Academic literature on the topic 'Matolina'

Book Title: Consensus as Democracy in Africa Book Author: Bernard Matolino Size: 168 x 240 mm. Pages: 240 pages. ISBN 13: 978-1-920033-31-6. Published: October 2018. Publishers: NISC (Pty) Ltd for African Humanities Program. Cover: Paperback.

The rapid growth of Maputo and Matola (neighbouring cities in Mozambique) has dramatically shifted the vulnerability profiles of these cities. Poor neighbourhoods across these two cities may now face the prospect of becoming food deserts. Scholars have defined African urban food deserts by the co-occurrence of poverty and food insecurity. This study aims to assess the assumed relationship between resource poverty and food insecurity in the African urban food desert concept and to assess the contribution of household demographics to this relationship. Using household survey data collected in 2014 across Maputo and Matola, this investigation demonstrated that inconsistent access to water, electricity, medical care, cooking fuel, and cash was associated with increased odds of severe household food insecurity across both cities. In addition, a nuclear household family structure was associated with reduced odds of severe food insecurity in both cities (even when taking limited resource access into account). These findings suggest that the severe food insecurity vulnerabilities associated with African urban food deserts may differ according to the family structure of households in Maputo and Matola.

This article analyzes the problem of absenteeism in the municipal elections in Mozambique, specifically analyzing Matola municipality in Maputo province. The central argument of this article is that the electoral absenteeism is a form of political questioning in order to demonstrate the dissatisfaction and protest of the electoral process per se. Most representative western democracies and Mozambique in particular, have experienced in recent times a higher percentage of abstention in electoral process. This phenomenon is due to the transformation of the way of understanding political participation through voting, which denotes the lack of political culture of elections. Therefore, it is concluded that in order to minimize the absenteeism in Matola municipality it is necessary to create a favorable institutional environment, where the citizens will feel the effect of their vote that guarantees them the exercise of citizenship.

Landfill site selection is problematic in many countries, especially developing nations where there is rapid population growth, which leads to high levels of inadequate waste disposal. To find sustainable landfill sites in sprawling cities, this study presents an approach that combines geographic information system (GIS) with multi-criteria (social, environmental and, technical criteria) and the population growth projection. The greater Maputo area in Mozambique was selected as a representative city for the study, which is undergoing rapid urbanization. Six criteria, i.e., land use, transport networks, hydrology, conservation reserve, geology and slope, were considered and overlaid in the GIS using an analytic hierarchy process (AHP). The arithmetic projection of the population trend suggests that the greater Maputo area is experiencing a rapid and uncontrolled population growth, especially in Matola city. These pronounced changes in population then significantly change the landfill placement decision making. Dynamic and static scenarios were created, based on the analysis of multi-criteria and the areas likely to undergo future increased population growth. A comparative evaluation in a scenario of dynamic behavior considering future population showed that suitable areas for landfill sites have been drastically modified due to social and environmental factors affected by population distribution in some regions. The results indicate that some suitable areas can generate land use conflicts due to population growth with unplanned land use expansion. Finally, the western part of Matola city is recognized as the most recommendable landfill site, which can serve both Maputo and Matola city with affordable costs. This study provides an effective landfill placement decision making approach, which is possible to be applied anywhere, especially in developing countries to improve sustainable municipal solid waste management systems.

Este artigo reconstrói e analisa as principais reações sociais em relação aos casos de sequestros, que foram sistematicamente registados nas principais cidades do país, especialmente nas cidades de Maputo e Matola entre os anos de 2011 e 2013. É uma experiência única observada em o país, que tinha duas dimensões. Primeiro, não há registros históricos conhecidos da ocorrência desse tipo de crime na mesma proporção observada entre os anos mencionados acima. Em segundo lugar, as reações sociais produzidas na mídia, na sociedade civil e no sistema de justiça criminal contra o fenômeno não são comuns no país, uma vez que qualquer tipo de crime gerou uma enorme sensibilidade que gerou reações de igual tamanho.

Seeds of 41 white and 22 blue vine varieties cultivated on six vine-growing areas were assessed as a by-product after winemaking on the contents of total polyphenols (TP) and phosphorus (P) spectrophotometrically, total tocols (TC) including individual tocols by HPLC-FLD, and metals (Ca, Mg, Na, K, Fe, Zn, Cu, and Mn) by FAAS. Remaining TP and TC levels were mainly affected by the variety, while levels of microelements (Cu, Mn, and Zn) and P or K by the vine-growing area. The highest TC and TP levels were found in the seeds of white varieties. Varieties of grape seeds have significant impact on the gamma-tocotrienol content. The color of grape varieties has significant impact on alpha-tocotrienol content. Grape seeds from grape cultivated on the Czech growing area contained higher levels of macroelements except P, however no significant differences between growing areas have been found. The crop year has significant influence on TP, Fe and Cu content. Results herein revealed the considerable potential of grape seeds, a by-product of the vinification process, as a valuable inexpensive source of high added value of nutritionally beneficial compounds - polyphenol and tocol antioxidants and macro- and microelements for use as feed additives in animal nutrition.

