Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Matrimonial property regimes'

Le droit français connaît deux types de subrogations : la subrogation personnelle et la subrogation réelle. Bien qu’elle ait été l’objet d’importants travaux, la subrogation réelle reste bien moins connue que la subrogation personnelle. Le droit patrimonial de la famille constitue son domaine de prédilection. Elle est en effet prévue par de nombreux textes spéciaux du Code civil dans diverses institutions du droit patrimonial de la famille, et admise par la jurisprudence extensive de la Cour de cassation. Elle n’a cependant pas fait l’objet d’une théorie générale en raison de l'extrême diversité de ses applications ainsi que des limites imposées sous sa conception classique issue du droit romain. Or, la théorie de valeur d’affectation, apparue à la fin du XIXème siècle, a élargi son champ d’application et l’a ainsi libérée du cadre étroit fixé par le Code civil. Cette théorie lui a reconnu une véritable réalité juridique apte à être appréhendée sous un concept uniforme et soumise à un régime juridique cohérent
French law recognizes two types of subrogation : personal subrogation and real subrogation. Although it has been the subject of significant works, the real subrogation remains much less well known than personal subrogation. The patrimonial family law is the main field of the real subrogation. It is, in fact, provided by many special texts of the civil Code in various institutions of patrimonial family law, and accepted by the extensive case law of the Supreme Court. Though it lacks a general theory because of the extreme diversity of its applications as well as the limits imposed by its classical conception resulting from Roman law. However, the theory of value allocation, which appeared at the end of the 19th century, widened its field of application and thus released it from the narrow framework set by the civil Code. This theory recognized the real subrogation as a true legal reality capable of being understood under a uniform concept which is subjected to a coherent legal regime

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O regime patrimonial de bens no casamento e na união estável é o conjunto de regras que regem as relações patrimoniais entre os cônjuges ou companheiros.Com a entrada em vigor do novo Código Civil (lei nº 10.406, de 10 de janeiro de 2002), em 11 de janeiro de 2003, houve a mudança de diversos dispositivos atinentes à matéria. Suprimiu-se o regime dotal, acrescentou-se o regime de participação final nos aqüestos, além do que, se previu a possibilidade de alteração do regime de bens no curso do casamento. A mais importante das alterações referentes ao regime de bens, certamente foi a autorização para que os cônjuges pudessem mudar o regime de bens ainda quando em curso o casamento. Trouxe, como isso, um novo paradigma, revogando o princípio da imutabilidade dos pactos antenupciais. A presente pesquisa tem por objetivo analisar a nova regra a mutabilidade do regime de bens, seus requisitos, forma, efeitos, procedimento, bem como a realidade de outros países. O pedido deve ser submetido ao controle judicial, através de petição conjunta dos cônjuges, no qual farão exposição dos motivos que fundamentam o pedido, devendo comprovar a procedência das razões que invocam. Também há, no texto legal, a ressalva de direitos de terceiros, porventura prejudicados com a alteração do regime de bens, sendo ineficaz em relação a este. Os efeitos da modificação do regime de bens, semelhante ao pacto antenupcial, se condicionam ao registro junto ao Cartório de Registro Imobiliário no domicílio dos cônjuges. O procedimento é de jurisdição voluntária, não cabendo intervenção de quem quer que seja, além dos próprios cônjuges. E o juiz poderá designar audiência de ratificação do pedido ou mesmo de justificação, para comprovação da procedência das razões alegadas pelas partes. A análise da realidade de outros países, também objeto da pesquisa, se constitui um instrumento importante para conduzir o intérprete na aplicação do novo instrumento de garantia da liberdade contratual no âmbito do casamento. Por fim, faz-se uma avaliação positiva em relação à inserção da nova regra no ordenamento jurídico brasileiro.

