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1

HINES, A. H., and L. D. SMITH. "Crustacean Mating Behavior." Science 253, no. 5023 (1991): 1045–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.253.5023.1045-a.

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2

Boğa, Kuru Buket; Kuru Mushap. "Reproductive behavior in female rats." RATS 1, no. 1 (2023): 21–26. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8143369.

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Reproductive physiology and sexual behavior in rats play crucial roles in understanding their reproductive capabilities and mating dynamics. Female rats exhibit mating behavior during estrus, involving mounting, intromission, and ejaculation. Lordosis, the arched-back posture, is a characteristic behavior evaluated using the lordosis quotient (LQ). Video recording enables accurate assessment of lordosis, and female rats actively participate in mating through proactive behaviors and vocalizations. In natural settings, females display a range of mating behaviors, indicating their motivation and
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3

Huo, Qing-Bo, Bin-Qing Zhu, Dávid Murányi, et al. "The First Study of Mating Mistakes in Stoneflies (Plecoptera) from China, with Remarks on Their Biological Implications." Insects 13, no. 12 (2022): 1102. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/insects13121102.

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Currently, information on the biology of Plecoptera from China is scarce, particularly on mating behavior. In this paper, the existence of mating mistakes (erroneous mating attempts) involving 13 Chinese stonefly species (belonging to eight genera and three families) is reported. These erroneous mating behaviors can be included into three different categories: mating attempts between conspecific males (including the formation of erroneous mating balls), mating attempts between different taxa (including displacement attempts during copulation), and mating-related behaviors with non-living objec
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4

Mathews, Patrick L., and Thomas L. Bultman. "Mating behavior of a parajulid millipede, Aniulus bollmani." Canadian Journal of Zoology 71, no. 11 (1993): 2297–300. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z93-322.

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The mating behavior of a North American parajulid millipede, Aniulus bollmani, was examined. Pairs of mature A. bollmani collected from a small woodlot in northern Missouri were placed into chambers to allow mating to be observed through a dissecting microscope. Five complete matings were observed out of 10 pairings. Males used their enlarged first leg pair to grasp females before and during copulation, and their anterior and posterior gonopods articulated to transfer sperm to the females. Information on age distribution over a 10-month sampling period indicated multiple mating seasons and lon
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5

Chiyoda, Kazuma, Kanata Inoue, Koji Nishisue, Kazuhisa Yamasaki, Toshiyuki Satoh, and Satoshi Koyama. "Mating Behavior of The Small Carpenter Ant, Camponotus yamaokai." Sociobiology 71, no. 1 (2024): e10491. http://dx.doi.org/10.13102/sociobiology.v71i1.10491.

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Ants are known to show diverse mating behaviors across different species, but detailed reports on such behaviors are limited to only 0.7% of ant species. Therefore, we report on the mating behavior of the alate females and males in the small carpenter ant, Camponotus yamaokai. Its process was classified into two phases: mating attempt, and copulation. Out of 53 pairs we observed, 23 pairs engaged in a total of 36 mating attempts. The mating attempt durations in cases where copulation failed were significantly longer than those leading to copulation. Among these attempts, copulation was observe
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6

Sanchez-Cruz, Abraham, Patricia Villa-Ayala, and Alfredo Jiménez-Pérez. "Mating Behavior of Cyclocephala barrerai Martínez (Coleoptera: Melolonthidae)." Insects 16, no. 6 (2025): 613. https://doi.org/10.3390/insects16060613.

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Our study aimed to characterize mating behavior in virgin and once-mated males and females of Cyclocephala barrerai. We reared the specimens under laboratory conditions and recorded the age at which the organisms began their reproductive activity and the time they remained active. We characterized behavioral acts during mating in two groups—virgin and once-mated organisms. Transitions between behaviors were analyzed using Markov chains and the generated ethograms. The duration of behaviors and the percentage of transitions were compared between the two groups. To characterize the mating behavi
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7

Seremak, Beata, Bogumiła Pilarczyk, Aleksandra Wojciechowska, and Agnieszka Tomza-Marciniak. "Selected Aspects of Reproductive Behavior of American Mink (Neovison vison) under Artificial Conditions." Animals 13, no. 21 (2023): 3346. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani13213346.