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The expansion of the urban area in the city of Matola in Mozambique has been significant in recent decades and it has happened in an unstructured way. This occupation contributes to the destruction of both the ecological and environmental structure of the city. One of the strategies to minimize these effects is to consider the legislation, concerning the urban land use and the preservation / conservation of vegetation, as well as the preparation of the Environmental Zoning. The main objective was, to propose an Environmental Zoning based on the analysis of urban sprawl and its impact on the environment, the distribution of vegetation over a period of 17 years (1997-2014) and the legislation to contribute with elements that inform and enable the development of urban and environmental planning in the municipality of Matola. Three satellite images from TM / Landsat 5 and OLI / Landsat 8 orbital sensor, SRTM data, population data and digital database of the city/country were utilized as input data. It was employed visual interpretation, images segmentations digital classification and geoprocessing technics. Results, indicated that urban area increased about 180.964m2, corresponding to 254.91% between 1997 and 2014. The area of vegetation cover reduced to 118.74m2 (52.62%) in 17 years. The Vegetation Cover Index (VCI) for total mapped area, reduced from, 61.25% in 1997, to 39.65% in 2007 and 29.02% in 2014. However, the detailed study of the VCI to different neighborhoods of Matola, showed a very uneven spatial distribution. The Environmental Zoning proposed, was made by integrating several information?s plans (thematic maps) and features five zones, namely: (i) Total Conservation Zone; (ii) Sustainable Use Conservation Zone; (iii) Expansion Urban Zone; (iv) Environmental Control Zone and (v) Recovery Zone. Has also proposed the creation of three protected areas located in the Total Conservation Zone: (i) Integral Natural Reserve, (ii) Natural Monument and (iii) Permanent Protection Green Area. This research will be important to municipal management and will serve as a basis for preparing the next general and partial urbanization plans and Matola Master Plan 2019/2020, achieving the objectives of the Environmental Strategy for Sustainable Development of Mozambique (2007 - 2017) and the objectives of Agenda 2030 of the UN.
A expans?o da macha urbana no Munic?pio da Matola em Mo?ambique tem sido significante nas ?ltimas d?cadas e ? feita de forma n?o estruturada. Esta forma de ocupa??o do espa?o contribui para a destrui??o da sua estrutura ecol?gica e ambiental. Uma das estrat?gias para minimizar esses efeitos ? levar em considera??o a legisla??o, concernente ? ocupa??o do solo urbano e ? preserva??o/conserva??o da cobertura vegetal, assim como a elabora??o do Zoneamento Ambiental. A pesquisa tem como objetivo elaborar uma proposta de Zoneamento Ambiental a partir da an?lise da expans?o urbana, da distribui??o da cobertura vegetal em um per?odo de 17 anos (1997 - 2014) e da legisla??o, de forma a contribuir com elementos que informem ou possibilitem a elabora??o dos planejamentos urbano e ambiental do Munic?pio da Matola. Foram usadas tr?s imagens dos sensores orbitais TM/Landsat 5 e OLI/Landsat 8, dados SRTM, dados populacionais e a base de dados cartogr?fica digital do Munic?pio/Pa?s. Empregaram-se t?cnicas de interpreta??o visual, de segmenta??o, de classifica??o de imagens e de geoprocessamento. Dos resultados, a ?rea urbana aumentou cerca de 180,964m2, o que corresponde a 254,91% em rela??o ao ano de 1997. A ?rea da cobertura vegetal reduziu 118,74m2 (52,62%) em 17 anos. Verificou-se redu??o do ?ndice de Cobertura Vegetal (ICV) da totalidade na ?rea mapeada ao longo do tempo, sendo 61,25% em 1997, 39,65% em 2007 e 29,02% em 2014. No entanto, o estudo detalhado do ICV tendo como recorte espacial os bairros, mostrou distribui??o espacial bastante desigual. O Zoneamento Ambiental proposto, foi elaborado a partir da integra??o de diferentes planos de informa??o (mapas tem?ticos) e apresenta cinco zonas: (i) Zona de Conserva??o Total; (ii) Zona de Conserva??o de Uso Sustent?vel; (iii) Zona de Expans?o Urbana; (iv) Zona de Controle Ambiental e (v) Zona de Recupera??o. Foi tamb?m proposto a cria??o de tr?s Unidades de Conserva??o localizadas na Zona de Conserva??o Total: (i) Reserva Natural Integral, (ii) Monumento Natural e (iii) ?rea Verde de Prote??o Permanente. O trabalho ser? de grande valia para a gest?o municipal e servir? de base para, a elabora??o dos pr?ximos planos gerais e parciais de urbaniza??o e o Plano de Estrutura Urbana da Cidade da Matola de 2019/2020, alcan?ar os objetivos da Estrat?gia Ambiental para o Desenvolvimento Sustent?vel de Mo?ambique (2007 - 2017) e os objetivos da Agenda 2030 da ONU.