Bien des couples, aujourd’hui, passent du concubinage au pacs, puis du pacs au mariage, qui sont les trois conjugalités que propose le droit contemporain. À chacune correspond un statut patrimonial spécifique (prévoyant une répartition des biens et des dettes, instituant des effets sociaux et fiscaux, etc.). Or ces statuts sont en pleine mutation : aujourd’hui, on ne compte plus les transformations légales et jurisprudentielles qui s’accomplissent. Quelles sont ces évolutions ? Jusqu’où doivent-elles se poursuivre ? Tel est l’objet de cette étude. Elle relativise l’idée qu’un droit commun du couple serait appelé à émerger : elle constate que, même si un phénomène de convergence est à l’œuvre, d’autres évolutions tendent à accroître certaines différences entre les conjugalités. Elle démontre alors que le droit positif se structure sur le modèle d’une gradation. Plus un couple choisit une conjugalité stable et engagée, plus son statut patrimonial devient exorbitant, communautaire et protecteur. Les amants sont ainsi incités à s’engager sur un chemin jalonné d’étapes prédéterminées (couple sentimental, emménagement, pacs, mariage) que l’on peut appeler iter copulae ; ce modèle est en phase non seulement avec le droit positif, mais aussi avec la réalité sociologique moderne.Ainsi, l’étude synthétise les évolutions en cours. Elle suggère de les approfondir où elles sont inachevées, de les tempérer où elles sont excessives, de les consacrer où elles sont prétoriennes ; le propos est parsemé de propositions de réformes, toutes destinées à asseoir le droit positif sur des bases durables, car plus en phase avec les aspirations modernes
Many French couples today move from cohabitation to civil partnership, then from civil partnership to marriage, which are the three forms of conjugality offered by contemporary law. Each has its own specific property status (providing for the division of assets and debts, establishing social and tax effects, etc.). But these statuses are in a state of flux,with countless legal and case law changes being made. What are these changes ? How far should they continue ? That is the purpose of this study. It sets itself apart by putting into perspective the idea that a common law governing couples will emerge : it notes that, even if a phenomenon of convergence is at work, other developments are tending to increase certain differences between conjugal relationships. It then shows that positive law is structured on the model of a gradation. The more a couple chooses a stable and committed conjugal relationship, the more their property status becomes exorbitant, communal and protective. Lovers are thus encouraged to embark on a path marked out by predetermined stages (romantic relationship, moving in, civil partnership, marriage) that can be called iter copulae ; thismodel is in line not only with positive law, but also with modern sociological reality. The study summarises current developments. It suggests deepening them where they are incomplete, tempering them where they are excessive, and enshrining them where they are praetorian. The study is interspersed with proposals for reform, all designed to put positive law on a sustainable footing, since it is more in tune with modern aspirations

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The theme of this work is about the possibility of changing the property regime in marriage and its effects. Comparative law served as a basis for suggestions based on the experience of legal systems in other countries, especially European countries, in order to take advantage of their advances made possible by years of practice that could be adapted to our planning, including the idea of creating a and a secondary regime of assets. Given the main theme, of the effects of the changes, we seek to establish a criterion to establish a safe differential in order to standardize the effects that could arise from changes in the regime of goods, arriving as a unifying criterion regarding greater or lesser communicability of the goods in each species of the scheme. Undoubtedly, both in choice and change is a criterion that has a fair differential factor and applicable to all changes in the regime of goods. Based on this conclusion, we observed that alterability should have a retroactive effect for the standardization of the property regime throughout the unions, for greater equity between the spouses and the security of third parties. In order to do this, eventual sharing processed together with the alteration of the property regime, in some cases, would eliminate both the equity between the spouses, the freedom, as well as the guarantee to third parties. It was interesting to discover that the idea of intercurrent sharing had already become a legal requirement in Belgium, a fact which, combined with the system of primary and secondary goods, could bear good fruit in our legal system. We did not find any legislation that used these criteria concomitantly, used them in turn. We offer the final lege ferenda trying to give practical use to the conclusions drawn from the research
O tema deste trabalho versa sobre a possibilidade de alteração do regime de bens no casamento e seus efeitos. O direito comparado serviu como fundamento de sugestões em função da experiência dos ordenamentos jurídicos de outros países, em especial europeus, a fim de aproveitarmos os avanços adquiridos por anos de prática que pudessem ser adaptados ao nosso ordenamento, inclusive na ideia da criação de um regime básico e um regime secundário de bens. Posto o tema principal, dos efeitos das alterações, procuramos buscar um critério para estabelecer um diferencial seguro para uniformizar os efeitos, que poderiam advir das variações do regime de bens, chegando como critério uniformizador relativo a maior ou menor comunicabilidade dos bens em cada espécie de regime. Sem dúvida, tanto na escolha como nas mudanças, é um critério que possui um fator diferencial justo e aplicável a todas as alterações do regime de bens. Com base nesta conclusão observamos que a alterabilidade deveria ter efeito retroativo para uniformização do regime de bens ao longo das uniões, para maior equidade entre os cônjuges e a segurança de terceiros. Para tanto, eventual partilha processada conjuntamente com a alteração do regime de bens, em alguns casos, supriria tanto a equidade entre cônjuges, pela liberdade, bem como a garantia a terceiros. Interessante foi descobrir que a ideia da partilha intercorrente já se havia tornado exigência legal na Bélgica, fato que associado ao regime de bens primário e secundário poderiam dar bons frutos em nosso ordenamento jurídico. Não encontramos nenhuma legislação que utilizasse destes critérios concomitantemente, mas apenas alternadamente. Oferecemos ao final lege ferenda tentando dar utilidade prática às conclusões da pesquisa

