour terminer, ces chargements sont utilisés en entrée du code aux éléments finis ABAQUS afin de simuler les contraintes résiduelles d'origine mécanique et thermique induites par le traitement.
Les résultats de ces simulations ont été validés par comparaison avec différentes mesures expérimentales réalisées pour des conditions d'irradiation laser (longueurs d'ondes de 1064 nm et de 532 nm, durées d'impulsion de 3 ns et 10 ns) typiques des conditions opératoires réelles utilisées au niveau industriel.
Ces résultats montrent que les petites taches focales permettent de limiter fortement le chauffage de la cible par le plasma confiné, et donc de s'affranchir des effets thermiques induits par le traitement. Ils ouvrent donc de nouvelles perspectives quant à la réalisation du traitement par choc laser sans utiliser de revêtement thermo-protecteur. Par ailleurs, ils permettant d'expliquer les résultats obtenus avec la configuration de traitement développée par Toshiba (très petites taches focales, haute cadence, pas de revêtement protecteur), qui demeuraient incompris jusqu'alors.
Bertin, Hervé. "Etude de matrices de filtres Fabry Pérot accordables en technologie MOEMS intégré 3D : Application à l'imagerie multispectrale." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00860624.
Full textOzenne, Valery. "Etude de la dynamique conformationnelle des protéines intrinsèquement désordonnées par résonance magnétique nucléaire." Phd thesis, Université de Grenoble, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00870515.
Full textXu, Chan. "Étude et simulation numérique d'un procédé de cuisson rapide pour l'élaboration de matériaux composites à matrice thermodurcissable." Phd thesis, Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux I, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01064333.
Full textZhang, Xiao Ping. "Modélisation de la vitesse de propagation des fissures de fatigue sous chargement à amplitude variable." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991INPL087N.
Full textTrudel, Gisèle. "Dessiner une écosophie transductive : matières résiduelles, milieux associés, arts technologiques." Thèse, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/18444.
Full textMultiple crises over the last several decades demonstrate the entanglement of materialities, humans, and technologies. Despite the 3RV-Es (Reduce, Reuse, Recycle, Valorisation and Elimination), waste increases. This media-based research-creation dissertation is an investigation of technological artistic experimentation with residual matter as aesthetic/political engagement. This dissertation is concerned with what wastewater treatment, engineered landfill sites, and atmospheric and electromagnetic pollution create. I analyze how these operations are at the very heart of artworks produced since 2006 by Ælab, an artistic research unit I cofounded with composer Stéphane Claude in 1996. Joselita Ciaravino, Gilles Deleuze, Félix Guattari, Brian Massumi, Gilbert Simondon, and Isabelle Stengers are my primary philosophical allies. Ciaravino discusses disegno’s third order, a form of non-representational drawing practiced by da Vinci during the Renaissance. This type of drawing activates a transduction process as described by Simondon: a disruptive element participating in a milieu under tension triggers a potential energy discharge that overflows onto neighbouring elements, which can, in turn, generate new pivots of interrelation. These assemblages recall Guattari’s discussion of ecosophy, a dynamic, triple intertwining of subjectivation, collectivity, and the environment that provides fertile milieus to follow the transductions art brings about. A new force accompanies their drawing and a “paying attention” (Stengers) emerges, act of resistance and solidarity. Ethico-aesthetic experiments with waste are a way of questioning dualisms that may hamper the technological exploration of materialities in order to participate in the transductive reticulation of ecosophy. Working with waste creates an amplified relation; it amplifies a technological practice that, as it resingularizes, also extends to collectivities. This dissertation presents five chapters in which practice and theory meet. In each, two concepts are placed in dialogue: Drawing and Diagrammatic; Milieus and Intervals; Translation and Transduction; Ecosophy and Paying Attention; Postmedia and Commons. “Blocks of sensation” (Deleuze and Guattari) arise between theorization and an a-chronological telling of artistic practice, one “through” (au travers) the other (perScapere), one with the other. The works build a plan of composition (Deleuze and Guattari) I call the “perse_plan”. The phases of the perse_plan are split by the actions of fissure, interval, undulation, and cascade. These phases are the result of ontogenetic experimentation through five artworks and their related processes interconnected with digital drawing, video, audio, light, materialities, sensors, performances, and installations. Across thresholds and various resonances, their “associated milieus” (Simondon) are drawn out over time.