Mestrado em Desenvolvimento e Cooperação Internacional
O surgimento de novos actores, para além dos Estados, contribuiu para uma adaptação e consequente evolução no panorama da cooperação para o desenvolvimento. Neste âmbito, a cooperação intermunicipal, uma tipologia de cooperação descentralizada, corresponde ao estabelecimento de relações entre duas ou mais comunidades, tendo como principais actores os Municípios ou seus equivalentes, de acordo com o sistema de organização administrativo dos países, podendo assumir várias formas, a saber: geminações, protocolos, acordos de cooperação e redes. Num país como Moçambique, um dos mais pobres do mundo, o Município da Matola, onde está concentrado o maior parque industrial do país, é considerado um laboratório para aferir o grau de sucesso, quer da própria experiência de descentralização em Moçambique, quer das possibilidades que os projectos de cooperação intermunicipal encerram, nomeadamente com o Município de Loures (Portugal). À procura de soluções locais, integradas e sustentáveis, de desenvolvimento, fruto da emergência da própria sociedade civil moçambicana e da consequente proliferação de ONG nacionais e estrangeiras, e de uma dinâmica crescente que cruza diferentes sectores da população, pretende-se associar o reforço dos laços entre os municípios como um factor de sucesso, em termos de sustentabilidade dos projectos de desenvolvimento, numa abordagem bottom-up, em virtude de uma maior participação das comunidades e da integração de diferentes entidades na concepção, implementação e avaliação dos mesmos.
The emergence of new actors, besides states, has contributed to an adaptation, and consequent evolution on development cooperation. In this sense, inter-municipal cooperation, a form of decentralised cooperation, entails the establishment of relations between two or more communities where the main actors are the Municipal Councils or their equivalent, in accordance with the organisational system of the involved countries. This cooperation can take on the forms of twinning, protocols, cooperation agreements, and networks. In a country like Mozambique, one of the poorest in the world, the Community of Matola, where it is concentrated the most important industrial centre in the country, is considered a laboratory to assess the success level, on the decentralisation process experience in Mozambique, and on the possibilities of inter-municipal cooperation projects, above all with the Community of Loures (Portugal). Joining the look for local, integrated and sustainable solutions of development, as a result of the emergence of the Mozambican civil society, and consequently of the proliferation of national and foreigner NGOs, and of a dynamic which cuts different sectors of the population; there's the enforcement of the links between the local communities as a factor of success, in terms of sustainability of the development projects, in a bottom-up approach, because of the larger participation of communities and the integration of different entities in mutually conception, implementation, and evaluation of the projects.

O presente trabalho tem como propósito levantar as principais barreiras enfrentadas pelas micro e pequenas empresas (MPEs) na Cidade da Matola. Para tanto, fez-se uma fundamentação teórica sobre as barreiras enfrentadas pelas MPEs e sobre políticas e instrumentos governamentais de apoio às empresas deste porte. A fundamentação teórica apoiou o desenvolvimento de uma triangulação da pesquisa empírica baseada em duas fases. A primeira fase consistiu na coleta de dados junto a 21 empresas de micro e pequeno porte, por meio de entrevistas onde posteriormente fez-se a identificação das principais barreiras enfrentadas pelos entrevistados e daí conduziu a segunda fase do trabalho de campo que foi as entrevistas junto as entidades governamentais de modo a saber o que estes tem feito para minimizar ou mitigar as barreiras identificadas pelos empresários. Os resultados mostram que as barreiras de financiamento e de concorrência são as principais barreiras enfrentadas pelas MPEs na Matola e que estas variam de acordo com o ramo de atuação das empresas. A dissertação vai servir para enriquecer o estado da arte sobre a temática das micro e pequenas empresas e sobretudo vai ajudar a suprir o déficit de pesquisas acadêmicas em Moçambique.
This paper aims to identify the main barriers faced by micro and small enterprises (MSEs) in the city of Matola. As such, there is a theoretical framework about the barriers faced by MSEs and on government policies and instruments to support enterprises of this size. The theoretical foundation supported the development of a triangulation of empirical research based on two phases. The first phase consisted of collecting data from 21 micro and small businesses, through interviews where later became the identification of the main barriers faced by the interviewees and then led the second phase of fieldwork was that the interviews with government entities in order to know what they have done to minimize or mitigate the barriers identified by entrepreneurs. The results show that the barriers to financing and competition are the main barriers faced by MSEs in Matola and that barriers vary according to branch of activity of enterprises. The paper will serve to enrich the state of the art on the theme of micro and small enterprises and especially will help meet the shortage of academic research in Mozambique.

This thesis was focused on the possibility of secondary utilization of waste material from the wine industry to remove heavy metals from wastewater. In the theoretical part, there were discussed mainly the problems of heavy metals pollution including methods of their removal and ICP-OES detection. Furthermore, the waste material from the wine production and the possibilities of its further processing were discussed there. The primary objective of the experimental part was to characterize the material by IR analysis, optimization of adsorption conditions, isotherms construction and determination of maximum adsorption capacities of white, red and chemically modified marc for Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni and Pb. From the parameters influencing the adsorption efficiency, the adsorbent load was optimized (m/V ratio = 0,02); pH values found were 5 for Cd, Cu, Ni, Pb and 3 for Cr and the contact time to reach the equilibrium was 15 minutes for Cd, Ni, Pb and 30 minutes for Cr and Cu. Maximum adsorption capacity for heavy metals were calculated from adsorption isotherms by applying the Langmuir model and found to be 18,829 7 mg/g for Cd; 10,664 7 mg/g for Ni; 35,602 0 mg/g for Pb (modified marc with 1M NaOH); 4,678 4 mg/g for Cu and 9,629 0 mg/g for Cr. The results of the work confirm the good adsorption potential of heavy metals on marc and the positive effect of chemical modification of natural biosorbents to improve their adsorption capacity.