Nothing much has changed in the Law of Family in Peru. The main doctrine argues that it is not possible to make agreements between spouses on non-economic aspects of their relationships or their duties with their children, even when they could make decisionsin a more convenient way.In the article, the author argues that it is desirable to relax the rules on agreements between spouses or prospective spouses to regulate their rights during marriage or the benefits and obligations of each one in case they end their marriage. In that way, the author alludes to the figures of prenuptial and marital agreements present in American reality.
Poco ha cambiado en el Derecho de Familiaen el Perú. La doctrina mayoritaria sostiene que no es posible realizar acuerdos entre es-posos sobre aspectos no patrimoniales de susrelaciones o de sus deberes ante los hijos, auncuando se podrían adoptar decisiones de unaforma más conveniente.En el artículo, el autor sostiene que es conveniente flexibilizar las normas sobre los acuer- dos entre futuros cónyuges o esposos para regular sus derechos durante el matrimonio o los beneficios y obligaciones de cada uno de ellos en caso concluya la unión matrimonial por cualquier razón. Para ello, hace alusión a las figuras de los acuerdos premaritales y maritales presentes en la realidad estadounidense.

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This study focuses the Pre Nuptial Agreement, analyzing the formalities required for its elaboration, as well as, the legal aspects and possibilities of its content, emphasizing the prevention against litigation that the institute can offer, which is currently not much explored in the national scenery. This work studies the legal business elaborated by the spouses before they get married institutes rules, mainly on the future family s patrimony. It regards and presents the legal nature of the pre nuptial agreement, and focuses the importance of such agreement as a tool to prevent disputes in the ambit of family law, presenting its legal and social usefulness. This study also debates forms for the optimization of the use of this tool. This study details the formal elements indispensable to any pre nuptial agreement, as well as the doctrinaire and jurisprudential views on the agreement content. This work also demonstrates a brief background of family and marriage in order to make the understanding of its main subject easier. It presents a number of types of property rulings, how they are dealt with in the Brazilian legal system and their correlation with the pre nuptial agreement. The study also explores examples of provisions that may be set forth in clauses of pre nuptial agreements, both in the patrimonial and extra-patrimonial ambits. It points out polemic matters related to the pre nuptial agreements, debating hypothesis of solution for each of them. Furthermore, it presents the effect of the pre nuptial agreement in private international law and the hypothesis of invalidity of pre nuptial conventions
O presente trabalho aborda o Pacto Antenupcial, analisando as formalidades exigidas para sua elaboração, bem como os aspectos e possibilidades jurídicas do seu conteúdo, enfatizando a função preventiva a litígios que o instituto pode oferecer, atualmente pouco explorado no cenário nacional. Explora o negócio jurídico elaborado pelos nubentes antes do casamento que institui regras especialmente sobre o patrimônio da futura família. Conceitua e apresenta a natureza jurídica do pacto antenupcial, e foca a importância do pacto como ferramenta de prevenção de conflitos no âmbito do direito de família, apresentando sua utilidade jurídica e social. Também debate formas para a otimização do uso dessa ferramenta. Detalha os elementos formais indispensáveis a qualquer pacto pré-nupcial, bem como apresenta exemplos e o enfoque doutrinário e jurisprudencial sobre o conteúdo dos pactos. Demonstra uma breve evolução histórica da família e do casamento visando auxiliar o entendimento do tema principal. Apresenta as diversas espécies de regimes de bens, seu tratamento no ordenamento jurídico nacional e a correlação com o pacto antenupcial. Explora exemplos de conteúdo clausulares que os pactos podem conter, tanto no âmbito patrimonial, quanto no extra-patrimonial. Aponta questões polêmicas relativas aos pactos, debatendo hipóteses de solução a cada uma delas. Ademais, apresenta a repercussão do pacto antenupcial no direito internacional privado e as hipóteses de invalidade das convenções pré-nupciais

Étude comparative de l'autonomie professionnelle dans le couple marié en droit français et en droit Haïtien. L'autonomie, consacrée puis méconnue en droit haïtien, est l'exemple d'une intégration ambigüe du droit français dans le droit de la famille en Haïti. Par ailleurs, l'autonomie professionnelle se révèle être une "coutume", qui justifie de revoir la problématique dans un ordre juridique renouvelé
Comparative study of professional autonomy in the married couple in French law and Haitian law. Autonomy, then devoted unknown in Haitian law, is an example of an ambiguous integration of French law in family law in Haiti. In addition, professional autonomy appears to be a "custom", which justifies a review of the issue in a legal renewed