Gendreau, Marie-Pierre. "Le nouveau paradigme de la gestion écologiquement rationnelle dans la politique publique des matières résiduelles au Québec." Mémoire, 2011. http://www.archipel.uqam.ca/4284/1/M12252.pdf.
Full textSalambanga, Fabiola D. R. "Évaluation de l'exposition aux microorganismes des chauffeurs de camion et des éboueurs responsables du transport des matières résiduelles et des déchets." Thesis, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/24170.
Full textWorkers involved in the management of household residual materials are continuously exposed to bioaerosols which can cause them health problems of an infectious, allergenic and carcinogenic nature. The purpose of this study was to assess the exposure to bioaerosols of collectors and trucks drivers during the collection of domestic waste and residual materials in Montreal by a multimeric and multimedia analysis. A sampling campaign was conducted on six drivers and six collectors. A total of 6 trucks that collect recyclable (2), organic (2) and compost (2) waste were evaluated. Samples were also taken from the surface of the drivers' seats, and the cabin air filters were recovered. Samples were analyzed at the microbiology laboratory of the IRSST using the microbial culture method and the molecular method of Droplet Digital PCR (ddPCR). The results indicate that collectors are generally the most exposed to bioaerosols. Domestic waste collectors were in particular the most exposed with average concentrations for bacteria (27,000 CFU/m3), endotoxins (100 EU/m3) and fungi (5,900 CFU/m3) exceeding health recommendations. However, the compost collectors were the most exposed to fungi (6,800 CFU/m3). E. coli and A. fumigatus were detected in all of our samples, but exposures were greater for workers collecting domestic waste. In addition, the seats of drivers involved in domestic waste collection had the highest levels of contamination. The average concentration of A. fumigatus (2,500 UG/m3) in the air of the cabin of domestic waste trucks was higher than that of recycling and compost trucks. The results of the filters did not allow us to draw any conclusions on their role in terms of drivers exposure to bioaerosols. The results of this research highlighted that workers exposure to bioaerosols could be influenced by factors such as the type of waste, the workplace and workers’ tasks performed. This study confirms the high potential for exposure to bioaerosols of workers assigned to the transport of household residual materials and waste. It also validates the need to reduce workers exposures by various strategies including, cabin cleaning procedures and the use of respiratory protection equipment for specific tasks generating bioaerosols (water jet cleaning of trucks, unloading of trucks).
Belzile, Karine. "Développement d'une approche intégrée pour la gestion des rebuts de bois au Québec." Mémoire, 2007. http://www.archipel.uqam.ca/796/1/M10041.pdf.
Full textRobichaud, Kawina. "Bioremédiation de sols en milieu nordique : des ressources locales pour traiter une variété d’hydrocarbures pétroliers et autres contaminants avec la phytoremédiation, la mycoremédiation et l’aide de matières résiduelles fertilisantes." Thèse, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/23498.
Full textPetroleum hydrocarbons are shipped and used in virtually all parts of the world and have become one of the most common and widespread contaminants in soils. Trace elements are sometimes associated with them, and they can increase the toxicity of a site, complicate remediation, and increase the costs of traditional treatments. In northern areas where spills occur at multiple sites, the clean-up time and cost of traditional remediation methods can be significantly higher than in temperate regions. Alternative research aimed at faster and cheaper remediation adapted to subarctic climates is needed and the use of native plants and fungi integrated into the local ecosystem are promising approaches. Concurrently, governments in multiple countries aim to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, namely through the reduction of putrescible waste destined for landfills. By using locally-sourced residual fertilizing materials for decontamination processes, an opportunity arises to valorize these materials while restoring soils. This doctoral research aims to develop locally-adapted bioremediation methods, with indigenous plant and fungal inputs, to treat petroleum hydrocarbon contaminated soils in three large-scale field research projects, including one also contaminated with trace elements. Two projects were carried out in a subarctic climate at the 60 ° parallel (Whitehorse, Yukon), using an innovative approach of phytoremediation assisted by mushrooms and municipal compost; we call this integrated technique the "ecological microsystem" approach. Because soil volume has significant impacts on the efficiency of bioremediation methods, considerable volumes of 0.15 m3 and 1 m3 were used (at the first and second sites, respectively) to maximize the relevance of results in the event of a scale-up operation. At the first site, the effectiveness of the various components of the microsystem were evaluated in four different combinations, as well as compared to the usual basic treatment (fertilizer) in soil contaminated by an accidental diesel spill. The plant species chosen was