La tesis doctoral: “Los secretos de la casa”. Aproximación etnográfica y antropológica a la escuela secundaria en el contexto sociocultural de la comunidad de Muti (Matola, Mozambique) se trata de una etnografía escolar desde una perspectiva socioantropológica en la escuela de educación secundaria pública de Muti en la ciudad de Matola, Mozambique. En la investigación se ha llevado a cabo un trabajo de campo etnográfico tanto en la escuela como en la comunidad y el barrio donde se inscribe, de acuerdo con los parámetros que John Ogbu y Elsie Rockwell establecen para una aproximación etnográfica a nivel múltiple. Este acercamiento ha permitido contemplar las relaciones entre lo que acontece en las aulas y el recinto escolar con lo que tiene lugar en los núcleos familiares y en la vida social, económica y política de su entorno. El trabajo de campo se ha desarrollado durante más de dos años, entre mayo de 2012 y julio de 2014, y a través de una inmersión en la escuela secundaria de Muti, realizando observación participante y entrevistas en profundidad, tanto a los miembros de la comunidad educativa –directivos, profesorado, funcionariado, alumnado y familias- como a vecinos, vecinas y miembros de instituciones públicas y privadas relacionadas con la educación. La investigación enfatiza en la comprensión del significado de la escolarización secundaria y de procesos como la obtención de plaza o la evaluación de fin de curso, entre otros, para dar cuenta del protagonismo de los agentes en como sujetos históricos y culturales dentro de la escuela. Descifra algunas de las continuidades culturales vigentes y cotidianas que se establecen entre los referentes culturales de la comunidad de Muti y los referentes del funcionamiento de la institución escolar. Profundiza en los criterios y los modos en que se organiza la vida escolar, en la planificación docente y el funcionamiento de las rutinas cotidianas y de las clases; en los estilos de comunicación y los modelos de relación jerarquizados que se dan en ella. Pone de manifiesto la variedad interna entre el profesorado, las presiones a las que está sometido y las contradicciones con las que se experimenta, se describe y se explica la costumbre escolar. La tesis doctoral incorpora en la explicación del fenómeno el impacto que los distintos periodos históricos de Mozambique, incluidos el largo periodo de colonización, los periodos de guerra, de revolución, e independencia han tenido en el diseño de las políticas educativas del país, indisolublemente relacionadas con dinámicas económicas y sociales del entorno. Este análisis pone de manifiesto la gran capacidad de adaptación del conjunto de la comunidad a estas diferentes etapas y a la situación de arbitrariedad y vulnerabilidad en la que se halla inmersa y que se expresa, en el contexto escolar, en las estrategias de alumnado, familias, docentes y directivos, para sobrevivir en ella y a ella. Consigue un acercamiento comprensivo a modelos de relación abusivos en la escuela y plantea la necesidad de seguir investigando en ello para comprender mejor y ostentar mayor conciencia a la hora de diseñar, planificar o plantear cualquier tipo de intervención educativa desde fuera. De este modo, la perspectiva histórica y sociocultural y el trabajo de campo intensivo orientado hacia la interpretación cultural, arrojan luz sobre la situación de la escolarización secundaria actual, permiten comprenderla en profundidad y, a través de ella, acceder a un universo de prácticas y significados socioculturales que no emergen fácilmente porque forman parte de esas dimensiones ocultas, exclusivamente humanas, ante las que solo cabe un acercamiento desde una posición orientada a la comprensión profunda de lo que sucede en los entornos culturales.
This PhD Thesis “The secrets of the house”. An Ethnografic and Anthropological Approach to Secondary School in the Sociocultural Context of Muti (Matola, Mozambique)” is a school ethnography approached from the socioanthropological perspective in Muti’s public secondary school in Matola, Mozambique. In order to proceed with this research an ethnographic fieldwork analysis has been realized both in the school and in the community as well as in the surrounding neighbourhood, following Ogbu’s and Elsie Rockwell’s parameters established in order to deal with a multi-level ethnographic research. This approach allowed considering the relations between what happens within the school rooms and the school facilities with what happens within the family nucleus and the social life, the economy and the politics of the area. This fieldwork took place during a two-year period, between May 2012 and July 2014, through an immersion in Muti’s secondary school, by means of a participant observation methodology and in-depth interviews, both to members of the educational community –managers, teachers, public servants, students and families- and neighbours or other members of public and private institutions related to the field of education. This research emphasizes the need to understand the meaning of entering secondary school and those processes such as obtaining a vacancy or dealing with the final evaluation of the course, amongst others, so to show the prominence of the agents as historical and cultural subjects within the school. This research deciphers some of the current and daily cultural continuities between the cultural referents of the Muti community and the functioning models of the school institution. It delves into the criteria and the school organizational patterns, the teacher’s planning and the functioning of the daily routines and the courses, and in the communication styles and the hierarchical relationship models that occur in it. Reveals the internal diversity amongst the teaching staff, the pressures upon which it is subject and the contradictions which experiences. Describes and explains as well the school habits. This PhD research takes into account the impact of the different historical periods in Mozambique, including the long period of colonization, the periods of war, revolutionary and independence periods and has taken into account as well the design of the country’s education laws, intrinsically related to the economic and socials dynamics of this environment. This analysis shows the great capacity of adaptation of the whole community during these stages and the situation of arbitrariness and vulnerability in which it is immersed and is expressed, in the school context, in terms of the strategies of students, families, teachers, managers and directors, in order to survive in it and to it. Presents a comprehensive approach towards models of relationship abuse within the school and lays out the need of continuing researching upon this subject to better comprehend and provide more awareness when designing, planning or proposing any further type of educative intervention from the outside. Thus, the historical and sociocultural perspective and the intensive fieldwork oriented towards the cultural interpretation, clarifies the current situation within secondary education. This allows an in-depth comprehension, and thus, a better access of a universe of sociocultural practices and meanings that don’t emerge easily because they belong to the exclusively human and yet hidden dimensions, where only an approach oriented towards a deep comprehension of these aspects that happen in the cultural environments, can disclose these issues.