Le conjoint survivant a, très souvent, été considéré comme un parent pauvre en matière successorale. Généralement défini, dans les pays d’Afrique francophone, comme l’époux non divorcé et contre lequel il n’existe pas de jugement de séparation passé en force de chose jugée, ses droits y ont connu une évolution significative.Les législations de ces pays ont été fortement inspirées des textes de la France, ex-puissance colonisatrice, principalement du Code civil de 1804 et des réformes subséquentes.Originellement, ces droits, caractérisés par leur hétérogénéité, ont, d’une part, coexisté entre eux, sous l’empire d’institutions traditionnelles hétéroclites, générant des droits inégalitaires, fondées notamment sur les privilèges de masculinité et de primogéniture. Cette coexistence s’est réalisée, d’autre part, avec les droits exogènes, en l’occurrence le droit français et le droit musulman, lesquels ont contribué à la mise en place générale d’un pluralisme juridique et d’un pluralisme successoral spécifique, dans un contexte partagé entre opposition et coordination des règles en présence.Aujourd’hui, le caractère homogène desdits droits est affirmé sur l’étendue du territoire de chacun des pays en revue. Ces droits sont dès lors octroyés par la loi, tout comme ils peuvent l’être par la volonté, sous réserve du respect des prohibitions relatives au contrat de mariage, et de la réserve des héritiers réservataires. En marge de cette consécration qui met surtout en évidence la vocation successorale du conjoint survivant, ces droits sont pour autant malmenés. Par conséquent, ils en appellent d’abord à une protection davantage fondée sur des règles de dévolution favorables au resserrement du noyau familial autour du foyer conjugal. Aussi, fort de l’espace communautaire et linguistique dans lequel ils évoluent, serait-il intéressant et adéquat d’envisager l’harmonisation des droits du conjoint survivant dans les pays d’Afrique francophone
The surviving spouse has very often been considered a poor relation in matters of inheritance. Generally defined, in French-speaking African countries, as the non-divorced spouse and against whom there is no final judgment of separation, his rights have undergone significant development. The laws of these countries were strongly inspired by the texts of France, the former colonizing power, mainly from the civil Code of 1804 and subsequent reforms.Originally, these rights, characterized by their heterogeneity, have, on the one hand, coexisted among themselves, under the influence of heterogeneous traditional institutions, generating unequal rights, based in particular on the privileges of masculinity and primogeniture. This coexistence was achieved, on the other hand, with the exogenous laws, in this case French law and Muslim law, which contributed to the general establishment of legal pluralism and specific inheritance pluralism, in a context shared between opposition and coordination of existing rules.Today, the homogeneous nature of these rights is affirmed throughout the territory of each of the countries under review. These rights are therefore granted by law, just as they can be by will, subject to compliance with the prohibitions relating to the marriage contract, and the reservation of reserved heirs. In addition to this consecration which above all highlights the inheritance vocation of the surviving spouse, these rights are nevertheless abused. Consequently, they first call for protection based more on devolution rules favorable to the tightening of the family nucleus around the matrimonial home. Also, on the strength of the community and linguistic space in which they operate, it would be interesting and appropriate to consider the harmonization of the rights of the surviving spouse in French-speaking African countries

碩士
國立臺北大學
法律學系一般生組
105
This thesis focuses on coping with disputes concerning matrimonial property regime, both in substantial aspect and in procedure aspect. In the last 30 years, Taiwanese litigants had amended the matrimonial property regime several times. Generally speaking, this regime become increasingly fair. In other words, matrimonial property regime is no longer a male chauvinism. However, statutes can never be perfect, so the question is: are there any defects in the latest matrimonial property regime? The answer will be provided through prudent research. In this dissertation, literature review had been adopted; besides, massive verdicts had also been scrutinized. According to these theoretical and empirical research, there are several deficiencies in the regime which worth further illustration. In terms of substantial law, there are three major defects. First, the legal status of free disposition money remains controversial; thus, few litigants tend to utilize this scheme. Second, court has faced increasingly ordeals in deciding which object belongs to the distribution of martial property, such as dividend, lottery award, and other free incomes. Third, due to lack of articulated regulations, the validity of prenuptial agreements is unstable. Even if courts have often admitted the provision of property attribution in prenuptial agreements, most scholars have contended this perspective. In terms of procedural law, there are also three considerable flaws. First, the Family Proceedings Act lacks coordinate provisions to realize particular substantial rights; for the time being, the temporary solution is merely analogy explanation to other existing regulations. Second, in this act, claims jointer is overreaching. Thus, litigants often have joint too many claims at one time. Third, the nature of preliminary injunctions in the Family Proceedings Act has been still disputed; consequently, court needs to establish steady procedures. Based on these flaws this dissertation has observed, amending the matrimonial property regime is a must. There are three flagrant errors in concerning acts, some regulations fail to help litigants properly attribute matrimonial properties, others lack corresponding statues, and the others are far away from perfect.

