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Journal articles on the topic 'Mating tactics'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 3 February 2022

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1

Dyson, Miranda L., and Patricia R. Y. Backwell. "Alternative mating tactics and male mating success in two species of fiddler crab." Behaviour 153, no. 12 (2016): 1403–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/1568539x-00003386.

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The use of alternative male mating tactics can determine the strength of sexual selection on male traits and have implications for sexual dimorphism. We examined size-based mating success in two species of fiddler crabs where males use each of two alternative tactics to obtain matings. InUca annulipes, larger males were more successful when using the primary mating tactic (burrow mating) but the full size range of males mated when using the secondary tactic (surface mating). InUca urvillei, both burrow and surface mating males were larger than the average sized male in the population. Standardised directional selection gradients indicated that selection on male size was stronger inU. urvilleithanU. annulipes, reflecting the differences between species in male mating success. Our results also showed that sexual size dimorphism was greater in the species with stronger sexual selection on male size than in the species with weaker sexual selection.

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2

Pintus, Eliana, Stefania Uccheddu, Knut H. Røed, Javier Pérez Gonzaléz, Juan Carranza, Mauri Nieminen, and Øystein Holand. "Flexible mating tactics and associated reproductive effort during the rutting season in male reindeer (Rangifer tarandus, L. 1758)." Current Zoology 61, no. 5 (October 1, 2015): 802–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/czoolo/61.5.802.

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Abstract Polygynous males can change their mating tactics across their lifetime, but information is scarce on the flexibility of this trait within a given season and the relative costs and benefits of using different tactics. Here, we monitored individually marked male reindeer Rangifer tarandus and classified their mating tactics as harem-defense, sneaking, or mixed. The costs of the male reproductive effort were assessed using both direct (i.e. percentage of body mass lost) and indirect measures (i.e. activity patterns such as feeding, standing, and walking), while mating group size and reproductive success were recorded as mating effort benefits. Our results show that reindeer males may switch between the harem-defense and sneaking tactics throughout the same breeding season, providing further support to the notion that reproductive tactics are flexible in ungulates. The costs and benefits of male mating effort vary according to the mating tactic, reaching the highest values in harem-holders and the lowest values in sneaking males. Moreover, males who switched between the sneaking tactic and the harem-defence tactic tended to achieve higher mating success than males who consistently used the least costly tactic. Indeed, all harem-holders successfully sired offspring, whereas only two out of three mixed-tactic males sired one calf, and sneaking males did not sire any calves. In conclusion, our results show that reindeer males can modulate their mating efforts during the same breeding season by switching between the most costly harem-defense tactic and the least costly sneaking tactic, suggesting individual solutions to the balance between reproductive effort and mating opportunities.

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3

Horrell, R. I., and Helen Wild. "Mating tactics in rams." Applied Animal Behaviour Science 26, no. 3 (May 1990): 297–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0168-1591(90)90166-b.

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4

Wilgers, Dustin J., Daniel Wickwire, and Eileen A. Hebets. "Detection of predator cues alters mating tactics in male wolf spiders." Behaviour 151, no. 5 (2014): 573–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/1568539x-00003149.

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Males of the wolf spider, Rabidosa punctulata, exhibit condition-dependent alternative mating tactics, whereby small, poor condition males engage in multimodal courtship while large, good condition males adopt a direct mount tactic that forgoes courtship. This study explores the possibility that tactic-specific costs can help explain this unintuitive pattern of mating tactic expression. Specifically, we hypothesize that courtship signaling is costly with respect to eavesdropping by predators and that males can alter their tactic expression based upon the perceived environmental predation risk. We test this by first examining the risk of predation associated with different mating tactics. We use a co-occurring predatory heterospecific, R. rabida as our predator. We found support for the prediction that courting R. punctulata males tended to be attacked more often than non-courting males, and the likelihood of being attacked was best predicted by courtship activity. Given this documented cost, we hypothesized that R. punctulata males would adjust their mating tactic based upon perceived predation risk. In a second experiment, we manipulated perceived predation risk by providing R. punctulata males with different female silk cues (conspecific; predatory heterospecific; conspecific + predatory heterospecific) and examined mating tactic expression. In support of our hypothesis, males were more likely to adopt the direct mount tactic in the presence of predatory heterospecific or mixed silk cues and were more likely to court in the presence of conspecific cues. These results support the hypothesis that the cost of predation from eavesdroppers may influence the evolution and expression of male alternative mating tactics in R. punctulata.

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5

Johnson, Kristine, and Nancy Tyler Burley. "Mating Tactics and Mating Systems of Birds." Ornithological Monographs, no. 49 (January 1998): 21–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/40166717.