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The purpose of this study is to analyse the teacher training process of trainees that are at same time working as teachers at Instituto do Magistério Primário da Matola in Mozambique and contribute to the development of creative and reflective attitudes for better teaching practices. The object of the research is the development of creative and reflective posture of the trainees that are working as teachers in Mozambique While developing creative postures during the training of these professionals, it is on the belief that they will conditions to apply them in their future practice and consequently create and develop creative reflective attitudes in their students. The study is a proposal of qualitative and descriptive research including what is known as case study. It s an exploratory research for the fact tat its main purpose is to develop, clarify and modify concepts and ideas for formulation of better approaches for the development of subsequent activities. For that reason the exploratory research represents the first stage of study in order to familiarize the researcher with the subject to be studied. The results of the research show that the creativity and refle ctivity are not present in the Teaching and Learning process as it can be seen from the les sons observed at IMAP as well as at Escola Primária do Jardim, specifically regarding the trainers and trainees observed. The connection between theory and practice occurs the without the awareness of real relationship between these two aspects If the teachers training programs include reflection to action, this relation will develop a creative and reflective teacher
Este trabalho tem como objectivo analisar o processo de formação de professores em exercício do Instituto de Magistério Primário da Matola e contribuir para que se desenvolva uma postura criativa e reflexiva desses formandos e uma consequente melhoria da qualidade do ensino. O objecto desta pesquisa é o desenvolvimento da postura criativa e reflexiva por parte dos formandos que, ao mesmo tempo, são professores em exercício em Moçambique. Ao se desenvolverem posturas criativas durante a formação desses profissionais, parte-se do princípio que terão nas suas práticas futuras condições de as aplicarem e, consequentemente, despertarem e desenvolverem nos seus alunos atitudes criativas e reflexivas. Trata-se de uma proposta de pesquisa qualitativa, descritiva, incluindo o que é denominado de estudo de caso. A pesquisa é do tipo exploratória, pelo facto de ter como principal finalidade desenvolver, esclarecer e modificar conceitos e ideias para a formulação de abordagens mais condizentes com o desenvolvimento de actividades posteriores. Por esta razão, a pesquisa exploratória constitui a primeira etapa do presente estudo para familiarizar o pesquisador com o assunto que se procura investigar. Os resultados da pesquisa revelam que a criatividade e a reflexividade não fazem parte do Processo de Ensino e Aprendizagem, como se pôde observar nas aulas assistidas tanto no IMAP como na Escola Primária do Jardim, especificamente em relação aos formadores e formandos assistidos. A relação teoria e prática é feita sem que os intervenientes tenham consciência plena da verdadeira interligação entre estes dois aspectos. Se a formação de professores em exercício aliar a reflexão à acção, essa relação tenderá a desenvolver um professor criativo e reflexivo no exercício das suas actividades profissionais