碩士
東吳大學
法律學系
105
Abstract Matrimonial property system is a kind of legal systems mainly regulate the marital property relations. Factors such as political and economic,customs of the people and traditional culture, are usually affect the differences of matrimonial property system. Taiwan and Mainland have respectively implemented their own matrimonial property system for couples of years since 1949. Due to Mainland started implementing the policy of reformation and opening in 1979 and Taiwan releasing the populace to visit their relatives in 1987. Intercourses between the strait become more freguently and unceasely increasing numbers of marriage. That becomes an important issue of matrimonial property question relating to marriage. In general,most of couples often haven’t declared matrimonial property system yet. Hence, It is even more important of the statutory matrimonial property system. This thesis mainly discuss matrimonial property system of the mainland China,and take the most important statutory matrimonial property system as the center.This thesis introduced the related content of mainland present matrimonial property system, in its historical evoluta.This thesis hope analyzes the advantages and the flaws of the present matrimonial property system in mainland China and proposes my personal researches experience and advices.Next,by the research obtained of mainland China present statutory matrimonial property system, to compared the difference of stipulations between Taiwan and the mainland China about the statutory matrimonial property system ,and find the present stipulations of Taiwan whether there are need modified and propose my suggestions.Furthermore, by understanding statutory marital property system between Strait and its related questions about the applicable law and find the present stipulations of Taiwan whether there are need modified and to protect the legal property rights and interests in the married couples of the between Strait . The specification of marital property system between the Strait is different, the system design also respectively has the superiority, we expected through the research, standard and in practice of the mainland statutory matrimonial property system, look for worth learning places and expecting the matrimonial property system can achieve perfectly in Taiwan.

The bulk of the matrimonial property regimes operating in Botswana were inherited from the country's colonial past. Since independence there ha'> not been any realistic attempt to reform them. The thesis set out to appraisal the legal regimes governing the determination of matrimonial property on divorce to ascertain their efficacy in realising the legitimate aspiration of married couples. Comparisons were made with similar countries to determine how these have tackled problems relating to determination of matrimonial property on divorce. The study found that where there is a dispute about matrimonial property in marriages out of community, the courts have no discretion to readjust the rights of the parties. This situation adversely affect nonworking wives who spent most of their time looking after their husbands and children without being able to acquire capital assets. Recognition is not given to such domestic contribution to the welfare of the family. It was also found that the exercise of the marital power by husbands of marriages in community of property deprives wives of those marriages the right to administer the joint estate. The patriarchal nature of customary law, which governs the majority of disputes about matrimonial property, discriminates against women. Consequently, the following, inter alia, are suggested as reform measures. (a) The courts should be g1ven a wide discretionary power, circumscribed by statutory guidelines, to reallocate matrimonial property on divorce irrespective of the matrimonial property regime that governs the marriage. TI1e underlying principle should be equality of sharing but this may be departed from where the circumstances of the particular case warrant it (b) A spouse's domestic contribution towards the welfare of the family should be recognised. (c) The marital power of husbands should be abolished. (d) The provisions of the Matrimonial Causes Act should be made applicable to customary marriages.
Private Law
LL.D.

碩士
東吳大學
法律學系
100
The thesis is focused on the Amendment of the Law Application to Matrimonial Property Regimes in Taiwan. It is majorly organized of the theories of the scholars and the doctrines from different countries about the theories of the law application to matrimonial property regimes. The doctrines and legal rules from different countries are used to compare with the revision of the law application to matrimonial property regimes in Taiwan. The main point of the thesis is to provide some contribution to the law application to matrimonial property regimes in Taiwan. Because of the difference of the substantive law to matrimonial property regimes in different countries, it must use the law application to matrimonial property regimes to choose which country’s substantive law to be applied. In tradition, the doctrines of the law application to matrimonial property regimes are Meaning Principle, National Law Principle, Residence Principle, and Different Principle between Movable Property and Real Estate. These principles have the advantages and disadvantages. So many countries not only use single principle, but use stage application to choose the law application to matrimonial property regimes. The most controversial issue of our law application to matrimonial property regimes is not equal between me and women. According to patriarchy, our law application to matrimonial property regimes is adopted National Law Principle and not equal to women. The amendment of the law application to matrimonial property regimes corrects the disadvantage. The thesis is to analyze the trade of the law application to matrimonial property regimes in the other countries and compare with the law application to matrimonial property regimes in our country to provide some suggestions and conclusions for all others who are interested in the law application to matrimonial property regimes.