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Observation and behavioral analysis of animals can be one of the factors taken into consideration when assessing the welfare of animals kept in artificially created breeding conditions. Disturbed welfare and prolonged exposure to stress can lead to the emergence of abnormal behaviors, including reproductive issues. The aim of this study was to examine the mating behavior of male American mink, with regard to the duration of mating and any potential differences with regard to time of day, mating period, number of mating attempts, and time spent with the female. The study material consisted of 1
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8

Yoshida, Tadaharu. "Mating behavior of honeybees." Journal of Pesticide Science 36, no. 4 (2011): 497–502. http://dx.doi.org/10.1584/jpestics.w11-24.

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9

Di, Xueyuan, Jianfeng Liu, Chengxu Wu, Bin Yan, Xiaofei Yu, and Maofa Yang. "Delayed Mating with Multiple Partners Decreases Indexes of Mating in Female and Male Spodoptera litura (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)." Environmental Entomology 49, no. 4 (2020): 789–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ee/nvaa069.

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Abstract Delayed mating is an effective strategy that can decrease the fecundity of a pest by reducing the time that females have to mate. This disruption does not completely inhibit mating and may lead to multiple matings. The effects of delayed mating with multiple partners on different indexes of mating in female and male Spodoptera litura (Fabricius) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) were determined in this study. The delay in mating significantly decreased the number of matings and the mating success of both sexes and the male contribution to reproduction. Compared with the effect on female fecund
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10

Fianco, Marcos, Pedro Guilherme Barrios de Souza-Dias, Fernando de Farias-Martins, et al. "Ethology of the cricket Endecous (Endecous) chape Souza-Dias & de Mello, 2017 (Orthoptera: Grylloidea: Phalangopsidae) I: Agonistic and reproductive behavior." Journal of Orthoptera Research 27, no. 2 (2018): 193–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/jor.27.29687.

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The mating behaviors of crickets, especially those related to agonistic encounters and oviposition, are poorly known. For example, only 10 of the 1005 valid species of Phalangopsidae have been studied to some extent. Here, we describe the reproductive behavior of Endecous (Endecous) chape, characterizing the actions involved in agonistic encounters, mating behaviors (female attraction, pair-formation, courtship, mating, and post-copulatory behavior), and oviposition. We recorded and timed agonistic, mating, and oviposition behaviors in staged trials. The male-male interactions ofE.chaperanged
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11

Fianco, Marcos, Souza-Dias Pedro Guilherme Barrios de, Farias-Martins Fernando de, et al. "Ethology of the cricket Endecous (Endecous) chape Souza-Dias & de Mello, 2017 (Orthoptera: Grylloidea: Phalangopsidae) I: Agonistic and reproductive behavior." Journal of Orthoptera Research 27, no. (2) (2018): 193–201. https://doi.org/10.3897/jor.27.29687.

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The mating behaviors of crickets, especially those related to agonistic encounters and oviposition, are poorly known. For example, only 10 of the 1005 valid species of Phalangopsidae have been studied to some extent. Here, we describe the reproductive behavior of Endecous (Endecous) chape, characterizing the actions involved in agonistic encounters, mating behaviors (female attraction, pair-formation, courtship, mating, and post-copulatory behavior), and oviposition. We recorded and timed agonistic, mating, and oviposition behaviors in staged trials. The male-male interactions of E. chape rang
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12

Molleman, Freerk, Sridhar Halali, and Ullasa Kodandaramaiah. "Brief Mating Behavior at Dawn and Dusk and Long Nocturnal Matings in the Butterfly Melanitis leda." Journal of Insect Behavior 33, no. 2-4 (2020): 138–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10905-020-09753-x.