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6

Caudron, A. K., S. S. Negro, M. Fowler, L. Boren, P. Poncin, B. C. Robertson, and N. J. Gemmell. "Alternative mating tactics in the New Zealand fur seal (Arctocephalus forsteri): when non-territorial males are successful too." Australian Journal of Zoology 57, no. 6 (2009): 409. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/zo09024.

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In polygynous mammals, the status of many males does not allow them to have a high social rank and theory predicts selection for alternative mating tactics. Alternative tactics were suggested to explain discrepancies between mating and paternity successes in several pinniped species. However, information on alternative tactics in fur seals is limited. Here, we focus on the polygynous New Zealand fur seal, Arctocephalus forsteri, predicting that competition for females is likely to cause a diversification of male mating tactics and that non-territorial tactics can yield reproductive success. We describe the behaviour of 38 males in a medium to large colony. Paternity success was assessed using CERVUS and PASOS, from a pool of 82 pups sampled at the study site and at neighbouring breeding areas. To see whether size is correlated with mating tactic, the length of 17 males was estimated using photogrammetry. Cluster analysis identified three male behavioural profiles: one corresponding to large territorial males and two illustrating alternative tactics employed by smaller non-territorial males. Of the 13 pups born at the study site that were assigned a father, eight were sired by three territorial males and five were sired by non-territorial males. Our study highlights that holding a territory is not a necessary condition for reproductive success in all otariids.

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7

Allen, J. Sabura, and Kent G. Bailey. "Are Mating Strategies and Mating Tactics Independent Constructs?" Journal of Sex Research 44, no. 3 (July 23, 2007): 225–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00224490701443601.

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8

Neff, Bryan D., and Erik I. Svensson. "Polyandry and alternative mating tactics." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 368, no. 1613 (March 5, 2013): 20120045. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2012.0045.

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Many species in the animal kingdom are characterized by alternative mating tactics (AMTs) within a sex. In males, such tactics include mate guarding versus sneaking behaviours, or territorial versus female mimicry. Although AMTs can occur in either sex, they have been most commonly described in males. This sex bias may, in part, reflect the increased opportunity for sexual selection that typically exists in males, which can result in a higher probability that AMTs evolve in that sex. Consequently, females and polyandry can play a pivotal role in governing the reproductive success associated with male AMTs and in the evolutionary dynamics of the tactics. In this review, we discuss polyandry and the evolution of AMTs. First, we define AMTs and review game theoretical and quantitative genetic approaches used to model their evolution. Second, we review several examples of AMTs, highlighting the roles that genes and environment play in phenotype expression and development of the tactics, as well as empirical approaches to differentiating among the mechanisms. Third, ecological and genetic constraints to the evolution of AMTs are discussed. Fourth, we speculate on why female AMTs are less reported on in the literature than male tactics. Fifth, we examine the effects of AMTs on breeding outcomes and female fitness, and as a source, and possibly also a consequence, of sexual conflict. We conclude by suggesting a new model for the evolution of AMTs that incorporates both environmental and genetic effects, and discuss some future avenues of research.

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9

Preece, T., Y. Mao, J. P. Garrahan, and A. Davison. "Harmful Mating Tactics in Hermaphrodites." American Naturalist 173, no. 5 (May 2009): 632–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/597377.

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10

Clifton, Kenneth E., and D. Ross Robertson. "Risks of alternative mating tactics." Nature 366, no. 6455 (December 1993): 520. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/366520b0.

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11

Blackwood, Julie C., Ludek Berec, Takehiko Yamanaka, Rebecca S. Epanchin-Niell, Alan Hastings, and Andrew M. Liebhold. "Bioeconomic synergy between tactics for insect eradication in the presence of Allee effects." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 279, no. 1739 (March 21, 2012): 2807–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2012.0255.

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Preventing the establishment of invading pest species can be beneficial with respect to averting future environmental and economic impacts and also in preventing the accumulation of control costs. Allee effects play an important role in the dynamics of newly established, low-density populations by driving small populations into self-extinction, making Allee effects critical in influencing outcomes of eradication efforts. We consider interactions between management tactics in the presence of Allee effects to determine cost-effective and time-efficient combinations to achieve eradication by developing a model that considers pesticide application, predator augmentation and mating disruption as control tactics, using the gypsy moth as a case study. Our findings indicate that given a range of constant expenditure levels, applying moderate levels of pesticides in conjunction with mating disruption increases the Allee threshold which simultaneously substantially decreases the time to eradication relative to either tactic alone. In contrast, increasing predation in conjunction with other tactics requires larger economic expenditures to achieve similar outcomes for the use of pesticide application or mating disruption alone. These results demonstrate the beneficial synergy that may arise from nonlinearities associated with the simultaneous application of multiple eradication tactics and offer new prospects for preventing the establishment of damaging non-native species.