Salix planifolia and Pleurotus ostreatus was selected for the fungus. Results indicate that after one treatment season, the microsystem was the treatment with the fastest diesel removal rates. After three seasons, treatments containing one or more elements of the microsystem were below standards for agricultural soils and were more effective than fertilizer treatment or natural attenuation. The second northern site was a waste oil pit located on top of a mine waste rock pile, at the heart of an old landfill. The microsystem was implanted into ground-level cells with a contaminant-proof leachate liner. The plant species Salix alaxensis and Salix planifolia were used in combination with the fungus Trametes versicolor. This approach in a highly contaminated soil was able to significantly reduce petroleum hydrocarbons (65 to 75%). The potential for metal accumulation in aerial plant tissues was also measured. Both willow species demonstrated distinct trace element accumulation patterns and different rooting strategies. A fungus of the Psathyrellaceae family was observed for the first time at a site so highly contaminated and was recurrent on the cells of the microsystem for 4 years. The first two sites contribute to the development of efficient and passive bioremediation methods applicable in subarctic climates. The third research site focused on the use of two residual fertilizing materials (fragmented rameal wood and brewer’s spent grain) and manure for the degradation of motor oil in a humid continental climate at a medium latitude (Neuville, Quebec). Mesocosms of 0.76 m3 with controlled aeration were used. Innovative aspects of this project include the use of rameal wood and spent grain at this scale, as well as the acquisition of residual materials in a very close radius of the treatment center to explore how a circular economy approach could apply in such a context. Results indicate that the addition of manure is more effective than the usual fertilizer treatment alone. Brewer’s spent grain and fragmented rameal wood were useful for maintaining soil moisture (an important bioremediation parameter) but did not increase degradation. This study, conducted in close collaboration with an industrial partner, falls under the objectives set by Canadian and Quebec policy on greenhouse gas reductions and circular economy approaches by working on the valorization of local residual organic matter. This thesis has demonstrated that combining strategies with local biological components is an effective bioremediation method in a subarctic climate. Two new willow species (Salix planifolia and Salix alaxensis) have been successfully used for the bioremediation of petroleum hydrocarbons and for the accumulation of certain trace elements. In collaboration with an industrial partner, it has been possible to demonstrate the applicability of certain circular economy concepts and the ecosystemic approach to bioremediation.
Gareau, Priscilla. "Gouvernance environnementale et gestion intégrée des déchets au Québec : obstacles à la protection de l'environnement, de la santé publique et à la démocratie participative." Thèse, 2008. http://www.archipel.uqam.ca/1539/1/D1694.pdf.
Full textMiquel, Jean-Charles. "Épandage de biosolides papetiers et de boues de chaux dans une plantation de peuplier hybride : effets sur la nutrition foliaire et la croissance." Thèse, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/19094.
Full textThe use of fertilizing residual materials (FRM) in hybrid poplar (HP) plantations in Quebec could maximize yields and merchantable volumes. It would also have the advantage of minimizing the burial (landfill) or incineration of FRM. However, applications rates of FRM must be calibrated for an optimal response of the trees. The study was conducted in a PEH plantation in the Eastern Townships. An experimental design comprising two blocks (repetitions) of five plots - one control and four combinations of papermill biosolids and lime sludge - was established in fall 2012/spring 2013 and sampling was conducted three years later (summer 2015). The treatments represented the following application rates: 140 and 15 t ha-1 (wet), 140 and 30 t ha-1, 240 and 15 t ha-1 and 240 and 30 t ha-1 of biosolids and lime, respectively. Soil properties as well as morphology and nutrition of HP were evaluated. We observed a highly significant treatment effect on HP growth compared to untreated plots. The height of HP trees in the treated plots increased by 1.6 to 2 times, diameter by 2.5 to 4 times, leaf area by 3 to 8 times and the foliar weight by 2.7 to 9 times compared to the trees in the untreated plots. However, there was no significant difference among the various treatments. Foliar nutrition analyses showed that fertilization with FRM was sufficient to compensate for the low availability of nutrients in the soil. Thus, with FRM application, the macronutrients N, P, K and Ca in the leaves were within the optimal concentration ranges, whereas without FRM, the leaves showed concentrations below these thresholds. Despite the small differences observed among the four amendments, the treatment combining 240 t ha-1 of biosolids and 15 t ha-1 of lime was the one the closest to the optimal nutrition for HP. Papermill biosolids in combination with lime sludge provide very encouraging results in regard to foliar nutrition and yields of HP plantations.