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Abstract Information on the mating system of an insect species is necessary to gain insight into sexual selection and population structure. Male territoriality of the common evening brown butterfly Melanitis leda has been studied in the wild, but other aspects of its mating system remain largely unknown. For a population of M. leda in South India, we observed male-male and male-female interactions in captivity, measured mating duration and spermatophore mass, and also determined the degree of polyandry in the wild. We found that mating behavior takes place for short periods of time around dawn
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13

Lu, Wen, Qiao Wang, Mingyi Tian, Jin Xu, Jian Lv, and Aizhi Qin. "Mating behavior and sexual selection in a polygamous beetle." Current Zoology 59, no. 2 (2013): 257–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/czoolo/59.2.257.

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Abstract Mating behavior and sexual selection in relation to morphometric traits in a polygamous beetle, Glenea cantor (F.) (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae), were investigated. Upon encounter, a male approached a female, mounted her, grasped her terminal abdomen with his hind tarsi, and attempted to mate. Successful mating lasted about 3.5 h. Although all traits measured in females and half of traits in males were significantly correlated with mating success, the primary selection on virgin females was the genital trait, the bursa copulatrix length, and that on males was the body length and hind tar
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14

Calla-Quispe, Erika, Esperanza Irigoin, Madina Mansurova, Carlos Martel, and Alfredo J. Ibáñez. "Lateralized Movements during the Mating Behavior, Which Are Associated with Sex and Sexual Experience, Increase the Mating Success in Alphitobius diaperinus (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae)." Insects 14, no. 10 (2023): 806. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/insects14100806.

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In the present study, we explored the effects of displacement directionality in mating behavior (i.e., lateralized and non-lateralized movements) on mating success (i.e., copulation occurs) and efficiency (i.e., time length at which copulation is achieved), and its association with sex and sexual experience in A. diaperinus. To do so, we carried out mating experiments and recorded the behavior of the mating pair during the whole mating sequence (i.e., precopulatory and copulatory phases). During the precopulatory phase, independently of sex and sexual experience, all beetles performed non-late
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15

CENTENO, ELLIOTT, and EDISON ZEFA. "The complex communication signals in the mating behavior of the tropical cricket Cranistus colliurides Stål, 1861 (Orthoptera: Grylloidea; Trigonidiidae: Phylloscyrtini)." Zootaxa 4623, no. 3 (2019): 571–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4623.3.9.

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Cricket mating behavior reflects different strategies developed by sexual selection throughout evolutionary time. To our knowledge, only one species of the Neotropical cricket Trigonidiinae had its mating behavior studied so far. Here we expand this knowledge by describing the mating behavior of Cranistus colliurides Stål, 1861, a cricket commonly found in bushes and grasses along open fields or the forest edge. Adult crickets were collected in the municipality of Capão do Leão, State of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. Trials were carried out in laboratory to characterize the mating sequence. We qu
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16

Shorter, John R., Lauren M. Dembeck, Logan J. Everett, et al. "Obp56hModulates Mating Behavior inDrosophila melanogaster." G3: Genes|Genomes|Genetics 6, no. 10 (2016): 3335–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1534/g3.116.034595.

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17

Fairbanks, W. Sue. "Mating Behavior and Conservation Genetics." Ecology 76, no. 6 (1995): 2011–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1940738.

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18

Malimonov, Igor Vasileviсh, Liudmila Gennad’evna Korol, Irina Georgievna Sinkovskaya, and Dmitriy Vladimiroviсh Rakhinskiy. "PROBLEM MATING BEHAVIOR OF STUDENTS." Sovremennye issledovaniya sotsialnykh problem, no. 10 (December 23, 2015): 202. http://dx.doi.org/10.12731/2218-7405-2015-10-19.

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19

Barr, Maureen M. "C. elegans male mating behavior." Seminars in Cell & Developmental Biology 33 (September 2014): 1–2. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.semcdb.2014.06.006.