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12

Dowling, Jenélle, and Michael S. Webster. "Working with what you've got: unattractive males show greater mate-guarding effort in a duetting songbird." Biology Letters 13, no. 1 (January 2017): 20160682. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsbl.2016.0682.

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When mates are limited, individuals should allocate resources to mating tactics that maximize fitness. In species with extra-pair paternity (EPP), males can invest in mate guarding, or, alternatively, in seeking EPP. Males should optimize fitness by adjusting investment according to their attractiveness to females, such that attractive males seek EPP, and unattractive males guard mates. This theory has received little empirical testing, leaving our understanding of the evolution of mating tactics incomplete; it is unclear how a male's relative attractiveness influences his tactics. We conducted observations and experiments on red-backed fairy-wrens ( Malurus melanocephalus ) to address this question. We found that older, more attractive (red–black) males sought EPP, whereas unattractive (brown) males invested in alternative tactics—physical and acoustic mate guarding. Younger red–black males used intermediate tactics. This suggests that males adopt mating tactics appropriate to their attributes. Males obtained similar reproductive success, suggesting these alternative tactics may maximize each male's paternity gain. Though it is likely that female choice also determines paternity, rather than just male tactics, we establish that the many interconnected components of a male's sexual phenotype influence the evolution of his decision-making rules, deepening our understanding of how mating tactics evolve under sexual selection.

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13

O'Neill, Kevin M., Howard E. Evans, and Ruth P. O'Neill. "Phenotypic correlates of mating success in the sand wasp Bembecinus quinquespinosus (Hymenoptera: Sphecidae)." Canadian Journal of Zoology 67, no. 10 (October 1, 1989): 2557–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z89-361.

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Females of the sand wasp Bembecinus quinquespinosus nest in dense aggregations, the offspring emerging in great numbers the following year. Males display alternative mating tactics. Large males search and dig for females about to emerge from the ground. Mating success here is correlated with body size, primarily because larger males are better able to carry the female in flight away from the emergence area and avoid further harassment. The largest males, representing about one-quarter of the population, obtained over 90% of the matings initiated in the emergence area, whereas males below average in size were never successful there. Because some females leave the area without mating, a pool of virgins is available to small males, who patrol just outside the emergence area and intercept passing females. Males below average in size (and all females) are black with pale white bands on the abdomen. In males above mean size, the proportion of yellow pigmentation on the dorsal and lateral surfaces increases with body size. Males undertaking alternative tactics experience differing thermal environments. Yellow colouration was correlated with higher cuticular reflectance. Comparative evidence and differences in the activity patterns of males of different colour suggest that yellow pigmentation acts as a thermoregulatory mechanism allowing larger males to increase their tolerance of the high temperatures and solar radiation loads in the emergence area. We hypothesize that the mating tactics represent condition-dependent behavioural tactics, with flexibility maintained by sexual selection, and that the colour patterns represent condition-dependent morphological tactics, with the developmental response favoured by selection for thermoregulatory ability.

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14

NOË, Ronald, and Albertha A. Sluijter. "Reproductive Tactics of Male Savanna Baboons." Behaviour 113, no. 1-2 (1990): 117–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156853990x00455.

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AbstractThe strongly related parameters rank, age and period-of-residence determine which reproductive tactics a savanna baboon male will use primarily. Baboon males go through the following phases with respect to the use of mating tactics, as they are longer in the group and thus grow older and, as a rule, drop in rank: Phase 1. Peripheral, relatively little social contact, low mating success, building up of a social bond with a few females. Phase 2. High mating success, based on individual fighting ability, social bonds mainly with females that are, or will soon be, sexually attractive. Phase 3, variant a. (Males that were very successful in Phase 2). Considerable time devoted to guarding infants conceived in phase 2 and to the mothers of those infants. Mating activity drops sharply compared to Phase 2. Phase 3, variant b. (Males that did not go through a very successful Phase 2). Low mating success through whatever tactic, relatively peripheral. Phase 4. Relatively high mating success, partly through collaboration with other males. Considerable time is invested in the care for potential offspring and their mothers. Phase 5. Diminishing share in the total mating activity in the group. The support for infants is spread over a relatively large class of infants conceived after immigration. Social contact with a large number of females. The data did not show the relation between agonistic rank and mating success predicted by ALTMANN'S priority-of-access model. A modification of the model is presented, which allows for coalition formation among males that are too low in rank to be successful on their own. This model could not fully explain, however, the exceptional success of some middle ranking males. The theory of Coalition games can give insight in the processes that lead to distributions of mating success that depart from the modified priority-of-acces model. The lack of agreement between the data and the original priority-of-access model cannot be explained by higher selectivity of the high ranking males. The only qualitative parameter of consorts obtained, according to which high ranking males had an advantage, is the time of the day on which mating activity takes place. This is a direct result of the way in which males obtain their consorts. Consorts are often formed in the sleeping trees during the night or in the early morning. In that situation single, strong males have an advantage in conflicts against coalitions of lower ranking males. Lower ranking males have a relative advantage later in the day, when conflicts are fought out on the ground.