碩士
輔仁大學
法律學系
104
For the frequent international exchanges, the phenomenon that one civil relation involves multiple countries’ factors is common, so such case involves different civil laws and regulations, which are likely to apply, as a result, it can be very easy to produce conflict of laws. Besides, as the quantity of transnational marriages is increasing, the foreign matrimonial property dispute is also one kind of common conflict of laws, so the study of applicable law concerning matrimonial property regimes is particularly important. There are similarities and differences between Taiwan and the mainland on the provisions of applicable law concerning the matrimonial property regimes. The similarities of cross-strait are the type of conflicts norm and the main principles, while the differences are six aspects: the expression of the concept, the doctrine of autonomy, the principle of nationality, the theory of the most significant relationship, the terms of yield and the provisions of the third party. In short, compared to the provisions of the mainland, the rules of Taiwan are more comprehensive, yet still to be improved. This paper makes a comparison on the applicable law of the matrimonial property regimes between Taiwan and the mainland, on a basis of 1978 Hague Convention concerning matrimonial property regimes and foreign legislation, summing up the better applicable law, which is more efficient and practical international.

Dissertação de Mestrado em Direito apresentada à Faculdade de Direito
Este texto pretende oferecer um enquadramento geral da questão da publicidade do casamento e dos regimes de bens em Portugal, distinguindo os regimes de bens consagrados na lei, referindo os seus princípios estruturantes (liberdade contratual, por um lado e imutabilidade dos regimes de bens, por outro) e de que forma a aplicação dos mesmos condiciona as relações patrimoniais entre os cônjuges e com terceiros. Sendo o registo civil instrumental do direito substantivo interno, questiona-se a sua adequação ao atual direito da família, o qual não é imune a uma “nova” e evolutiva conceção do casamento, onde avulta a liberdade de estipulação dos esposados sobre o regime de bens e suas consequências. Neste campo, sendo defendida por muitos a mutabilidade dos regimes de bens, esta não poderá deixar de ser compatibilizada com a proteção de terceiros, o que nos remete para um adequado sistema de publicidade.Analisa-se o sistema de publicidade, avaliando-se o impacto do Regulamento 2016/1103 no sistema registal e de que modo a autonomia conflitual se pode/deve conjugar com a proteção de terceiros e até que ponto a mesma se repercute (ou deve repercutir-se) no registo. Conclui-se:pela existência de várias fragilidades no sistema registal, resultantes do seu excessivo enquadramento no direito interno, quando a realidade nos demonstra que não nos podemos alhear dos atuais movimentos migratórios e de sucessivas recomposições familiares que conferem ao casamento um caráter transfronteiriço; pela falta de coerência interna do sistema registal, no que respeita à extensão da publicidade, ainda e sempre demasiado apegado à riqueza imobiliária; pela inevitabilidade de consagrar o poder dever de cognição do direito estrangeiro pelo Conservador, sob pena de se validar uma aplicação desqualificada do direito, que compromete o valor da publicitação da situação jurídica das pessoas e dos seus bens, que denega a justiça material e promove a litigiosidade
This presentation aims to provide an overview of marriage and property regimes publicity in Portugal, starting by distinguishing the property regimes enshrined in the law, listing their structural principles (contractual freedom, on one side, and immutability of property regimes, on the other) and how their application conditions the patrimonial relations between spouses and between them and third parties. Since the registration system is instrumental of the domestic substantive law, it is questioned its adequacy to the current family law, which is not immune to a "new" and evolutionary conception of marriage, where the freedom of stipulation on property regimes and its consequences has significantly increased. Within this context, the change of property regimes according to domestic law is addressed, as well as it is analysed the way property regimes and their changes are publicized, because it cannot fail to be compatible with the protection of third parties, which leads us to an adequate advertising system.Finally, it is assessed the impact of Regulation 2016/1103 on the Portuguese registration system and on the protection of third parties. We conclude:by the existence of various weaknesses in the registral system, resulting from its excessive framework in national law, when reality shows us that we cannot be allocated to the current migratory movements and successive family recompositions which give marriage a cross-border character,for the inevitability of defending a due power of cognition of foreign law by the Register Office, so that we can guarantee the value of the register, under penalty of denying material justice and increasing litigation

Matrimonial property regimes in Italian and Czech law Resumé This master thesis deals with matrimonial property regimes under the Italian Civil Code and the Czech Civil Code. This issue is significant not only from the perspective of spouses and their families, but also important for everybody who makes contract with a spouse. The purpose of this thesis is to analyse and compare Italian and Czech provisions related to marital property regimes and to point out similarities and differences between them. This thesis consists of an introduction, three parts that are further divided into chapters and a conclusion. The first part is an analysis of Italian provisions. It deals with the fundamental principles of the Italian legal system and matrimonial property regimes as codified in the Codice civile. First of all, it examines statutory community of property, marital assets (marital property, deferred community of property and liabilities), personal property and also deals with mandatory rules of the management of marital assets. Then it deals with contractual regimes, namely the separation of property, the property fund and other marital and prenuptial agreements. Subsequently, it examines the termination of community of property and the division of marital assets. The second part concerns the Czech provisions...