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20

YOSHIDA, TADAHARU. "Mating behavior in Apis. Interesting mating behavior that takes place high in the skies." Kagaku To Seibutsu 27, no. 7 (1989): 466–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1271/kagakutoseibutsu1962.27.466.

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21

Keeratipattarakarn, Kanitta, and Fahmida Wazed Tina. "Mate search behavior and mating modes affect the feeding and reproductive behaviors of male fiddler crabs." Journal of Animal Behaviour and Biometeorology 13, no. 2 (2025): 2025016. https://doi.org/10.31893/jabb.2025016.

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In some species of fiddler crabs, females search for mates, and their mating and breeding occur inside male burrows (i.e., underground mating species), such as Austruca annulipes. However, in some species, males search for females; they mate on the surface near female burrows, and females breed inside their own burrows (i.e., surface mating species), such as Gelasimus vocans and Tubuca rosea. In this study, we investigated how fiddler crabs’ mate-searching behavior and mating modes affect feeding, reproductive behaviors (e.g., major claw waving (i.e., courting), building breeding burrows, figh
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22

Iwabuchi, Kikuo. "Mating behavior ofXylotrechus pyrrhoderus Bates (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae). VI mating system." Journal of Ethology 6, no. 2 (1988): 69–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02350870.

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23

Ginns, J. "Hericium in North America: cultural characteristics and mating behavior." Canadian Journal of Botany 63, no. 9 (1985): 1551–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b85-215.

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Cultural characteristics observed in nearly 75 cultures were the basis for the descriptions of the four North American species of Hericium. Comparison of the cultural characters showed subtle differences among the species. Similarities in cultural characters led to the evaluation of nearly 4100 intercollection matings to confirm the identity of the cultures and establish species circumscriptions. As a result all Canadian cultures labelled H. erinaceus were reassigned to H. americanum. The presence of H. erinaceus in Canada could not be confirmed. Matings confirmed the conspecificity of North A
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24

Lv, Lei, Zhengwang Zhang, Frank Groenewoud, et al. "Extra-pair mating opportunities mediate parenting and mating effort trade-offs in a songbird." Behavioral Ecology 31, no. 2 (2019): 421–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/beheco/arz204.

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Abstract In socially monogamous species with bi-parental care, males may face a trade-off between providing parental care and pursuing extra-pair matings. The “parenting-mating trade-off” hypothesis predicts that high-quality males—who have greater potential to gain extra-pair matings, for example, larger males usually win the competition for extra-pair mating—should reduce parental care and spend more time looking for extra-pair matings. However, the trade-off between parenting and mating efforts may be complicated by variation in the availability of extra-pair mating opportunities. By using
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25

Sakaluk, Scott, and W. Snedden. "Time-Laspe Video Study of Mating Behavior in Sagebrush Crickets (Cyphoderris strepitans)." UW National Parks Service Research Station Annual Reports 13 (January 1, 1989): 131–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.13001/uwnpsrc.1989.2809.

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Sagebrush crickets (Cyphoderris strepitans) are primitive acoustic insects which occur only in mountainous areas of Wyoming and Colorado (Morris and Gwynne 1978). In Grand Teton National Park, adults become sexually active in early May and matings subsequently occur over a 3 - 6 week period. Each night of the breeding season, males emerge from the soil litter shortly after sunset, climb into the sagebrush and begin to sing, presumably to attract sexually receptive females. Copulation is initiated when a receptive female climbs onto the dorsum of a male, at which time he attempts to transfer a
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26

Mattei, Jennifer H., Mark A. Beekey, Adam Rudman, and Alyssa Woronik. "Reproductive behavior in horseshoe crabs: Does density matter?" Current Zoology 56, no. 5 (2010): 634–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/czoolo/56.5.634.