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15

Georgiev, Alexander V., Diana Christie, Kevin A. Rosenfield, Angelina V. Ruiz-Lambides, Elizabeth Maldonado, Melissa Emery Thompson, and Dario Maestripieri. "Breaking the succession rule: the costs and benefits of an alpha-status take-over by an immigrant rhesus macaque on Cayo Santiago." Behaviour 153, no. 3 (2016): 325–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/1568539x-00003344.

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Explaining intraspecific variation in reproductive tactics hinges on measuring associated costs and benefits. Yet, this is difficult if alternative (purportedly less optimal) tactics remain unobserved. We describe a rare alpha-position take-over by an immigrant male rhesus macaque in a population where males typically gain rank via succession. Unusually, male aggressiveness after the take-over correlated with rank and mating success. The new alpha achieved the highest mating and reproductive success. Nevertheless, he sired only 4 infants due to high extra-group paternity (59.3%). The costs of his immigration tactic were high: after the mating season ended, unable to deter coalitionary attacks by resident males, he was overthrown. The following year he had the highest relative annual weight loss and levels of immune activation among males in the group. Succession-based rank-acquisition in large, provisioned groups of macaques thus appears to be actively maintained by resident males, who impose high costs on challengers.

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16

Gress, Brian E., Ryan J. Waltzer, Stefan Lüpold, Elizabeth M. Droge-Young, Mollie K. Manier, and Scott Pitnick. "Alternative mating tactics in the yellow dung fly: resolving mechanisms of small-male advantage off pasture." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 281, no. 1774 (January 7, 2014): 20132164. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2013.2164.

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Recent work suggests that the yellow dung fly mating system may include alternative patroller–competitor mating tactics in which large males compete for gravid females on dung, whereas small, non-competitive males search for females at foraging sites. Small males obtain most matings off pasture, yet the behavioural mechanism(s) giving rise to this pattern are unknown. We investigated the male and female behaviours that determine mating success in this environment by conducting field mating experiments and found small males to benefit from several attributes specific to the off-pasture mating environment. First, small males from foraging sites exhibited higher mating propensity, indicating that large males away from dung may be depleted of energy and/or sperm. Second, small males were more discriminating, being significantly less likely to attempt with non-gravid females, which are absent on dung but common off pasture. Third, non-gravid females were generally more likely to actively struggle and reject mating attempts; however, such behaviours occurred disproportionately more often with large males. Female Scathophaga stercoraria thus appear to preferentially mate with small males when off pasture. These findings challenge assumptions about male–female interactions in systems with alternative mating tactics and reveal hidden processes that may influence selection patterns in the field.

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17

Baum, William M. "Choice of mating tactics and constrained optimality." Behavioral and Brain Sciences 23, no. 4 (August 2000): 589–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0140525x00253375.

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Gangestad & Simpson's arguments may be rendered more substantial and precise by capitalizing on research and theory on choice between reinforced response alternatives. An analysis in terms of feedback functions shows that the effects of individual differences in attractiveness may be understood as constraints on optimality and may be reconciled with the previous research and theory that the authors criticize.

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18

Mazzoldi, C., and M. B. Rasotto. "Alternative male mating tactics in Gobius niger." Journal of Fish Biology 61, no. 1 (July 2002): 157–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8649.2002.tb01743.x.

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19

Brown, William D., and Ruth Stanford. "Male mating tactics in a blister beetle (Coleoptera: Meloidae) vary with female quality." Canadian Journal of Zoology 70, no. 9 (September 1, 1992): 1652–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z92-230.