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A violência tem sido inequivocamente um fenômeno que afeta muitas cidades brasileiras. Em Moçambique, as cidades de Maputo e Matola têm experimentado também várias formas de manifestação da violência. É neste contexto que em 2011 emergem os sequestros, como uma “nova” manifestação da violência urbana. Uma das características principais era a captura de cidadãos de nacionalidade moçambicana ou não e de origem asiática ligados ao setor empresaria ou comercial. Os sequestro tinham apenas por objetivo, a obtenção de vantagens de natureza econômica com o pagamento dos resgates. O fenômeno atingido o seu pico, em termos de ocorrência sistemática em 2013. Não ocasião, várias reações sociais e institucionais, excetuando a acadêmica foram observadas um pouco pelo país. Daí que o presente estudo é uma das primeiras contribuições de natureza acadêmica sobre o fenômeno. O objetivo da dissertação é analisar e compreender as dinâmicas sociais desse fenômeno e os possíveis determinantes da sua ocorrência sistemática nas duas cidades. Para o efeito, foi adotada uma abordagem qualitativa, com recurso a entrevistas às vítimas e/ou seus familiares e profissionais da polícia investigativa que lidam com fenômeno no seu cotidiano e, pesquisa documental, baseada em documentos institucionais e informações midiáticas. De uma maneira geral, os resultados demostram que o silêncio tanto das vítimas e/ou seus familiares, quanto do poder pública foi evidente nesse período e, uma vez que essa prática criminal em Moçambique é altamente “lucrativa”, os praticantes continuaram se dedicando de forma engajada. Por outro, houve atração de outros criminosos que se dedicavam em outras práticas criminais, como por exemplo, roubos com recurso à arma de fogo. Violence is clearly a phenomenon that affects many Brazilian cities. In Mozambique, the cities of Maputo and Matola also have been experiencing many manifestation ways of violence. It is in this context that in 2011 emerged kidnappings, as a "new" manifestation of urban violence. One of the key features was the capture of citizens from Mozambican nationality or not and from Asian origin linked to business or commercial sector. The objectives of those kidnappings were only to obtain economic advantages through the payment of the ransoms. The phenomenon reached its peak in terms of systematic occurrence in 2013. This period has observed many social and institutional reactions at a little over the country, except the academic. Hence, this study is one of the first academic contributions. The main objective of this work is to analyze and understand the social dynamics of this phenomenon and the possible determinants of the systematic occurrence in both cities. To achieve this purpose, was adopted a qualitative approach, based in interviews with the victims and/or their families and investigative police professionals who daily deal with phenomena and, documentary research based on institutional documents and media information. In general, the results demonstrated that the silence of both the victims and/or their families, and the public power was evident during this period and, as this criminal practice in Mozambique is highly "profitable", their practitioners continued engaged on it. On the other hand, it attracted other criminals who were acting in other criminal practice, such as, robbery with a gun use.

The matter of sustainable thinking today permeates the Western world and is now widely agreed to recognize three aspects; environmental, economic and social sustainability. Due to limitations of resources and knowledge, this concept is considerably less widespread in developing countries. Many sustainable ventures in developing countries aim to unite the three aspects and solve the pressing issue of unsustainable development, but evaluating these projects has proven to be a challenging task and tools for systematic analysis are missing. Furthermore, current frameworks lack in guidance on what tools to use for the assessment of the three sustainability aspects. This research aims to investigate how established models can be applied and what obstacles that occur when evaluating a sustainable venture in a developing country. To do this, a case study is performed on Zanzibar, Tanzania where the Swedish waste management company Zanrec is considering pursuing a sustainable venture of starting up a biodiesel production from used cooking oil. This research therefore also provides Zanrec with an evaluation of the project’s alignment with the sustainability concept. To reach the purpose of this study, two established models for evaluation are chosen; LCA for the environmental aspect and the payback method as capital budgeting tool for the economic aspect. No established evaluation tool is used for the social aspect; instead the social implications of the project are analyzed in a discussion. It is found that the applicability of the chosen tools for evaluating the biodiesel production project is highly affected by the contextual setting of a developing country. The major finding is that these tools have varying flexibility in adapting to the main challenge, which is the lack of documentation and available data. LCA is found to be a complicated and rigid tool to use if fully abiding by its associated ISO standards. Without an existing LCA knowledge base and any guidelines on how to manage missing data, the LCA tool is deemed to not reach its full potential in a developing country at this stage. The payback method is proven to be a more flexible tool that to a higher degree can be adapted to fit the setting and the requirements of the commissioner. The project’s impact areas related to the social aspect are found to be few, but to evaluate the extent of these, further research is required.
Hållbart företagande genomsyrar idag västvärlden och det är nu allmänt vedertaget att konceptet täcker in tre aspekter; miljömässig, ekonomisk och social hållbarhet. På grund av begränsningar i resurser och kunskap är hållbarhetskonceptet långt ifrån lika utbrett i utvecklingsländer. Hållbarhetsprojekt i utvecklingsländer syftar till att förena de tre aspekterna och lösa den rådande frågan om ohållbar utveckling, men det har visat sig vara en utmaning att utvärdera dessa projekt och det saknas verktyg för systematisk analys. Vidare saknar existerande modeller riktlinjer om vilka verktyg som bör användas i utvärderingen av de tre hållbarhetsaspekterna. Studien syftar till att undersöka hur etablerade utvärderingsverktyg kan tillämpas för att utvärdera ett hållbarhetsprojekt i ett utvecklingsland samt vilka hinder som detta innefattar. En fallstudie har därför utförts på Zanzibar i Tanzania, där det svenska  avfallshanteringsföretaget Zanrec överväger att genomföra ett hållbarhetsprojekt som ämnar att upprätta produktion av biodiesel från använd matolja. Därigenom syftar denna undersökning även till att förse Zanrec med en utvärdering av projektet med avseende på de de tre hållbarhetsaspekterna. I denna studie används två etablerade modeller; LCA för miljöaspekten och payback-metoden som investeringskalkylsmodell för den ekonomiska aspekten. Inget etablerat utvärderingsverktyg används för den sociala aspekten vars påverkan av projektet istället analyseras i en diskussion. Det har visat sig att tillämpbarheten av de valda verktygen för utvärdering av  biodieselprojektet i hög grad påverkas av de kontextuella förutsättningarna i ett utvecklingsland. Den viktigaste slutsatsen är att dessa verktyg har varierande flexibilitet i att anpassa sig till bristen på dokumentation och tillgänglig data, vilket är den största svårigheten. LCA har bedömts vara ett komplicerat verktyg med fasta ramar vid användning i enlighet med dess ISO-standarder. Utan en befintlig kunskapsbas kring LCA och riktlinjer för hur man ska hantera avsaknad av data, anses LCA-verktyget i dagsläget inte nå sin fulla potential i ett utvecklingsland. Paybackmetoden har visat sig vara ett mer flexibelt verktyg som i högre grad kan anpassas efter rådande förutsättningar och kraven hos uppdragsgivaren. Endast ett fåtal inverkansområden med anknytning till den sociala aspekten har identifierats som påverkade av detta projekt, men för att utvärdera omfattningen av dess påverkan behövs vidare studier.