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Abstract While the four species of horseshoe crabs share many common reproductive traits with respect to their reproductive systems, they do differ with respect to their mating behavior (monogamy vs. polygynandry). Past research has attributed these differences to a number of factors including: spawning densities, operational sex ratios (OSR's), male condition (or age), environmental and/or genetic factors, or a combination thereof. Mating behaviors in the three Asian horseshoe crab species (Tachypleus gigas, T. tridentatus, and Carcinoscorpius rotundicauda) with low spawning densities and 1:1
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27

Dorer, Russell, Charles Boone, Tyler Kimbrough, Joshua Kim, and Leland H. Hartwell. "Genetic Analysis of Default Mating Behavior in Saccharomyces cerevisiae." Genetics 146, no. 1 (1997): 39–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/genetics/146.1.39.

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Haploid Saccharomyces cerevisiae cells find each other during conjugation by orienting their growth toward each other along pheromone gradients (chemotropism). However, when their receptors are saturated for pheromone binding, yeast cells must select a mate by executing a default pathway in which they choose a mating partner at random. We previously demonstrated that this default pathway requires the SPA2 gene. In this report we show that the default mating pathway also requires the AXL1, FUS1, FUS2, FUS3, PEAZ, RVS161, and BNI1 genes. These genes, including SPA2, are also important for effici
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28

Comeau, Michel, and Mikio Moriyasu. "Grasping Behavior of Male Snow Crab Chionoecetes Opilio (O. Fabricius, 1788) (Decapoda, Majidae)." Crustaceana 69, no. 2 (1996): 211–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156854096x00529.

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AbstractThe grasping behavior of snow crab, Chionoecetes opilio, was observed in 43 males when only male crabs were collectively held in an aquarium. A larger male always grasped a smaller sized male which exhibited submissive behavior similar to a mature female in a mating pair. This grasping behavior was observed in terminal molt larger sized males except for one case observed for one intermolt juvenile male. During the mating season, although a wide size range of morphometrically mature males was present (51.0-131.0 mm in carapace width) in the wild population, mainly larger sized morphomet
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29

Nardi, C., R. A. Luvizotto, J. R. P. Parra, and J. M. S. Bento. "Mating Behavior ofDiabrotica speciosa(Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae)." Environmental Entomology 41, no. 3 (2012): 562–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1603/en10284.

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30

Perrill, Stephen A., and Michael Magier. "Male Mating Behavior in Acris crepitans." Copeia 1988, no. 1 (1988): 245. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1445945.

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31

Merrill, Richard M., Pasi Rastas, Simon H. Martin, et al. "Genetic dissection of assortative mating behavior." PLOS Biology 17, no. 2 (2019): e2005902. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.2005902.

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32

Allen, Sarah G. "MATING BEHAVIOR IN THE HARBOR SEAL." Marine Mammal Science 1, no. 1 (1985): 84–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1748-7692.1985.tb00532.x.

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33

Crews, D., and M. Moore. "Evolution of mechanisms controlling mating behavior." Science 231, no. 4734 (1986): 121–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.3941893.

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34

Rodda, Gordon H. "The mating behavior of Iguana iguana." Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology, no. 534 (1992): 1–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.5479/si.00810282.534.

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35

Hall, Carol. "Mating Behavior in Antechinus: Femmie Kraaijeveld." Ballarat Naturalist (2001:Sep) (September 2001): 1–2. http://dx.doi.org/10.5962/p.384616.

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36

Hoffmann, Frauke, and Werner Kloas. "Estrogens Can Disrupt Amphibian Mating Behavior." PLoS ONE 7, no. 2 (2012): e32097. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0032097.

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37

Guarraci, Fay A., and Ann S. Clark. "Amphetamine modulation of paced mating behavior." Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior 76, no. 3-4 (2003): 505–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pbb.2003.09.003.

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38

Lujo, S., E. Hartman, K. Norton, E. A. Pregmon, B. B. Rohde, and R. W. Mankin. "Disrupting Mating Behavior ofDiaphorina citri(Liviidae)." Journal of Economic Entomology 109, no. 6 (2016): 2373–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jee/tow202.