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Male blister beetles Nemognatha nitidula employ alternative postmating tactics. Females oviposit on the underside of closed thistle buds, and males actively search these sites for potential mates. Males at the oviposition site guard their mates for an extended period after mating, whereas males that secure copulations at open flowers (the foraging site) forgo mate guarding. On average, guarded females were larger than both females that mated at the foraging site and nonguarded females at the oviposition site. This suggests that a male's choice of mating tactic is contingent on female body size. However, larger females take longer to oviposit, and so a large-phenotype bias among guarded females may be a consequence of males remaining with mates until all eggs are laid. This was not the case; males often terminated guarding before oviposition ended, and there was no correlation between length of the guarding period and female body size. Thus, male mating tactics in this blister beetle vary with both the female's location (which is indicative of her readiness to oviposit) and her body size.

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20

Boness, Daryl J., W. Don Bowen, Birgit M. Buhleier, and Gregory J. Marshall. "Mating tactics and mating system of an aquatic-mating pinniped: the harbor seal, Phoca vitulina." Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology 61, no. 1 (August 3, 2006): 119–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00265-006-0242-9.

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21

Sandell, Mikael, and Olof Liberg. "Roamers and Stayers: A Model on Male Mating Tactics and Mating Systems." American Naturalist 139, no. 1 (January 1992): 177–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/285319.

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22

Brodsky, Lynn M. "Mating tactics of male rock ptarmigan, Lagopus mutus: a conditional mating strategy." Animal Behaviour 36, no. 2 (April 1988): 335–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0003-3472(88)80003-4.

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23

Archer, John. "Mating tactics are complex and involve females too." Behavioral and Brain Sciences 15, no. 2 (June 1992): 379–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0140525x00069156.

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24

Roberts, Anna Ilona, and Sam George Bradley Roberts. "Gestural Communication and Mating Tactics in Wild Chimpanzees." PLOS ONE 10, no. 11 (November 4, 2015): e0139683. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0139683.

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25

Krupa, James J. "Alternative mating tactics in the Great Plains toad." Animal Behaviour 37 (June 1989): 1035–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0003-3472(89)90147-4.

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26

Pasetha, Andre, Lisa Michelle Danish, Dyah Perwitasari-Farajallah, Muhammad Agil, and Antje Engelhardt. "Identification of Follower Status Based on Male Proximity Score in Crested Macaque." HAYATI Journal of Biosciences 27, no. 3 (July 1, 2020): 241. http://dx.doi.org/10.4308/hjb.27.3.241.

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Crested macaque live in multimale-multifemale social groups where temporary association (consortship) typically occurs. Current theory and these limited qualitative observations suggest the hypothesis that behavior functions as a means for males to gain access to fertile females. The aim of this study was to investigate follower status based on quantitative method. Males were classified as either “consort males,” “followers,” and “non-followers” based on proximity maintanance every 15 minute uses scan sampling. Tactics used by followers were classified into 1) individual challenge, 2) coalitionary challenge, 3) abandoned takeover, and 4) opportunistic takeover. The proportion of successful takeovers by followers was calculated by dividing the number of takeovers by followers by the total number of observed takeovers. The proportion of followers is higher than average on D-5 and earlier, D-4, and D-3. Only two of the four consort takeover tactics were used by followers. For abandoned which made up 40% and for individual tactic was made up to 11.5% of consort takeovers tactic used. This study contribute to our understanding of alternative mating strategy in primate and provide the first quantitative data demonstrating that following is an alternative mating strategy in crested macaque (Macaca nigra).

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27

Han, Chang S., and Piotr G. Jablonski. "Alternative reproductive tactics shape within-species variation in behavioral syndromes." Behavioral Ecology 30, no. 5 (May 20, 2019): 1234–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/beheco/arz068.

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AbstractMultiple behaviors can correlate with each other at the individual level (behavioral syndrome), and behavioral syndromes can vary in their direction between populations within a species. Within-species variation in behavioral syndromes is predicted to be associated with alternative reproductive tactics (ARTs), which evolve under different selection regimes. Here, we tested this using a water strider species, Gerris gracilicornis, in which males employ 2 ARTs that are fixed for life: signaling males (producing courtship ripples) versus nonsignaling males (producing no courtship ripples). We measured multiple behaviors in males with both of these ARTs and compared behavioral syndromes between them. Our results showed that signaling males were more active and attempted to mate more frequently than nonsignaling males. This shaped an overall behavioral syndrome between activities in mating and nonmating contexts when we pooled both ARTs. In addition, the behavioral syndromes between cautiousness and mating activity differed significantly between ARTs. In signaling males, the syndrome was significantly negative: signaling males more eager to mate tended to leave their refuges more rapidly. However, mating activity and cautiousness were not correlated in nonsignaling males. This might be because active males, in the context of predation risk and mating, were favored during the evolution and maintenance of the unique intimidating courtship tactic of G. gracilicornis males. Thus, our findings suggest that ARTs facilitate behavioral divergence and also contribute to the evolution of tactic-specific behavioral syndromes. We also show that research on ARTs and behavioral syndromes can be harmonized to study behavioral variation.