Os vírus influenza A (VIA) e circovírus suíno tipo 2 (PCV2) são os agentes etiológicos da influenza suína (IS) e da circovirose suína (CS), respectivamente. Estas doenças têm um impacto econômico significativo na suinocultura mundial. Adicionalmente, o VIA pode ser transmitido entre animais e humanos, sendo por isso, importante para a saúde pública. O presente trabalho teve o objetivo de pesquisar a ocorrência desses vírus em suínos de abate no sul de Moçambique. As amostras foram coletadas em um abatedouro na cidade da Matola, nos períodos de dezembro de 2014 a fevereiro de 2015 e dezembro de 2015 a fevereiro de 2016. Os materiais e métodos aplicados e resultados obtidos estão apresentados em dois artigos científicos. O primeiro relata a infecção pelo VIA associada à caracterização anatomopatológica e imuno-histoquímica (IHQ) das lesões pulmonares. Foram avaliados 457 pulmões de suínos, e amostras de 38 (8.3%) pulmões, que apresentaram áreas de consolidação, foram coletadas e submetidas ao exame histopatológico e IHQ para a detecção de antígenos do VIA, PCV2 e Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae. Antígenos do VIA foram detectados em 32/38 (84.3%) dos pulmões com pneumonia através da IHQ, e os suínos positivos eram provenientes dos distritos de Matutuine (5/32), Moamba (2/32), Namaacha (21/32), Boane (3/32) e Cidade da Matola (1/32). Todos os pulmões com pneumonia foram negativos no exame de IHQ para PCV2 e M. hyopneumoniae. O segundo artigo teve o objetivo de detectar lesões histológicas, antígenos e DNA de PCV2 em linfonodos mesentéricos de suínos e realizar a caracterização filogenética de isolados de PCV2 circulantes no sul de Moçambique. Foram coletados aleatoriamente 111 linfonodos mesentéricos de suínos de abate provenientes de nove distritos do sul de Moçambique. As amostras foram submetidas ao exame histopatológico, IHQ e reação em cadeia da polimerase (PCR). Uma amostra positiva para PCV2 na PCR de cada distrito (n=9) foi selecionada aleatoriamente e submetida ao sequenciamento da região aberta de leitura ORF2. DNA de PCV2 foi detectado em 53.8% (62/111) das amostras e em 73.8% de granjas dos nove distritos. No exame de IHQ, linfonodos mesentéricos de seis suínos positivos para PCV2 na PCR apresentaram antígenos desse vírus associados à depleção linfoide e infiltrado de histiócitos e células gigantes multinucleadas. Na análise filogenética, sequências dos isolados dos distritos de Namaacha, Moamba e Maputo ficaram agrupadas no genótipo PCV2d-2; as sequências de isolados dos distritos de Manhiça e Matola, no genótipo PCV2d-1; enquanto os isolados dos distritos de Boane, Matutuine, Chibuto e Xai-Xai, no genótipo PCV2b-1A/B. Os resultados do trabalho permitem concluir que o VIA e PCV2 circulam na população suína em vários distritos da região sul de Moçambique.
Influenza A virus (IAV) and porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) are the etiological agents of swine influenza (SI) and porcine circovirus associated diseases (PCVAD) respectively. These diseases represent a significant economic impact on pig production worldwide. In addition, IAV can be transmitted between animals and humans with consequences for public health. The objective of this study was to investigate the occurrence of these viruses in slaughter pigs in Southern Mozambique. Samples were collected in a slaughterhouse in Matola city, from December 2014 to February 2015 and December 2015 to February 2016. The materials and methods applied and the results obtained are presented in two manuscripts. The first article reports IAV infection in pigs and characterize the anatomopathological and immunohistochemical features of the associated lung lesions. Lungs from 457 slaughtered pigs were evaluated grossly, and samples from 38 (8.3%) of these that presented pulmonary consolidation were collected and examined for histopathology and immunohistochemistry (IHC) for the presence of IAV, PCV2 and Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae antigens. IAV antigens were detected in 32/38 (84.3%) of pneumonic lungs, and positive pigs were from Matutuine district (5/32), Moamba district (2/32), Namaacha district (21/32), Boane district (3/32) and Matola City (1/32). All lung samples were immunohistochemically negative for PCV2 and M. hyopneumoniae. The second article aimed to detect histological lesions, PCV2 antigens and DNA and perform phylogenetic analysis of PCV2 strains circulating in Southern Mozambique. At slaughter, mesenteric lymph nodes were collected from 111 randomly selected pigs from nine districts of Southern Mozambique. Samples were submitted to histopathological examination, IHC and polymerase chain reaction (PCR). One PCV2 PCR positive sample from each district (n=9) was randomly selected in order to obtain sequences covering the ORF2 region. PCV2 DNA was detected in 53.8% (62/111) of the samples and 73.8% of the farms from all nine districts. PCV2 antigen was detected by IHC in six lymph nodes that were positive for PCV2 by PCR and antigens were associated with lymphoid depletion and infiltrate of histiocytes and multinucleated giant cells. Phylogenetic analysis demonstrated that three sequences from Maputo, Namaacha and Moamba were grouped with PCV2d-2, two sequences from Manhiça and Matola were grouped as PCV2d-1, and four sequences from Boane, Matutuine, Chibuto, and Xai-Xai were closely related to PCV2b-1A/B genotypes. The results of this study indicate that IAV and PCV2 circulate in the swine population in several districts of the southern region of Mozambique.