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39

Bao, Qiang, Yang Zhang, Ying Yao, et al. "Characteristics of the Mating Behavior of Domesticated Geese from Anser cygnoides and Anser anser." Animals 12, no. 18 (2022): 2326. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani12182326.

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Mating behavior is a critically important component of poultry reproduction. Here, a total of 135 geese were selected, specifically, Sichuan white geese (Anser cygnoides), Zhedong white geese (Anser cygnoides), and Hungarian geese (Anser anser) (300-day-old), and the mating behavior was monitored daily from 6:00 a.m. to 6:00 p.m. during the 20-day observation period. The results showed that the mating process included mounting, female cooperation, and successful copulation. Overall, the three breeds preferred mating on land. More than thirty percent of the mating time was primarily concentrate
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Jones, Brittny M., and Jeffery K. Tomberlin. "Validation of Acrylic Paint as a Marking Technique for Examining Mating Success of the Black Soldier Fly (Diptera: Stratiomyidae)." Journal of Economic Entomology 113, no. 5 (2020): 2128–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jee/toaa129.

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Abstract The black soldier fly, Hermetia illucens (L.) (Diptera: Stratiomyidae), is mass produced worldwide for use in waste management and the production of an alternative protein for use as feed. However, few publications have explored its adult behavior, particularly mating, as a means to optimize egg production in colony. In addition, there is limited knowledge of appropriate marking techniques to explore the mating behavior of this insect. The goal of this study was to validate water-based acrylic paint pens as a possible marking tool for behavioral studies with adult black soldier flies.
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Anders, Alexander, Remy Colin, Alvaro Banderas, and Victor Sourjik. "Asymmetric mating behavior of isogamous budding yeast." Science Advances 7, no. 24 (2021): eabf8404. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.abf8404.

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Anisogamy, the size difference between small male and large female gametes, is known to enable selection for sexual dimorphism and behavioral differences between sexes. Nevertheless, even isogamous species exhibit molecular asymmetries between mating types, which are known to ensure their self-incompatibility. Here, we show that different properties of the pheromones secreted by the MATa and MATα mating types of budding yeast lead to asymmetry in their behavioral responses during mating in mixed haploid populations, which resemble behavioral asymmetries between gametes in anisogamous organisms
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42

Xu, Mingzi, and Kerry L. Shaw. "The Genetics of Mating Song Evolution Underlying Rapid Speciation: Linking Quantitative Variation to Candidate Genes for Behavioral Isolation." Genetics 211, no. 3 (2019): 1089–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1534/genetics.118.301706.

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Differences in mating behaviors evolve early during speciation, eventually contributing to reproductive barriers between species. Knowledge of the genetic and genomic basis of these behaviors is therefore integral to a causal understanding of speciation. Acoustic behaviors are often part of the mating ritual in animal species. The temporal rhythms of mating songs are notably species-specific in many vertebrates and arthropods and often underlie assortative mating. Despite discoveries of mutations that disrupt the temporal rhythm of these songs, we know surprisingly little about genes affecting
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43

Golobinek, Rok, Matjaž Gregorič, and Simona Kralj-Fišer. "Body Size, Not Personality, Explains Both Male Mating Success and Sexual Cannibalism in a Widow Spider." Biology 10, no. 3 (2021): 189. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biology10030189.

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Theory suggests that consistent individual variation in behavior relates to fitness, but few studies have empirically examined the role of personalities in mate choice, male-male competition and reproductive success. We observed the Mediterranean black widow, Latrodectus tredecimguttatus, in the individual and mating context, to test how body size measures and two functionally important aggressive behaviors, i.e., male aggression towards rivals and female voracity towards prey, affect mating behaviors, mating success and sexual cannibalism. We specifically selected voracity towards prey in fem
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Avosani, Sabina, Elissa Daher, Pietro Franceschi, Marco Ciolli, Vincenzo Verrastro, and Valerio Mazzoni. "Vibrational communication and mating behavior of the meadow spittlebug Philaenus spumarius." Entomologia Generalis 40, no. 3 (2020): 307–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1127/entomologia/2020/0983.