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Smith, Chad C., and Michael J. Ryan. "Tactic-dependent plasticity in ejaculate traits in the swordtail Xiphophorus nigrensis." Biology Letters 7, no. 5 (April 20, 2011): 733–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsbl.2011.0286.

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In species with alternative reproductive tactics, males that sneak copulations often have larger, higher quality ejaculates relative to males that defend females or nest sites. Ejaculate traits can, however, exhibit substantial phenotypic plasticity depending on a male's mating role in sperm competition, which may depend on the tactic of his competitor. We tested whether exposure to males of different tactics affected sperm number and quality in the swordtail Xipophorus nigrensis , a species with small males that sneak copulations and large males that court females. Sperm swimming speed was higher when the perceived competitor was small than when the competitor was large. Plasticity, however, was only exhibited by small males. Sperm number and viability were invariant between social environments. Our results suggest sperm quality is role-dependent and that plastic responses to the social environment can differ between male reproductive tactics.

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29

Dittrich, Carolin, Ariel Rodríguez, Ori Segev, Sanja Drakulić, Heike Feldhaar, Miguel Vences, and Mark-Oliver Rödel. "Temporal migration patterns and mating tactics influence size-assortative mating in Rana temporaria." Behavioral Ecology 29, no. 2 (January 10, 2018): 418–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/beheco/arx188.

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30

NAKAMURA, MASAHIKO. "Multiple mating and cooperative breeding in polygynandrous alpine accentors. II. Male mating tactics." Animal Behaviour 55, no. 2 (February 1998): 277–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/anbe.1997.0599.

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31

Smith, Carl, and Martin Reichard. "A sperm competition model for the European bitterling (Rhodeus amarus)." Behaviour 150, no. 14 (2013): 1709–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/1568539x-00003116.

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Sperm competition occurs when the spermatozoa of one male coincide with those of another to fertilise the same eggs. In some taxa males perform multiple ejaculations, which may function in sperm competition or in maintaining a baseline density of spermatozoa in the female reproductive tract to ensure fertilisation, a process that has been termed ‘topping up’. We investigated multiple ejaculations in the European bitterling (Rhodeus amarus), a freshwater fish that oviposits in freshwater mussels. We quantified spermatozoa in the mussel mantle cavity following ejaculation, and measured sperm motility parameters of males adopting different mating tactics. Following ejaculation spermatozoa density in the mussel increased linearly, peaked after 30 s, and then declined exponentially. Spermatozoa motility parameters did not differ between male mating tactics. We parameterised a model of sperm competition forR. amarus, which accurately predicted male fertilisation probability. We discuss these results in the context of multiple ejaculations and male mating tactics.

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32

Petersen, Christopher W. "The Relationships Among Population Density, Individual Size, Mating Tactics, and Reproductive Success in a Hermaphroditic Fish, Serranus Fasciatus." Behaviour 113, no. 1-2 (1990): 57–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156853990x00437.

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AbstractThe hermaphroditic reef fish Serranus fasciatus exhibits three types of social systems. The size of a social group is correlated with the local density of conspecifics. At very low densities, isolated pairs of individuals reciprocally spawn with each other, achieving equal current reproductive success. At intermediate group sizes, harems form, with the largest individual typically losing all of its female function and becoming a functional male. In harems, subordinate hermaphrodites obtain little male reproductive success through streaking, an alternative male mating tactic. The lone pure male maintains almost total monopolization of male reproductive success in harems, apparently due to aggressive domination of subordinates. At high group sizes, the ability of the male to monopolize all of the matings in a social group decreases, and some of the larger hermaphrodites obtain some male-role reproductive success by pair spawning with smaller subordinate hermaphrodites while continuing to spawn as females with the male. Mating partners stay relatively constant through time, resulting in a pattern of small 'sub-harems' within harems. These mating tactics are consistent with the hypothesis that dominant individuals increase their current reproductive success in this species by restricting male mating opportunities of conspecifics. Subordinate individuals spawn as males when the dominant is unable to restrict interactions between hermaphrodites that are potential mates, or when they successfully streak. The increased male reproductive success of hermaphrodites in isolated pairs and complex harems compared with hermaphrodites in harems appears to be important in maintaining a hermaphroditic subordinate phenotype in this largely non-reciprocating species.