Matrimonial property agreements Abstract The diploma thesis deals with marital property regimes, which are regulated by the Act No. 89/2012 Coll., the Civil Code. The thesis is focused on the three main areas of the problematics. The first area represents a legal regulation of the common property of the spouses, i.e. the statutory matrimonial property regime, the regime, by which marital property relations are regulated, unless a married couple, resp. spouses adjust these relations differently from the law. The second area of interest is a detailed analysis of a legal regulation of property relations of spouses on the basis of a contract, either before or during the marriage, i.e. the contractual regime. The third area examines the matrimonial property regime established by a court decision. The last part of the thesis is dedicated to the view of the Dutch matrimonial property law in comparison with the Czech legislation. With regard to the Czech property law of spouses the thesis may result in a de lege ferenda consideration Key words: matrimonial property law, matrimonial property regime, prenuptial agreement.

Dissertação de Mestrado em Direito: Especialidade em Ciências Juridico-Forenses apresentada à Faculdade de Direito
O presente trabalho tem como propósito o estudo do princípio da imutabilidade das convenções antenupciais e do regime de bens legalmente fixado. Com o objetivo de perceber se este princípio se justifica no nosso ordenamento jurídico, começámos por fazer uma análise, não muito profunda, do regime de bens do casamento. Analisámos, um por um, os regimes de bens previstos no Código Civil, nunca perdendo de vista que os nubentes podem, em respeito pelo estipulado pelo princípio da liberdade, escolher um regime atípico. Este regime poderá combinar caraterísticas dos vários regimes-tipo ou então ser um regime de bens feito ex novo pelos nubentes. De seguida procedemos à análise da figura das convenções antenupciais, que constitui o instrumento pelo qual os cônjuges estabelecem o regime patrimonial que vigorará depois da celebração do casamento. Após percebermos os contornos da figura das convenções antenupciais, nomeadamente os seus requisitos formais e substanciais, bem como as causas que as tornam inválidas, passámos à análise dos seus dois princípios estruturantes: o princípio da liberdade e o princípio da imutabilidade. Relativamente ao primeiro, o estudo centrou-se na análise da sua amplitude e ainda das suas restrições, ou seja, das suas exceções. No que diz respeito ao segundo princípio, o da imutabilidade, o seu estudo requereu-nos mais atenção. Começámos por perceber a sua evolução histórica, tentando perceber de que forma ele surgiu, nomeadamente como apareceu no nosso ordenamento jurídico. Seguidamente, após a sua definição e justificação, procedemos à averiguação da sua dimensão e concretização no nosso ordenamento e ainda as suas exceções. Por último, e concluindo o nosso estudo, analisámos de que forma a esta figura é aceite nos ordenamentos jurídicos europeus e no próprio direito europeu e ainda se, no seguimento das correntes do direito estrangeiro, o princípio deveria continuar a ter cabimento no seio do Direito Português. Concluímos que não, não deverá permanecer.
The present dissertation has the purpose of study the immutability of marriage agreements and matrimonial property fixed by law. the main objetive is to understand if this principle has place in our legal order. In order to understand this we beggin to analyse the different types of matrimonial property. Next we studied the figure of marriage agreements. With this contract the spouses could determinate the property regime that will regulate their property relations after the wedding celebration. Within this subject we notice that we had two essential principles: the principle of liberty and the principle of immutability. The first principle gives spouses the power to fix and determinate with autonomy the property regime that will manage the wedding. On the other hand the principle of immutability prevents the spouses from changing the property regime during the marriage. In order to achieve the main objetive of this investigation we started to explain the historic evolution of this principle and the reasons that may justify the inclusion on our legal order. Next we tried to define the extent and the prohibitions that it contains. To complete, we analysed other countries law to know how law in general treats this problem, mainly the European Law. By testing all the arguments that sustain this principle we conclude that it does not have place in our legal order.The present dissertation has the purpose of study the immutability of marriage agreements and matrimonial property fixed by law. the main objetive is to understand if this principle has place in our legal order. In order to understand this we beggin to analyse the different types of matrimonial property. Next we studied the figure of marriage agreements. With this contract the spouses could determinate the property regime that will regulate their property relations after the wedding celebration. Within this subject we notice that we had two essential principles: the principle of liberty and the principle of immutability. The first principle gives spouses the power to fix and determinate with autonomy the property regime that will manage the wedding. On the other hand the principle of immutability prevents the spouses from changing the property regime during the marriage. In order to achieve the main objetive of this investigation we started to explain the historic evolution of this principle and the reasons that may justify the inclusion on our legal order. Next we tried to define the extent and the prohibitions that it contains. To complete, we analysed other countries law to know how law in general treats this problem, mainly the European Law. By testing all the arguments that sustain this principle we conclude that it does not have place in our legal order.