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45

Karlsson, Anna, and Martin Haase. "The enigmatic mating behaviour and reproduction of a simultaneous hermaphrodite, the nudibranch Aeolidiella glauca (Gastropoda, Opisthobranchia)." Canadian Journal of Zoology 80, no. 2 (2002): 260–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z02-001.

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Hermaphroditic mating behaviour is poorly investigated and understood, especially in internally fertilized species. This study describes the mating behaviour and reproduction of the simultaneous hermaphrodite Aeolidiella glauca. Unlike other nudibranchs, A. glauca was found to transfer sperm via external spermatophores that were attached to the partner's back. Despite an elaborate courtship, the actual spermatophore transfer, which always involved two animals only, was of short duration. In most matings (88%) spermatophores were reciprocally exchanged. Shortly after transfer the ventral sperma
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46

Ayvazian, Suzanne G. "Observations of asymmetric reproduction along a morphocline of the blackspotted stickleback, Gasterosteus wheatlandi." Canadian Journal of Zoology 71, no. 7 (1993): 1477–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z93-208.

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Assortative mating has been documented within the Gasterosteus aculeatus complex. The outcome of laboratory mating trials between individuals from allopatric populations of the blackspotted stickleback, Gasterosteus wheatlandi, is reported. A total of 70 intra- and inter-population mating trials between individuals from Massachusetts and Connecticut were conducted between 1984 and 1987. The results showed differences in the proportion of successful matings, measured as nests constructed, eggs deposited, and young produced. Although intrapopulation mating trials yielded the greatest proportion
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47

Schnell, Alexandra K., Carolynn L. Smith, Roger T. Hanlon, and Robert T. Harcourt. "Female receptivity, mating history, and familiarity influence the mating behavior of cuttlefish." Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology 69, no. 2 (2014): 283–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00265-014-1841-5.

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48

Nelson, Amanda E., and Maurine Neiman. "Persistent Copulation in Asexual Female Potamopyrgus antipodarum: Evidence for Male Control with Size-Based Preferences." International Journal of Evolutionary Biology 2011 (April 10, 2011): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.4061/2011/439046.

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Transitions from sexual to asexual reproduction provide a useful context for investigating the evolutionary loss of nonfunctional traits. It is often assumed that useless behaviors or structures will degrade, but this process is poorly understood. Potamopyrgus antipodarum is an ancestrally sexual New Zealand freshwater snail characterized by numerous independent transitions to asexual all-female lineages. The availability of multiple independently-derived asexual lineages of various time since derivation from sexual ancestors means that the P. antipodarum system is well-suited for the study of
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49

Mealey, Linda. "Mating strategies as game theory: Changing rules?" Behavioral and Brain Sciences 23, no. 4 (2000): 613. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0140525x00523371.

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Human behavior can be analyzed using game theory models. Complex games may involve different rules for different players and may allow players to change identity (and therefore, rules) according to complex contingencies. From this perspective, mating behaviors can be viewed as strategic “plays” in a complex “mating game,” with players varying tactics in response to changes in the game's payoff matrix.
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50

Gagnon, Marie-Claude, Pierre Duchesne, and Julie Turgeon. "Sexual conflict inGerris gillettei(Insecta: Hemiptera): influence of effective mating rate and morphology on reproductive success." Canadian Journal of Zoology 90, no. 11 (2012): 1297–306. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z2012-098.

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In water striders, the interests of both sexes diverge over the decision to mate, leading to precopulatory sexual conflict. The influence of mating rate and key persistence and resistance traits on reproductive success has seldom been investigated in the context of multiple matings. We used amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) based genetic parentage analyses to estimate mating and reproductive success in Gerris gillettei Lethierry and Severin, 1896, while allowing for free multiple matings. We tested the hypotheses that males should display stronger opportunity for sexual selection a
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