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Setoguchi, Shiori, Ayumi Kudo, Takuma Takanashi, Yukio Ishikawa, and Takashi Matsuo. "Social context-dependent modification of courtship behaviour in Drosophila prolongata." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 282, no. 1818 (November 7, 2015): 20151377. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2015.1377.

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Induction of alternative mating tactics by surrounding conditions, such as the presence of conspecific males, is observed in many animal species. Satellite behaviour is a remarkable example in which parasitic males exploit the reproductive investment by other males. Despite the abundance of parasitic mating tactics, however, few examples are known in which males alter courtship behaviour as a counter tactic against parasitic rivals. The fruit fly Drosophila prolongata shows prominent sexual dimorphism in the forelegs. When courting females, males of D. prolongata perform ‘leg vibration’, in which a male vibrates the female's body with his enlarged forelegs. In this study, we found that leg vibration increased female receptivity, but it also raised a risk of interception of the female by rival males. Consequently, in the presence of rivals, males of D. prolongata shifted their courtship behaviour from leg vibration to ‘rubbing’, which was less vulnerable to interference by rival males. These results demonstrated that the males of D. prolongata adjust their courtship behaviour to circumvent the social context-dependent risk of leg vibration.

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Telford, Steven R., and J. Mark Dangerfield. "Mating Tactics in the Tropical Millipede Alloporus Uncinatus (Diplopoda: Spirostreptidae)." Behaviour 124, no. 1-2 (1993): 45–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156853993x00498.

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AbstractField and laboratory observations of mating behaviour in a population of the tropical millipede Alloporus uncinatus were carried out over one breeding season. Males obtained mates through random encounters and by forming triplet associations with copula pairs. The occurrence of triplet associations in the field was coincident with a highly male biased operational sex ratio. Mate acquisition by males was apparently stochastic and direct physical competition did not occur. In laboratory experiments mating was size-selective probably as a consequence of female choice. We consider the possibility that sperm competition has contributed to the evolution of the mating system in this species.

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Nurnberg, Peter, John D. Berard, Jorg T. Epplen, and Jorg Schmidtke. "Alternative Reproductive Tactics and Reproductive Success in Male Rhesus Macaques." Behaviour 129, no. 3-4 (1994): 177–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156853994x00604.

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AbstractMale rhesus macaques on Cayo Santiago use rank-dependent alternative reproductive tactics. High-ranking males can form long-term consorts and guard female mates while low-ranking males frequently resort to quick copulations under the cover of vegetation. No single reproductive tactic provided the Group S males with a definitive reproductive advantage during the one-year study. Males using the long-term tactic and the quick, stealth tactic sired five offspring each, but fewer males used the long-term consort tactic. Males using the long-term reproductive tactic have significantly greater mating success than males using the quick, sneaky tactic, and may have greater reproductive success. The highest-ranking males who form long-term consorts had the greatest degree of reproductive success. This indicates that for the highest-ranking males, forming long-term consorts is the most effective reproductive tactic. The effectiveness of alternative tactics for high-ranking males (i.e. consort disruption and possessive following) was equivocal. Consort disruption had no immediate effect on reproductive success. Possessive following may have resulted in the siring of two offspring by the alpha male, but was ineffective in other cases, where the females were inseminated by subordinate males. The effectiveness of the quick, furtive tactic was demonstrated by the siring of 45% of the infants by males who used this tactic.

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Gress, Brian E., William T. Starmer, Maria A. Virgen, Abuchi Agu, Kossi A. Attila, Elizabeth E. Bazluke, Lindsey A. Chubb, et al. "Stepping off the pasture: evidence of widespread alternative male mating tactics in the yellow dung fly." Behaviour 153, no. 2 (2016): 143–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/1568539x-00003331.

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Geoff Parker’s investigations of the yellow dung fly mating system revitalized interest in sexual selection theory, sparked development of sperm competition and sexual conflict theories, and stimulated use of this species as an important model system. Numerous studies across widespread populations have demonstrated large-male advantages in competition contests occurring on dung in cow pastures; however, recent work suggests that smaller males adopt an alternative mating tactic by avoiding dung and instead copulating with females at foraging sites. Though this finding has the potential to expand our understanding of sexual selection in yellow dung flies, such behavior has to date been documented at only one field site, raising the possibility that this phenomenon is highly localized. Here, we report the expression of size-dependent alternative mating tactics across three discrete populations. These findings provide a cautionary tale for researchers limiting their attention to aggregation sites where study organisms are most conveniently encountered.

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Brockmann, H. Jane, and Dustin Penn. "Male mating tactics in the horseshoe crab, Limulus polyphemus." Animal Behaviour 44, no. 4 (October 1992): 653–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0003-3472(05)80293-3.