AbstractThe Capacity Development Programme (CDP) is an agreement between the Government of Mozambique and the Nordic Development Fund, to tackle climate variability by planning and the sustainable operations and maintenance of sanitation and drainage infrastructure. The Mozambican Administration of Water and Sanitation Infrastructure (AIAS) is the agency responsible for this project. The international consortium in charge of developing the CDP provided consultancy services to AIAS and the vulnerable cities of Beira and Matola. The assignment included not only capacity building but also institutional strengthening activities, as well as specific studies, mainly based on climate modelling (dynamic downscaling) and mapping exercises. Important results and conclusions were achieved, and further adaptation strategies to increase the resilience of the Mozambican urban water, sanitation, and drainage sector were proposed.

Mozambique is situated on the southeast of the African continent bordering the Indian Ocean, directly west of the island of Madagascar. It covers an area of 801,590 square kilometres (km), with a coastline of 2,500 km fronting the Mozambique channel which separates mainland Africa from the island of Madagascar. It shares borders with Tanzania, Malawi, Zambia, Zimbabwe, South Africa, and Eswatini. The population of the country is estimated at 29.67 million (2017), with the majority living in the rural areas with only less than 5 million collectively living in the sixteen largest cities in the country. The capital and largest city is Maputo, the administrative, commercial, and communications centre of the country. It is home to Maputo Port, the largest port in the country and an important gateway to South Africa and neighbouring countries. Matola is the largest suburb of the Maputo City with a population of 893,000 and it is an important port for importing minerals from South Africa and Eswatini. Nampula is the largest city in the northern region and the most modern city of the country. It has a small airport connecting to Nairobi in Kenya and Johannesburg in South Africa. Beira is an important city as

The aim of this article is to analyze African urbanization, looking specifically at the transformations of Mozambican urban peripheries. To do so, conduct a qualitative research of an exploratory nature, using bibliographic, documentary and photographic survey. The most interesting discoveries of this study started in the 1990s, a period marked by the end of “socialism”, civil war, centrally planned economy, which verified the opening of parents in the current Western capitalist world in the growth of foreign investments and financial transactions. Under the effect of market liberalization. At this moment, everything that is traded and the exchange value overlaps the use value and appropriation of space in exchange for money. In this context, as the peripheral urban cities are transformed into multiplying duplexes, elegant houses those call houses, true “Mozambican palaces” and closed condoms. The establishment of these houses will transform these spaces and gradually expel the low-income population that has existed for a long time, to places very far from the central area, this phenomenon is called gentrification. He concluded that the transformation of Mozambican urban peripheries is influenced by the increase in real estate capital, increase in individual income, ease of acquisition of space and construction material (provided by the expansion of the installation for the exhibition that makes it possible or cheaper). This research is important because it makes an important contribution to the empirical studies on the new neoliberal urbanism that is taking place in Mozambican cities. The limits of this research are due to the lack of funding to carry out a systematic survey of new ventures that will emerge in cities and places far from the center of large cities, such as: Maputo, Beira, Nampula and Matola. It is intended in the future study to demonstrate how to change the socioeconomic structure of the residents of the Mozambican peripheries, characterizing gentrification.