Dissertação de Mestrado em Ciências Jurídico-Forenses apresentada à Faculdade de Direito
Com a celebração do casamento são produzidos uma série de efeitos – pessoais, patrimoniais e sucessórios – na esfera jurídica dos cônjuges. Antes de casar e com a recente Lei n.º 48/2018, é dada a possibilidade aos nubentes de – em convenção antenupcial e desde que adotando o regime da separação de bens – renunciar reciprocamente à posição de herdeiro legitimário um do outro, de forma a que aqueles efeitos sucessórios que habitualmente se fariam sentir, não existam. Esta dissertação, pretende analisar: o instituto do casamento, os regimes de bens, o estatuto do cônjuge sobrevivo ao longo dos tempos, o ordenamento jurídico de Macau que serviu de fonte de inspiração para esta novidade, e, por fim, mas não menos importante, a lei citada supra – estudando as novas possibilidades que desta advém, juntamente com os requisitos que têm de ser verificados mais os direitos que são atribuídos ao cônjuge supérstite que renunciou a esta condição. É verdade que o estatuto do cônjuge sobrevivo melhorou amplamente com a reforma civilista procedente do Decreto-Lei n.º 496/77 de 25 de novembro, passando este da quarta classe de sucessíveis para a primeira classe dos herdeiros legitimários, não sendo considerado na lista de herdeiros legitimário obrigados à colação – consequência da chamada “horizontalização do direito sucessório” – todavia, esta restruturação mostrou-se insuficientemente pois os tempos mudaram e as pessoas são cada vez mais independentes financeiramente, atendendo muito mais vezes às suas carreiras do que propriamente ao seu agregado familiar. Consideramos, ainda, que deveria ser abandonado o princípio da imutabilidade das convenções, de forma a que estes cônjuges pudessem renunciar a todo o tempo, havendo assim a possibilidade de adotar esta renúncia às circunstâncias da vida uma vez que nos parece pedir demasiadamente que esta renúncia tenha de ser feita obrigatoriamente antes do casamento, altura em que os nubentes não têm noção do que pode ou não ocorrer no futuro.
When a marriage is celebrated a series of personal, patrimonial, and legitimate succession effects take place on the spouses’ judicial sphere. According to the Law n.º 48/2018 to the intended spouses is given the possibility - provided a separations of property regime is adopted in the prenuptial agreement – of a reciprocal renunciation to their condition of legitimate/compulsory heirs, therefore invalidating the traditional succession or inheritance implications. The aim of the present dissertation is to analyse: the marriage institution; the marital property regimes; the legal statute of the surviving spouse over time; Macau’s legal order, precisely the one on which this legislative change was inspired; and last, but not least, the above Law - studying the new legal possibilities it implies, the requirements it imposes as well as the surviving spouse rights in this context. Even thought it's true that the status of the surviving spouse has improved with the reform of the civil procedure of Decree-Law n.º 496/77 of November 25, passing from the fourth class of successions to the first classe of legitimate heirs, not being listed as one of the legitimate heirs obliged to collation - a consequence of the so-called "horizontalization of succession law" - however, this restructuring was insufficient because times have changed and most people are increasingly financially independent, paying much more attetion to their careers than their own households. A critical reflection on the importance of supressing the immutability principle of the agreements will also be carried out, since that would ensure the spouses the opportunity of waiving their right/condition of legitimate heir at any time, which would be, in our opinion, more in line with life circumstances and its changes, not forcing the intended spouses to mandatorily formalize this renunciation before the marriage when none of them is aware of what can or cannot happen in the future.

Substantive gender equality has yet to be achieved in South Africa. As such, when a decision is made for one of the spouses to a civil marriage to stay at home and care for the children born of the marriage, or make career sacrifices to care for children, that spouse is usually the wife. As a result, while the husband continues to amass wealth and grow his earning potential, the wife is unable to do so. In circumstances where such spouses are married out of community of property or subject to the accrual system with onerous exclusion clauses in the antenuptial contract, the wife may be left with little more than a claim for rehabilitative maintenance in the event of a divorce. The courts only have the discretion to make an equitable distribution of marital property in civil marriages with complete separation of property concluded prior to 1 November 1984 (or 2 December 1988) and customary marriages. It is arguable that this limitation of the judicial discretion violates the equality clause contained in the Constitution of the Republic of South Africa, 1996. A broad judicial discretion to equitably redistribute the spouses’ assets upon divorce is therefore proposed in this dissertation.
Private Law
LL.M.