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Arlet, Małgorzata E., Freerk Molleman, and Colin A. Chapman. "Mating Tactics in Male Grey-Cheeked Mangabeys (Lophocebus albigena)." Ethology 114, no. 9 (September 2008): 851–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0310.2008.01533.x.

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Painting, Christina J., and Gregory I. Holwell. "Flexible alternative mating tactics by New Zealand giraffe weevils." Behavioral Ecology 25, no. 6 (2014): 1409–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/beheco/aru140.

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Wronski, Torsten, Martin Plath, Ralph Tiedemann, and Ann Apio. "Age-dependent mating tactics in male bushbuck (Tragelaphus scriptus)." Behaviour 144, no. 5 (2007): 585–610. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156853907780713073.

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Shapiro, Douglas Y., and Luc-Alain Giraldeau. "Mating tactics in external fertilizers when sperm is limited." Behavioral Ecology 7, no. 1 (1996): 19–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/beheco/7.1.19.

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Plaistow, S. J. "Evolution of alternative mating tactics: conditional versus mixed strategies." Behavioral Ecology 15, no. 4 (July 1, 2004): 534–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/beheco/arh029.

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Gibson, K. Nicole. "Male mating tactics in spider monkeys: sneaking to compete." American Journal of Primatology 72, no. 9 (April 20, 2010): 794–804. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ajp.20835.

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LU, AMY, JACINTA C. BEEHNER, NANCY M. CZEKALA, and CAROLA BORRIES. "Juggling Priorities: Female Mating Tactics in Phayre's Leaf Monkeys." American Journal of Primatology 74, no. 5 (February 8, 2012): 471–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ajp.22004.

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Jirotkul, M. "Male trait distribution determined alternative mating tactics in guppies." Journal of Fish Biology 56, no. 6 (June 2000): 1427–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8649.2000.tb02154.x.

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Sunobe, Tomoki, and Akinobu Nakazono. "Alternative mating tactics in the gobiid fish,Eviota prasina." Ichthyological Research 46, no. 2 (June 1999): 212–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02675442.

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Taru, Masanori, Takeshi Kanda, and Tomoki Sunobe. "Alternative mating tactics of the gobiid fish Bathygobius fuscus." Journal of Ethology 20, no. 1 (June 2002): 9–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10164-002-0047-x.

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Castellano, Sergio, Valentina Marconi, Valeria Zanollo, and Giulia Berto. "Alternative mating tactics in the Italian treefrog, Hyla intermedia." Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology 63, no. 8 (March 28, 2009): 1109–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00265-009-0756-z.

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Van Parijs, Sofie M., and Christopher W. Clark. "Long-term mating tactics in an aquatic-mating pinniped, the bearded seal, Erignathus barbatus." Animal Behaviour 72, no. 6 (December 2006): 1269–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.anbehav.2006.03.026.

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50

Meniri, Magali, Florence Gohon, Ophélie Gning, Gaétan Glauser, Armelle Vallat, Nicolas J. Fasel, and Fabrice Helfenstein. "Experimental manipulation of reproductive tactics in Seba’s short-tailed bats: consequences on sperm quality and oxidative status." Current Zoology 65, no. 6 (March 23, 2019): 609–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cz/zoz011.

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AbstractTo reproduce, males have to fertilize the female’s eggs, sometimes in competition with ejaculates of other males. In species where males display alternative reproductive tactics, whereby territorial males secure mating and non-territorial males have to sneak copulations, the latter might be expected to invest relatively more resources towards sperm quality compared with the territorial males. Sperm cells are especially vulnerable to oxidative stress, which reduces male fertility. Therefore, antioxidant resources are expected to modulate sperm quality, and might be allocated differently between reproductive tactics. To test the link between reproductive tactics, redox profile and sperm quality, we experimentally induced changes in the reproductive tactics of 39 captive males Seba’s short-tailed bats Carollia perspicillata. We monitored the blood and ejaculate oxidative balance, and the sperm quality before, 7 days and 21 days after the manipulation of reproductive tactic. Although ejaculates’ oxidative damage was negatively related to sperm velocity, males exhibited similar blood and ejaculates redox profiles and similar sperm quality, regardless of their reproductive tactic. Possibly, these results arise as a consequence of some constraints having been lifted during the experiment. Our results also suggest that, in Seba’s short-tailed bats, the expression of alternative reproductive tactics is not subjected to strong oxidative constraints. Furthermore, our results could reflect an absence of trade-off between pre- and post-copulatory traits in harem males, as they could be selected to invest both in female attraction and sperm quality, as a consequence of their inability to fully monopolize females.

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